EP1324423A1 - Kostengünstig gedruckte rundstrahlende Monopolantenne für ultrabreitbandige mobile Anwendungen - Google Patents

Kostengünstig gedruckte rundstrahlende Monopolantenne für ultrabreitbandige mobile Anwendungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1324423A1
EP1324423A1 EP01130864A EP01130864A EP1324423A1 EP 1324423 A1 EP1324423 A1 EP 1324423A1 EP 01130864 A EP01130864 A EP 01130864A EP 01130864 A EP01130864 A EP 01130864A EP 1324423 A1 EP1324423 A1 EP 1324423A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
dielectric substrate
plane
reflector
monopole antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01130864A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Veselin Advanced Tech. Cr. Stuttgart Brankovic
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Sony Deutschland GmbH
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Sony International Europe GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sony International Europe GmbH filed Critical Sony International Europe GmbH
Priority to EP01130864A priority Critical patent/EP1324423A1/de
Publication of EP1324423A1 publication Critical patent/EP1324423A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/526—Electromagnetic shields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface

Definitions

  • the underlying invention generally relates to the field of microwave antennas applicable for example to Smart Handheld Devices (SHDs) with high-speed mobile access, and, more particularly, to a solution for a monopole antenna having an omni-directional radiation pattern said monopole antenna is formed by a conductive patch printed on the same substrate where the RF front-end chip is placed.
  • SHDs Smart Handheld Devices
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • IEEE 802.11a Wireless Local Area Network
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • broadband third and fourth generation cellular systems will be designed to meet QoS requirements of high-performance wireless communication systems in a more cost-effective and flexible manner.
  • one of the most critical QoS aspects of mobile communications is the choice and deployment of appropriately designed microwave antennas.
  • the rapid growth in civil applications of mobile communications, particularly the increased use of personal mobile terminals, has generated a need for the development of small mobile terminals and small-sized radiating systems.
  • microwave antennas are specified according to a set of parameters comprising operating frequency, gain, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), input impedance and bandwidth. If the VSWR is greater than 3, for instance, a so-called matching network must be placed between the transmitter and its antenna to minimize mismatch loss, although a low VSWR is not a design necessity as long as the antenna is an efficient radiator. Said design is costly and makes an automation of the matching function much slower than designs applying low-power and solid-state tuning elements. In practical applications, the bandwidth of operation is usually prescribed by a governing authority.
  • microstrip antennas in its simplest form consists of a radiating strip conductor patch on top of a thin dielectric substrate or air sheet, and a metallic ground plane on the other side of said substrate. It can be made conformal to a metallic surface and produced at low cost by using photo-etch techniques. When low-profile, lightweight, small-size and low-cost designs are required, microstrip antennas play an important role.
  • the patch or top layer can be of any shape, but conventional shapes are generally used to simplify analysis and performance prediction. In practical applications, typical shapes of patch radiators are circular and rectangular.
  • the permittivity ⁇ r should be low in order to enhance fringe fields which account for the radiation. However, other performance and design requirements may dictate the use of substrates whose realistic permittivities ⁇ r may be greater than 5.
  • microstrip antennas also involve several drawbacks compared with conventional microwave antennas, e.g. narrow bandwidth (typically in the order of 2 %), a comparatively high dissipation power and therefore a lower gain (about 20 dB), a relatively poor end-fire radiation performance, and the possibility to excite surface waves.
  • narrow bandwidth typically in the order of 2
  • dissipation power typically in the order of 2
  • lower gain about 20 dB
  • the majority of conventional microwave antennas radiates most of the energy into only a half plane.
  • Various impedance matching networks have been investigated, but the feed network may become quite complex and lossy. It is possible, however, to find remedies against some of these disadvantages by using appropriate designs.
  • MLA Meander Line Antenna
  • Said MLA comprises one or more conductive radiation elements and a slow-wave meander line adapted to couple electrical signals between said conductive elements.
