EP1330320A1 - Method and device for the production of a workpiece with internal toothing, in particular a hollow wheel - Google Patents

Method and device for the production of a workpiece with internal toothing, in particular a hollow wheel

Info

Publication number
EP1330320A1
EP1330320A1 EP01992620A EP01992620A EP1330320A1 EP 1330320 A1 EP1330320 A1 EP 1330320A1 EP 01992620 A EP01992620 A EP 01992620A EP 01992620 A EP01992620 A EP 01992620A EP 1330320 A1 EP1330320 A1 EP 1330320A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
preform
during
pressure
mandrel
counter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01992620A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1330320B1 (en
Inventor
Aribert Schwager
Fritz Bleyl
Manfred Kammerer
Klaus Siegert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungsgesellschaft Umformtechnik mbH
Original Assignee
Forschungsgesellschaft Umformtechnik mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungsgesellschaft Umformtechnik mbH filed Critical Forschungsgesellschaft Umformtechnik mbH
Priority to EP06007394A priority Critical patent/EP1700651A1/en
Publication of EP1330320A1 publication Critical patent/EP1330320A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1330320B1 publication Critical patent/EP1330320B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for producing a workpiece with internal teeth, in particular a ring gear, according to the preamble of the first claim.
  • Internal gears of this type are produced, for example, by pressure rolling.
  • a cup-shaped preform is gem.
  • DE 198 30 817 AI pressed by means of tapered rollers during a feed movement against a tool chuck, which has the outer profile of the internal toothing to be produced, and reduced in diameter, the preform rotating relative to the tapered rollers.
  • the material of the cylinder wall area of the preform flows into the profile of the tool chuck, which creates the inner profile of the workpiece. Disadvantages are the high flexing work during the press-rolling process and the inadequate quality of the internal teeth.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for the energy-saving production of a workpiece with internal teeth, in particular a ring gear, which ensure a substantial increase in productivity with a high quality of the internal teeth with a relatively simple design of the device.
  • the device for producing a workpiece with internal toothing in particular a ring gear for gears, has a mandrel with an outer profile corresponding to the internal toothing to be produced, as well as a forming tool which reduces the outer diameter of a cup-shaped preform during a feed movement, whereby material of the cylinder wall area into the outer profile of the thorn flows.
  • a drawing ring is used as the forming tool, which ensures ironing of the cylinder wall area during a feed movement.
  • an axially movable counter-holder In the direction of the underside of the bottom of the preform, an axially movable counter-holder is arranged such that it acts on the underside of the bottom of the preform with a counter-holding force during ironing.
  • the counter-holder can have a circular pressure surface pointing towards the underside of the base, which acts essentially on the entire base region, or an annular pressure surface, which is adapted to the width of the cylinder wall of the preform and is essentially aligned with it and towards the edge region the bottom of the bottom of the preform acts.
  • an axially movable pressure stamp In the direction of the end face of the cylindrical side wall of the preform, an axially movable pressure stamp is arranged such that it acts on the end face with a compressive force during the ironing.
  • the pressure stamp can be moved axially during the ironing by a movement corresponding to the ironing length of the preform in the direction of the feed movement of the drawing ring.
  • the axial stroke movement of the pressure plunger which takes place during the ironing is advantageously controllable as a function of its pressure force.
  • the pressure ram is mounted so that it can move axially via a hydraulic piston.
  • the device can advantageously be integrated into a hydraulic press consisting of a press table and a press ram.
  • the mandrel is arranged axially fixed on the press table and on the mandrel, axially displaceable via a hydraulic piston, the pressure stamp is mounted.
  • the drawing ring is preferably fixed to the frame and the counter-holder is preferably axially movable via a hydraulic piston.
  • the pressure stamp is preferably designed as a cylindrical pressure sleeve.
  • the distance of the pressure surface of the pressure stamp to the end surface of the mandrel, which is adapted to the length of the preform, can be set, for example, using spacer rings.
  • the mandrel is rotatably supported when producing helical teeth.
  • the workpiece is produced with internal teeth, in that a cup-shaped preform with a bottom and an essentially cylindrical side wall is reduced in its outer diameter over a mandrel which has the outer profile corresponding to the internal teeth to be produced, so that the material of the Cylinder wall area flows into the outer profile of the mandrel, wherein according to the invention the outer diameter is reduced by ironing by means of a drawing ring.
  • axial compressive stresses are applied to the cylindrical side wall of the preform, so that the material flow into the profile of the mandrel is promoted.
  • the axial Compressive stresses are preferably applied by a pressure stamp acting on the end face of the cylinder wall.
  • a counterholder acts on the underside of the floor in order to avoid deformations in the floor area and to apply a counterholder force.
  • the counterholder force of the counterholder and the force of the plunger should be controllable relative to one another in such a way that a material flow in the radial direction is ensured during the entire ironing process in order to completely fill the contour of the mandrel.
  • the pressure stamp carries out an axial stroke movement corresponding to the ironing length of the preform in the direction of the feed movement of the drawing ring, which is regulated as a function of its compressive force.
