EP1332638A1 - Radio communications system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a WLL system, which unites the independent networks that access the PSTN (13) and Internet (18) and whose subscriber stations have an a/b connection (6) and an Ethernet interface (8) for direct access to the Internet. Said resources are independent of one another and can be used simultaneously. The network that accesses the Internet constitutes a virtual wireless LAN with a star configuration, which terminates in Ethernets at the base station (1) and subscriber stations (9). Said Ethernets operate independently of one another and are interconnected by a bridge function. The subdivided IP and OA & M data and the POTS signalling are transmitted for each subscriber station by means of a respective common layer 2 connection. Useful data of the POTS connections is transmitted separately as a compressed voice transmission, T.38 fax transmission, or transparent modem transmission of 64kbps with automatic recognition and switching. The system operates with a DS CDM/CDMA sequence and an embedded TDM/TDMA and TDD and can be used in particular when a wired telecommunications infrastructure cannot be achieved in the short-term, cannot be achieved at all, or can only be achieved at great expense.

Description

Radio communication system

The present invention relates to the field of devices and methods which enable stationary subscribers to wirelessly access the Internet and the PSTN, particularly the type that both the access to the Internet and the access to the PSTN are direct accesses and one subscriber both accesses simultaneously and can use it independently. In detail, the invention relates to the methods and devices for realizing the air interface, the channel structure and the switching of services in the air interface of such radio systems and the cost-effective solution to the problem. Wireless local access networks to the PSTN have become increasingly popular in the past decade and are now commonly known as WLL (Wireless Local Loop). These access networks have been developed with the aspect that they offer the subscriber the basic telecommunications service as POTS (Piain Old Telephone Service). They differ in this respect from the mobile radio networks, which implement the feature of mobility in addition to a basic service that is already available elsewhere, without wanting to replace it or not being able to replace it. A resulting distinguishing feature is that in WLL the subscriber stations do not represent end devices, but rather have interfaces for connecting end devices at the subscriber's choice, while in mobile radio networks the subscriber stations have terminal functions.

A typical representative of the first generation of WLL are the devices and methods described in DE 4240249. In the meantime, a wide range of further developments has taken place, which primarily include the transition from analog to digital transmission in the air interface, the increase in data rates for modem and fax transmissions and the expansion of the range of services.

For today's conditions, these facilities, including the further developments, are not sufficient. Access to the Internet has become an indispensable offer of telecommunications. The existing WLL allow access to the Internet via modem via the PSTN, but this is ineffective due to the low bandwidths / data rates that are made available for voice transmission in the Air Interface of WLL of the previous type. In addition, access to the PSTN via WLL is usually the participant's only communication link and the occupancy of an Internet access is annoying and hindering and the acceptance of WLL is detrimental.

Accordingly, efforts are underway in many places to overcome the shortcomings of the existing facilities with new solutions. Examples are described in the following explanations. The publication WO 99/55030 describes a method and a device which enable mobile subscribers to access the Internet by radio. The air interface is based on the methods of transmission using OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) described in claim 1 of WO 99/55030, a two- or multi-valued differential phase modulation, reception using antenna arrays (smart antennas) and phase-weighted addition of the signals of all individual antennas for each subcarrier and the demodulation of the received signals thus obtained by determining the phase difference between two adjacent subcarriers for all subcarrier pairs.

A defining feature of the method and device described in WO 99/55030 is that only packet-oriented services are transmitted. As a result, voice is transmitted internally in the system as VoIP (Voice over IP). The subscriber must therefore connect a device suitable for VoIP to the subscriber station in order to be able to establish voice connections. voice calls other VoIP-compatible facilities are routed via the Internet and connections to the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) are established via telephone gateways. The publication US 5910946 (GB 2321158; JP 10224853) describes a method and a device which enable mobile subscribers to transmit both voice and data via radio over the Internet and over the PSTN. The system architecture includes that one or more base stations are connected via an E1 or T1 connection to a central office, which is connected to both the PSTN and the Internet. Incoming and outgoing connections from / to participants in the PSTN are transmitted from the Central Office to the base station as a 64 kbps PCM signal in a timeslot of the E1 or T1 connection. Incoming and outgoing connections from / to Internet users who use Voice over IP are also transmitted from the Central Office to the base station as an Internet connection in timeslots of the E1 or T1 connection. After appropriate implementation, the voice signals for both connection types are transmitted in both directions as a digital voice signal compressed to QSELP with 8 kbps or 13.3 kbps in the air interface. There are no explicit statements about the subscriber station in the publication. It is likely that this, as a mobile device, is also a terminal. The method limits the possibility of data transmission to the data rates specified with the above-mentioned method, which can represent an acceptable value for the mobile subscriber.

The corresponding publications WO 99/62268 and WO 99/61984 describe a method and a device which enable mobile subscribers to access the Internet by radio. The main aim of the method is to realize a narrow-band transmission in the air interface, which is usually only supported by mobile devices according to the state of the art.

First of all, the information exchange between the subscriber station and the base station is not carried out as an Internet connection with TCP / IP in the air interface. The data exchange between the "wireless client" of the subscriber station and a "wireless access point" in the base station is carried out using less data-intensive methods and protocols. In the base station, the information is transmitted from the "wireless access point" via a "wireless network tunneler" to a proxy server (and vice versa). Only the proxy server establishes a regular connection to the Internet with TCP / IP. Secondly, a distributed website is used for this, in that a website is only partially transmitted to the subscriber. The information transmitted is restricted in that only selection elements are transmitted to the subscriber, sufficient for the subscriber to be able to define further requirements and send them via the air interface to the base station devices which manage the other parts of the website. These facilities send the specifically requested parts of the website to the participant or send a resultant request to the Internet. An answer from the Internet is then processed in the same form with the participant.

The method of publications WO 99/62268 and WO 99/61984 can thus offer the subscriber unrestricted access to the Internet, but the access is complex and slow to use. However, such restrictive conditions are usually accepted for and by mobile subscribers. The publication EP 0927482 (WO 99/01969; AU 8181498) describes a method which enables participants to access the Internet by radio. For this, the existing Cellular networks can be used by connecting a computer to the mobile subscriber station via a "cellular telephone modern". The concept can be described as conditionally mobile or better semi-stationary if appropriate computers are used. The publication EP 0927482 is not concerned with the air interface, which is offered and existed by the mobile radio network, but rather with the problems of routing, tunneling and authentication in the various networks. A special aspect of the architecture shown is that the connections from the mobile network are routed via a "communication chassis" to a specific Internet service provider (ISP). Assuming mobility, access attempts can be made by participants who are not customers of this particular service provider. In this case, a solution is presented as to how mobile subscribers can still access the Internet and other networks.

The method in publication EP 0927482 is therefore limited to the data rates specified by the mobile radio networks, which can represent an acceptable value for the mobile subscriber. The publication US 5905719 (WO 98/12833) describes a method and a device which enable stationary subscribers to access the Internet by radio. In the specific air interface, TDM / TDMA is used as the access method and TDD as the duplex method. The duplex method is designed asymmetrically in that the downlink is provided with a slot duration / data capacity four times longer than in the uplink. This should take into account the fact that the directional data load caused by the participants should correspond approximately to this ratio. Narrow-band channels can be assigned for voice transmission based on Voice over IP with 6 kbps or 16 kbps. High-speed data transmissions up to 248 kbps in the downlink are realized by multi-channel assignment (channel bundling). In this case, data transmission and Voice over IP can take place simultaneously. GB 2313981 describes a device which enables stationary subscribers to access the Internet by radio. The device includes, firstly, that an existing public radio network, for example a GSM network, is used for the uplink of the Internet connection. The subscriber dials the dial-in point of his Internet service provider to establish the connection. The connection registration and all other data in the uplink are routed via this radio network and via the PSTN to the dial-in point of this Internet service provider. Secondly, the device means that a special broadband radio system is used for the downlink of the Internet connection. For this purpose, the data to be transmitted in the uplink are decoupled at the dial-in point of the Internet service provider and transmitted to the transmitter of the special radio system via a high-rate data connection and transmitted from there via the air interface to the receiver at the location of the subscriber. The solution is based on the assertion that the data traffic in the uplink is generally low compared to the data traffic in the downlink and that a mobile radio channel should be sufficient for the low data traffic in the uplink. Part of the described device are the splitters / combiners, which separate or merge the data traffic at the subscriber interface and at the dial-in point of the Internet service provider and operate the different channels for the two transmission directions. It can be seen that wireless Internet access in the existing or in preparation solutions is primarily oriented towards mobile users and mostly narrow-band transmission methods, partly also based on public mobile radio networks, are implemented. This Orientation leads to restrictions, which are mainly due to the data transmission speed. Methods that work with special broadband transmission methods in the air interface usually assume that Internet users generally transfer much smaller amounts of data in the uplink than in the downlink, and design the ratio of the transmission capacity in the uplink and downlink accordingly. This assumption has a very high probability of internet use, which is described by the term surfing, or the mobile subscriber, who mainly uses information services and the like.

Furthermore, the presented facilities with wireless Internet access offer voice connections exclusively on the basis of Voice over IP. At the subscriber station in particular, the implementation of Voice over IP is comparatively easier than that of access to the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network). However, Voice over IP has decisive disadvantages. These are above all the non-guaranteed connection, high delay times due to the packaging and through gateways, in addition to the delay times due to the compression methods that are always used, and the lack of service features, such as those in the FRG as universal services in TKDLV (telecommunications -Universal Services Ordinance) and represent minimum offers for telecommunications services.

For those stationary subscribers for whom the wireless connection is the primary service, the above restrictions are not acceptable, not even for significantly lower prices. In this area of application, commercial use must be expected, which tends towards the same amount of data in the uplink and downlink with regard to Internet use. Furthermore, the restrictions resulting from Voice over IP are not acceptable and the lack of direct POTS or ISDN access with all service features is a decisive defect.

Above all, radio communication systems that meet the new requirements require the radio subscriber to have access to POTS and the Internet simultaneously and independently of one another and to offer data rates and service features for both services in accordance with the properties of the fixed networks.

In this regard, [1] describes the concept of a DECT-based WLL system, which has the task of uniting an access network to the Internet and an access network to the PSTN in one system. DECT (Digital European Cordless Telephone) is a system of cordless telephony standardized by the ETSI (ETS 300-175). It is intended for short ranges up to 300 m and voice transmission. DECT already has a low frequency effectiveness in the standard version, which can be specified as 0.226 bit / s * Hz (duplex operation). In this version, the runtime-related range is 5 km. In the concept mentioned, a range of 15 km is specified without specifying that in this case only every second slot can be used in the channel scheme in order to create sufficient distances for the runtime compensation. In this case, the frequency effectiveness is reduced to 0.113 bit / sec.

In addition, DECT is not equipped with an error protection method such as FEG or another, nor with an equalizer to compensate for interference caused by multipath propagation. Both facts in the network have the consequence that DECT only reaches a BER of 10-3, which is sufficient for the transmission of speech using 32 kbps ADPCM, but is insufficient for the data transmission. In particular, interference due to multipath propagation and resulting intersymbol interference are present Transmission distances up to 15 km are no longer negligible. The reason for this is that a detour length of 500 m already results in a product of π _DS = symbol rate * detour time = 1, 5, see also the explanations below.