  • said meander line has an effective electrical length which affects the electrical length and operating characteristics of the MLA.
  • an antenna construction for mobile phones according to the GSM standard comprises a metallic plane and side walls limiting a box-shaped volume and a resonator element bent over a lateral edge of said plane.
  • said resonator element can be kept at a distance by means of a symmetrically arranged short-circuit element and a feeding.
  • the height of said antenna construction is very flat since the distance between the plane and the bent part of the resonator element attached above said plane is smaller than that between the front surface and the L-Shaped bent resonator element.
  • the disclosed antenna has a bandwidth of approximately 20 % and a high efficiency.
  • a modified monopole antenna with a compact size for small mobile devices which is specially suited for an adaptation to thin profile expansion cards such as the PC standard card as well as other mobile devices with small form factors.
  • This antenna comprises a substantially horizontal ground plane from which a radiator element protrudes which extends upwardly from a central location on the ground plane and bends away from the mobile device.
  • the shape of the radiator element allows the antenna to be retraced into a host device while minimizing the amount of space required to house the antenna in said device.
  • Particular embodiments of the herewith disclosed invention comprise hinging mechanisms to make the antenna more compact and switching mechanisms for an automatic activation of wireless functionality when the antenna is employed.
  • a low-profile broadband monopole antenna is disclosed.
  • Said antenna is operable over a predetermined range of frequency, thereby comprising a transmission line, a transformer network connected to one end of the transmission line, and at least one inductor-resistor network connected to an opposite end of said transformer network.
  • Said inductor-resistor network changes the effective electrical length of the antenna in such a way that the current distribution above and below said inductor-resistor network changes with the frequency of operation.
  • the US patent 6,188,366 is directed to a monopole antenna system that can be operated at a plurality of frequencies comprising a disk-shaped conductor, a first and a second ring-shaped conductor arranged in that order on the same plane.
  • a linear conductor is perpendicularly connected to the center of the disk-shaped conductor, and the outer edge of the disk-shaped conductor is connected to the inner edge of the first ring-shaped conductor via a first anti-resonance circuit.
  • the outer edge of the first ring-shaped conductor is connected to the inner edge of the second ring-shaped conductor via a second anti-resonance circuit.
  • an electrical blocking is obtained in such a way that electromagnetic waves of three different frequencies can be excited by the system from the linear conductor to the disk-shaped conductor, the first ring-shaped conductor and the second ring-shaped conductor.
  • the US patent 6,181,286 pertains to an integrated dual-mode antenna which can be used as a satellite or terrestrial antenna. It comprises a quadrifilar antenna and a monopole antenna positioned within said quadrifilar antenna, thereby being independent of said quadrifilar antenna. Due to the fact that said monopole antenna has no electromagnetic field in its center, interference or blockage of signals transmitted by the monopole antenna do not occur, thus allowing the antenna to function as if it was completely isolated. This feature facilitates the co-location of said monopole antenna within said quadrifilar antenna without any loss in performance.
  • WO 00/76023 relates to a flat-plate monopole antenna comprising a conductive ground plane, a conductive radiating plate, an antenna interface terminal, and a resonant network for defining operating characteristics of said monopole antenna.
  • the conductive radiating plate is spaced apart from the ground plane and, together with the ground plane, defines a cavity therebetween.
  • Said antenna interface terminal is in communication with the cavity and is electrically isolated from the ground plane and the radiating plate.
  • the resonant network includes an inductive element electrically coupled between the interface terminal and the radiating plate.
  • a problem that arises from standard monopole antennas is the dependence on the ground plane as a conjugate radiation element, as well as its small cross-section.
  • the former characteristic has the effect of placing the user in capacitive contact with radiating portions of the antenna system, while the latter provides for high field strengths in close proximity to the antenna, which can produce radiation densities that may exceed government safety limits if adequate spacing or shielding cannot be obtained.