  • Fig. 1 Device with inserted preform before
  • FIG. 2 device during ironing
  • Fig. 3 device with inserted preform and material overflow in the counter holder in front of the
  • the press base 1 has the lower tool part 2, which has a first hydraulic piston 3. At the
  • Lower tool part 2 is axially fixed over a
  • Stamp 4 of the mandrel 5 attached which has an outer profile 6.
  • An ejector 7 runs in the center of the punch 4 and in the mandrel 5.
  • the pressure punch 9 designed as a pressure sleeve is mounted on the hydraulic piston 3 via an adapter 8 so that it can move axially.
  • the axial position of the Druckste pels 9 can be changed over distances 10 which can be attached between the adapter 8 and the plunger 9.
  • the upper tool part 11 is arranged on the press ram P and has a counter-holder 12 which is axially adjustable via a second hydraulic piston 13.
  • the drawing ring 14 is also fixed to the press ram by means of an adapter 15.
  • the cup-shaped preform N was inserted with the cylindrical edge N1 downward over the mandrel 5, so that the end face N2 points in the direction of the pressure stamp 9 and the underside of the base N3 in the direction of the counter-holder 12.
  • the hydraulic piston 13 moves the counter holder 12 in the direction of the lower part of the tool until the counter holder 12 rests on the underside of the base N3.
  • the drawing ring 14, which is fixed to the press ram P, moves in the preliminary stroke with the press ram P in the direction of the press table 1, at the same time the first hydraulic piston 3 is pressurized and presses the pressure ram 9 with the force Fl against the end face N2 of the preform N (FIG. 2).
  • the counter-holder 12 exerts a counter-holder force F2 on the bottom of the cup.
  • the plunger 9 executes a movement in the direction of the forward stroke of the drawing ring 14 in accordance with the ironing of the preform N, the pressure acting on the wall N2 being maintained by the forces F1 and F2.
  • the material flow is favored so that material flows reliably into the profile 6 of the mandrel 5. This ensures an excellent quality of the internal teeth.
  • the upper tool part 11 moves upwards and the workpiece is released from the mandrel 5 via the ejector 7, which is rotatably mounted with helical teeth.
  • the counter-holder 12 has a pressure piece 12.1 in the direction of the workpiece N, which is also reduced in diameter in the direction of the workpiece N, so that a gap is formed between the pressure piece 12.1 and the adapter 15, into which the excess material can flow and which therefore acts as Material overflow 12.2 is used.
  • FIG. 5 it is also possible to arrange a further material overflow 12.3 at the end of the cylindrical wall in addition to the material overflow 12.2 provided in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the gap between the outer diameter of the pressure stamp 9 and the inner diameter of the drawing ring 14 can be used for this purpose.
  • an increased axial pressure is applied for calibration in order to achieve better filling and a higher accuracy of the internal toothing. Any excess material can flow away as described above.
  • the piston 3, which is guided in the cylinder 3.1 is in its lowest position.
  • the increased pressure can now be applied, for example, by the pressure ram 9 being connected via an intermediate piece Z, which has a thread G on its outer diameter and is also connected to a threaded ring Gl, which in turn rests on the cylinder 3.1 and thus on the lower tool part 2 supports the press table 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for the production of a workpiece with internal toothing, in particular a hollow wheel, by using a cup-shaped preform (N), with an essentially cylindrical side wall (N1) and a drift (5), with an outer profile corresponding to the internal toothing to be produced and a moulding tool which reduces the outer diameter of the cylindrical sidewall during a feed motion, whereby material from the cylinder wall region flows into the outer profile (6) of the drift (5). According to the invention, the moulding tool is in the form of a drawing die (14) which guarantees a stretch forming of the cylinder wall region (N1) and that two tool elements, producing an axial pressure in the cylinder wall region (N1) of the preform, engage with the preform during the stretch forming. A reduction in the outer diameter by stretch forming using a drawing die occurs in the method, whereby additional axial pressure is brought to bear on the cylindrical sidewall of the preform during the stretch forming.

