EP1323976A2 - Lighting apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The lighting is controllable in color temperature and/or brightness. It can be set to correspond with color temperature and brightness associated with particular weather states, time-of-day and time-of-year <??>An Independent claim is included for the corresponding method of use.

Description

The invention relates in particular to a lighting device, and their components and means, and methods of operating the same and possible uses of the same.

For illuminating rooms that are not sufficiently supplied with daylight a variety of lighting means are known. Spots, Desk lamps, ceiling spotlights and other punctiform Illumination sources provide local lighting e.g. of work, Living or sales area. Known disadvantages of this Types of lighting are strong drop shadows, easy shading the surface to be illuminated by, for example, the viewer, Glare from the filament, unwanted reflections from the illuminated objects, as well as large differences in brightness within the Space that cause the eyes of a person who was previously on the has looked at the more illuminated area, more adaptation work when looking into an unlit part of the room.

In this regard, large-scale lighting concepts are a Improvement. A variety of downward facing spots (e.g. Halogen spots) or fluorescent tubes distribute the light more evenly in the room and thus avoid most of the above Disadvantages such as Shadow formation and increased adaptation work of the Eye. The point- or line-shaped illuminants give that Light is so concentrated on its surface that a person who is in looks at the lighting fixture, then is blinded.

Indirect lighting types are another improvement These include e.g. Fluorescent tubes arranged behind diffusers or spotlights that are directed against the ceiling, for example, and thus provide indirect lighting. Because the light is very is given over large areas, the disadvantages mentioned above eliminated.

However, all of the lighting systems mentioned above are disadvantageous common, namely that light from man as artificial light is felt and understood. Generated a variety of halogen spots although a very good illumination at a color temperature that the Natural sunlight comes very close, but is numerous Light sources distributed in such a way that people are aware at all times that it is is not natural light.

Fluorescent tubes, on the other hand, produce a much more even light, with the hue that these tubes radiate being particularly artificial and cold, that is, felt unnatural.

However, people prefer natural light. Working or living in a room that has little or no natural light, is reluctant to accept what also affects the psyche, Willingness to consume and work performance affects.

Rooms that are supplied with little or no natural light, also have the disadvantage that the living in it working people have no feeling for the natural daily routine to have. So it is possible, especially in winter, that people at Darkness enter an illuminated room, in it throughout the day work and back in the evening when leaving the bright room Darkness kick, with the unsatisfactory feeling that it is never day was, or the day was missed. As is known Natural light strengthens the psyche and also has a positive effect on the Willingness to consume and work capacity is this situation unsatisfactory.

For this reason, natural light shines through wherever possible Windows or skylights directed into a building. However, this is over constructional perspective not always possible. There are also seasons and Weather conditions, in which the view from the window because of the dim or dark mood lighting is not edifying.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a to create improved lighting device for rooms that the Avoids the disadvantages mentioned above, including the Labor productivity / well-being of those in the to be illuminated People working / living increases.

This object is achieved by a lighting device according to the corresponding independent claims, and procedures for operation of such a device in the process claims. advantageous Refinements are the subject of the dependent claims.

Through the device according to the invention, the color temperature and Brightness adjustable so that such a color temperature in the room and brightness prevail, which e.g. outdoors on a summer morning would prevail in good weather. Depending on the design of the Lighting device according to the invention is under a "typical Color temperature and / or brightness "understood, for example, the following effect: For example, the lighting device can be used in the entire area the ceiling, or a light shaft-like section of the same include. If the lighting device is now on summer day is set, then arises for the person in the room the impression that the ceiling of the room is open and the view of the Heaven allowed. This can e.g. can also be increased in that a e.g. typical color gradient for the morning or twilight mood generated from orange to blue on the ceiling. It is also possible that the viewer has the large surface mounted on the ceiling Lighting device not as an open sky, but as an optically airy one Blanket, for example in the form of a frosted glass roof, one Understands awning or a tent and therefore believes an intense Feel contact with natural light.

In a further embodiment, it is essentially a matter of that the lighting conditions in the room are as if natural light from e.g. a window, a milk window or a Skylight would flood into the room. It doesn't matter that a drop shadow is achieved as in direct sunlight becomes.