For practical reasons, all attempts to use DECT for WLL applications with ranges greater than 1 km and for data transmission have so far been problematic in practical use. These disadvantages can only be overcome by means of specially adapted solutions such as the solution according to the invention. The invention described below therefore takes into account the use of an FEC for error protection and the use of equalizers and Preequalizers, as described below. The concept presented in [1] defines a model of Internet traffic with three layers, the session layer, the page layer and the packet layer (see [1], 3.5 and 3.6 and Figure 3). This model assumes that a large number of pages are transmitted during an Internet session and that there are longer pauses between the transmissions of the pages and that a large number of packets are required to transmit a page and that there are also pauses, albeit shorter, between the transmissions of the packets. occur. According to the concept, the Internet traffic is transmitted on the packet layer, which means that a new physical connection is established between a base station and the subscriber station for each packet. This requires a fast access procedure, which is basically offered by DECT.

On the other hand, with reference to the above thinking model, in the solution according to the invention, as described below, the transmission of the Internet traffic takes place on the page layer. This means that the shorter pauses between the packets are bridged and for this time the physical connection in the air interface remains and, if necessary, only its capacity is reduced, and that the physical connection is only broken down for the larger pauses between the pages. The concept presented in [1] further assumes that layer 2 security is only provided for the transmission of Internet traffic (see [1], page 8). Since there is no subsegmentation of the IP packets, layer 2 security can only be effective at the packet level. This has considerable disadvantages, since with packet lengths of up to 1500 bytes corresponding to 12,000 bits at the above-mentioned error rate, the probability of incorrectly transmitted packets is very high and frequent repetitions of the transmission of packets can be expected. In contrast, in the solution according to the invention, as described below, the IP packets are subsegmented for transmission in the air interface, on which the layer 2 security is based. With an average of an order of magnitude shorter length of the subpacts and an error rate of the solution according to the invention that is three orders of magnitude smaller, the probability for incorrectly transmitted packets is very low, and secondly, the repetition of the transmission of subpackets with regard to the effectiveness of the transmission and the resulting data rate of less influence. Furthermore, in the solution according to the invention, as described below, the layer 2 protection comprises the IP data, OA&M data and signaling of POTS connections in a common layer 2, as a result of which increased transmission security is also achieved for the other types of service mentioned. Overcoming the various disadvantages mentioned requires special multiplexing and access methods which ensure the required broadband and flexibility. An advanced method is CDM / CDMA (Code Division Multiplex / Code Division Multiple Access). Code multiplex access is advantageously characterized in that: the users can work in the same frequency band, a relatively high interference power in the band is tolerated, under certain conditions neighboring radio cells can also reuse the same frequency. In the code multiplex when several maximum sequences in the same frequency band are superimposed, the spread sequences must be required to be easily separable from one another. So-called GOLD sequences are often used for this, from which several families are known and which have low KKF values among one another for any code phases. However, these KKF values are not zero, so that crosstalk occurs in the despreading between the individual sequences, which limits the multiplex operation to comparatively few of the said sequences.

For code-multiplexing with the maximum transmission capacity theoretically possible, orthogonal signal spaces must be used. Walsh-Hadamard sequences are, for example, such orthogonal code sequences. However, the orthogonality is limited to a preferred code phase, so that in order to utilize the orthogonality, all sequences arrive in a code-synchronous manner in a receiver and synchronous demodulation must be carried out.

Pure TDMA methods generally have the problem that, due to the time-sequential transmission, the symbol rate assumes high values and the product π _DS = symbol rate * detour time takes values »1, which means that the detour signals of a symbol A _n as inter-symbol interference of the signals A _{n + k} , k = 1 ... π _DS appear. TDMA methods are therefore highly sensitive to multipath propagation.

In this regard, CDMA methods have more favorable prerequisites than TDMA methods, since with the same amount of data to be transmitted, CDMA methods transmit this amount of data in S superimposed channels, where S is the number of code sequences used. This reduces the symbol rate compared to TDMA methods by this factor S. For example, in the case of S = 32 and a symbol rate of 120 ksymbols / s and an assumed maximum detour length of 2.5 km, this results in a detour running time of 8.3 μs corresponds to a product π _DS = symbol rate * detour runtime = 1. For a TDMA method of the same capacity, π _DS = 32 would result.

Furthermore, with TDMA in multiuser operation, the protection times for the runtime compensation must be inserted sequentially in the transmission in the direction from the subscriber stations to the base station, which reduces the effectiveness of the data transmission.

In this regard, a connection of CDMA with an embedded TDMA is advantageous since the number of protection times for the time-of-flight compensation to be inserted sequentially in the transmission is reduced by this factor in accordance with the number of code channels S. At the same time, the number of channels available in parallel, which is limited to S for pure CDMA, is increased. The present invention is based on the object of overcoming the disadvantages of the aforementioned devices and methods. The object is achieved by the devices and methods according to the features of claim 1.

To achieve this task, the radio communication system comprises a base station, a large number of subscriber stations, a local exchange of the PSTN and the PSTN, optional connection devices, a first router, an access point of an ISP (Internet Service Provider) and the Internet, a local OA&M device OA&M center and a second router / proxy server. The base station is connected to the large number of subscriber stations via an air interface, via one or more E1 or T1 PCM connections, possibly with the optional connection devices, to the local exchange of the PSTN and - via an Ethernet to router 1 and the local one OA&M facility connected. The first router is connected to the ISP's access point via a data connection. The OA&M center is connected to the Internet via the second router / proxy server, this connection also taking place via an ISP, which need not be identical to the former. The OA&M Center may be reserved for a plurality of such devices according to the invention.

The subscriber stations each have a PSTN subscriber interface, which is used for POTS (Piain Old Telephone Service, a / b) or ISDN

(Basic connection, 2B + D) is designed, and an Ethernet interface, which according to the invention is intended for Internet access. An essential aspect of the invention is that a wireless access network to the PSTN and a wireless access network to the Internet are combined in this radio communication system. With regard to the PSTN, this is done by the device being connected to a local exchange, the radio subscribers acting as regular subscribers to this local exchange and the operation of the subscriber interfaces at the subscriber stations taking place in the "off-hook" process, that is to say that all signals, signal tones, service features are exchanged directly between the subscriber interface and the local exchange.

With regard to the Internet, this is done in that the computers or computer networks of the customers connected to the ethernet interface of the subscriber devices act as subscribers of a virtual LAN (wireless LAN). The LAN is designed as a network with a non-public IP address range and, on the base station side, has a direct connection to an ISP (Internet Service Provider) via a router and a data connection. The subscribers have at least one permanently assigned address from said address range, but can receive additional addresses for special purposes, such as, for example, the operation of Exchange servers, which can be converted into public addresses via said router. For the first time, this specifically takes into account the stationary use in the commercial sector, which requires this operating variant.

Another aspect of the invention is that in the air interface of said radio communication system, the capacity distribution between the wireless access network to the PSTN and the wireless access network to the Internet is controlled and adapted as required. This is advantageous for an effective utilization of resources, since telecommunication traffic and internet traffic sometimes have different daily load profiles. The distribution control takes place within certain adjustable limits, which guarantee minimum shares for POTS and Internet connections. The distribution control takes into account a priority for POTS within the permitted setting range, which means that the transmission capacity of existing Internet connections is reduced in favor of new POTS connections to be set up. A further aspect of the invention is that the subscribers connected via radio enable simultaneous access to the PSTN and to the Internet. This property correlates with the The aforementioned aspect in that the capacity distribution between POTS and the Internet is controlled as required within the maximum capacity of the subscriber station for the individual subscriber station, the requirements of the POTS taking precedence.

A further aspect of the invention consists in the fact that in the wireless access network to the PSTN there is an effective use of resources by providing the POTS subscribers with a compressed voice transmission as the standard connection and higher demand-controlled ones

Transmission capacity for fax or modem transmissions is provided. Specifically, this includes:

Each connection is initially set up as a voice connection with a high voice compression, for example to 8 kbps according to G.729. Modern speech compression processes, such as the one mentioned above, are associated with subjectively hardly noticeable loss of quality and at the same time acceptable delay times.

Monitoring and detection of the initiation of fax or modem transmissions takes place during the connection and only in this case the automatic allocation of a higher transmission capacity. The transmission speed for fax transmissions is set to the required value of ≥ 14.4 kbps in accordance with classes G3 / G4 and a transparent 64 kbps channel is switched for modem transmissions, so that modem transmissions up to a maximum value of 57.6 kbps (V.90 ) possible are. Fax transmissions are carried out in such a way that the fax signals for the transmission in the air interface are converted back to the baseband by means in the base station and the subscriber station using a so-called fax relay software, and thus only the said one in the air interface

Capacity allocation is required, which corresponds to the nominal value of the transmission rate of the fax connection. Another aspect of the invention is that the "off-hook" principle guarantees POTS subscribers all the service features that digital local exchange devices also offer as standard analog-wired subscribers.

Another aspect of the invention is that the wireless access network to the Internet gives the subscriber direct access to a gateway of an ISP (Internet Service Provider) via an Ethernet interface of his computer or his computer network and the route via the PSTN with Dialing an ISP access number and using modem transmission is not required. Regardless of this, the latter route can be used alternatively or simultaneously by the subscriber via his POTS connection.

Another aspect of the invention is that in the wireless access network to the Internet the maximum capacity of the subscriber station is assigned by default when the connection is established. Exceptions may be that there is already a POTS connection at the same subscriber station, or that the total load in the air interface is so high that a lower allocation is mandatory. An effective use of resources takes place in that the transmission capacity assigned to a subscriber is reduced to a minimum capacity in the case of low activity or brief inactivity, in order to be dynamically increased to said maximum possible value again when higher activity starts again. The minimum capacity results from the channel structure and channel assignment procedure as described below. The advantage of such a process step is that a dynamic channel assignment based on a existing physical connection can take place faster than when the physical connection is closed

Connection.

Connections of subscribers whose transmission capacity has already been reduced to the minimum capacity can be physically separated if the inactivity continues for a longer period of time, the connection processes which controlled this connection remaining in the base station and the subscriber station for periods of hours. In the event of renewed activity, therefore, only the physical connection has to be re-established, this being done in accordance with the aforementioned methods with the maximum possible capacity. packet-oriented data compression takes place for transmission in the air interface. The time constants for the disconnection of the Internet connection are optimized in such a way that the pauses between the individual packets are bridged during the transmission of a website and, if necessary, only the reduction in the transmission capacity becomes effective. In this way, an optimization is carried out with regard to the frequency of the procedures for establishing a connection and the effective utilization of the air interface. Another aspect of the invention is that the facility's OA&M system uses the Internet to connect to a remote OA&M center. The OA&M instance of the radio communication system is part of the base station. In addition, a local OA&M device can be connected to the Ethernet of the base station, which has direct access to the OA&M instance of the radio communication system and can communicate with the remote OA&M center via the Internet. OA&M connections to the subscriber stations are packet-oriented, but to minimize the overhead, but not TCP / IP-based as special service connections, multiplexed into the data stream of this connection for existing IP connections of a subscriber station, - for existing POTS connections depending on the scope of the transmitting OA&M data in the signaling channel of the POTS connection or in a simultaneous special service connection. Another aspect of the invention is that the particularly interference-free multiplex / access method DS CDM / CDMA (Direct Sequence Code Division Multiplex / Code Division Multiple Access, hereinafter referred to as CDMA) is used in the air interface. This method involves defining code sequences with a uniform length of n bits that are orthogonal to one another. The orthogonality of these code sequences means that their cross-correlation functions give the value zero in the case of sequence synchronism. With a sequence length of n bits, a maximum of exactly n sequences can be found that meet this condition. Several sequence families can be found that fulfill the condition of orthogonality within the family. This condition is definitely not fulfilled between the members of the different sequence families.

