EP1328906A1 - Procede et systeme utilisant des mesures biometriques pour determiner si un individu est autorise a effectuer un achat - Google Patents

Procede et systeme utilisant des mesures biometriques pour determiner si un individu est autorise a effectuer un achat

Info

Publication number
EP1328906A1
EP1328906A1 EP01908594A EP01908594A EP1328906A1 EP 1328906 A1 EP1328906 A1 EP 1328906A1 EP 01908594 A EP01908594 A EP 01908594A EP 01908594 A EP01908594 A EP 01908594A EP 1328906 A1 EP1328906 A1 EP 1328906A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
potential customer
vendor
product
information
purchase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01908594A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
John J. Halak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Catalina Marketing International Inc
Original Assignee
Catalina Marketing International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Catalina Marketing International Inc filed Critical Catalina Marketing International Inc
Publication of EP1328906A1 publication Critical patent/EP1328906A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/30—Individual registration on entry or exit not involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/32—Individual registration on entry or exit not involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check
    • G07C9/37—Individual registration on entry or exit not involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C11/00—Arrangements, systems or apparatus for checking, e.g. the occurrence of a condition, not provided for elsewhere
    • G07C2011/02—Arrangements, systems or apparatus for checking, e.g. the occurrence of a condition, not provided for elsewhere related to amusement parks

Definitions

  • This invention is directed towards determining and/or confirming whether an individual is legally entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product based upon a biometric measurement. More specifically, this invention is directed to providing a vendor of consumer products and/or services immediate and definite confirmation that an individual who is attempting to make a purchase is or is not legally authorized to make the purchase.
  • FIG. 1 provides an exemplary list of products and groups that are restricted from purchasing those products, as well as examples of grounds that are usually cited when justifying the restrictions placed upon those products.
  • criminals the purchase of firearms is proscribed in many jurisdictions by the group denoted as "criminals.”
  • the definition of "criminal” depends upon the jurisdiction in which the purchase is being made, and ranges from, e.g., convicted felons to unlicensed individuals. Regardless of the relevant definition of "criminal,” several societies (i.e, countries, states, and/or other jurisdictional entities) feel that a prohibition on purchases of firearms by "criminals" is justified.
  • grounds include, but are not limited to, the desire to protect other members of society from unsafe operation of the restricted firearms by "criminals.”
  • the grounds for the restriction of other products include, e.g., preventing the members of the prohibited group from doing mental, physical, emotional, and/or moral harm to themselves and/or others and limiting the liability of the greater society to accomodate such mental, physical, emotional, and/or moral harm caused by members of the prohibited group either to themselves or to others.
  • One method for circumventing the prohibitions on purchases involves falsification of legal documents so that these documents indicate that the individual is not a member of the prohibited group, such as, e.g., falsification, theft, and/or borrowing of identity documents.
  • Another method for circumventing the prohibitions on purchases involves reliance upon a lack of diligence on the part of those making the sale, such as, e.g., purchasing cigarettes from a vending machine or purchasing seating for emergency exit rows on airlines as a minor over the Internet. It is clear that a more convenient and reliable method and system for confirming whether an individual is legally entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product is needed.
  • one object of this invention is to provide a novel method, system, and computer-readable medium for confirming whether an individual is legally entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel method, system, and computer- readable medium for providing a vendor of consumer products and/or services immediate and definite confirmation that an individual who is attempting to make a purchase is or is not legally authorized to make the purchase.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a novel method, system, and computer- readable medium for confirming whether an individual is legally entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product that is more convenient and reliable than current methods and systems.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a novel method, system, and computer-readable medium that provides, according to one embodiment, separate entities, representing the interests of society and the vendor, for confirming whether an individual is legally entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product.
  • Yet another object of this invention is to provide a novel method, system, and computer-readable medium that allow, according to one embodiment, the establishment of a uniform "reasonable vendor" standard for the effort needed to confirm the group status of a potential customer.
  • this system, method, and computer-readable medium that confirm whether an individual is legally entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product.
  • this system, method, and computer-readable medium can be conveniently disposed and/or implemented to provide reliable conformation of an individual's entitlement to purchase a restricted product.
  • this system, method, and computer-readable medium can be operated b> a party other than the vendor, thereby providing another representative of society's interests.
  • this system, method, and computer-readable medium can be used to establish legal standards for the effort needed to confirm entitlement to purchase a restricted product.
  • this system, method, and computer-readable medium can be used to meet the objectives behind the prohibitions on purchases on restricted products.
  • embodiments of this system, method, and computer-readable medium can be used to more effectively lower the cost of auto insurance, minimize the incidence of lung cancer, prevent shootings in schools, reduce crime, delay the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, ensure the safe operation of emergency exits on airplanes, prevent children from gambling, protect the moral fiber of society's youth, prevent biological weapons attacks by terrorist groups, and hinder the fabrication of narcotics in drug labs, each of these objective corresponding to the exemplary restricted products described in FIG. 1.
  • Each of these objectives can be more effectively met by addressing the difficulties unique to enforcement of each individual prohibition, such as, e.g., making the falsification of identity "documents" (i.e., biometric information) more difficult, automating confirmation for unattended restricted product distribution (e.g., vending machines), reducing the burden of confirming authorization to purchase at gun shows, making remote (e.g., telephonic and/or Internet) confirmation of identity possible, and reducing the burden of confirmation of professional licences that enable an individual to make certain purchases.