The illusion can be reinforced by the fact that dynamic Brightness fluctuations from left to right occur as with moving clouds can be observed. These effects can be such be designed so that fluctuations in brightness or color tone locally on the Lighting device are generated, or that - largely subconsciously noticeable to the observer - intensity fluctuations be made in the entire lighting device. In in any case, even with a combination of the effects mentioned for the observer the feeling that he is experiencing a beautiful weather Day.

This immediately results in an increase in labor productivity through increased well-being. This effect is extremely there too watch where people normally don't or bad at one work with natural light, such as in multi-storey open-plan offices, small rooms, basements and large ones Shopping centers. It is also known that the readiness of Consumers visit a shopping center to stay in it and to generate sales as the impression increases it is conveyed that there is a lighting connection to the outside. This also makes it possible to design the less favorable lighting technology Use areas of buildings more intensively and successfully.

An embodiment follows, it essentially comes to the fact that the viewer receives no evidence that the Lighting situation is not a natural one. Accordingly, that the lighting means that illuminate the focusing screen through a screen is hidden from the eyes of the viewer so that the individual lighting means are not recognizable as such. It is important that the scatter and translucency of the Focusing screen, its distance from the lighting and the Distance of the lighting means are matched to one another such that the illuminants do not appear on the focusing screen. The Viewer would see through the artificial lighting situation, if e.g. B. on the ground glass various rod-like Illumination maxima would be recognizable and therefore the observer on a fluorescent tube closes.

In this context, every medium is covered by a focusing screen understood which is translucent without being transparent and Light scatters. A focusing screen is particularly suitable if it is a wide light spectrum including the near ultraviolet and transmits infrared wavelengths. The near ultraviolet and infrared Area is the border area to visible light, the existence of which from People are somehow perceived, but for the eye in appears essentially invisible. This particularly broad spectrum of light overall reinforces the impression of natural light, which as is perceived as particularly pleasant.

The device can also be in the form of a wall or a window be designed. You can e.g. a window-like one in a false wall Provide an opening and attach the focusing screen behind this opening, so that there is an illusion of a window for the observer standing in front of it with a view of the blue sky with the corresponding luminosity results. For all illusions where the impression of a natural It is important that the The focusing screen is free of textures, seams and dirt. It is missing Structures in the area of the focusing screen, the eye cannot do that Estimate the distance from the focusing screen and you get the impression a width that is greater than the actual distance to the focusing screen.

The device is particularly generous when it is the size of a occupies the entire side wall of a room, such as B. a window, which, as it were, frameless on the ceiling, floor and side walls concludes.

In a further embodiment, the lighting device can be used also provide as a room divider, either in the sense of a Spanish one Wall, that is, a wall that does not reach the ceiling and also can be movable, or the shape that lighting are provided, which are provided together with them on both sides Focusing screens result in a room dividing wall. The advantage of such Arrangement is that two rooms at the same time with one device can be illuminated, what installation, material and Saving energy costs.

An embodiment of the invention provides a control device for the Lighting device to provide dynamic lighting effects achieve. Dynamic control in the sense of the invention then lies before, e.g. the brightness and / or color temperature is changed to to achieve an effect typical of natural light, e.g. the above mentioned brightness fluctuations caused by cloud migration, or but a daily routine. Everyone is of course also dynamic Control of lighting understood a certain effect causes, e.g. "Mood colors in discos, in advertising, in sales and at exhibitions ",

Under dynamically controllable lighting effects in the sense of present invention also falls from a change / wander Color zones, e.g. the effect of dawn from below an orange zone coming, the blue zone above increasingly pushed upwards. Everyone is dynamically controllable Effect in which the overall brightness, Overall color, or the brightness or color distribution f of the focusing screen changed.

An embodiment of the invention provides that the Lighting device in the room a light and color Simulation of a daily routine. Are natural Different weather conditions and seasons can be simulated Simulation can be selected depending on the respective climate situation become. For example, during the short, dark days in November the daily routine of a sunny November day to be simulated not to irritate the sense of time. Conversely, it can also be useful be, in countries and in times of warm climates the weather situation "dense Clouds "to simulate. Dense clouds are characterized by that it becomes light later, the light makes a gray impression, and no pronounced brightness maxima during the day due to the high sun can be seen. The seasons differ essentially by the highest sun, which is the color temperature affects the length of day and the duration of twilight.