The application of the method enables several parallel data streams, up to a maximum of n pieces corresponding to the number of code sequences, to be transmitted in parallel via a common physical channel and to be separated again at the receiving end. For this purpose, the data streams are transferred bit-synchronously or symbol-synchronously to the maximum of up to n modulators according to the number of code sequences. The requirement of synchronicity results from the property of the code sequences already mentioned that only in this case their cross-correlation functions have the value zero have what is a prerequisite for separability at the receiving end. The modulators carry out the spreading of each bit or symbol of the individual data stream with the code sequence assigned to them from the supply of code sequences, which, mathematically speaking, corresponds to a multiplication of the bit or symbol by the code sequence. Each bit or symbol is thus converted into a number of n states, which are referred to as "chips" for distinction. The chip rate at the output of the modulators for transmission is therefore higher by a factor n than the input bit or symbol rate. The data streams thus spread represent independent channels which are characterized by their code sequence and are therefore referred to as a code channel. These code channels are then additively superimposed and modulated for transmission on an HF carrier. If CDMA is also used for "multiple access", that is to say that a large number of independent sources transmit to a common receiver, the synchronism of the code sequences of all code channels must be ensured at the receiver input for the signals from all sources. This is ensured according to the invention by startup synchronization and synchronization during operation, which are described below. the same reception level of the code sequences of all code channels can be guaranteed. This is ensured according to the invention by a power control during operation, which is described below. An RF receiver is arranged at the receiving end, which provides a demodulated signal at its output, which represents the superimposition of the signals of all code channels. For each code channel, a demodulator is required, which must know the code sequence to be selected a priori and carries out a correlation between the code sequence and the input signal. Correlators or matched filters used for this are available as hardware solutions integrated in special circuits or are implemented in software in signal processors. The latter lends itself because the mathematical correlation again represents a multiplication of the input data stream by the code sequence. The output signal of the correlator must then be evaluated, in the simplest case in a threshold circuit, in order to recover the data content of the code channel. Another aspect of the invention is that TDD (Time Division Duplex) is used as the duplex method, ie an RF channel is used alternately in time for both transmission directions. This enables the transmitter and receiver of the devices to work on a common antenna and only an electronic antenna switch is used to decouple the transmitter output and receiver input and no complex and expensive duplex filters as with FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) are required. In the device according to the invention, a downlink period, a guard time and an uplink period form a duplex frame, hereinafter always referred to as a frame. Another aspect of the invention is that the frame is used in TDM / TDMA and, in an exemplary embodiment, is divided into 15 timeslots of the same duration, hereinafter referred to as slots. The assignment of the slots is identical for all code channels as described below: slots 0 to 6 are used for the transmissions of the base station,

Slot 7 is divided into two parts and includes a protection period for the runtime compensation and a time phase for registration of connection requests and startup synchronization for subscriber stations that were temporarily inactive. The protection time for the runtime compensation takes the maximum into account Distance that is permitted between the base station and a subscriber station and has a duration of twice the duration for this distance including the real switching times from reception to transmission in the subscriber station. The registration and synchronization procedures are described below. - Slots 8 to 14 are used for the transmission of the subscriber stations.

Another aspect of the invention is that a spectrum of different channel types is created and these different channel types can be flexibly combined in a modular system to form different traffic types and can thus be adapted to different services and transmission rates. Another aspect of the invention is that the data transmission is secured by using an FEC (Forward Error Correction) and for the transmission of the compressed voice data, data of the fax or modem transmission in a POTS connection and data of the layer 2 connection for IP , OA&M and signaling data of the POTS connections different FEC levels can be set. Another aspect of the invention is that in the uplink direction, in addition to the start-up synchronization, two methods of periodic measurement and tracking of the synchronization of the CDMA transmissions are used simultaneously during operation. A first method, which carries out a measurement and tracking per frame, and a second method, which carries out at least one measurement and tracking per 32 frames with increased accuracy compared to the first method. An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1 shows the architecture of the radio communication system in its entirety,

FIG. 2 shows the layer model of the POTS access network and its linkage with the Internet access network. FIG. 33 shows the layer model of the Internet access network and its linkage with the POTS access network

Figure 4 shows the channel scheme of a concrete embodiment of the invention when using CDMA in conjunction with TDM / TDMA and TDD.

FIG. 5 shows the structure of a multiframe_6 (MF_6) for a code channel, based on a channel scheme corresponding to FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 shows the classification of the special channels for synchronization and control as well as the protection time for the runtime compensation in the TDD and the channel scheme according to FIG. 4.

7 shows the different structures of slot types and their use in the channel scheme corresponding to FIG. 4. FIG. 88 shows the structure and function of a multiframe_32 (MF_32) for an embodiment of the invention with n = 32 code channels.

FIG. 9 shows a more detailed illustration of a detail from FIG. 8.

Figure 10 shows the structure of different types of packed data units.

FIG. 11 shows the modular system of traffic types by combining different types of packed data units for POTS connections or stand alone IP connections.

Figure 12 shows the modular system of traffic types by combining different types of packed Data units for Layer 2 connections when a POTS connection is operated in parallel. Both the preceding general descriptions and the following detailed description have only exemplary character as possible embodiments of the devices and methods according to the invention and do not limit the claims to the invention. Figure 1 describes the architecture of the facility in its entirety. A base station 1 has an interface to the air interface 3 for the wireless connection to a plurality of subscriber stations 4.1 to 4.i. Access to the air interface 3 takes place via an antenna 2, which is used equally for the transmitting as well as the receiving operation. The base station 1 also has a PCM interface 10 which is designed as one or more E1 or T1 PCM trunklines and which connects the base station 1 to a local exchange 12 of the PSTN 13. The interface 10 is designed as a concentrated interface, that is to say that the number of PCM connections corresponds to the number of possible connections in the air interface or only exceeds this to the extent that results from the quantization of the E1 or T1 PCM trunk lines. If required, optional connection devices 11 are switched into the connection between the base station 1 and the local exchange 12 if the local exchange 12 does not support a concentrated interface, but only offers subscriber-related connections such as TIP / RING (a / b) or V5.1. In this case, the connection devices 11 have the task of physically adapting, converting the protocol and converting subscriber-related to concentrated connections. Another reason for the use of the connection devices 11 can be if the local exchange device 12 offers a protocol which is not supported by the base station 1

The base station 1 also has an interface 14, which is designed as an Ethernet interface. A router or proxy server 15 is connected to the Ethernet and is connected via a data line 16 to a network access of an ISP 17 (Internet Service Provider) via which there is access to the Internet 18. A local OA&M device 21 is also connected to the Ethernet. An OA&M center 19 is also part of the device and is connected to the Internet 18 via a router / proxy server 20 (via an ISP, not shown here, which need not be identical to the former). The OA&M center 19 may be reserved for a plurality of remote base stations 1. The subscriber stations 4 have an interface to the air interface 3 for the wireless connection to the base station 1. Access to the air interface 3 takes place via an antenna 5, which is used equally for the transmitting and the receiving operation. Furthermore, the subscriber stations 4 each have a PSTN subscriber interface 6, which is designed for POTS (TIP / RING, a / b) or ISDN (basic connection, 2B + D), and an Ethernet interface 8, which according to the invention is intended for Internet access is. The PSTN subscriber interface 6 allows the connection of terminals 7 according to the type of service and at the customer's choice. The Ethernet interface 8 allows the connection of computers 9 for direct access to the Internet, which may be individual computers or, in the case of computer networks, routers, proxy servers or computers with a proxy server emulation.

FIG. 2 shows the layer model of the POTS access network and its link to the Internet access network. The columns of the representation contain the elements 22 of the base station 1 (FIG. 1) relevant for the POTS and Internet access networks, the corresponding elements 23 of the subscriber stations 4 and the air interface 3. The rows of the representation contain the different ones Plans, which include the Management Plane 24, the Physical Signaling Plane 25, the POTS Signaling

Tarpaulin 26 and the user tarpaulin 27.

The management plane 24 includes the OA&M devices 28 of the base station 1, comprising: the subscriber administration and subscriber authentication, including the priority features of certain subscribers, such as belonging to disaster groups (fire brigade,

Mountain rescue etc.) or classification as VIP (Very Important Person), who in certain situations are only authorized to establish incoming and outgoing connections, the central control, which carries out the administration of the active connections and generates the POTS Control 36. - The resource manager, which carries out the channel management and channel assignment to the POTS Control 36 and the IP Control 74 (FIG. 3). Channel assignments are made when establishing a connection and when the channel requirements change during a connection based on the requirements of a POTS Control 36 or an IP Control 74, or when the channel allocation table is continuously defragmented by the resource manager as instructions to the POTS Control 36 or IP Control 74.

Connections 29 to the POTS Control 36 of the active POTS connections. Only a connection to such a process is shown. When a POTS Control 36 is being set up, the subscriber authentication and the resource allocation to the POTS Control and changes in the resource allocation during the existing connection are dealt with via the connection 29. Connections 30 to the service access points of layer 2 40 of the active POTS connections. Via the connections 30, OA&M data are exchanged as packet data with the OA&M devices 32 of the subscriber stations 4. The transmission can take place both embedded in an existing connection and also via a connection specially initiated by the OA&M facilities 28 or 32 for the stated purpose. a connection 31 to the air interface control 64 of the base station 1.

Said resource manager in the OA&M device (28) of the base station (1), which is connected to the POTS Control (36) of the active POTS connections, the IP Control (74) of the active IP connections and the Air Interface Control (64) maintains a channel assignment table and, when an outgoing connection is established, initiates a channel assignment to the POTS Control (36) or instances based on a request coming from the Air Interface Control (64), initiated by the POTS Control (44) or IP Control (81) IP Control (74) according to the type of connection requested, when an incoming connection is established, when the capacity requirement changes or when an existing connection is terminated due to a request coming from the POTS Control (36) or IP Control (74) instances, a first channel assignment or change or delete one

Channel assignment to the requesting entity by reducing the default values of the channel assignment for existing and new IP connections to be established or returning to the default value when the limit load of the system is reached or when this state is ended and changing the channel assignment to the POTS Control instances (36 ) or IP Control (74) by, when defragmenting the channel assignment table, channel allocation to the POTS Control instances (36) and / or IP Control (74) in that a maximum number of unused code channels (90) is created by connections that do not occupy the full capacity of a code channel (90) in other code channels until these code channels are fully occupied be rejected. The management tarpaulin 24 also includes the OA&M devices 32 of the subscriber stations 4, comprising: subscriber administration and subscriber authentication of the subscriber at the subscriber station concerned, including the priority features of the particular subscriber in accordance with the above explanation, a connection 33 to the POTS control 44 when POTS control is active. Connection. When a POTS Control 44 is set up, subscriber authentication is handled via connection 33. a connection 34 to a service access point of layer 2 48. Via the connection 34

OA&M data is exchanged as packet data with the OA&M devices 28 of the base station 1, as described above. a connection 35 to the air interface control 68 of the subscriber stations 4. In the base station 1, the POTS signaling tarpaulin 26 includes the POTS control 36 of the active POTS connections, only shown here for such a connection. The POTS Control 36 have connections 29 to the OA&M devices 28, connections 67 to the air interface control 64 and a connection 43 to the user control 51 of the respective active POTS connection, - protocol stacks 37 connected to the POTS control 36, shown here only for such Connection comprising layer 3, layer 2 and physical layer, which have an interface for signaling 38 to the local exchange 12 (FIG. 1) and air interface-side protocol stacks connected to the POTS control 36, shown here only for such a connection, comprising layer 3 39, layer 2 40 and physical layer, the latter having a signaling connection 42 in the air interface 3. Layer 3 39 is over one of three services

Layer 240 access points connected to it. Another service access point 41 is occupied with the IP traffic, another service access point 30 is occupied with the OAM data traffic. The POTS signaling tarpaulin 26 further comprises a POTS control 44 in the subscriber stations 4 with an active POTS connection. The POTS Control 44 has a connection 33 to the OA&M device 32, a connection 70 to the Air Interface Control 68 and a connection 50 to the User Control 58, a subscriber-side protocol stack 45 which has corresponding converters and generators for the analog signaling of the a / b interface 6 comprises and an air interface-side protocol stack, comprising layer 3 47, layer 2 48 and physical layer, the latter having a signaling connection 42 in the air interface 3. Layer 3 47 is connected to one of three service access points of layer 248. The service access point 49 is occupied with the IP traffic, the service access point 34 is occupied with the OAM data traffic. In the base station 1, the user plane 27 comprises the data control 51 of the active POTS connections, here only shown for such a connection, which have a connection 43 to the respective POTS control 36, stacks 52 connected to the data control 51, here only shown for such a connection, which convert bidirectional data with 64 kbps according to G.711 and an interface 53 to a B channel

Trunklines have, - stacks 54 connected to the data control 51, shown here only for such a connection, which carry out the voice compression / decompression bidirectionally according to G.729, - stacks 55 connected to the data control 51, shown here only for such a connection Connection which performs the data conversion according to T.38 for fax transmission at 14.6 kbps bidirectionally, stacks 56 connected to the data control 51, shown here only for such a connection, which convert data bidirectionally at 64 kbps according to G.711 and with the physical layers connected to the stacks 54, 55 and 56, shown here only for such a connection, which have an interface 57 to the air interface 3.