Description

Besch ibungDescription
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Werkstückes mit Innenverzahnung, insbesondere eines HohlradesMethod and device for producing a workpiece with internal teeth, in particular a ring gear
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Werkstückes mit Innenverzahnung, insbesondere eines Hohlrades, nach dem Oberbegriff des ersten Patentanspruchs. Derartige Innenverzahnungen werden beispielsweise durch Drückwalzen erzeugt. Eine napfförmige Vorform wird dabei gem. DE 198 30 817 AI mittels Kegelrollen während einer Vorschubbewegung gegen ein Werkzeugfutter gedrückt, welches das Außenprofil der zu erzeugenden Innenverzahnung aufweist, und im Durchmesser reduziert, wobei die Vorform relativ zu den Kegelrollen rotiert. Der Werkstoff des Zylinderwandbereiches der Vorform fließt dabei in das Profil des Werkzeugfutters, wodurch das Innenprofil des Werkstücks erzeugt wird. Nachteilig ist die den Werkstückwerkstoff beanspruchende hohe Walkarbeit beim Drückwalzen und die damit ungenügende Qualität der erzeugten Innenverzahnung. Mit der Walkarbeit ist ebenfalls ein hoher lokaler Energieeintrag verbunden, welcher zu Energieverlusten führt. Durch die hohe Beanspruchung des Werkzeugfutters kommt es häufig zu einem Ausbrechen der darin abgebildeten Außenverzahnung. Weiterhin ist die Produktivität dieses Verfahrens bei einem hohen Vorrichtungsaufwand relativ gering, denn es können nur 3 bis 4 Teile pro Minute gefertigt werden. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur energiesparenden Herstellung eines Werkstückes mit Innenverzahnung, insbesondere eines Hohlrades, zu schaffen, die bei einer relativ einfachen konstruktiven Ausführung der Vorrichtung eine wesentliche Steigerung Produktivität bei hoher Qualität der Innenverzahnung gewährleisten.The invention relates to a method and a device for producing a workpiece with internal teeth, in particular a ring gear, according to the preamble of the first claim. Internal gears of this type are produced, for example, by pressure rolling. A cup-shaped preform is gem. DE 198 30 817 AI pressed by means of tapered rollers during a feed movement against a tool chuck, which has the outer profile of the internal toothing to be produced, and reduced in diameter, the preform rotating relative to the tapered rollers. The material of the cylinder wall area of the preform flows into the profile of the tool chuck, which creates the inner profile of the workpiece. Disadvantages are the high flexing work during the press-rolling process and the inadequate quality of the internal teeth. A high local energy input is also associated with the flexing work, which leads to energy losses. Due to the high stress on the tool chuck, the external toothing shown therein often breaks out. Furthermore, the productivity of this method is relatively low with a high outlay on equipment, since only 3 to 4 parts per minute can be produced. The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for the energy-saving production of a workpiece with internal teeth, in particular a ring gear, which ensure a substantial increase in productivity with a high quality of the internal teeth with a relatively simple design of the device.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des 1. und 13. Patentanspruchs gelöst. Die Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Werkstückes mit Innenverzahnung, insbesondere eines Hohlrades für Getriebe, weist einen Dorn mit einem Außenprofil entsprechend der zu erzeugenden Innenverzahnung auf, sowie ein Umformwerkzeug, welches während einer Vorschubbewegung den Außendurchmesser einer napfförmigen Vorform reduziert, wodurch Werkstoff des Zylinderwandbereiches in das Außenprofil des Dorns fließt. Erfindungsgemäß findet als Umformwerkzeug ein Ziehring Anwendung, der bei einer Vorschubbewegung ein Abstreckziehen des Zylinderwandbereiches gewährleistet. In Richtung zur Unterseite des Bodens der Vorform ist ein axial beweglicher Gegenhalter derartig angeordnet, daß er während des Abstreckziehens auf die Unterseite des Bodens der Vorform mit einer Gegenhalterkraft wirkt. Der Gegenhalter kann dabei eine in Richtung zur Unterseite des Bodens weisende kreisförmige Druckfläche aufweisen, die im wesentlichen auf den gesamten Bodenbereich wirkt, oder eine ringförmige Druckfläche, die der Breite der Zylinderwandung der Vorform angepaßt und im wesentlichen fluchtend zu dieser ausgerichtet ist und auf den Randbereich der Unterseite des Bodens der Vorform wirkt. In Richtung zur Stirnfläche der zylindrischen Seitenwandung der Vorform ist ein axial beweglicher Druckstempel derartig angeordnet, daß er während des Abstreckziehens auf die Stirnfläche mit einer Druckkraft wirkt. Der Druckstempel ist dabei während des Abstreckziehens um eine, der Abstrecklänge der Vorform entsprechende, Bewegung in Richtung der Vorschubbewegung des Ziehrings axial bewegbar. Vorteilhafter Weise ist die während des Abstreckziehens erfolgende axiale Hubbewegung des Druckstempels in Abhängigkeit von dessen Druckkraft regelbar. Dazu wird der Druckstempel über einen Hydraulikkolben axial beweglich gelagert.This object is achieved with the features of claims 1 and 13. The device for producing a workpiece with internal toothing, in particular a ring gear for gears, has a mandrel with an outer profile corresponding to the internal toothing to be produced, as well as a forming tool which reduces the outer diameter of a cup-shaped preform during a feed movement, whereby material of the cylinder wall area into the outer profile of the thorn flows. According to the invention, a drawing ring is used as the forming tool, which ensures ironing of the cylinder wall area during a feed movement. In the direction of the underside of the bottom of the preform, an axially movable counter-holder is arranged such that it acts on the underside of the bottom of the preform with a counter-holding force during ironing. The counter-holder can have a circular pressure surface pointing towards the underside of the base, which acts essentially on the entire base region, or an annular pressure surface, which is adapted to the width of the cylinder wall of the preform and is essentially aligned with it and towards the edge region the bottom of the bottom of the preform acts. In the direction of the end face of the cylindrical side wall of the preform, an axially movable pressure stamp is arranged such that it acts on the end face with a compressive force during the ironing. The pressure stamp can be moved axially during the ironing by a movement corresponding to the ironing length of the preform in the direction of the feed movement of the drawing ring. The axial stroke movement of the pressure plunger which takes place during the ironing is advantageously controllable as a function of its pressure force. For this purpose, the pressure ram is mounted so that it can move axially via a hydraulic piston.