  • the near-field reduction in the above-described MLA is due to its spatially distributed radiating sections serving to form the far-field radiation pattern. At some distance from the antenna, the far-field intensities of both antennas are identical, thereby assuming equal losses.
  • An active power control can reduce the RF power output from the transmitter to a lower level than that achieved with an omni-directional antenna, thereby producing the same received signal level.
  • the underlying invention describes a low-cost solution for an antenna structure which allows an integration of the antenna on the same substrate where the RF front-end chip (chip sets) is (are) placed.
  • the independent claim 1 and the dependent claims 2 to 4 refer to a planar monopole antenna having an omni-directional radiation pattern formed by a conductive patch which is used as a radiation element of a mobile computing and/or communication device and/or a base station for the transmission and/or reception of microwaves within a predetermined bandwidth of operation, characterized in that
  • independent claim 5 and the dependent claim 6 relate to an antenna system of a mobile computing and/or communication device and/or a base station used for the transmission and/or reception of microwaves within a predetermined bandwidth of operation, in which at least two planar monopole antennas having omni-directional radiation patterns, each formed by a conductive patch used as a radiation element are applied.
  • Fig. 1 depicts a radiation element for RF signals used in the scope of a mobile terminal which is formed by a printed planar monopole antenna 106 according to the proposed solution of the underlying invention.
  • the features of said monopole antenna 106 can be summarized as follows:
  • the concept of the monopole antenna 106 as described above can be verified with the aid of a simulation using a specific 3D antenna software. Thereby, the finite dimensions of the reflection plane 103, as well as metallic reflector boxes 102 can be considered.
  • the wall thickness of the metallic reflector box 102 is assumed to be zero, as well as losses in dielectric substrate 104a.
  • simple reflector boxes 102 with a finite size of 100 ⁇ 200 mm 2 as well as metallic reflector boxes 102 having a size of 50 ⁇ 50 ⁇ 10 mm 3 up to a very small size of 20 ⁇ 20 ⁇ 10 mm 3 are used for simulations. Thereby, it may be observed that the operation bandwidth tends to be smaller when a smaller reflection box 102 is applied.
  • Figs. 4 to 11 depict the frequency characteristic of a simulated scattering parameter S 11 for structures comprising a metallic reflector box 102 with a finite size, in which S 11 is less than -10 dB for applications on the basis of HiperLAN/2.
  • Fig. 5 depicts the radiation characteristics of said monopole antenna 106 in case of an open reflector box 102 with a finite size at 5 GHz, in which the maximum gain G max of approximately +1.5 dBi is obtained at an azimuthal angle ⁇ of approximately ⁇ 60°. Thereby, it can be observed that the maximum gain is theoretically around 1.5 dBi at 60° elevation.
  • Fig. 6 shows the frequency characteristic of the simulated scattering parameter S 11 for structures comprising a metallic reflector box 102 with a finite small size as depicted in Fig. 1, in which a minimum of approximately -17.0 dBi is obtained at approximately 5.3 GHz.
  • the radiation characteristics of said monopole antenna 106 in case of an open reflector box 102 with a small size at 5.5 GHz can be taken from Fig. 7, in which the maximum gain G max of approximately 0.28 dBi is obtained at an azimuthal angle ⁇ of ⁇ 60°.
  • Fig. 8 shows an omni-directional antenna pattern at an elevation angle ⁇ of 90°.
  • FIG. 9 shows a simulation for one embodiment of the proposed monopole antenna 106 with a very small reflector box 102 having a size of approximately 5 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1 cm 3 .
  • Fig. 10 exhibits the simulated radiation characteristics of said monopole antenna 106 for the reflector box 102 depicted in Fig. 9 which can be observed when an omni-directional diagram is obtained. Due to the simplified simulation model and the small sizes of the reflector box 102 and its reflector slot 202 at the bottom part of said reflector box 102, some back plane peaks may occur.