The data control 51 monitors the data stream with regard to the operating modes voice, fax or modem, via connection 43 the signaling of the determined operating mode to the POTS control 36 and

Request the corresponding transmission rate, - after a positive acknowledgment by the POTS Control 36, the alternative switchover to one of the stacks

54, 55 or 56, whereby the default setting when setting up a POTS connection is always Voice with

Speech compression and use of the stack 54 is. The user plane 27 further comprises in the subscriber station 4 an adequate device Data Control 58, as described above for the base station 1, connected to - a stack 59, which bidirectionally converts the A / D and D / A between the analog

Terminal interface 6 and the 64 kbps data stream and the alternative stacks 60, 61 and 62 for the operating modes voice, fax and modem as described for stacks 54, 55 and 56. Through data control 58, process steps become adequate for data control 51 carried out. The synchronous operation of both devices in base station 1 and subscriber station 4 is ensured by the POTS Control 36 and 44 via appropriate signaling. The request / deregistration of data rate and channel assignment, adapted to the respective operating mode, is carried out in any case by the POTS control 36 in the base station via the connection 29 at the OA&M device 28. The physical signaling plane 25 in the base station 1 includes a Airinterface Control 64, which connects 31 with the OA&M device 28 and

Has connections 67 to the POTS Control 36 of the active POTS connections. a protocol stack 65 connected to the Airinterface Control 64, comprising Layer 3, Layer 2 and

Physical layer, which has an interface 66 for access control and the establishment of connections via the air interface 3. - A virtual actuation 63 for the switchable connections 42 and 57, which expresses that the

Establishing a connection with the channel assignment via the Airinterface Control 64 and 68 said

Connections 42 and 57 are closed. The physical signaling plane 25 further comprises in the subscriber station 4 an air interface control 68, which has a connection 35 to the OA&M device 32 and a connection 67 to the POTS control 44 when POTS connections are active, and a protocol stack connected to the air interface control 68 69, comprising Layer 3, Layer 2 and Physical layer, which has an interface 66 for access control and the establishment of connections via the air interface 3. The interface 66 is constructed asymmetrically and uses a broadcast channel (BCH) in the down direction and a random access channel (RACH) of different capacities and classification in the channel scheme in the up direction in accordance with the description below.

The interaction of the devices for an incoming call for a radio subscriber is as follows:

A SETUP arriving via the interface 38 from the local exchange 12 is parked in the protocol stack 37 and the POTS Control 36 is activated with the transfer of the subscriber data. - The POTS Control 36 queries the connection 29 to the OA&M facility 28 for acceptance, priority characteristics and status and requests a channel assignment.

A positive response contains the identification (ID) and the priority features of this subscriber station 4 • and in a first scenario that there is no IP connection to said subscriber station 4, in which case a channel is assigned, the default value being the assignment for a compressed one Voice connection is. In the case of this first scenario, the POTS Control 36 requests the connection to the Airinterface Control 64 via connection 67, specifying the assigned channel. Positive feedback means that when the subscriber station 4 is switched over to the assigned channel, the actuation 63 virtually

Signaling interface 42 and user data interface 57 has switched through. The procedure for establishing the connection is described below, or in a second scenario that an IP connection to said subscriber station 4 already exists, in which case the number of the IP control 74 (FIG. 3) is transferred and a channel for user data is assigned in the user plane 27 , the assignment being as

The capacity previously used exclusively for the IP connection is split. The OA&M device 28 updates the channel assignment to the IP Control 74 via the connection 72 (FIG. 3). The POTS Control 36 transfers the parked SETUP of the incoming call to the air interface layer 3 39 via the signaling connection. The rest of the procedure is carried out in accordance with typical telecommunications procedures.

In the case of the first scenario, the initialization of the POTS Control 44 takes place in the subscriber station 4, in that the air interface control 68 transfers the connection request to the OA&M device 32 via the connection 35 and, if the latter is confirmed positively, instructs the POTS Control 44 via the connection 33 becomes. In the case of the second scenario, the POTS is initialized

Control 44 via the existing connection by transferring the signaling from Lyer 2 48 to Layer 3 47 via the corresponding service access point. From the POTS Control 44, a status message is sent to the OA&M device 32 via connection 33 and confirmation by the latter. The interaction of the devices when a radio subscriber is calling is as follows: A "hook off at the a / b interface 6 is implemented via converters in the protocol stack 45 and the information is transferred to the POTS Control 44.

The POTS Control 44 queries the subscriber regarding the acceptance, priority features and status via the connection 33 at the OA&M device 32. - A positive response contains the identification (ID) and priority features of subscriber station 4 and, in a first scenario, that there is no IP connection to said subscriber station 4. In the case of this first scenario, POTS Control 44 requests connection 70 to Airinterface Control 68 via connection 70. • or, in a second scenario, that an IP connection to said subscriber station 4 and an IP Control 81 (FIG. 3) already exist. In the case of this second

Scenarios, the POTS Control 44 feeds a connection request via layer 3 47 and its separate service access point into layer 2 48. In the base station 1, the initialization of a POTS control 36 takes place in the case of the first scenario, in that the air interface control 64 transfers the connection request to the OA&M device 28 via the connection 31 and, if the latter is confirmed positively, via the connection 29

POTS Control 36 is instructed. In the case of the second scenario, a POTS Control 36 is initialized via the existing connection by the signaling being transferred from the Lyer 2 40 to the Layer 3 39 via the corresponding service access point. The POTS Control 36 makes a connection and channel request to the OA&M device 28 via the connection 29. From this point in time, the further procedure is identical to the procedure for an incoming call.

After positive feedback and channel assignment, POTS Control 44 generates a SETUP in subscriber station 4 and transfers it to layer 3 47 on the air interface side via the signaling connection. The rest of the procedure is carried out in accordance with typical telecommunications procedures. FIG. 3 shows the layer model of the Internet access network and its link to the POTS access network. Identical to FIG. 2, the columns of the illustration contain the elements 22 of the base station 1 (FIG. 1) relevant for the POTS and Internet access networks, the corresponding elements 23 of the subscriber stations 4 and the air interface 3. The rows of the illustration contain the different ones Planes, comprising the Management Plane 24, the Physical Signaling Plane 25 and the IP Plane 71. The Management Plane 24 has already been described in Figure 2. In addition, the OA&M device 28 additionally has a connection 72 to the IP control 74 in the base station 1 and the OA&M device 32 additionally has a connection 73 to the IP control 81 in the subscriber station 4. The physical signaling plane 25 has already been described in FIG. 2 , In addition, the air interface control 64 additionally has a connection 80 to the IP control 74 in the base station 1 and the air interface control 68 additionally has a connection 87 to the IP control 81 in the subscriber station 4. The IP tarpaulin 71 comprises the IP control 74 in the base station 1 the active IP connections, shown here only for such a connection. The IP Control 74 have connections 72 to the OA&M devices 28 and connections 80 to the Air Interface Control 64, an Internet-side protocol stack connected to the plurality of IP Control 74, comprising an IP address monitor 75 and an Ethernet protocol termination 76, which is an interface 14 for the Has connection to the router 15 (Figure 1). In the downward direction, the IP address monitor 75 takes over the IP packets fed out by the Ethernet protocol termination 76, analyzes their destination address and transfers the IP packets to the subscriber-related IP control (74) to which the respective destination address is assigned. The IP address monitor 75 takes over the IP packets fed out by the IP control (74), analyzes their destination address and transfers the IP packets to an external one

Destination address to the Ethernet protocol termination (76) or, in the case of a destination address within the access network, in the downlink direction for further transmission to one of the subscriber-related IP Controls (74) according to the above description, air interface-side protocol stacks connected to the IP Control 74, shown here only for such Connection comprising a SAR device 78, layer 2 40 and physical layer, the latter having a packet data connection 42 in the air interface 3. SAR device 78 is connected to it via one of three service access points of layer 2 40. Another service access point 79 is occupied with the signaling of layer 3 39 (FIG. 2) of a POTS connection, another service access point 30 is occupied with the OAM data traffic. The IP tarpaulin 71 further comprises an IP control 81 in the subscriber stations 4 with an active IP connection. The IP Control 81 has a connection 73 to the OA&M device 32 and a connection 87 to the Air Interface Control 68, a subscriber-side protocol stack connected to the IP Control 81. comprising an address change 82 and an Ethernet protocol termination 83, which has an interface 8 for connection to the participant's facilities. an air interface-side protocol stack connected to the IP Control 81, comprising a SAR device 85, layer 2 48 and physical layer, the latter having a packet data connection 42 in the air interface 3. SAR device 85 is connected to it via one of three service access points of layer 2 48. Another service access point 86 is assigned the signaling of layer 3 47 (FIG. 2) of a POTS connection, another service access point 34 is assigned the OAM

Traffic busy. The SAR devices 78 and 85 perform bidirectional segmentation and reassembly of the IP packets. A purely physical segmentation is carried out, which is not associated with a change in the datagram length, as is carried out between different network topologies. In this respect, segmentation is not associated with interventions in the protocol and header and can be described as transparent. The segmentation means that in the event of data transmission faults in the air interface through layers 240 and 48, only short data segments and not complete IP packets have to be transmitted repeatedly.

The Address Change 82 is optionally used. It translates the subscriber-specific addresses used in the IP access network into one or some addresses that are constant for all subscribers and vice versa. This avoids the fact that the address in the access network must be specifically communicated to the subscriber in any case and enables addresses in the IP access network to be changed without the subscriber having to develop on the basis of its activities. In this case it is only necessary that the new subscriber-specific address is entered in the address change 82 via the OA&M paths. The interaction of the facilities when establishing an IP connection for incoming traffic for a radio subscriber is as follows: A first IP packet that arrives via the Ethernet interface 14 is transferred from the Ethernet protocol terminator 76 to the IP Address Monitor 75, which checks the destination address and forwards the packet to the IP Control 81 corresponding to this destination address. - The IP Control 74 queries the subscriber regarding the acceptance and status via the connection 72 at the OA&M device 28.

A positive response contains the identification (ID) of the subscriber station 4 and a channel assignment and, in a first scenario, that there is no POTS connection of the said subscriber station 4. In the case of this first scenario, the IP Control 74 requests connection 80 from Airinterface Control 64 to establish the connection.