In order not to irritate the sense of time of the people illuminated in this way, provides an embodiment of the invention that the device synchronously is set to the natural daily run. People in one Basement rooms experience the day as if they were outside and can use it to synchronize their internal clock with the day. The natural daily running is either timed, that is determined theoretically or on the basis of those actually available outdoors Brightness values. The latter enables people to do so without contradiction Leaving or entering the illuminated room. This is based on following example clearly:

In very bad weather it can happen that it is at five o'clock Afternoon outside is almost dark, while with a cloudless sky a comparable darkness much later than half past six would prevail. Will in the room illuminated according to the invention a good weather day simulated in time, so it leaves in it busy person at five o'clock the room in the belief that it was still light and suddenly steps into the dark outdoors. However, this destroys his illusion to have previously been exposed to natural light. Orientates the simulated daily routine according to the invention, however, on the outside actually prevailing brightness, so you experience one in the room, shortened compared to the actual theoretical day length Day, but this day much brighter, e.g. B. with sunshine. This results in the advantageous effects already mentioned for the illuminated people.

Another idea of the invention is that a fictitious daily routine, e.g. is produced for night workers, who move or stretch the time means shortened or extended. can be against natural day. People who have a daily work routine that is in the natural The person's sleep phase falls, feeling the encouraging effect of natural daylight. It is therefore particularly advantageous if the simulated day becomes increasingly dark towards the end of the shift, whereby the Illusion is particularly successful if at this point in time obviously artificial lighting, such as Desk lamps to be turned on. As a result, the People at the end of their working hours the rest phase lighting technology initiated.

The lighting device according to the invention naturally produces this appearing, dynamically changeable light by a variety of colored light sources, whereby reference can be made to the color theory. It is therefore completely sufficient if these light sources in their Intensity, that is, brightness can be influenced. Colored light sources are those that are in certain colors such as Red, yellow, blue shine, but also the colors white, as well as lamps that come from the reasons stated above have infrared and ultraviolet components. Although it is of course possible to put each individual light source individually in their Controlling intensity is cheaper in terms of cost to the individual Combine light sources in groups and together regulate. On the one hand, this reduces the expenditure on equipment and lowers it energy consumption, since the reactive and idle power only once is to be brought up. In a simple case, the Lighting device three differently colored lamps, which in their intensity are coordinated according to the invention. Around to influence this lighting in its intensity, that is, brightness, it is sufficient to have a single control signal for all lamps at the same time to give.

In another embodiment, e.g. all bulbs of the color "Red" together and influences them together in their intensity. at the aforementioned device with only three colors, but one Multiples of light sources are only three control signals sufficient to control the device in color temperature and brightness regulate.

In one embodiment, fluorescent tubes are used as light sources provided because they have a high efficiency of light output Have energy supply. Electronic ballasts enable that Brightness control of the fluorescent tubes ("dimming"), whereby material and Energy costs can be saved if several Fluorescent tubes from an electrical ballast (EVG) are controlled, electronic ballasts feed the Fluorescent tubes with electricity and are e.g. via a serial data signal to regulate the brightness of the connected fluorescent tubes, controllable. The invention further relates to a novel electronic ballast, which later will be explained with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.

It would be possible to use any number of illuminants in the device To use colors. However, the costs and those speak against it homogeneous illumination of the focusing screen. Would be theoretical Illuminants in the colors red, yellow and blue are sufficient for additive Color mix of all shades. However, to ensure good illumination of the To achieve space, it is also necessary to use neutral (white) lamps provided. Under the color white all conceivable white tones are understood, so also the so-called warm tones that a certain Share red, brown.

When using warm-tone illuminants results in one further refinement the possibility of illuminants of the color red to save so that only the colors yellow, blue and warm tone white are needed. Since warm tone white has a certain red component, it is within certain limits it is also possible to produce red tones that but are less intense. A brilliant white results from the additive mixture of warm tone white with a share of blue. In the last mentioned execution can be energy and material costs save and also only needs the lighting device a lower installation depth because the space between two lamps same color, only bulbs with two other colors are required become. Because now that the lamps of the same colors are closer together, the focusing screen can be closer to the Illuminants approach without the illumination on the Focusing screen becomes inhomogeneous.

In a modification of the invention, the same-colored light sources are for example, fluorescent tubes arranged in rows. It can be sufficient to have a line as a whole with a drive signal in it Affect brightness. Depending on the length of the line, you can either two fluorescent tubes operated by a ballast or two ballasts to operate four Fluorescent tubes can be controlled with a single signal. This reduces the effort involved in processing control signals.