Die Vorrichtung kann vorteilhafter Weise in eine hydraulische Presse, bestehend aus einem Pressentisch und einem Pressenstößel integriert sein. Dabei ist am Pressentisch der Dorn axial feststehend angeordnet und auf dem Dorn, axial über einen Hydraulikkolben verschiebbar, der Druckstempel gelagert. Am Pressenstößel sind der Ziehring vorzugsweise gestellfest und der Gegenhalter vorzugsweise über einen Hydraulikkolben axial beweglich angeordnet. Der Druckstempel ist bevorzugt als eine zylindrische Drückhülse ausgebildet. Der, der Länge der Vorform angepaßte, Abstand der Druckfläche des Druckstempels zur der Stirnfläche des Dorns ist z.B. über Distanzringe einstellbar. Zum Auswerfen des Werkstücks wird der Dorn bei Herstellung einer Schrägverzahnung drehbar gelagert.The device can advantageously be integrated into a hydraulic press consisting of a press table and a press ram. The mandrel is arranged axially fixed on the press table and on the mandrel, axially displaceable via a hydraulic piston, the pressure stamp is mounted. On the press ram, the drawing ring is preferably fixed to the frame and the counter-holder is preferably axially movable via a hydraulic piston. The pressure stamp is preferably designed as a cylindrical pressure sleeve. The distance of the pressure surface of the pressure stamp to the end surface of the mandrel, which is adapted to the length of the preform, can be set, for example, using spacer rings. To eject the workpiece, the mandrel is rotatably supported when producing helical teeth.
Verfahrensgemäß erfolgt die Herstellung des Werkstückes mit Innenverzahnung, dadurch, daß eine napfförmige Vorform, mit einem Boden und einer im wesentlichen zylindrischen Seitenwandung, über einem Dorn, welcher das Außenprofil entsprechend der zu erzeugenden Innenverzahnung aufweist, in ihrem Außendurchmesser reduziert wird, so daß Werkstoff des Zylinderwandbereiches in das Außenprofil des Dorns fließt, wobei erfindungsgemäß das Reduzieren des Außendurchmessers durch Abstreckziehen mittels eines Ziehringes erfolgt. Während des Abstreckziehens werden axiale Druckspannungen auf die zylindrische Seitenwandung der Vorform aufgebracht, so daß der Werkstofffluß in das Profil des Dorns begünstigt wird. Die axialen Druckspannungen werden bevorzugt durch einen, auf die Stirnseite der Zylinderwandung wirkenden, Druckstempel aufgebracht. An der Unterseite des Bodens wirkt dabei gleichzeitig ein Gegenhalter, um Deformationen im Bodenbereich zu vermeiden und eine Gegenhalterkraft aufzubringen. Die Gegenhalterkrafft des Gegenhalters und die Kraft des Druckstempels sollten derart zueinander regelbar sein, daß während des gesamten Abstreckvorganges ein Werkstofffluß in radialer Richtung zum vollständigen Ausfüllen der Kontur des Dorns gewährleistet ist.According to the method, the workpiece is produced with internal teeth, in that a cup-shaped preform with a bottom and an essentially cylindrical side wall is reduced in its outer diameter over a mandrel which has the outer profile corresponding to the internal teeth to be produced, so that the material of the Cylinder wall area flows into the outer profile of the mandrel, wherein according to the invention the outer diameter is reduced by ironing by means of a drawing ring. During the ironing, axial compressive stresses are applied to the cylindrical side wall of the preform, so that the material flow into the profile of the mandrel is promoted. The axial Compressive stresses are preferably applied by a pressure stamp acting on the end face of the cylinder wall. At the same time, a counterholder acts on the underside of the floor in order to avoid deformations in the floor area and to apply a counterholder force. The counterholder force of the counterholder and the force of the plunger should be controllable relative to one another in such a way that a material flow in the radial direction is ensured during the entire ironing process in order to completely fill the contour of the mandrel.
Der Druckstempel vollführt während des Abstreckziehens eine der Abstrecklänge der Vorform entsprechende axiale Hubbewegung in Richtung der Vorschubbewegung des Ziehrings, die in Abhängigkeit von dessen Druckkraft geregelt wird.During the ironing, the pressure stamp carries out an axial stroke movement corresponding to the ironing length of the preform in the direction of the feed movement of the drawing ring, which is regulated as a function of its compressive force.