  • identity "documents” i.e., biometric information
  • automating confirmation for unattended restricted product distribution e.g., vending machines
  • reducing the burden of confirming authorization to purchase at gun shows making remote (e.g., telephonic and/or Internet) confirmation of identity possible, and reducing the burden of confirmation of professional licences that enable an individual to make certain purchases.
  • restricted product refers to any product where the sale of that product to a group is prohibited by law. As such, it does not include simple confirmation of an individual's identity to, i.e., provide access to restricted facilities, financial accounts, or other "secure” places and/or information. Rather, a sales transaction involving a product must occur.
  • the term "right" refers to a legal right or a private right to purchase a product.
  • An example of a legal right is a legal authorization to, e.g., purchase alcohol.
  • An example of a private right is a private authorization to, e.g.. purchase admission to an amusement park ride.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates in tabular format several restricted products, groups prohibited from purchasing those products, and commonly cited benefits of those restrictions;
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary network structure for confirming whether an individual is entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product based upon a biometric measurement
  • FIG. 3a and 3b illustrate two exemplary data records for storing an individual ' s biometric identification data and data regarding an individual
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b illustrate two exemplary data records for storing data regarding the prohibitions within a certain jurisdiction and data regarding a particular transaction
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating one exemplary embodiment of a method for confirming whether an individual is entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating another exemplary embodiment of a method for confirming whether an individual is entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating yet another exemplary embodiment of a method for confirming whether an individual is entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary computer system that can form several different units in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 provides illustrative examples of products and groups that presently have limited purchasing rights in the United States of America.
  • the present invention can be extended to other countries and adapted for applicable state and local regulations, as well as changes in laws and norms.
  • FIG. 1 Also included in FIG. 1 are examples of commonly-cited benefits behind limiting purchasing rights.
  • Another objective often cited is to prevent the operation of automobiles by individuals under the age of 21 who are legally intoxicated. Yet another objective is to limit the liability of society to provide for the welfare (e.g., the mental, emotional, financial, and physical health) of those in the restricted group. In other words, the purchase of alcohol by underaged individuals is perceived to lead to increased rates of alcoholism, property damage, other health damage, and even moral damage to and by the restricted group for which society is in part liable.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary network structure for confirming whether an individual is legally entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product based upon a biometric measurement.
  • This network structure will include at least one vendor interaction site 630 that is connected by way of a network 620 to a central database system 610.
  • network 620 can be dispensed with in whole or in part, and interaction site 630 can include the data and functionality herein attributed to the central database system 610.
  • the network 620 can be implemented either as a communications or telecommunications network, or as an electrical lead, wire, or bus within a computer.
  • central database system 610 can be divided into a plurality of database systems, each directed to a subset of the data and functionality ascribed to the central database system 610 illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • some embodiments of the network structure may include an updater interaction site 640 from which the information stored in various table can be updated. As illustrated in FIG. 2, this updater interaction site 640 is connected to the central database system by way of network 620. This is not necessarily the case, and the updater interaction site 640 and the central database system 610 can be combined into one or more physically discrete units.
  • the updater interaction site 640 allows, e.g., physicians to update prescription information for a patient, law enforcement officials to enter felony convictions, and new biometric identification information to be entered as it becomes available.
  • the processor 611 of central database system 610 is used for coding and decoding data transmitted over network 620, controlling reading and writing of data in tables 612a-d. and analyzing the data in tables 612a-d.
  • the processor 611 can be any processor configured for high volume data transmission and performing a significant number of mathematical calculations in processing communications (possibly as a webserver), database searches, and computational algorithms.
  • a conventional personal computer or workstation with sufficient memory and processing capability may be configured to act as processor 611.
  • a PENTIUM III microprocessor such as the 1GHz PENTIUM III for the SC 242 manufactured by Intel Inc., a Motorola 500 MFIZ POWERPC G4 processor, and the Advanced Micro Devices 1 GHz AMD ATHLON processor may all be used as the processor 611.
  • the tables 612a-d may reside or be stored on any suitable processor-accessible data medium, including but not limited to any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-Rom, magneto-optical disks, ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, flash memory, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic data.
  • any suitable processor-accessible data medium including but not limited to any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-Rom, magneto-optical disks, ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, flash memory, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic data.
  • the network 620 may be a local area network, a wide area network (such as the Internet), a virtual private network, and/or a connection via a public switched telephone network.
  • the network 620 includes a number of connection modalities, including a cable-modem connection, a DSL connection, a dial-up modem connection, and/or other suitable connection mechanisms.
  • the first type of interaction site, vendor interaction site 630 includes a vendor terminal 630a that would be located at, in an exemplary embodiment, the check-out counter of a store, a vending machine, a central location shared by several stores, a government- operated outlet (e.g., an alcoholic beverage commission (ABC) store), a mobile kiosk at a central location in a gun show, flea market, or street fair, an airline counter, an entrance of a nightclub, casino, or movie theater, a restaurant, a telephone where sales orders are placed, a pick-up counter at a pharmacy, or even an individual's home computer in the case of Internet transactions.