Or, in a second scenario, that a POTS connection of said subscriber station 4 and a POTS control 36 (FIG. 2) already exist. In the case of this second scenario, the IP Control 74 feeds a connection request into the layer 2 40 via the SAR device 78 and its separate service access point. In the case of this second scenario, the channel assignment also contains information about the POTS user data in the user

Tarpaulin 27 channel to be used In the subscriber station 4, the IP Control 81 is initialized in the case of the first scenario by transferring the connection request from the Airinterface Control 68 to the OA&M device 32 via the connection 35 and, if the latter is confirmed positively, via the connection 73 the IP Control 81 is instructed. In the case of the second scenario, the IP Control is initialized

81 via the existing connection by transferring the connection request and channel assignment from layer 248 via the corresponding service access point to the SAR device 85 and further to the IP Control 81. A status message is sent from the IP Control 81 to the OA&M device 32 via the connection 73. The interaction of the devices when establishing an IP connection when a radio subscriber is outgoing traffic takes place as described below:

A first IP packet that arrives via the Ethernet interface 8 is transferred from the Ethernet protocol termination 83 to the address change 82, which changes the sender address into the subscriber-specific network address and forwards the packet to the IP Control 81. - From the IP Control 81, the subscriber is queried via the connection 73 at the OA&M device 32 with regard to acceptance and status. A positive response contains the identification (ID) of the subscriber station 4 and, in a first scenario, that there is no POTS connection of the said subscriber station 4. In the case of this first scenario, the IP Control 81 requests the connection to the Airinterface Control 68 via connection 87.

Or, in a second scenario, that a POTS connection of said subscriber station 4 and a POTS control 44 (FIG. 2) already exist. In the case of this second scenario, the IP Control 81 feeds a connection request into the layer 2 48 via the SAR device 85 and its separate service access point. In the base station 1, an IP Control 74 is initialized in the case of the first scenario, in that the connection request to the OA & M is made by the Air Interface Control 64 via the connection 31. Transfer device 28 and upon positive confirmation by the latter via the connection 72, the IP control 74 is instructed. In the case of the second scenario, an IP Control 74 is initialized via the existing connection, in that the signaling is transferred from the Lyer 2 40 via the corresponding service access point to the SAR device 78 and further to the IP Control 74. A connection and channel request from the IP Control 74 via the connection 72 to the OA&M

Facility 28.

A positive response from the OA&M device 28 includes the channel assignment, which in the case of the second scenario additionally contains the information about the channel to be used for POTS user data in the user plane 27. The channel assignment is transmitted by the IP Control 74 in the case of the first scenario via the Air Interface Control 64 and in the case of the second scenario via the existing connection for POTS signaling to the subscriber station 4.

The case of incoming IP traffic is considered and implemented for two reasons:

Participants can have a public IP address for Exchange Server or Web Server and must therefore be accessible for incoming traffic. - An IP connection may have been disconnected due to inactivity and the new activity appears as incoming traffic.

The resource allocation for an IP connection takes place in three stages:

The default value when setting up an IP connection is the maximum capacity of a CDMA channel. This default value can be reduced by the resource manager in the OA&M device 28 when the network load is high.

If an IP connection is inactive and after a first timer has expired, the capacity allocated to this connection is reduced to a minimum value. If there is a POTS connection at the same time, only this remains and the IP connection is reactivated as described in the second scenario above. - If an IP connection remains inactive and after a second timer has expired, the capacity assigned to this connection is reduced to zero, and the IP Control 74 and 81 remain active.

The treatment of the data of the various services for transmission via the air interface 3 (FIG. 1) is summarized in Table 1. The columns contain the preparation of the respective data

Service from the protocol layer through the layer 2 data link layer and the physical layer to the send-capable signal. When the respective inverse processes begin, the upward direction is in the

Columns represent the reconstruction of the data of the respective service from the received signal via the physical layer, the layer 2 data link layer and the protocol layer.

Column 1 contains the handling of the data in the Physical Signaling Plane 25. The instances of the air interface

The protocol is layer 3 of protocol stacks 65 and 69 (FIG. 2). of the protocol stacks 65 and 69 and contain a backup by means of CRC 4. The air interface protocol itself, since it is not relevant to the invention, is not shown here.

Column 2 contains the treatment of the data of the Layer 1 control. The functionality and the integration of the

Data in the transfer is described below.

Column 3 contains the treatment of the data in the IP tarpaulin 71 (FIG. 3). As already described, no handling of the IP protocol is carried out. The instances of the SAR are SAR facilities 78 and 85.

The data backup instances are layers 2 40 and 48, each with a special service Access point is accessed.

Column 4 contains the treatment of the data of the management plane 24 (FIG. 2). The instances of the internal OA&M protocol and the SAR are components of the OA&M devices 28 and 32 and, since they are not relevant to the invention, are not shown here. The data backup instances are layers 2 40 and 48, each of which is accessed via a special service access point.

Table 1 column 5 contains the treatment of the data of the POTS signaling plane 25 (FIG. 2). The instances of the internal POTS protocol are layers 3 39 and 47. The data backup instances are layers 2 40 and 48, which are each accessed via a special service access point. The common layer 2 of the data corresponding to columns 3, 4 and 5 is an essential feature of the invention. The data packets supplied via the service access points are provided with a L2 header as a PDU. The next sub-layer is backed up with a CRC 8. For the subsequent serial transmission of this data, the next sub-layer is processed using SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol). The Layer 2 protocol is designed according to the state of the art and is therefore not described in detail. The method known as the "sliding window" is used, which is suitable for realizing an uninterrupted transmission without waiting times for receipts. Column 4 contains the treatment of the POTS user data of user plane 27 (FIG. 2). There is no treatment in a protocol and data link layer. The instances of the top layer of the physical layer in the three sub-columns correlate with the stacks 54 and 60 or 55 and 61 or 56 and 62 that can be used alternatively.

As of the status described above, the data of all services in accordance with columns 1 to 6 are treated together in the subsequent sub-layers of layer 1. This includes that Mapping into the channels, which results from the channel structure described below. Fault coding using an FEC, interleaving, CDMA and modulation are carried out in accordance with the prior art and are therefore not described in detail.

FIG. 4 describes the channel diagram of a specific embodiment of the invention when using CDMA in conjunction with TDM / TDMA and TDD. The code channels 90.0 to 90.n have a uniform channel structure.

The basic structure is a frame 91, divided into the downlink period 92, the uplink period 93 and a slot for

Runtime compensation and startup synchronization 94. Time axis 96 is also shown for a better overview. The downlink period 92 contains the transmissions of the base station 1 (FIG. 1) and the

Uplink period 93 the transmissions of the subscriber stations 4. To implement the TDM / TDMA, the frame is divided into 15 slots 95.0-95.14 (FIG. 4) of the same duration. The slots 95.0 - 95.6 are the

Downlink period 92 and the slots 95.8 - 95.14 assigned to the uplink period 93. In this channel structure, slot 95.7 is identical to the slot for runtime compensation and startup synchronization 94. For use in the duplex method, slots 95.i are in pairs according to the scheme (i, iä8) with i = 0..6 as each other

Assigned useful channels. FIG. 5 describes the structure of a multiframe_6 (MF_6) for a code channel, based on one

Channel scheme according to Figure 4, which is derived from the following usage scheme for the slots 95.0 -

95.6 and slots 95.8 - 95.14 results. A sequence of six frames 101.0 - 101.5 is shown, which together form an MF_6 100. The designation / counting for the frames of an MF_6 No. i is

MF_6 (i, 0..5), where i is the number of MF_6 within a hyperframe described below. FIG. 5 shows the identical ordering schemes for slots 95.0 to 95.6 and slots 95.8 to 95.14, explained using slots 95.0 to 95.6 as an example:

Slots 95.0 to 95.5 are used as primary slots for user data transmission and are the smallest unit that can be assigned to a connection. Multi-channel assignments to increase the transmission capacity of a connection are possible. - The slot 95.6 is assigned to the primary slots 95.0 to 95.5 in a modulo 6 manner, which results in an MF_6 100 comprising 6 frames. Thus slot 95.j and slot 95.6 are assigned to each other in frame MF_6 (i, j) as shown. The order scheme of slots 95.8 to 95.14 is adequate and with the same counting direction. These arrangement schemes are used in such a way that slot 95.6 is used exclusively for signaling, for connections that use separate signaling and to which only one slot is assigned for the transmission of user data. In the case of connections that use separate signaling and to which several slots are assigned for the transmission of user data, at least one slot 95.6 is used for the signaling, but further slots 95.6 are also used for the user data transmission depending on the specifications for the connection type. Thus, in a specific embodiment of the invention, all slots 95.0 to 95.5 of a code channel are assigned to a specific connection type, so that these connections also have all slots 95.6 of an MF_6. According to the stipulations, only the slot 95.6 of the first frame 101.0 in the MF_6 100 is used for signaling, and the slot 95.6 of all other frames in the MF_6 are used for the transmission of user data. In the case of connections that do not use special signaling, such as TCP / IP connections, the usage scheme is retained, but slot 95.6 is generally used for the transmission of user data. Slots 95.8 to 95.14 are used in the same way. FIG. 6 describes the classification of the special channels for synchronization and control as well as the protection time for the runtime compensation in the TDD and the channel scheme corresponding to FIG. 4. The pool of code channels 90 is shown for the duration of a frame 91. For a better overview, the time axis 96 is also shown shown. A BCH 110 (broadcast channel) is located in slot 95.0 in code channel 90.0 and an RÄCH 112 (random access channel) in slot 95.7. The eighth slot 115 is not used as intended in code channel 90.0.

It is also shown that the slot for runtime compensation and start-up synchronization 94 is occupied only by code RÄCH 112 in code channel 90.0, which is shortened compared to the slot duration so that the resulting gap is still sufficiently large for the runtime compensation. In all other code channels 90.1 to 90. n, the slot for runtime compensation and startup synchronization 94 is not used as intended.

The method according to the invention performs connection establishment and startup synchronization using the

BCH 110 and RÄCH 112 at subscriber stations that are currently not active

Have connection (see also the descriptions for Figure 2 and Figure 3). The procedural steps are: - the base station 1 (FIG. 1) sends a connection request for incoming traffic specifying the

Address (ID) of the called subscriber station 4 and the type of service in the BCH 110 (FIG. 6). The addressed subscriber station 4 replies in the RACH 112 of the same frame 91 by specifying it

Participants station ID. A hazard with transmissions from other subscriber stations 4 cannot occur since the broadcast of base station 1 in BCH 110 directed to a specific subscriber station causes transmissions to be blocked. or a subscriber station sends a connection request for outgoing traffic stating the address (ID) of the calling subscriber station 4 and the type of service in the RACH 112. A hazard with transmissions from other subscriber stations 4 can occur and then usually leads to the process being terminated as a result of mutual interference on the part of the subscriber station 4 Reception in the base station 1. The hazard parties are separated in such a way that each of these subscriber stations 4 generates a random number in the range between 0 and 15 and allows a number of frames corresponding to this number to elapse until the request is repeated. Random access by subscriber stations is permitted if the transmission of base station 1 in BCH 110 of the same frame was not addressed to another subscriber station or did not contain full load information or no general call barring.

Said random access of the subscriber stations 4 in the RÄCH 112 takes place at the earliest possible time after receipt of the downlink period 92. Due to the different distances between the base station 1 and the subscriber stations 4, the location of the RÄCH 112 is in the slot for runtime compensation and startup synchronization 94 when received in the base station 1 not fixed. 6 shows the position for a subscriber station 4 in the maximum permissible distance. The base station 1 can directly measure the distance of the transmitting subscriber station 4 from the measurement of the position of the RACH 112 close and calculate by how much the transmission of this base station has to be delayed so that the position of the RACH 112 is shifted into the position which corresponds to the representation in FIG. 6 and thus to the synchronization of the subscriber station 4 as a whole.