Mit der Erfindung wird es erstmalig möglich, auf einer herkömmlichen Presse innenverzahnte Werkstücke in hoher Qualität energiesparend zu erzeugen. Die Produktivität kann dabei im Vergleich zum Drückwalzen um das 4 bis β-fache erhöht werden.With the invention, it is possible for the first time to produce internally toothed workpieces in a high quality in an energy-saving manner. Productivity can be increased 4 to β times compared to spinning rolling.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und zugehöriger Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen: Fig. 1: Vorrichtung mit eingelegter Vorform vor demThe invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of an exemplary embodiment and associated drawings. Show it: Fig. 1: Device with inserted preform before
Abstreckziehen, Fig. 2: Vorrichtung während des Abstreckziehens, Fig. 3: Vorrichtung mit eingelegter Vorform und Materialüberlauf im Gegenhalter vor demIroning, Fig. 2: device during ironing, Fig. 3: device with inserted preform and material overflow in the counter holder in front of the
Abstreckziehen, Fig. 4: Vorrichtung gem. Fig. 3 während desIroning, Fig. 4: device acc. Fig. 3 during the
Abstreckziehens, Fig. 5: Vorrichtung nach Beendigung des Abstreckziehens mit zusätzlichem Kalibierdruck und zusätzlichemIroning, Fig. 5: device after finishing ironing with additional calibration pressure and additional
Materialüberlauf am Ende des zylindrischen Randes des Werkstücks.Material overflow at the end of the cylindrical edge of the workpiece.
In Fig. 1 und 2 ist der prinzipielle Aufbau der in einer i Presse integrierten Vorrichtung dargestellt. Auf dem1 and 2 show the basic structure of the device integrated in an i press. On the
Pressentisch 1 ist das Werkzeugunterteil 2 angeordnet, welches einen ersten Hydraulikkolben 3 aufweist. AmThe press base 1 has the lower tool part 2, which has a first hydraulic piston 3. At the
Werkzeugunterteil 2 ist axial feststehend über einenLower tool part 2 is axially fixed over a
Stempel 4 der Dorn 5 befestigt, welcher ein Außenprofil 6 aufweist. Mittig im Stempel 4 und im Dorn 5 verläuft ein Auswerfer 7. Am Hydraulikkolben 3 ist über einen Adapter 8 der als Druckhülse ausgebildete Druckstempel 9 axial beweglich gelagert. Die axiale Lage des Druckste pels 9 kann über Distanzen 10 verändert werden, die zwischen Adapter 8 und Druckstempel 9 anbringbar sind. Das Werkzeugoberteil 11 ist am Pressenstößel P angeordnet und weist einen Gegenhalter 12 auf auf, der über einen zweiten Hydraulikkolben 13 axial verstellbar ist. Am Pressenstößel ist weiterhin der Ziehring 14 über einen Adapter 15 gestellfest befestigt.Stamp 4 of the mandrel 5 attached, which has an outer profile 6. An ejector 7 runs in the center of the punch 4 and in the mandrel 5. The pressure punch 9 designed as a pressure sleeve is mounted on the hydraulic piston 3 via an adapter 8 so that it can move axially. The axial position of the Druckste pels 9 can be changed over distances 10 which can be attached between the adapter 8 and the plunger 9. The The upper tool part 11 is arranged on the press ram P and has a counter-holder 12 which is axially adjustable via a second hydraulic piston 13. The drawing ring 14 is also fixed to the press ram by means of an adapter 15.
Gem. Fig. 1 wurde die napfförmige Vorform N mit dem zylindrischen Rand Nl nach unten über den Dorn 5 eingelegt, so daß die Stirnfläche N2 in Richtung zum Druckstempel 9 und die Unterseite des Bodens N3 in Richtung zum Gegenhalter 12 weist. Verfahrensgemäß fährt der Hydraulikkolben 13 den Gegenhalter 12 in Richtung Werkzeugunterteil, bis der Gegenhalter 12 an der Unterseite des Bodens N3 anliegt. Der am Pressenstößel P gestellfest angeordnete Ziehring 14 bewegt sich im Vorhub mit dem Pressenstößel P in Richtung zum Pressentisch 1, gleichzeitig wird der erste Hydraulikkolben 3 mit Druck beaufschlagt und preßt den Druckstempel 9 mit der Kraft Fl gegen die Stirnfläche N2 der Vorform N (Fig. 2) . Gleichzeitig übt der Gegenhalter 12 eine Gegenhalterkraft F2 auf den Boden des Napfes aus. Während des Abstreckziehens vollführt der Druckstempel 9 entsprechend der Abstreckung der Vorform N eine Bewegung in Richtung des Vorhubes des Ziehrings 14, wobei der auf die Wandung N2 wirkende Druck durch die Kräfte Fl und F2 aufrechterhalten wird. Durch die dabei in der Werkstückwandung N2 erzeugten Druckspannungen wird der Werkstofffluß begünstigt, so dass Material zuverlässig in das Profil 6 des Dorns 5 fließt. Dadurch wird eine hervorragende Qualität der Innenverzahnung gewährleistet. Nach der Beendigung des Abstreckziehens fährt das Werkzeugoberteil 11 nach oben und das Werkstück wird über den Auswerfer 7 vom Dorn 5 gelöst, wobei dieser bei einer Schrägverzahnung drehbar gelagert ist.1, the cup-shaped preform N was inserted with the cylindrical edge N1 downward over the mandrel 5, so that the end face N2 points in the direction of the pressure stamp 9 and the underside of the base N3 in the direction of the counter-holder 12. According to the method, the hydraulic piston 13 moves the counter holder 12 in the direction of the lower part of the tool until the counter holder 12 rests on the underside of the base N3. The drawing ring 14, which is fixed to the press ram P, moves in the preliminary stroke with the press ram P in the direction of the press table 1, at the same time the first hydraulic piston 3 is pressurized and presses the pressure ram 9 with the force Fl against the end face N2 of the preform N (FIG. 2). At the same time, the counter-holder 12 exerts a counter-holder force F2 on the bottom of the cup. During the ironing, the plunger 9 executes a movement in the direction of the forward stroke of the drawing ring 14 in accordance with the ironing of the preform N, the pressure acting on the wall N2 being maintained by the forces F1 and F2. By doing so in the Workpiece wall N2 generated compressive stresses, the material flow is favored so that material flows reliably into the profile 6 of the mandrel 5. This ensures an excellent quality of the internal teeth. After the end of the ironing, the upper tool part 11 moves upwards and the workpiece is released from the mandrel 5 via the ejector 7, which is rotatably mounted with helical teeth.