  • a vendor terminal 630a that would be located at, in an exemplary embodiment, the check-out counter of a store, a vending machine, a central location shared by several stores, a government- operated outlet (e.g., an alcoholic beverage commission (ABC) store), a mobile kiosk at a central location in a gun show, flea market, or street fair, an airline
  • the vendor interaction site 630 can include a processor similar to processor 611, but in an exemplary embodiment it is simply dedicated to the reception and transmission of data over network 620 and the coding and decoding of data received from ID input device 630c and output to confirmation output device 630b.
  • Vendor interaction site 630 is designed to be operated by the vendor and/or the potential customer. Placement of the vendor interaction site 630 at a position where the vendor can control the operation of the device (e.g., check-out site, entrance to club or theater, prescription pick-up site) is preferred in order to avert falsification of identification data received at ID input device 630c. However, in certain transactions, such as in the case of Internet transactions or transactions at trade shows/flea markets, a vendor interaction site 630 that is physically removed from the vendor may be necessary because of constraints in time and money. Some locations of the vendor interaction site 630, such as at a telephone where sales orders are placed, are intermediate between these two extremes, since the vendor interaction site 630 is at the vendor, but the prospective purchaser of the restricted product is distant and input identity information telephonically.
  • vendor interaction site 630 can include a transaction input device (not shown) such as a keyboard, touch screen, computer mouse, bar code reader, magnetic reader (including strip, disk, and tape reader), smart card reader, pressure sensor, motion detector, electromagnetic receiver, voltmeter, heat sensor, and other transducer capable of receiving transaction identification information.
  • a transaction input device such as a keyboard, touch screen, computer mouse, bar code reader, magnetic reader (including strip, disk, and tape reader), smart card reader, pressure sensor, motion detector, electromagnetic receiver, voltmeter, heat sensor, and other transducer capable of receiving transaction identification information.
  • the transaction identification information will allow the vendor and/or potential customer to identify the product(s) and/or jurisdiction of the potential transaction to the vendor terminal 630a so that this information may be transmitted to processor 611 for use when confirming that an individual is legally entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product.
  • the transaction (e.g., product and jurisdictional) information need not be transmitted over network 620 to central database system 610.
  • the transaction (e.g., product and jurisdictional) information need not be input with every transaction, but rather can be set during installation of the system.
  • a vendor interaction site operated by an airline can always indicate that the product is an airline ticket
  • a vendor interaction site operated by an alcohol beverage control store can always indicate that the product is alcohol and the jurisdiction is the local state.
  • Each of the vendor interaction sites 630 include an ID input device 630c that receives biometric identifying information from a potential customer and forwards that information to a processor 611 where it is compared with identification table 612a to provide a confirmed identification of the prospective customer.
  • ID input device 630c can be any of a number of recognition devices that receive and/or generate identifying information regarding a potential customer. Examples of embodiments of ID input device 630c that generate identifying information include voice transduction devices (e.g., microphones), digital cameras, fingerprint readers, iris recognition devices, genetic identification devices, pressure sensors, motion detectors, electromagnetic receivers, voltmeters, heat sensors, and other transducers capable of measuring or receiving measurement information regarding one or more biometric property of an individual, and transferring this information to a digital processor.
  • voice transduction devices e.g., microphones
  • digital cameras fingerprint readers, iris recognition devices, genetic identification devices, pressure sensors, motion detectors, electromagnetic receivers, voltmeters, heat sensors, and other transducers capable of measuring or receiving measurement information
  • ID input device 630c examples include processors configured to receive digitized image, sound, pattern, genetic, and/or other information and analog-to-digital converters configured to convert analog image, sound, pattern, and/or genetic information into a digital format.
  • processors configured to receive digitized image, sound, pattern, genetic, and/or other information
  • analog-to-digital converters configured to convert analog image, sound, pattern, and/or genetic information into a digital format.
  • the ID input device 630c is biometric.
  • the ID input device 630c uses biological information and/or parameters to identify the potential customer.
  • biological information is difficult for a person to falsify. This adds yet another layer of security to the identification process.
  • the parameters measured in biometric identification are generally universal to all humans. For example, even though an individual from a country foreign to the vendor may possess unfamiliar, and therefore easier to forge, identification documents, the biological parameters used to identify an individual are relatively universal to all humans and therefore more reliable confirmation of an individual's ability to purchase can be obtained. Moreover, since the biological parameters are relatively universal to all humans, uniform legal standards of accountability can be established.
  • the use of a test that confirms that an individual is legally entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product with a false positive (indicating that an individual is permitted to purchase when, in fact, the individual is not permitted to purchase) rate below 0.1 % may be established in a jurisdiction as a reasonable standard for a vendor to meet to free the vendor from liability for the transaction.
  • the vendor interaction site 630 including the ID input device 630c
  • the central database system 610 can be operated by a third party, the conflict of interest that arises between a vendor's desire to make a sale and the vendor's need to enforce societal laws need not arise.