  • Fig. 9 shows a simulation for one embodiment of the proposed monopole antenna 106 with a very small reflector box 102 having a size of approximately 5 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1 cm 3 .
  • Fig. 10 exhibits the simulated radiation characteristics of said monopole antenna 106 for the reflector box 102 depicted in Fig. 9 which can be observed when an omni-directional diagram is obtained. Due to the simplified simulation model and the small sizes of the reflector box
  • FIG. 11 depicts the frequency characteristic of a simulated scattering parameter S 11 according to the proposed embodiment of the underlying invention, in which a singularity is obtained at approximately 5.3 GHz, simulated for structures comprising a small reflector box 102 with a finite size without any optimization to specific requirements.
  • the proposed concept is quite simple and can be realized with less cost compared with the solutions according to the cited state of the art.
  • the total size of the radiation element 106 is smaller than the size of comparable radiation elements according to the state of the art.
  • Glossary Term Brief Explanation Access Point (AP) Antenna An omni-directional antenna or multiple panel (directional) antennas mounted on a tall tower or building.
  • Antenna Directivity The ratio of the maximum radiation intensity to the average radiation intensity (averaged over a sphere). It is a measure of how focused an antenna coverage pattern is in a given direction.
  • a theoretical loss-less antenna element, referred to as a isotropic element has 0 dBi directive gain equally distributed in all three dimensions.
  • antennas are normally designed to focus or concentrate the antenna pattern only in the direction of the radio link, thereby maximizing energy usage.
  • the directivity of any source, other than isotropic, is always greater than unity.
  • Antenna Efficiency A parameter which is used to compare basic antenna radiation elements. It is a measure of how much of the electrical power supplied to an antenna element is converted to electromagnetic power. A hundred per cent efficient antenna would theoretically convert all input power into radiated power, with no loss to resistive or dielectric elements. Thereby, the total antenna efficiency accounts for the following losses: - reflection due to mismatches between the feeding transmission line and the antenna, and - antenna conductor and dielectric losses.
  • Antenna Gain The product of the directivity and the efficiency of an antenna.
  • This parameter is used to compare different antenna radiation characteristics. Unlike directivity, it takes into account both the directive property of the antenna, as well as how efficiently it transforms available input power into radiated power. If the efficiency is not 100 %, the gain is less than the directivity.
  • the reference is a lossless isotropic antenna
  • the gain is expressed in dBi (decibels as referenced to an isotropic antenna element).
  • An isotropic antenna is a theoretical point source radiating equal power in all directions, resulting in a perfect spherical pattern. This ideal reference point is defined as 0 dBi.
  • the reference is a half-wave dipole antenna, the gain is expressed in dBd (decibels as referenced to a dipole antenna element).
  • Antenna Pattern A graphical representation for the radiation of an antenna as a function of the azimuthal angle and/or elevation angle. Antenna radiation performance is usually measured and recorded in two orthogonal principal planes (e.g. E-Plane and H-plane or vertical and horizontal planes). The pattern is usually plotted either in polar or rectangular coordinates.
  • the pattern of most WLAN antennas contains a main lobe and several minor lobes, termed side lobes. A side lobe occurring in space in the direction opposite to the main lobe is called back lobe.
  • Chu-Harrington Limit A theoretical limit (curve) relating the volumetric size of an antenna element to its quality or bandwidth of operation.
  • MLA Meander Line Antenna
  • CPE Customer Premises
  • Antenna Usually a small directional antenna which points to an access point (AP).
  • Directional Antenna An antenna having the property of radiating or receiving electromagnetic waves more effectively in some directions than in others.
  • a directional antenna is usually defined as uni-directional and not omni-directional.
  • Effective Radiated Power ERP In a given direction, the relative gain of a transmitting antenna with respect to the maximum directivity of a half-wave dipole multiplied by the net power accepted by the antenna from the connected transmitter.