The further procedural steps are independent of the direction of the request as follows: the base station 1 measures the position of the RÄCH 112 in the slot for runtime compensation and startup synchronization

94. If the measurement is not sufficiently reliable due to an insufficient signal / signal-to-noise ratio, the

Base station 1 in subsequent frames 91 one or up to three repetitions of the procedure in the BCH

Instruct and carry out 110 / RÄCH 112. the base station 1 (FIG. 1) sends in a subsequent frame 91 in the BCH 110 to the subscriber station 4 the channel assignment and the instruction regarding the time delay of the transmissions, which was determined from the position of the RACH 112 in the slot for runtime compensation and startup synchronization 94. subscriber station 4 changes to the assigned channel and transmits with the assigned one

Delay. The slot 116 (FIG. 6) is of the type 95.6 (FIG. 5) and is linked to the BCH 110 via the MF_6 100 in the manner described there and is not included in the start-up synchronization method and other start-up procedures as described above. The same applies adequately for slot 118. There are two possible uses: a first use consists of using slot 116 for unidirectional broadcast transmissions of base station 1. a second use consists of using slot pair 116/118 for OA & M- or

Service purposes that only require a low transmission rate, as these slots in each MF_6 100

(Fig. 5) are only available once, each in frame MF_6 (i, 0).

Figure 7 shows the general structure of different slot types. The slot type 120 is in the downlink 92 (Figure 4) and in selected slots of the uplink according to the regulations of the multiframe 32 (see

Description below) uses and includes preamble symbols 122, reference symbols 123, a packed

Data Unit 121 (PDU) and a protection time 124. The protection time 124 (of the preceding slot) and the

Preamble symbols 122 are used to measure the channel impulse response. The reference symbols are optional and are used to determine the parameters for the coherent demodulation of the data. The preamble symbols 122 are uniform for the entire facility and are provided with a uniform one

Sequence sent. This sequence is not from the stock of the CDMA's code sequences

User data area selected. It follows that the preamble transmissions in downlink 92 (FIG. 4) due to the additive superimposition of the CDMA channels in base station 1 at the receiving subscriber stations

4 arrive with a high symbol energy. This leads to an improvement in the detection and synchronization of the incoming mail in the subscriber stations 4.

The slot type 125 is used in the uplink 93, except for the cases specified by the MF_32 130 (FIG. 8) in accordance with the description below. The difference to slot type 120 is that a guard time 126 takes the place of the preamble symbols 122.

Slot type 127 is only used as slot 95.7 in code channel 90.0 and includes the protection time for runtime compensation 128 and the RÄCH 112 (Figure 4) with preamble symbols 122, reference symbols 123, the ^» shortened packed data unit 129 and a protection time 124. FIG. 8 describes the structure and function of a multiframe_32 (MF_32) 130 for an embodiment of the invention with 32 code channels 90. FIG. 9 shows a section from FIG. 8 for better explanation. An MF_32 comprises 32 frames 91 (FIG. 4). The smallest common multiple of MF_32 and MF_6 is 96 and is used as a hyperframe that is used to uniquely address all elements in the frame structure, so that when using a common frame counter z = 0..95, MF_32 (0. .2) and a numbering of MF_6 (0..15) results. The individual slot in the MF_32 with these definitions has the designation MF_32 (i, j, k), where i is the number of the MF_32 (0..2), j the number of the frame 91 in the MF_32 with j = z mod 32 and k the Slot 95.k number, k = 8..14 mean. The function of an MF_32 130 is to create such a rule that each slot 95.k of each code channel 90 in the uplink 93 (FIG. 4) is assigned a time at which, at the beginning of this slot and exclusively this code channel, the transmission from a subscriber station 4 of preamble symbols 122. The preambles are transmitted by the subscriber station to which the slot in question is also assigned for use. FIG. 8 shows over the area of an entire MF_32 how this authorization is distributed cyclically over all code channels 90 and slots 95.8 to 95.14 in the uplink 93 (FIG. 4) such that each of the slots 95.8 to 95.14 in each code channel 90 at least once receives this authorization. The illustration contains only slots 95.8 to 95.14. These are, explained on code channel 31, the slots MF_32 (0,4,11) 131, MF_32 (0,9,8) 132, MF_32 (0,13,12) 133, MF_32 (0,18,9) 134 , MF_32 (0.22.13) 135 ,. MF_32 (0.27.10) 136 and MF_32 (0.31, 14) 137.

The relationship between counter reading z of the hyperframe, number of slot k and number of code channel c is given by the relationship c = ((z mod 32) * 7 + k-8) mod 32. In FIG. 9, the frames MF_32 (i, 0) 138 and MF_32 (i, 1) 139 are further resolved. For a counter reading z = 65 and the slot 11 in this frame, the relationship c = ((65 mod 32) * 7 + 11-8) mod 32 = 10 results from this relationship. The slot MF_32 (i, 1, 11) 140 intended for the transmission of the preamble symbols. The base station 1 transmits the status of the hyperframe counter as a broadcast transmission in slot 116 (FIG. 4) or filler information in signaling channels, if there is no other data to be transmitted. The status of the counter is thus updated at irregular intervals; in the meantime, the subscriber stations 4 continue to count freely. The structures of the packed data units 121 and 129 (FIG. 7) are described in detail in FIG. The PDU 121 has four possible modifications as

PDU 150, comprising a user data field 144, an L1 control field 145 and an FEC suffix 146,

PDU 151, comprising a user data field 144 and an L1 control field 145,

PDU 152, comprising only one user data field 144,

PDU 153, comprising a user data field 144 and an FEC suffix 146. The PDU 150 .. 151 have a constant length. The user data field 144 is generally present and varies in length depending on the presence or absence of the other elements. these are the L1 control field 145, which has a constant length. In the downward direction, the base station 1 is used for the control of the synchronization and transmission power of the transmissions of the subscriber stations 4. In the direction, the use is made for the transmission of parameters of the reception quality from the subscriber stations 4 to the base station 1. - the FEC suffix 146, which also has a constant length. The FEC suffix is a dedicated bit sequence that must be added to a user data block in order to have the user data block completely available again at the outputs of the FEC encoder and FEC decoder in burst mode. For an FEC with a constraint length c (c-1) bits are required for this. The PDU 129 exists only in a variant, consisting of a user data field 147, which is shortened by a factor of 2 compared to the user data fields 144, and an FEC suffix 146.

Figures 11 and 12 describe the formation of different types of traffic, which is achieved by using one or more contiguous slots 95, which are formed by using one or a combination of several different PDUs in said slots such that they are identical in each of the two transmission directions The transmission between base station 1 and a subscriber station 4 contains exactly one L1 control field 145 per frame 91 and exactly one FEC suffix 146 per traffic type. For processing by the transmitting and receiving FEC devices, a traffic type is considered and handled as described above as a coherent data burst, formed by the sum of the successive PDU, which is terminated with an FEC suffix 146. The result of this definition is that the traffic data content increases disproportionately in the case of traffic types that comprise several slots 95.

FIG. 11 shows the types of traffic which are used for the transmission of the user data from POTS connections or for connections of the layer 2 instances () in the event that there is no POTS connection simultaneously. A first traffic type 150 is identical to the PDU 150, comprising a user data field 144, an L1 control field 145 and an FEC suffix 146. The traffic type 150 occupies a slot 95 in the channel scheme (FIG. 4) and is used for POTS connections with compressed voice transmission in accordance with G.729 (see description for FIG. 2) and for stand-alone IP connections, which are due to inactivity in a first Level are reduced to minimum capacity (see description of Figure 3).

A second type of traffic 155 comprises a PDU 151 and a PDU 153 and occupies two successive slots 95 in the channel scheme (FIG. 4). The traffic type 155 is used for POTS connections in the case of fax transmissions according to T.38 (see description of Figure 2) and for stand-alone IP connections, if a larger capacity allocation per connection is not possible due to the high load on the system (see Description of Figure 3).

A third traffic type 156 comprises a PDU 151, at least one to a maximum of five PDU 152 and a PDU 153. The traffic type 156 occupies three to a maximum of seven slot 95 (FIG. 4) in the channel scheme and is used for a POTS connection with modem operation or standalone IP Connections (see descriptions of Figures 2 and 3). A traffic type with seven slots 95 results if the slots 95.0 to 95.5 are assigned to a connection and thus all slots 95.6 of an MF_6 100 (FIG. 5) are also assigned to this connection in accordance with specifications for the MF_6. FIG. 12 shows the types of traffic which are used for connections of layer 2 instances 40 and 48 in the event that a POTS connection exists simultaneously.

A first traffic type 153 is with the PDU 153, comprising a user data field 144 and an FEC suffix 146, identical. A second traffic type 157 has at least one to a maximum of five PDU 152 and a PDU 153. The traffic type 157 occupies two to a maximum of six slot 95 in the channel scheme (FIG. 4).

The integration into the operation of the system takes place in such a way that in the down direction 92 the data to be transmitted in the base station 1 - comprising the L2 instances 40, comprising the IP and OA&M data and POTS signaling data, comprising the data control 51 the user data of the POTS connections via the active one

Stack 54, 55, 56 are transferred from the CDMA receiving modules, comprising the L1 control data 145, to a mapping device (see Table 1), the said data not having to correlate with the lengths of the PDU and traffic types. The transferred data are classified by the mapping device into the traffic types and their PDU and transferred PDU-wise to the subsequent interleaving device for further processing and transmission. Reverse processes in the subscriber station 4 undo the processing of the data and

IP and OA&M data and POTS signaling data to L2 instance 48,

Transfer user data of the POTS connection via the respectively active stack 60, 61, 62 to the data control 58, and L1 control data to the CDMA transmission module. The procedure in the direction 93 is identical. In the two transmission directions, the data of the L2 instances 40 and 48, comprising the IP and OA&M data and POTS signaling data and the data control 51 and 58, comprising the useful data of the POTS connections via the respectively active stack, are identical in each case transmit separate traffic types, which are divided into the slots assigned to the respective subscriber station, for which the assignment and priority criteria described above (see description of FIGS. 2 and 3) are used, to which FECs can be assigned with different FEC rates, particularly advantageous if an FEC with higher error protection than that required for the transmission of voice is to be used for the transmission of data, and in which the L1 control data is transmitted together with the data of the Data Control 51 and 58 in the same traffic type when a POTS connection is established , The control takes place in that the data to be transmitted are transferred from the L2 instances 40 and 48 and the data control 51 and 58 to the mapping devices with a mapping header, including the information

Identifier of the sender instance (call reference),

Identifier of the subscriber station (ID),

Service identifier (POTS, Layer 2), - code channel (0 .. n), n = number of code channels, - number of slots (1 .. j), j = maximum number of slots Offset (0 .. 0-1)). Number of the first slot to be used

FEC rate, (for example 1/2, 3/4 or others), - L1 control (y / n), and which mapping header is used exclusively for controlling the mapping and is not transmitted, and the mapping devices the information of the mapping Also use headers for the treatment of the data of the respective receiving direction, its remapping and transmission to the L2 instances 40 and 48 and data control 51 and 58.