  • Suitable types of biometric identification include photographic facial feature recognizers, fingerprint readers, voice and iris recognition devices, and genetic identification devices including gene chips. Facial feature recognizers are described in U.S. Patent No. 6,072,894, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Fingerprint readers are described in, for example, U.S. patent Nos. 5,469,506, 4,747,147, 5,109,427, 3,882,462, 5,631 ,971, the contents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference. Briefly in regard to fingerprint readers, a scanner as ID input device 630c creates a digital image of a fingerprint by transducing the pattern of light reflected from a fingertip.
  • ID input device 630c can be formed by a processor configured to, e.g., receive scanned fingerprint information from a remote scanner, such as an individual's home scanner in the case of an Internet transaction.
  • a processor 611 using Fingerprint Identification (FID) software can be used to analyze the pattern of reflected light by searching for two types of specific features. One feature is the core, or center of the print. The other features are minutia — points at which ridges end or divide.
  • the processor 611 thus describes a series of vectors relating the minutia. Even if a finger is off-center or rotated during the scan, the vectors describing the relationships between the minutia do not significantly change and are complex enough to be unique.
  • Ridges and minutia are used to perform one of two possible identifications, one-to-one or one-to-many.
  • a one-to-one search occurs in an identity verification system (IVS), which is used for security purposes.
  • the IVS knows in advance who a potential customer claims to be, and compares the pattern of minutia of a fingerprint patterned freshly scanned (or received) at ID input device 630c and transmitted from vendor terminal 630a to processor 611 with a known record of the fingerprint stored in the central database system 610 identification table 612a. Because not all minutia may be captured due to a cut or other aberration, the best the processor 611 can do is determine a probability that
  • voice recognition software controlling a processor 611 must first go through an enrollment of candidate voices that are to be recognized by the software and store this enrollment information in an identification table 612a.
  • a person In order to add his or her voice to the list of candidate voices, a person must dictate a known text for a suitable time, commonly 10 minutes to an hour. From this sampling, the software creates a table of vocal references for many individuals in an identification table 612a, which are the ways in which the speaker's pronunciation of phonemes varies from models of speech.
  • the speaker can later dictate the text he or she wants the software to compare with the vocal references of the candidate voices into a microphone acting as ID input device 630c, preferably one that uses noise-cancellation to eliminate background sounds.
  • a processor and/or A/D converter can act as ID input device 630c and receive digitized voice information from a remote microphone.
  • the quality of the microphone acting as ID input device 630c (or supplying identification information to ID input device 630c) and power of the computer processor 611 are relevant to the quality of voice recognition.
  • the signal generated by a microphone acting as ID input device 630c can be sampled at rates commonly above 30 kHz but preferably above 50 kHz by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in vendor terminal 630a and converted using pattern recognition algorithms to a set of measurements of several factors, including pitch, volume, frequency, length of phonemes, and silences.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • the measurements can be compressed for quicker processing, and the software's speech engine makes adjustments to the measurements by factoring in, for example, background sounds and the acoustic characteristics of the microphone.
  • the acoustic recognizer such as a neural network algorithm controlling processor 611 compares the corrected measurements from vendor terminal 630a to a database of previous measurements associated with the candidate individuals, compiled by previously sampling the speech of those individuals and stored in identification data table 612a. For each measurement, such as pitch, the recognizer finds the database entries in identification table 612a that most closely match that specific measurement. To narrow the selection further, the engine compares another measurement, to the measurement of only those database entries in identification table 612a that received a high score on the exemplary pitch measurement. The process continues until the processor 611 finds the candidate voice that most closely matches the sample voice across the entire range of measurements.
  • ID input device 630c relies upon DNA fingerprinting tests to covertly identify the potential customer.
  • DNA fingerprinting tests are based on the genetic differences that exist between individuals, and are described in the article entitled "Automation of DNA Fingerprinting: a Multi-Color Fluorophore Approach" published by Applied Biosystems.
  • the most informative genetic markers for characterization of humans are the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci. VNTR alleles differ in size by the number of tandem repeat sequences.
  • DNA can be isolated from blood or other cell or tissue samples and the DNA sequences of VNTR loci can be specifically amplified by PCR.
  • PCR with automated DNA purification, automated primer synthesis, and automated fluorescent fragment analysis are performed at an ID input device 630c (or the data resulting transmitted from other instruments to an ID input device 630c ⁇ individuals can be biometrically identified.
  • These procedures have been automated using commercially available equipment, namely the GENEPURE 341 Nucleic Acid Purification System, the PCR- ATE 391 DNA Synthesizer, and the GENE SCANNER 362 Fluorescent Fragment Analyzer available from Applied Biosystems.
  • DNA can purified using the Applied Biosystems GENEPUHE 341 Nucleic Acid Purification System.
  • This instrument is used for the automated purification of nucleic acid from a broad range of sample types.
  • a protocol specifically designed for handling small quantities of DNA on the GENEPURE system makes use of the system's phenol-chloroform chemistry and BASEBINDER resin.
  • Whole blood samples 50 ⁇ L can be diluted to 1.5 mL with Tris-buffered saline (TBS) and loaded directly into a GENEPURE reaction vessel containing 2X Lysis Buffer that had been previously delivered by the GENEPURE system and heated to 60°C.