  • EIRP is the effective radiated power with respect to the directivity of an isotropic radiator.
  • Frequency Bandwidth The range of frequencies within which the performance of the antenna, with respect to some characteristics, conforms to a specified standard. In this context, the VSWR of an antenna is the main bandwidth-limiting factor.
  • Gain Pattern Normalizing the power/field to that of a reference antenna yields a gain pattern. When the reference is an isotropic antenna, the gain is expressed in dBi. When the reference is a half-wave dipole in free space, the gain is expressed in dBd.
  • Half-Wave Dipole A wire antenna consisting of two straight collinear conductors of equal length, separated by a small feeding gap, with each conductor approximately a quarter-wavelength long.
  • Isotropic Radiator A hypothetical, lossless antenna having equal radiation intensity in all directions.
  • the gain in dBi is referenced to that of an isotropic antenna (which is defined as 0 dBi).
  • Linear Array A set of radiation elements (e.g. dipoles or patches) arranged along a line with dimensions comparable to a wavelength.
  • a linear array has a higher gain than a single radiator, and its radiation pattern can be synthesized to meet various antenna performance requirements such as upper side lobe suppression. It should be noted that the gain of any antenna is proportional to its size.
  • Meander Line Antenna A new type of three-dimensional radiation element, made from a patented combination of a loop antenna and frequency-tuning meander lines.
  • Microstrip Antenna An antenna which consists of a thin metallic conductor bonded to a thin grounded dielectric substrate. An example of such antenna is the microstrip patch. Normalized Pattern Normalizing the power/field with respect to its maximum value yields a normalized power/field pattern with a maximum value of unity (or 0 dB). Omni-directional Antenna An antenna having an essentially non-directional pattern in a given plane of the antenna and a directional pattern in any orthogonal plane.
  • the omni-directional plane is the horizontal plane spanned by the x- and y-axis.
  • Radiation Efficiency The ratio of the total power radiated by an antenna to the net power accepted by the antenna from the connected transmitter.
  • Return Loss The difference between the power input to and the power reflected from a discontinuity in a transmission circuit. This parameter is often expressed as the ratio in decibels of the power incident on an antenna terminal to the power reflected from the terminal at a particular frequency or in a band of frequencies.
  • SAR Specific Absorption Rate
  • VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
  • Feature 100 3D front view of the proposed radiation element 106 formed by conductive patch serving as a planar monopole antenna printed on a dielectric substrate 104 that is passed through a slot 202 in the reflector plane 103 on top of a metallic reflector box 102 102 metallic reflector box with a finite (electrically small) size which serves as a casing for the monopole antenna 106 103 reflector plane of said reflector box 102 104a dielectric substrate which can be inserted into a reflector slot 202 of said reflector box 102 104b grounded back plane of said dielectric substrate 104a 105 microstrip line printed on said dielectric substrate 104a which serves as an electrical feeding line from an impedance matching network to the monopole antenna 106 106 radiation element (planar monopole antenna) having an omni-directional radiation pattern formed by a conductive patch printed on said dielectric substrate 104 106a lateral edge of said radiation element 106 106b upper edge of said radiation

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
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EP01130864A 2001-12-27 2001-12-27 Kostengünstig gedruckte rundstrahlende Monopolantenne für ultrabreitbandige mobile Anwendungen Withdrawn EP1324423A1 (de)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7327315B2 (en) 2003-11-21 2008-02-05 Artimi Ltd. Ultrawideband antenna
US7417588B2 (en) 2004-01-30 2008-08-26 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antennas for mobile network communications devices
US7733265B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2010-06-08 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Three dimensional integrated automotive radars and methods of manufacturing the same
US7830301B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2010-11-09 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Dual-band antenna array and RF front-end for automotive radars
US7990237B2 (en) 2009-01-16 2011-08-02 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. System and method for improving performance of coplanar waveguide bends at mm-wave frequencies
US8022861B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2011-09-20 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Dual-band antenna array and RF front-end for mm-wave imager and radar