[1] Vicente Quilez, Head of RCD Fixed Radio Systems Department, Alcatel, Telecom 99 lnter @ ctive "Effiient provision of Internet in wireless access Systems"

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 base station

2 Base station antenna 3 Air interface

4 subscriber station

5 Antenna of the subscriber station

6 PSTN subscriber interface of the subscriber station

7 subscriber terminal 8 subscriber station Ethernet interface

9 Participant's computer or computer network

10 PCM interface of the base station

11 Optional controller boards

12 local exchange 13 PSTN (Publik Switched Telephone Network)

14 Base station Ethernet interface

15 routers

16 data line

17 ISP (Internet Service Provider) 18 Internet

19 OA&M Center

20 routers / proxy servers

21 Local OA&M facility

22 Elements of the base station 1 relevant to the POTS and Internet access networks (FIG. 1) 23 Elements of the subscriber station 4 relevant to the POTS and Internet access networks (FIG. 1)

24 Management plans

25 Physical Signaling Plane

26 POTS signaling tarpaulin

27 User Plane 28 OA&M facilities of base station 1

29 Connections between POTS Control 36 and OA&M facilities 28

30 Connections between Service Access Point of Layer 2 40 and the OA&M facility 28

31 Connection between OA&M device 28 and Airinterface Control 64

32 OA&M facilities of subscriber stations 4 33 Connection between POTS Control 44 and OA&M facility 32

34 Connection between Service Access Point of Layer 2 48 and the OA&M facility 32

35 Connection between OA&M device 32 and Airinterface Control 69

36 POTS Control in the base station 1

37 Protocol stack at the local exchange 38 Interface for signaling to the local exchange 12

39 Layer 3 on the air interface side in base station 1 Layer 2 layers of the active connections in the base station 1 service access point of layer 2 40 for IP data signaling connection in the air interface 3 connection between POTS Control 36 and User Control 51 in the base station 1 POTS Control in the subscriber station 4 protocol stack with converters and generators for the signaling to the analog end device Layer 3 on the air interface side in the subscriber station 4 Layer 2 with active connection in the subscriber station 4 service access point of Layer 2 48 for IP data connection between POTS Control 44 and User Control 58 in the subscriber station 1 User Control in the base station 1 stack with data transmission according to G.711 interface for B-channel data to the local exchange 12 stack with speech compression according to G.729 stack with data conversion according to T.38 for fax transmission stack with data transmission according to G.711 connection for user data in the air interface 3 user control in the Subscriber station 4 stack with A / D and D / A converter for r Signal transmission to the analogue terminal Stack with voice compression according to G.729 Stack with data conversion according to T.38 for fax transmission Stack with data transmission according to G.711 (virtual) actuation for closing and opening connections 42 and 57 in the Air Interface 3 Air Interface Control in the base station 1 Protocol stack of the Airinterface protocol in the base station 1 Organizational channel connection in the Airinterface 3 Connection between Airinterface Control 64 and POTS Control 36 Airinterface Control in the subscriber station 4 Protocol stack of the Airinterface protocol in the subscriber station 4 Connection between Airinterface Control 68 and POTS Control 44 IP plane connections between OA&M device 28 and the IP Control 74 in the base station 1 Connection between OA&M device 32 and IP Control 81 in the subscriber station 4 IP Control in the base station 1 IP Address Monitor Ethernet protocol termination in the base station 1 segmentation and reassembling in the base station 1 Service Access Point of Layer 2 40 for POTS signaling Connection between Airinterface Control 64 and the IP Control 74 in the base station 1 IP Control in the subscriber station 4 Address Translator 83 Ethernet protocol termination in subscriber station 4

85 Segmentation and reassembling in subscriber station 4

86 Service access point of layer 248 for POTS signaling

87 Connection between Airinterface Control 68 and IP Control 81 in subscriber station 4 90 code channels 0..n of the CDMA procedure

90. i code channel no. I of the CDMA method

91 duplex frame

92 downlink period in duplex frame

93 uplink period in duplex frame 94 slot for runtime compensation and startup synchronization

95 slots 0..15 of the TDMA procedure 95.i slot no. I of the TDMA procedure

96 timeline 100 multiframe_6 101 frames of an MF_6

101. i frame i of an MF_6

110 BCH_1, broadcast channel

112 RACH, Random Access Channel

115 Intended unused slot 116 the downlink signaling slot assigned to the BCH 112 in the MF_6

118 uplink signaling slot assigned to slot 115 in MF_6

120 slot type with preamble symbols

121 Packed Data Unit PDU

122 Preamble symbols 123 Reference symbols

124 Protection time for slot separation

125 slot type without preamble symbols

126 Protection time instead of preamble symbols

127 Slot type in slot 95.7 128 Protection time for runtime compensation

129 Shortened packed data unit of the RÄCH 112

130 multiframe_32

131 slot for synchronization measurement MF_32 (0,4,11)

132 slot for synchronization measurement MF_32 (0.9.8) 133 slot for synchronization measurement MF_32 (0.13, 12)

134 slot for synchronization measurement MF_32 (0.18.9)

135 slot for synchronization measurement MF_32 (0.22, 13)

136 slot for synchronization measurement MF_32 (0,27,10)

137 slot for synchronization measurement MF_32 (0.31, 14) 138 frame MF_32 (i, 0.8..14)

139 frame MF_32 (i, 1, 8..14) 140 slot MF_32 (i, 1, 11) of a multiframe_32

144 user data field

145 L1 control panel

146 FEC suffix 147 User data field of the PDU 129 of the RÄCH 112

150 PDU type, traffic type

151 PDU type

152 PDU type

153 PDU type, traffic type 154 Variable number of additional PDU type 152

155 type of traffic with a length of 2 slots

156 type of traffic with a length of more than 2 up to 7 slots, including an L1 control field 145

157 type of traffic with a length of more than 2 to 6 slots, without L1 control field 145

Claims

Expectations

1 Devices and methods for a wireless point-to-multipoint communication system, comprising a base station (1), an air interface (3) and a plurality of subscriber stations (4), the

Subscriber stations have both a subscriber interface (6) for access to the PSTN and an Ethernet interface (8) for access to the Internet, which can be used independently and simultaneously, and the communication system realizes separate access networks to the PSTN and the Internet, with the capacity distribution is adjusted depending on the load between the two access networks and the air interface works with DS CDM / CDMA and an embedded TDM / TDMA and TDD, characterized in that - the access network to the Internet is a virtual wireless LAN (Local Area Network) with a star structure, including an Internet-side one Ethernet connected to the base station and a large number of subscriber-side Ethernets connected to the subscriber stations, which work independently of one another and which are each connected by a bridge function implemented by the facilities of the base station and the respective subscriber station, in the access Network to the PSTN the signaling data and user data in separate physical

Channels are transmitted and monitoring is carried out in the user data channel, which monitors the data stream with regard to identification features for voice, fax or modem transmission, and in

Depending on the service detected, the capacity of the user data transmission and transmission mode are adapted dynamically, - the signaling data of the POTS connection, IP data and OA&M data intended for one subscriber station in each case are transmitted in a common physical channel and secured by a common layer 2 Resource manager in an OA&M facility (28) of the base station (1) carries out a permanent defragmentation of the channel assignment. 2 Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the access network to the Internet is a virtual wireless LAN with a star structure, with subscriber connections, each comprising a subscriber-related device IP Control (74), SAR device (78) and Layer 2 (40) in the base station (1), a connection (42) via the air interface (3), layer 2 (48), SAR device (85) and an IP control device (81) in the subscriber station (4), one with said IP control (81 ) connected Ethernet protocol termination (83) in the subscriber station, an Ethernet interface (8) in the subscriber station, the devices (9) of the subscriber connected to said Ethernet interface, and an Internet connection, comprising an ISP (17), a router (15 ) and a data connection (16) between said ISP and router, an Ethernet which is connected to said router and an Ethernet interface (14) of the base station, an Ethernet protocol termination (76) in de r base station, and a coupling between the subscriber connections to one another and to the Internet connection, comprising an address monitor device (75). 3 The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to realize the access network to the Internet, the Internet-side Ethernet between the base station (1) and router (15) and the subscriber-side Ethernet between the subscriber stations (4) and the facilities of the subscribers (9) work independently of each other and a transparent packet data transmission takes place between the two networks, in the downward direction

• Via the Ethernet interface (14) incoming IP packets are transferred from the Ethernet protocol termination (76) to the address monitor (75) which monitors the destination addresses and transfers the data packets to the subscriber-related IP control (74) to which the respective destination address is assigned is

• The IP packets are transmitted transparently from the IP control (74) via the air interface (3) to the IP control (81) of the respective subscriber station, and the IP packets are transferred from the IP control (81) to the Ethernet protocol termination (83) be, which carries out the output to the devices of the subscriber (9) via the Ethernet interface (8), and in the direction

IP packets arriving from the devices of the subscribers (9) are transferred from the Ethernet protocol termination (83) to the IP control (81) via the Ethernet interface (8),

The IP packets are transmitted transparently from the IP control (81) via the air interface (3) to the IP control (74) in the base station (1),

• The IP packets are transferred from the IP Control (74) to the Address Monitoring device (75), which monitors the destination addresses and the data packets at an external IP address to the Ethernet protocol termination (76) or at a destination address within the access network feeds in the downlink direction for further transmission according to the first part of the claim.

4 The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a TDD frame (91) each comprises a downlink period (92) and an uplink period (93) and each of these periods is divided into (n + 1) slots (95) and a specific one said slots in successive frames (101) are assigned to each of the other primary slots in a modulo n manner, resulting in a multiframe_N comprising n frames.

5 The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the subscriber-related transmission between the base station (1) and the respective subscriber stations (4) the transmission of signaling data of the POTS connection between the layer 3 instances (39) and (47), of packet data the IP connection between the IP Controls (74) and (81) and packet data of the OA&M connection between the OA&M devices (28) and (32) takes place via a common layer 2 and the said instances of the services each have their own service Access points are connected to said layer 2,

Packet data of the IP connection for transmission via said layer 2 are segmented by the SAR devices (78) and (85) in both transmission directions into packets with a maximum length and reassembled,

Packet data of the OA&M connection for transmission via said layer 2 as mentioned above SAR devices in the OA&M devices (28) and (32) in both transmission directions are each segmented into packets with a maximum length and reassembled, the layer 2 connection in the case of an exclusive POTS connection with user data transmission in a primary slot assigned to the slot which is assigned to said primary slot in accordance with the assignment scheme of the multiframes_N modulo n, the layer 2 connection in the case of an exclusive POTS connection with user data transmission in more than one primary slot is assigned to one of the slots which are assigned to the primary slots in accordance with the assignment scheme of the multiframes_N modulo n Slots are assigned to the Layer 2 connection in the case of an exclusive IP connection or OA&M connection or simultaneous IP and OA&M connection, primary slots including the slots are assigned, which are assigned according to the assignment scheme of the multiframe_N modulo n said primary slots, the layer 2 Connection in the case of simultaneous operation of a POTS connection with an IP and / or OA&M connection, primary slots including the slots are assigned, which are assigned in accordance with the assignment scheme of the multiframe_N modulo n said primary slots, plus the slots which are assigned in accordance with the assignment scheme of the Multifram_N modulo n are assigned to the primary slots for the user data transmission of the POTS connection, the Layer 2 connection in the case of simultaneous operation of a POTS connection with an IP and / or OA & M connection reduced to minimum capacity, one of the slots is assigned accordingly Assignment scheme of the Multiframe_N modulo n the primary slots for the

User data transmission of the POTS connection are assigned.

6 The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the capacity allocation to IP and / or OA&M connections provides as a default value a maximum capacity, which is usually the total capacity of a code channel (90), and said maximum capacity with a high system load by one

Resource manager in the OA&M device (28) of the base station (1) can be reduced in activity breaks after a first time-determined break to a minimum capacity, which in activity breaks after a second time-determined break, which is greater than the aforementioned first break , is reduced to the value zero, and increased again to the default value when the activity resumes, or a new physical

Connection is established with assignment of the default value.