  • TBS Tris-buffered saline
  • 2X Lysis Buffer 2X Lysis Buffer that had been previously delivered by the GENEPURE system and heated to 60°C.
  • the system can next deliver Proteinase and perform a one-hour digestion while shaking.
  • the system can perform two extractions with a phenol/water/chloroform reagent and one extraction with chloroform.
  • the BASEBINDER resin can be added to each reaction vessel and the system used to deliver sodium acetate and isopropanol. Under these conditions, the genomic DNA binds to the resin.
  • the system can collect the resin/precipitate complex on a PRECIPITATE II filter and rinse it with ethanol to remove any trace contaminants. The DNA can then be eluted from the resin with water.
  • oligonucleotide primers specific for three VNTR target loci can be synthesized on a PCR-MATE 391 DNA Synthesizer using fast oligonucleotide deprotecting (FOD phosphoramidites and the standard 0.2 ⁇ mol scale synthesis cycle.
  • Common target VNTR loci are Apo B (1), pMCTl 18 (2), and pNZ22 (3).
  • an AM1NOL1NK 2 amine linker can be added to the 5' end of each of the primers during the last monomer addition using the standard synthesis cycle.
  • a fluorescent dye-NHS ester can be coupled to the primers to be labeled through the AMINOL1NK 2 moiety.
  • DNA samples can be amplified at the VNTR low using the GENEAMP PCR DNA Amplification System from Perkin-Elmer Cetus Instruments and the fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide primers.
  • the primers were designed with a different dye label for in situ labeling of PCR products as follows: Apo B (FAM-blue), pMCTl 18 (JOE-green), and pYNZ22 (TAMRA-yellow).
  • the GENE SCANNER system uses multi-color, fluorescent based DNA sequencing technology for submarine agarose gel electrophoresis,
  • the system incorporates a multi-line argon ion laser, which scans across the gel to excite fluorescence from passing dye-labeled PCR products.
  • the emitted light is filtered collected, and transferred as digital signals, which are automatically analyzed by a computer to assign fragment lengths and quantify fluorescence.
  • the measured fluorescent patten is compared with previously measured fluorescent patterns in identification table 612a corresponding to a number of candidate individuals. This continues until a matching pattern associated with a specific individual is located.
  • ID input device 630c once identification data is produced and/or digitized, it can be transferred from vendor terminal 630a to processor 611 of central database system 610. Naturally, this can be done by way of a network 620, or alternatively a processor similar to processor 611 can be part of vendor interaction site 630 (not shown). Nevertheless, the identification data is relayed to processor 611, where it is compared to tables stored in identification data storage records 612a.
  • An exemplary data structure for identification table 612a is illustrated as Data Record A 710 of FIG. 3a.
  • the processor 611 Upon identification of a matching or near-matching record, the processor 611 further accesses tables 612b , 612c, and 612d.
  • Individual data storage table 612b contains data regarding the individual potential customer such as, for example, the age of the individual, a criminal record, a psychological profile, a record of professional licenses, a record of prescribed medications, a record of other licenses such as material handling licenses or firearm licenses, or information relating to membership in any other group that is prohibited from purchasing one or more products.
  • An exemplary data structure of a record included therein is illustrated in FIG. 3b.
  • the confirmation of whether an individual is legally entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product can be done in light of information stored in a legal prohibition table 612c.
  • Legal prohibition table 612c can include several jurisdictional records of the identifying characteristics of groups that are prohibited from making certain purchases. An exemplary data structure of a record included therein is illustrated in FIG. 4a.
  • the processor 611 can confirming whether a potential customer is legally entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product based upon a biometric measurement received at ID input device 630c. This confirmation can be relayed to vendor interaction site 630 so that the vendor may complete the transaction.
  • central database system 610 includes, in some embodiments, a data warehousing capability.
  • Transaction/identification records table 612d can store both the nature of the potential transaction, and the identifying information provided by the potential customer.
  • An exemplary data structure of a record included in an exemplary transaction/identification records table 612d is illustrated in FIG. 4b.
  • the data warehousing of transaction/identification records table 612d need not be included in central database system 610, but can instead form a separate database system (not shown).
  • Confirmation output device 630b likewise can be made of any of a number of different devices, including a computer monitor, printers (paper or otherwise), magnetic writing devices (including disk drives, magnetic strip writers, tape writers), bar code writers, television screens, radio broadcast, Internet data transmission, print advertisement in a newspaper or newsletter, or simply electronic confirmations communicated automatically to another device, such as, for example, a check-out register, a booking software, a vending machine, an order-placement system, and/or a prescription medicine dispenser.
  • a computer monitor printers (paper or otherwise), magnetic writing devices (including disk drives, magnetic strip writers, tape writers), bar code writers, television screens, radio broadcast, Internet data transmission, print advertisement in a newspaper or newsletter, or simply electronic confirmations communicated automatically to another device, such as, for example, a check-out register, a booking software, a vending machine, an order-placement system, and/or a prescription medicine dispenser.
  • FIG. 3a and 3b illustrate two different data record structures 710 and 720 that may be used to store an individual ' s biometric identification data and data regarding an individual in data storage tables 612a and 612c of FIG. 2.