US8738103B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2014-05-27 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US8786496B2 (en) 2010-07-28 2014-07-22 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Three-dimensional array antenna on a substrate with enhanced backlobe suppression for mm-wave automotive applications
CN108336488A (zh) * 2018-01-29 2018-07-27 佛山市粤海信通讯有限公司 一种顶部加载的宽频吸顶天线
CN111092284A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-01 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 客户前置设备
US10727585B2 (en) 2017-07-11 2020-07-28 Hongik University Industry-Academia Cooperation Foundation Directional monopole array antenna using hybrid type ground plane

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EP0522538A2 (de) * 1991-07-11 1993-01-13 Nec Corporation Tragbares Funkgerät ohne Abschirmgehäuse
DE19647648A1 (de) * 1996-11-18 1998-05-28 Ind Tech Res Inst Kopf-belastete, dreieckige, gedruckte Antenne
US5828340A (en) * 1996-10-25 1998-10-27 Johnson; J. Michael Wideband sub-wavelength antenna
EP1113524A2 (de) * 1999-12-30 2001-07-04 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Antennenstruktur, Verfahren zur Kopplung eines Signals an die Antennenstruktur, Antenneneinheit und Mobilstation mit einer derartigen Antennenstruktur

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EP0522538A2 (de) * 1991-07-11 1993-01-13 Nec Corporation Tragbares Funkgerät ohne Abschirmgehäuse
US5828340A (en) * 1996-10-25 1998-10-27 Johnson; J. Michael Wideband sub-wavelength antenna
DE19647648A1 (de) * 1996-11-18 1998-05-28 Ind Tech Res Inst Kopf-belastete, dreieckige, gedruckte Antenne
EP1113524A2 (de) * 1999-12-30 2001-07-04 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Antennenstruktur, Verfahren zur Kopplung eines Signals an die Antennenstruktur, Antenneneinheit und Mobilstation mit einer derartigen Antennenstruktur

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7327315B2 (en) 2003-11-21 2008-02-05 Artimi Ltd. Ultrawideband antenna
US7417588B2 (en) 2004-01-30 2008-08-26 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antennas for mobile network communications devices
US9099773B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2015-08-04 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US12095149B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2024-09-17 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US11735810B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2023-08-22 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US11349200B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2022-05-31 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US11031677B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2021-06-08 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US10644380B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2020-05-05 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US8738103B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2014-05-27 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US9899727B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2018-02-20 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US8022861B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2011-09-20 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Dual-band antenna array and RF front-end for mm-wave imager and radar
US8305255B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2012-11-06 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Dual-band antenna array and RF front-end for MM-wave imager and radar
US8305259B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2012-11-06 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Dual-band antenna array and RF front-end for mm-wave imager and radar
US7830301B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2010-11-09 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Dual-band antenna array and RF front-end for automotive radars
US7733265B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2010-06-08 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Three dimensional integrated automotive radars and methods of manufacturing the same
US7990237B2 (en) 2009-01-16 2011-08-02 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. System and method for improving performance of coplanar waveguide bends at mm-wave frequencies
US8786496B2 (en) 2010-07-28 2014-07-22 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Three-dimensional array antenna on a substrate with enhanced backlobe suppression for mm-wave automotive applications
US10727585B2 (en) 2017-07-11 2020-07-28 Hongik University Industry-Academia Cooperation Foundation Directional monopole array antenna using hybrid type ground plane
CN108336488A (zh) * 2018-01-29 2018-07-27 佛山市粤海信通讯有限公司 一种顶部加载的宽频吸顶天线
CN108336488B (zh) * 2018-01-29 2024-02-20 佛山市粤海信通讯有限公司 一种顶部加载的宽频吸顶天线
CN111092284A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-01 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 客户前置设备

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