7 Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the user plane (27) of the access network to the PSTN for each POTS connection a data control (51) in the base station (1) and a data control (58) in the subscriber station (4) comprises the connection between the two said instances via three stacks connected to them and to be used alternatively in pairs, each of the first stacks (54) and (60) with devices for voice compression, second stacks (55) and (61) devices for fax transmission according to T.38, • and third stacks (56) and (62) include devices for transmission according to G.711, the user control (51) via a stack (52) for transmission to G.711 with a B channel (53) of the transmission device to the PSTN and the user control (58) via a stack (59), comprising D / A and A / D converter, is connected to the analog a / b output (6) of the subscriber station. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when setting up a POTS connection, a minimum capacity is assigned as a default value, which is matched to the voice transmission according to the method of voice compression used, and a transmission via the stacks (54) and (60) takes place , the devices User Control (51) and (58) monitor the data stream during an existing POTS connection and

• If a fax transmission is initiated, arrange for a capacity allocation for a transmission with more than 14.4 kbps and switch to stacks (55) and (61) after the capacity allocation has been carried out,

• and, in the event of the initiation of a modem transmission, arrange for capacity allocation for a transparent transmission of the 64 kbps data stream, and after this

Switch capacity allocation to stacks (56) and (62) for further transmission. 9 Device and method according to claim 1, characterized in that a resource manager in the OA&M device (28) of the base station (1) with the POTS Control (36) of the active POTS connections, the IP Control (74) of the active IP Connections and the Airinterface Control (64) is connected, maintains a channel assignment table and initiates a channel assignment when the connection is established due to a request coming from the Airinterface Control (64), initiated by the POTS Control (44) or IP Control (81) executes the POTS Control (36) or IP Control (74) instances according to the requested connection type, - when establishing an incoming connection, when changing the capacity requirement or when an existing connection is terminated due to one of the instances POTS Control (36) or IP Control ( 74) incoming request carries out a first channel assignment or change or deletion of a channel assignment to the requesting entity when reached the limit load of the system or upon termination of this state, the default values of the channel assignment for existing and newly established IP connections are reduced or reset to the default value and a corresponding change in the channel assignment is made to the instances POTS Control (36) or IP Control (74), when defragmenting the channel assignment table, a channel re-assignment to the instances POTS Control (36) and / or IP Control (74) is carried out in such a way that a maximum number of unused code channels (90) is created by connections which do not have the full capacity of a

Occupy code channels (90), are assigned to other code channels until these code channels are fully occupied. CHANGED REQUIREMENTS

[Received at the International Office on February 20, 2002 (February 20, 2002); original claims 1-9 replaced by new claims 1-6 (5 pages)]

1 method for a wireless point-to-multipoint communication system with a combination of access networks to the PSTN and to the Internet, which communication system comprises a base station (1), an air interface (3) and a plurality of subscriber stations (4), the subscriber stations of which are both via a subscriber interface (6) for access to the PSTN and an Ethernet interface (8) for access to the Internet, which can be used independently and simultaneously, and the capacity distribution between the two access networks is adjusted depending on the load and the air interface with DS CDM / CDMA and an embedded one TDM / TDMA and TDD works, characterized in that in the access network to the Internet

a first base station-side Ethernet (14) and a plurality of subscriber-side second Ethernets are formed,

- between the two Ethernets, subscriber-specific data transmissions take place on the basis of a transparent transmission of IP packets, - one or more intra-network non-public IP addresses are assigned to the subscribers / subscriber stations for the subscriber-specific transmission, and one or more of these intra-network addresses at the transition point to the external network can be converted into public addresses by a router,

- An IP address monitor (75) is switched on in the base station in the transparent transmission of the IP packets, which in the downlink direction assigns the IP packets to the respective subscriber-specific connections and which in the uplink direction redirects this IP in the case of network-internal destination addresses. Makes packets in the downlink direction and enables such a virtual LAN,

- The transmission of the IP packets in the air interface is segmented into packets of maximum length and this maximum length is less than the maximum length of IP packets,

- The partial packets resulting from the segmentation of the IP packets are multiplexed with data packets from other services, OA&M and signaling of the POTS connections and this multiplex signal is subjected to a data backup for transmission via the air interface, and for this purpose - said first Ethernet (14) via a Router (15) and a data line (16) are connected directly to the server of an ISP (17),

- the said router exchanges data with the base station (1) via the first Ethernet and the Ethernet in the base station is completed with an Ethernet protocol stack (76),

- said Ethernet protocol stack • transparently feeds out IP packets in the downlink direction and transfers to the IP address monitor (75) which IP address monitor is responsible for assigning the IP packets to the respective subscriber-specific IP Control (74), • in the uplink direction IP Receives packets transparently from the subscriber-specific IP

Control (74) are transmitted via the IP address monitor (75), and which IP address monitor checks the destination addresses in the headers of the packets and one for network-internal destination addresses

Redirection of these IP packets in the downlink direction to the address addressed with them performs subscriber-specific IP control (74) and otherwise transfers it to the Ethernet protocol stack (76) of the base station,

- said subscriber-specific IP Control (74) of the base station

• Initiate setup and clear-down of the connections to the specific subscriber stations (4) and • IP packets via a segmentation and reassembling device (78), which carries out a SAR between the IP packet lengths and subpackets of an adjustable maximum length, and a service access point (41) exchange with a data link layer L2 (40),

a secure bidirectional transmission is carried out between said data protection layer L2 (40) of the base station via physical layer and air interface and a data protection layer L2 (48) of the respective subscriber station,

- said data link layer L2 (48) of the subscriber station communicates with the IP control (81) of the subscriber station via a service access point (49) and a segmentation and reassembling device (85),

- said IP control of the subscriber station • initiates the establishment of connections to the base station (1) and

• transparently exchanges IP packets with an Ethernet protocol stack (83) of the subscriber station, in a special embodiment additionally with the interposition of an address translator (82), which converts the different network-internal IP address (es) for each subscriber into one or exchanges the same IP address (es) for all participants, - from said Ethernet protocol stack of the participant station via an Ethernet interface (8) and a second Ethernet provided in this way, the data transfer from / to the computer or computer network (9) of the participant is carried out.

2 Method according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that in the access network to the PSTN for transmission via the air interface

- The signaling data and user data are assigned to separate physical channels in such a way that the transmission capacity for user data can be dynamically changed independently without affecting the transmission capacity allocated for the transmission of the signaling, - The signaling of the POTS connections with data packets from other services, OA&M and by segmenting the Multipackets resulting from IP packets are multiplexed and this multiplex signal is subjected to data backup for transmission via the air interface,

a minimum capacity for the transmission of a compressed voice signal is assigned as default to each POTS connection when it is set up and corresponding vocoders are switched into the transmission path for compression,

- Monitoring takes place in the user channel, which monitors the data stream with regard to identification features for modem or fax transmission and

• if a modem transmission is announced, switch to transparent transmission of a 64 kbps B-channel and a corresponding transmission capacity is assigned, or ^• if a fax transmission is announced, an analog conversion with subsequent

Demodulation, transmission of this baseband signal as a bit sequence and adequate reconversion is carried out on the respective receiving side and a corresponding transmission capacity is allocated, which is approximately a factor of 4 less than the capacity of a 64 kbps B channel.

3 method according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the TDD method with an embedded TDM / TDMA a TDD frame (91) each with a downlink period

(92) and an uplink period (93) and each of these periods is subdivided into (n + 1) slots (95) and a certain one of said slots in successive frames (101) rotating modulo n each of the other slots, referred to as primary slots, is assigned and this results in a multiframe_N comprising n frames.

4 Method according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that in the subscriber-related transmission between the base station (1) and the respective subscriber stations (4) the transmission of signaling data of the POTS connection between the layer 3 instances (39) and ( 47), of packet data of the IP connection between the IP Control (74) and (81) and of packet data of the OA&M connection between the OA&M devices (28) and (32) via a common data protection layer and

the said instances of the services are each connected to the layer 2 instance (40) of the base station and the layer 2 instance (48) of the subscriber station via their own service access points,

- the data transferred from the various services via the SAP is multiplexed in the layer 2 instances and the multiplexed signal is transmitted via the data link layer,

Packet data of the IP connection for the transmission over said layer 2 are segmented by the SAR devices (78) and (85) in both transmission directions into packets with a maximum length and reassembled again,

Packet data of the OA&M connection for transmission via said layer 2 by the SAR devices in the OA&M devices (28) and (32) in both transmission directions are segmented as packets with a maximum length and reassembled again,

the layer 2 connection in the case of an exclusive POTS connection with user data transmission in a primary slot is assigned to the slot, which is assigned to said primary slot in accordance with the assignment scheme of the Multiframes_N modulo n,

- the layer 2 connection in the case of an exclusive POTS connection with user data transmission in more than one primary slot is assigned to one of the slots which are assigned to said primary slots in accordance with the assignment scheme of the multiframes_N modulo, - the layer 2 connection in the case of an exclusive IP Connection or OA&M connection or simultaneous IP and OA&M connection primary slots including the slots are assigned, which are assigned to said primary slots in accordance with the assignment scheme of the Multiframes_N modulo n,

- In the case of simultaneous operation of a POTS connection with an IP and / or OA&M connection, the layer 2 connection is assigned primary slots including the slots, which according to the assignment scheme of the Multiframes_N modulo n said primary slots are assigned, plus the slots which are assigned to the primary slots for the user data transmission of the POTS connection in accordance with the assignment scheme of the multiframes_N modulo n,

- In the case of simultaneous operation of a POTS connection with an IP and / or OA & M connection reduced to a minimum capacity, the layer 2 connection is assigned to one of the slots, which according to the assignment scheme of the Multiframes_N modulo n the primary slots for the

User data transmission is assigned to the POTS connection.

5 The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the capacity allocation to IP and / or OA&M connections - as a default value provides a maximum capacity, which is usually the total capacity of a code channel (90), and said maximum capacity with a high system load by a resource manager can be reduced in the OA&M device (28) of the base station (1),

- in activity breaks after a time-determined first break is reduced to a minimum capacity - in activity breaks after a time-determined second break, which is greater than the aforementioned first break, is reduced to the value zero,

- and when the activity resumes in the phase of the second break, increased to the default value or in the phase after the second break a new physical connection is established with assignment of a default value.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a resource manager in the OA&M device (28) of the base station (1) with the POTS Control (36) of the active POTS connections, the IP Control (74) of the active IP Connections and the Airinterface Control (64) is connected, a channel assignment table is maintained and - when a connection is established based on a request coming from the Airinterface Control (64), initiated by the POTS Control (44) or IP Control (81) instances of a subscriber station performs a channel assignment to the POTS Control (36) or IP Control (74) instances assigned to the relevant subscriber station in the base station according to the connection type requested, - when an incoming connection is established, when the capacity requirement changes or when an existing connection is terminated due to one of the POTS Control (36) or IP Control (74) requests a first channel assignment or change o performs the deletion of a channel assignment to the requesting entity,

- When the limit load of the system is reached or when this state is ended, the default values of the channel assignment for existing and newly established IP connections are reduced or reset to the standard value and the channel assignment is changed accordingly to the IP Control (74) instances,

- For defragmentation of the channel assignment table, a channel re-assignment to the instances POTS Control (36) and / or IP Control (74) is carried out in such a way that a maximum number of unused code channels (90) is created by connections which, on their own or together with other connections not the full capacity of a former code channel to be assigned to other code channels until these code channels are fully occupied, or by redirecting other connections to the first code channel which is fully occupied.