  • Biometric identification factors 710d. 710e, and 710f are compared with the same biometric parameters measured at ID input device 630c. Once a suitable match or near-match is found, the associated potential customer's name (or other identifying info " ) 710c is drawn from the record 710, and used to search data storage tables 612c until an individual data record 720 with a matching potential customer's name field 720c is found.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b illustrates two different data record structures 730 and 740 that may be used to store data regarding the prohibitions within a certain jurisdiction 730c and data regarding a particular transaction within a particular jurisdiction in tables 612b and 612d of FIG. 2, respectively.
  • the jurisdiction name (or other identifying info) 730c can be matched to jurisdictional information input or stored at vendor interaction site 630.
  • Information regarding transactions involving restricted products can be stored in fields 730d, 730e, 730f, 730g, and 730h.
  • This information may include, e.g., an age group that is prohibited from purchasing a product, licensing requirements for a restricted product, "criminal" record requirements, or the time of year in which a certain product may be purchased.
  • This is used in conjunction with the information available regarding individual potential customer in data record B 720 to confirm whether an individual potential customer is or is not legally authorized to make a purchase.
  • restricted product information identified at the vendor interaction site 630 is used to select a restriction information field 730d-h in a data record C 720 selected by comparing the jurisdiction name 730c with jurisdiction information provided at vendor interaction site 630.
  • restriction information from one or more restriction information fields 730d-h is compared with the individual information 720d-g selected using a potential customer' s name 720c identified using one or more of the biometric identification factors 710d-f.
  • the comparison between the restriction information from one or more restriction information fields 730d-h and the individual information 720d- g is used to confirm whether an individual potential customer is or is not legally authorized to make a purchase.
  • restriction information from one or more restriction information fields 730d-h indicates that the admission of individuals under the age of 17 to a particular movie in a particular jurisdiction is prohibited and the individual information 720d-g indicates that the potential customer is only 2 years old, than a confirmation that the potential customer is not legally entitled to purchase the admission to the particular movie will be returned to the vendor interaction site 630.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for confirming whether an individual is entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • This method can be performed in whole or in part by a third party (i.e., neither the vendor nor the potential customer), removing the vendor's conflict of interest in confirming a potential customer's eligibility to make a purchase.
  • biometric identification is received from a potential customer.
  • the reception of biometric information can include the transduction of one or more biological parameters of the potential customer, or simple reception of data related to one or more biological parameters.
  • the other identification information such as the potential customer's name, is received.
  • the customer's name can be used to assist in locating the supposedly relevant identification record 710 in identification table 612a of central database system 610, and a simple comparison between previously recorded biometric identification factors 710d-f and the newly received (in step 5100) biometric identification factors can occur.
  • the reception of biometric identification factors in step 5100 can occur in a public facility such as a checkout cashier of a store, over a telephone line, or over a network connection.
  • the group membership of the potential customer can be identified based upon previously determined identification information regarding the potential customer.
  • These group memberships can be related to the age (e.g., a specific age or class of ages such as "older than 21," mental history, criminal records, medical record, prescription information, professional licenses, and/or other licenses held by the individual.
  • the group membership of the individual is determined only in light of jurisdictionally applicable restrictions on products. For example, in 1999 a twenty-year old in the United States of America would belong to a group that is prohibited from purchasing alcohol, whereas that same twenty-year old in Germany would belong to a group that was not prohibited from purchasing alcohol.
  • the determination of group membership can be performed in light of transaction information provided by the vendor interaction site 630.
  • step 5300 can be performed manually by a vendor based upon the group membership information identified in step 5200.
  • step 5400 Once a comparison between the identified group membership of the potential customer and the applicable jurisdictional restrictions on purchases has been performed, whether or not the potential customer has the right to purchase a restricted product is confirmed in step 5400.
  • This confirmation can take the form of a simple yes/no indication, the activation of another device such as a cash register or a vending machine, and/or the display of one or more group memberships of the individual. For example, if the comparison between group memberships and the applicable jurisdictional restrictions is performed manually, step 5400 reduces to simple transmission of the identified group memberships to the vendor.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for confirming whether an individual is entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product according to one embodiment of the present invention that includes a new step 6150 wherein transaction information is received from a vendor.
  • This method can be performed in whole or in part by a third party (i.e., neither the vendor nor the potential customer), removing the vendor's conflict of interest in confirming a potential customer's eligibility to make a purchase.
  • the new step 6150 can be performed automatically, for example by the processor 611 of FIG. 2 .
  • the transaction information can be loaded by a vendor for every transaction involving a restricted product such as, e.g., every new prescription order placed, or this information can be stored at vendor interaction site 630 and transmitted along with received biometric information.
  • FIG. 6 also includes a step 6500 wherein a record of the transaction involving a restricted product is recorded in a data warehouse, such as the transaction/identification records table 612d of central database system 610.
  • a data warehouse such as the transaction/identification records table 612d of central database system 610.
  • This may be used to limit the liability of a vendor by storing any falsified identification information.
  • the police may have a starting point for tracking the flow of the restricted product. For example, if a certain lot of restricted chemicals is found in a narcotics production lab, the police may be able to trace the path of the lot of chemicals from the manufacturer/distributor through a legitimate buyer to the production lab.