Um überschüssiges Material abfließen zu lassen und damit Überlastungen des Werkzeuges zu vermeiden, ist es möglich, gem. Fig. 3 und 4 im Gegenhalter 12 einen Materialüberlauf 12.2 vorzusehen. Der Gegenhalter 12 weist dazu in Richtung zum Werkstück N ein Druckstück 12.1 auf, welches ebenfalls in Richtung zum Werkstück N im Durchmesser verringert ist, so dass zwischen Druckstück 12.1 und Adapter 15 ein Spalt entsteht, in den das überschüssige Material fließen kann und der somit als Materialüberlauf 12.2 dient.In order to allow excess material to drain off and thus avoid overloading the tool, it is possible to 3 and 4 in the counter holder 12 to provide a material overflow 12.2. For this purpose, the counter-holder 12 has a pressure piece 12.1 in the direction of the workpiece N, which is also reduced in diameter in the direction of the workpiece N, so that a gap is formed between the pressure piece 12.1 and the adapter 15, into which the excess material can flow and which therefore acts as Material overflow 12.2 is used.
Gemäß Fig. 5 ist es auch möglich, zusätzlich zu dem in Fig. 3 und 4 vorgesehen Materialüberlauf 12.2 einen weiteren Materialüberlauf 12.3 am Ende der zylindrischen Wandung anzuordnen. Dazu kann der Spalt zwischen dem Außendurchmesser des Druckstempels 9 und dem Innendurchmesser des Ziehringes 14 dienen. Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn am Ende des Umformvorganges ein erhöhter axialer Druck zum Kalibrieren ausgeübt wird, um eine bessere Ausfüllung und eine höhere Genauigkeit der Innenverzahnung zu erreichen. Das ggf. überschüssige Material kann dabei wie vorgenannt beschrieben abfließen. Nach Beendigung des Umformvorganges befindet sich der Kolben 3, der im Zylinder 3.1 geführt wird, in seiner untersten Position. Der erhöhte Druck kann nun z.B. dadurch aufgebracht werden, dass sich der Druckstempel 9 über ein Zwischenstück Z, welches an seinem Außendurchmesser Gewinde G aufweist und darüber mit einem Gewindering Gl verbunden ist, der sich wiederum auf dem Zylinder 3.1 und somit über das Werkzeugunterteil 2 auf dem Pressentisch 1 abstützt. According to FIG. 5, it is also possible to arrange a further material overflow 12.3 at the end of the cylindrical wall in addition to the material overflow 12.2 provided in FIGS. 3 and 4. The gap between the outer diameter of the pressure stamp 9 and the inner diameter of the drawing ring 14 can be used for this purpose. Furthermore, it is advantageous if, at the end of the forming process, an increased axial pressure is applied for calibration in order to achieve better filling and a higher accuracy of the internal toothing. Any excess material can flow away as described above. After the shaping process has ended, the piston 3, which is guided in the cylinder 3.1, is in its lowest position. The increased pressure can now be applied, for example, by the pressure ram 9 being connected via an intermediate piece Z, which has a thread G on its outer diameter and is also connected to a threaded ring Gl, which in turn rests on the cylinder 3.1 and thus on the lower tool part 2 supports the press table 1.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Werkstückes mit Innenverzahnung, insbesondere eines Hohlrades, unter Verwendung einer napfförmigen Vorform (N) mit einer im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Seitenwandung (Nl) und eines Dornes (5) mit einem Außenprofil (6) entsprechend der zu erzeugenden Innenverzahnung, sowie mit einem Umformwerkzeug, welches während einer Vorschubbewegung den Außendurchmesser der zylindrischen Seitenwandung reduziert, wodurch Werkstoff des Zylinderwandbereiches der in das Außenprofil (β) des Dornes (5) fließt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Umformwerkzeug als ein, bei einer Vorschubbewegung ein Abstreckziehen des Zylinderwandbereiches (Nl) gewährleistender, Ziehring (14) ausgebildet ist und daß an der Vorform (N) während des Äbstreckziehens zwei, im Zylinderwandbereich (Nl) der Vorform axiale Druckspannungen erzeugende, Werkzeugelemente angreifen.1. Device for producing a workpiece with internal teeth, in particular a ring gear, using a cup-shaped preform (N) with a substantially cylindrical side wall (Nl) and a mandrel (5) with an outer profile (6) corresponding to the internal teeth to be generated, and with a forming tool which reduces the outer diameter of the cylindrical side wall during a feed movement, as a result of which material of the cylinder wall area flows into the outer profile (β) of the mandrel (5), characterized in that the forming tool is used as an ironing of the cylinder wall area during a feed movement ( Nl) ensuring, drawing ring (14) is formed and that two tool elements, which generate axial compressive stresses in the cylinder wall area (Nl) of the preform, act on the preform (N) during the drawing.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Richtung zur Unterseite des Bodens (N3) der Vorform (N) ein erstes Werkzeugelement in Form eines axial beweglichen Gegenhalters (12) derartig angeordnet ist, daß er während des Äbstreckziehens mit dem Ziehring auf die Unterseite des Bodens (N3) der Vorform (N) mit einer Gegenhalterkraft (F2) wirkt.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the direction of the underside of the bottom (N3) of the preform (N) a first tool element in the form of an axially movable counter-holder (12) is arranged in such a way that it pulls with the drawing ring during stretching acts on the underside of the bottom (N3) of the preform (N) with a counter-holding force (F2).