  • the police may be able to identify a legitimate purchaser (i.e., an older sibling or a friend of the underage drinker) who transferred the restricted alcohol to the underage drinker.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating another exemplary embodiment of a inethod for confirming whether an individual is entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product according to the present invention.
  • This method illustrates one form in which the current invention can be performed by a third party (i.e., neither the vendor nor the potential customer), removing the vendor's conflict of interest in confirming a potential customer's eligibility to make a purchase. As such, it represents a specific embodiment of portions of the process illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • biometric identification information is received. This information ultimately originates from the potential consumer, but it can be transduced and relayed by the vendor to the third party performing the confirmation.
  • the ID input device 630c comprises a communication interface configured to receive biometric identification information.
  • step 7200 the received biometric identification information is matched to a known individual and his or her individual data.
  • step 7300 the individual data regarding the known individual is simply relayed to a vendor, who may then be responsible for comparing this data with the relevant transaction (e.g., product and jurisdiction) information. In this case, the confirmation whether an individual is legally entitled and/or permitted to purchase a restricted product is just the individual data regarding the known individual.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a computer system 801 that can form several different units in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • computer system 801 can alternately form the central database system 610, a vendor interaction site 630, or an updater interaction site 640 of FIG. 1.
  • the computer system 801 will be described using unique reference numerals.
  • Computer system 801 includes a bus 802 or other communication mechanism for communicating information, and a processor 803 coupled with bus 802 for processing the information.
  • Processor 803 can form processor 611 and/or one or more of the vendor terminals 630a or updater terminal 640a of FIG. 1.
  • Computer system 801 also includes a main memory 804, such as a random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), flash RAM), coupled to bus 802 for storing information and instructions to be executed by processor 803.
  • main memory 804 may be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor 803.
  • Computer system 801 further includes a read only memory (ROM) 805 or other static storage device (e.g., programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), and electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM)) coupled to bus 802 for storing static information and instructions for processor 803.
  • ROM read only memory
  • PROM programmable ROM
  • EPROM erasable PROM
  • EEPROM electrically erasable PROM
  • Storage device 807 and/or 808 can contain the tables 612a, 612b, 612c, and 612d of FIG. 1.
  • the computer system 801 may also include special purpose logic devices (e.g., application specific integrated circuits (ASICs)) or configurable logic devices (e.g., generic array of logic (GAL) or reprogrammable field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)).
  • special purpose logic devices e.g., application specific integrated circuits (ASICs)
  • configurable logic devices e.g., generic array of logic (GAL) or reprogrammable field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)
  • Other removable media devices e.g., a compact disc, a tape, and a removable magneto-optical media
  • further fixed, high density media drives may be added to the computer system 801 using an appropriate device bus (e.g., a small computer system interface (SCSI) bus, an enhanced integrated device electronics (IDE) bus, or an ultra-direct memory access (DMA) bus).
  • SCSI small computer system interface
  • IDE enhanced integrated device electronics
  • DMA ultra-direct memory access
  • Such removable media devices and fixed, high density media drives can also contain the tables 612a, 612b, 612c, and 612d of FIG. 1.
  • the computer system 801 may additionally include a compact disc reader, a compact disc reader-writer unit, or a compact disc juke box, each of which may be connected to the same device bus or another device bus.
  • Computer system 801 may be coupled via bus 802 to a display 810, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), for displaying information to a computer user.
  • Display 810 can form a confirmation output device 630b of FIG. 1 , especially when the confirmation is a yes/no indication that an individual is entitled to purchase a product.
  • the display 810 may be controlled by a display or graphics card.
  • the computer system includes input devices, such as a keyboard 811 and a pointing device 812 (e.g., a cursor control), for communicating information and command selections to processor 803.
  • the keyboard 811 and a pointing device 812 e.g., a cursor control
  • the pointing device 812 e.g., cursor control
  • the pointing device 812 is a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys for communicating direction information and command selections to processor 803 and for controlling cursor movement on the display 810.
  • a printer may provide a confirmation output device 630b of FIG. 1 , especially wherein the confirmation is a ticket for admission to a mature content performance.
  • the computer system 801 performs a portion or all of the processing steps of the invention in response to processor 803 executing one or more sequences of one or more instructions contained in a memory, such as the main hard disk memory 807. Such instructions may be read into the main hard disk memory 807 from another computer readable medium, such as storage device 808. One or more processors in a multi-processing arrangement may also be employed to execute the sequences of instructions contained in main hard disk memory 807. In alternative embodiments, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions. Thus, embodiments are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software.
  • the system 801 includes at least one computer readable medium or memory programmed according to the teachings of the invention and for storing data structures, tables, records, or other data described herein.
  • Examples of computer readable media are compact discs, hard disks, floppy disks, tape, magneto-optical disks, PROMs (EPROM, EEPROM, Flash EPROM), DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, etc.
  • the present invention includes software for controlling the computer system 801, for driving a device or devices for implementing the invention, and for enabling the computer system 801 to interact with a human user.
  • Such software may include, but is not limited to, device drivers, operating systems, development tools, and applications software.
  • Such computer readable media further includes the computer program product of the present invention for performing all or a portion (if processing is distributed) of the processing performed in implementing the invention.