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gegenhalter (12) eine in Richtung zur3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the counter-holder (12) in the direction of
Unterseite des Bodens (N3) weisende kreisförmigeUnderside of the bottom (N3) facing circular
Druckfläche aufweist und im wesentlichen auf den gesamten Bodenbereich wirkt.Has printing area and acts essentially on the entire floor area.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gegenhalter (12) eine in Richtung zur Unterseite des Bodens (N3) weisende ringförmige Druckfläche aufweist, die der Breite des Zylinderwandbereiches (Nl) der Vorform (N) angepaßt und im wesentlichen fluchtend zu dieser ausgerichtet ist und auf den Randbereich der Unterseite des Bodens der Vorform wirkt.4. Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the counter-holder (12) has an annular pressure surface pointing towards the underside of the base (N3), which corresponds to the width of the cylinder wall region (Nl) of the preform (N) adapted and aligned substantially in alignment with this and acts on the edge region of the underside of the bottom of the preform.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Richtung zur Stirnfläche (N2) des Zylinderwandbereiches (N3) der Vorform (N) das zweite Werkzeugelement in Form eines axial beweglichen Druckstempels (9) derartig angeordnet ist, daß es während des Äbstreckziehens auf die Stirnfläche (N2) mit einer Kraft (Fl) wirkt. 5. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the direction of the end face (N2) of the cylinder wall region (N3) of the preform (N) the second tool element is arranged in the form of an axially movable pressure stamp (9), that it acts on the end face (N2) with a force (Fl) during the branch stretching.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckstempel (9) während des Äbstreckziehens um eine, der Äbstrecklänge der Vorform (N) entsprechende, axiale Bewegung in Richtung der Vorschubbewegung des Ziehrings (14) axial bewegbar ist.6. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plunger (9) during the branch stretching by an axial stretching corresponding to the length of the preform (N) in the direction of the feed movement of the drawing ring (14) axially movable is.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die während des Äbstreckziehens erfolgende axiale Bewegung des Druckstempels (9) in Abhängigkeit von dessen Gegenhalterkraft (Fl) regelbar ist.7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the axial movement of the pressure plunger (9) taking place during the stretching pulling is controllable as a function of its counter-holding force (Fl).
8. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckstempel (14) über einen Hydraulikkolben (3) axial beweglich gelagert ist.8. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pressure ram (14) is axially movably mounted via a hydraulic piston (3).
9. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche von 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie in eine Presse, bestehend aus einem Pressentisch (1) und einem Pressenstößel (P) derartig integriert ist, dass am Pressentisch (1) der Dorn (4) axial feststehend angeordnet und auf dem Dorn (4) , axial über den Hydraulikkolben (3) verschiebbar, der Druckstempel (9) gelagert ist, und am Pressenstößel (P) der Gegenhalter (12) druckbeaufschlagbar axial beweglich und der Ziehring (14) gestellfest angeordnet ist.9. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is integrated in a press consisting of a press table (1) and a press ram (P) in such a way that the mandrel (4 ) axially fixed and on the mandrel (4), axially displaceable via the hydraulic piston (3), the pressure ram (9) is mounted, and on the press ram (P) the counterholder (12) can be pressurized axially and the drawing ring (14) is fixed to the frame.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckstempel (9) als eine zylindrische Druckhülse ausgebildet ist.10. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the pressure stamp (9) is designed as a cylindrical pressure sleeve.
11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der, der Länge der Vorform (N) angepasste Abstand der Druckfläche des Druckstempels (9) von der Stirnfläche des Dorns (5) über Distanzringe (10) einstellbar ist.11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the, the length of the preform (N) adapted distance of the pressure surface of the pressure stamp (9) from the end face of the mandrel (5) via spacer rings (10) is adjustable.
12. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Dorn (5) zum12. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the mandrel (5) for
Auswerfen des Werkstückes (N) drehbar gelagert ist.Ejecting the workpiece (N) is rotatably mounted.
13. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein im Dorn (5) axial entlanglaufender Auswerfer (7) drehbar gelagert ist.13. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that an ejector (7) axially extending in the mandrel (5) is rotatably mounted.
14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein- oder beidseitig am Ende des Werkstückes ein Materialüberlauf angeordnet ist. 14. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a material overflow is arranged on one or both sides at the end of the workpiece.
15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Materialüberlauf (12.2) im Gegenhalter (12) angeordnet ist.15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that a material overflow (12.2) is arranged in the counter holder (12).
16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Materialüberlauf in dem Adapter (8) ausgebildet ist, in dem der Druckstempel (9) gelagert ist.16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that a material overflow is formed in the adapter (8) in which the pressure stamp (9) is mounted.
17. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Werkstückes mit Innenverzahnung, insbesondere eines Hohlrades, wobei eine napfförmige Vorform, mit einem Boden und einer im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Seitenwandung, über einem Dorn, welcher das Außenprofil entsprechend der zu erzeugenden Innenverzahnung aufweist, in ihrem Außendurchmesser reduziert wird, so daß Werkstoff des Zylinderwandbereiches in das Außenprofil des Dorns fließt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Reduzieren des Außendurchmessers durch Abstreckziehen mittels eines Ziehringes erfolgt und dass während des Äbstreckziehens zusätzliche axiale Druckspannungen auf die zylindrische Seitenwandung der Vorform aufgebracht werden.17. A method for producing a workpiece with internal toothing, in particular a ring gear, wherein a cup-shaped preform with a bottom and a substantially cylindrical side wall is reduced in its outer diameter over a mandrel which has the outer profile corresponding to the internal toothing to be produced, so that material of the cylinder wall area flows into the outer profile of the mandrel, characterized in that the outer diameter is reduced by ironing by means of a drawing ring and that additional axial compressive stresses are applied to the cylindrical side wall of the preform during the ironing.
18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die axialen Druckspannungen durch zwei beidseitig auf den Bereich der zylindrischen Seitenwandung wirkende Werkzeugelemente erzeugt werden.18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the axial compressive stresses by two on both sides tool elements acting on the area of the cylindrical side wall are generated.
19. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 17 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des19. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 18, characterized in that during the
Äbstreckziehens ein erstes Werkzeugelement in Form eines Gegenhalters mit einer Gegenhalterkraft (F2) auf die Unterseite des Bodens und ein zweites Werkzeugelement in Form eines Druckstempels mit einer Kraft (Fl) auf die Stirnseite der zylindrischen Seitenwandung wirkt.Branch stretching acts on a first tool element in the form of a counterholder with a counterholder force (F2) on the underside of the base and a second tool element in the form of a pressure stamp with a force (Fl) on the end face of the cylindrical side wall.
20. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 17 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Äbstreckziehens der Druckstempel eine der Abstrecklänge der Vorform entsprechende axiale Hubbewegung in Richtung der Vorschubbewegung des Ziehringes vollführt.20. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that during the drawing stretching the pressure stamp carries out an axial stroke movement corresponding to the ironing length of the preform in the direction of the feed movement of the drawing ring.
21. Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die während des Äbstreckziehens erfolgende axiale Hubbewegung des Druckstempels in Abhängigkeit von dessen21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the axial stroke movement of the pressure plunger taking place during the stretching pull as a function thereof
Kraft F2 geregelt wird.Force F2 is regulated.
22. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 17 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gegenhalterkraft (F2) des Gegenhalters und die Kraft (Fl) des Druckstempels zueinander regelbar sind derart, daß während des gesamten Abstreckvorganges ein Werkstofffuß in radialer Richtung zum vollständigen Ausfüllen der Kontur des Dorns gewährleistet ist.22. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the counter-holding force (F2) of the counter-holder and the force (F1) of the pressure ram can be regulated with respect to one another in such a way that a material foot in the radial direction is ensured during the entire ironing process in order to completely fill the contour of the mandrel.
23. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 17 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach Beendigung des Äbstreckziehens ein erhöhter axialer Druck zum Kalibrieren auf das Werkstück ausgeübt wird.23. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 22, characterized in that an increased axial pressure is exerted on the workpiece for calibration after completion of the branch drawing.
24. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 17 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Äbstreckziehens und/oder während des Aufbringens des Kalibrierdruckes überschüssiger Werkstoff in Materialüberläufe abfließt. 24. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 23, characterized in that excess material flows into material overflows during the stretching and / or during the application of the calibration pressure.
EP01992620A 2000-11-02 2001-11-01 Method and device for the production of a workpiece with internal toothing, in particular a hollow wheel Expired - Lifetime EP1330320B1 (en)

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DE10054399A DE10054399A1 (en) 2000-11-02 2000-11-02 Method and device for producing a workpiece with internal teeth, in particular a ring gear
DE10054399 2000-11-02
PCT/DE2001/004192 WO2002036287A1 (en) 2000-11-02 2001-11-01 Method and device for the production of a workpiece with internal toothing, in particular a hollow wheel

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AU2002215846A1 (en) 2002-05-15
EP1330320B1 (en) 2006-04-12
DE10054399A1 (en) 2002-06-27
JP2004512956A (en) 2004-04-30
DE50109512D1 (en) 2006-05-24

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