  • the computer code devices of the present invention may be any interpreted or executable code mechanism, including but not limited to scripts, interpreters, dynamic link libraries, Java classes, and complete executable programs. Moreover, parts of the processing of the present invention may be distributed for better performance, reliability, and/or cost.
  • Non-volatile media includes, for example, optical, magnetic disks, and magneto-optical disks, such as storage device 807 and/or 808.
  • Transmission media includes coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise bus 802. Transmission media also may also take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio wave and infrared data communications.
  • Computer readable media include, for example, hard disks, floppy disks, tape, magneto-optical disks, PROMs (EPROM, EEPROM, Flash EPROM), DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, or any other magnetic medium, compact disks (e.g., CD-ROM), or any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, or other physical medium with patterns of holes, a carrier wave (described below), or any other medium from which a computer can read.
  • Various forms of computer readable media may be involved in carrying out one or more sequences of one or more instructions to processor 803 for execution.
  • the instructions may initially be carried on a magnetic disk of a remote computer.
  • the remote computer can load the instructions for implementing all or a portion of the present invention remotely into a dynamic memory and send the instructions over a telephone line using a modem.
  • a modem local to computer system 801 may receive the data on the telephone line and use an infrared transmitter to convert the data to an infrared signal.
  • An infrared detector coupled to bus 802 can receive the data carried in the infrared signal and place the data on bus 802.
  • Bus 802 carries the data to main hard disk memory 807, from which processor 803 retrieves and executes the instructions.
  • the instructions received by main hard disk memory 807 may optionally be stored on a removable media storage device 808 either before or after execution by processor 803.
  • Computer system 801 also includes a communication interface 813 coupled to bus 802.
  • communication interface 813 can itself form a confirmation output device 630b when an electronic confirmation is communicated electronically to another device such as a cash register, credit-card billing device, ticket printer, boarding pass printer, and/or vending machine.
  • electronic confirmations can include, for example, electronic codes automatically transmitted to the register of a vendor, electronic order placed directly with a vendor upon the customer's indication, or deductions from a customer's account upon purchase or order of a product.
  • Communication interface 813 provides a two- way data communication coupling to a communications network 816 that is connected to a local network 815.
  • communication interface 813 may be a network interface card to attach to any packet switched local area network (LAN).
  • LAN packet switched local area network
  • communication interface 813 may be an asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL) card, an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card or a modem to provide a data communication connection to a corresponding type of telephone line.
  • ADSL asymmetrical digital subscriber line
  • ISDN integrated services digital network
  • Wireless links may also be implemented.
  • communication interface 813 sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams representing various types of information.
  • Communications network 816 typically provides data communication through one or more networks to other data devices.
  • communications network 816 may provide a connection to another computer (not shown) through local network 815 (e.g., a LAN) or through equipment operated by a service provider, which provides communication services through a communications network 816.
  • Communications network 816 can form network 620 of FIG. 1.
  • computer 801 is one of the interactions sites 630 while central database system 610 is formed by another computer 801.
  • local network 815 and communications network 816 preferably use electrical, electromagnetic, or optical signals that carry digital data streams.
  • the signals through the various networks and the signals on network link 814 and through communication interface 813, which cany the digital data to and from computer system 801, are exemplary forms of carrier waves transporting the information.
  • Computer system 801 can transmit notifications and receive data, including program code, through the network(s), network link 814 and communication interface 813.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
  • Collating Specific Patterns (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé, un système et un support lisible par un ordinateur qui déterminent et/ou confirment si un individu est légalement autorisé à acheter un produit réglementé, sur la base d'une mesure biométrique. Les informations biométriques sont reçues et utilisées pour identifier un groupe auquel appartient un client potentiel. Ces informations d'appartenance au groupe sont utilisées pour confirmer si un individu est légalement autorisé à acheter un produit réglementé. Cette opération peut s'effectuer, p. ex., par comparaison des informations d'appartenance déterminées avec des informations juridiques spécifiques à un certain produit réglementé. Un enregistrement des informations biométriques fournies peut, par ailleurs, être stocké pour limiter la responsabilité du vendeur en cas d'informations falsifiées.
EP01908594A 2000-10-25 2001-02-01 Procede et systeme utilisant des mesures biometriques pour determiner si un individu est autorise a effectuer un achat Withdrawn EP1328906A1 (fr)

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US69540700A 2000-10-25 2000-10-25
US695407 2000-10-25
PCT/US2001/000677 WO2002035480A1 (fr) 2000-10-25 2001-02-01 Procede et systeme utilisant des mesures biometriques pour determiner si un individu est autorise a effectuer un achat

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JP (1) JP2004512620A (fr)
AU (1) AU2001236446A1 (fr)
BE (1) BE1014062A6 (fr)
CA (1) CA2426838A1 (fr)
IT (1) ITMI20010341A1 (fr)
PT (1) PT102594A (fr)
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ITMI20010341A1 (it) 2002-08-20
ZA200101178B (en) 2001-08-16
PT102594A (pt) 2002-04-29
JP2004512620A (ja) 2004-04-22
BE1014062A6 (fr) 2003-03-04
CA2426838A1 (fr) 2002-05-02
AU2001236446A1 (en) 2002-05-06
WO2002035480A1 (fr) 2002-05-02

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