As the installation depth of the lighting device increases with increasing The distance between illuminants of the same color increases, it is particularly space-efficient, different rows of lamps to run parallel to each other.

An embodiment of the invention with fluorescent tubes results the problem that two fluorescent tubes of the same color do not go along their longitudinal direction can be mounted in a row without Contact area of the two tubes on the focusing screen inhomogeneities arise. This is because the two ends of one Fluorescent tube (heads) about 5 cm less light than the rest of the fluorescent tube. Also claimed the one intended for the electrical connection of the fluorescent tube Contact element a certain space without emitting light itself. Therefore, two fluorescent tubes in a row form in the Head area an approximately 10 cm long darker area. That can be prevented if the two heads of the adjacent tubes do not hit each other with their ends, but both Fluorescent tubes are arranged laterally offset from each other and the right head of the left fluorescent tube to the side of the left head the right fluorescent tube comes to rest, e.g. a Overlap of approx. 10 cm for TLD 58 W fluorescent tubes are sufficient to provide inhomogeneous illumination of an approx. 20 to 40 cm to prevent the focusing screen.

Illuminants are then in equal parts in the sense of the invention provided if the individual colors are represented such that in the additive lighting effect the entire color spectrum can be represented means e.g. there is no overweighting of the color red such that e.g. The color yellow cannot be represented in comparable intensity.

Another embodiment provides a housing in which the Illuminants are hidden and the focusing screen in such a way side edge of the housing is connected that almost the entire of externally visible surface of the focusing screen from the illuminant is illuminated. This is the case if the housing is in the area the focusing screen is very thin-walled and also inside the housing there are no obstacles or configurations which Negatively affect the homogeneity of the light on the focusing screen. A such design is particularly aesthetic and conveys the desired impression of an opening to the outside.

Basically, all materials with the previous ones are suitable as a focusing screen mentioned lighting properties, such as Frosted glass and scattering (milky) plexiglass. However, these materials are expensive heavy and can only be produced in certain sizes. There are advantages here Films that are supplied as a continuous web on a roll, for example can. This means that very large-area lighting can also be implemented. If the film is seamless, then the depth effect is large Lighting according to the invention is particularly large because of the looking viewers on this no clues for their removal but also welded together, e.g. by High frequency welding, foil webs have an advantage over Plexiglass surfaces, the joints of which due to the refraction of light on the thicker edges of the material are perceived as disturbing.

In this sense, one is made of seamlessly interconnected foils existing focusing screen is particularly advantageous. Below is seamless here understood a connection in which the eye on the illuminated and unlit foil hardly notices the joints.

In the exemplary embodiment, a product made of translucent is used as the film Plastic, preferably PVC, the thickness of which is not 0.25 mm exceeds. Such films are flexible and can be reduced by approx. 2 to 6% by stretching without tearing what for Clamping on a frame, for example, is useful. The Clamping prevents a wavy or even wrinkled surface. The Film also differs from glass in that it is translucent, but is not transparent, so that the viewer to one with the lights off the internal structure of the Lighting stays hidden while lighting is on the film has a wide light spectrum including the ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths in the border area to visible light transmitted, the contours of the light sources used for the Viewers are not visible. A wide light spectrum is for the Impression of natural light is particularly important.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the focusing screen or Obtain the film in such a way that UV radiation below 380 nm is filtered out and thus a bleaching of sensitive materials in the room, as well as premature aging is prevented.

In a preferred embodiment, a through the focusing screen Part of the room separated from a room, the sub-room the housing for the lighting means. This reduces the Material expenditure for the production of a particularly large area Lighting because the ceilings and walls of the room, for example, over Rails, the ground glass equipped with a peripheral piping record in the form of a film. This embodiment is shown in Connection with the drawings explained in detail.

As mentioned above, it is advantageous if the focusing screen is texture free. Unfortunately, insects are particularly light dressed. Discoloration caused by dust, dirt and insects on the The inside of the focusing screen is prevented by the Device is sealed to the outside dust and insect free. This can e.g. through a circumferential tight connection in the form of a Keders, which is suspended in the mounting rails, happen.

According to a method according to the invention, the Lighting device can be used to e.g. in a Basement room to simulate the brightness values measured outdoors to determine the length of the day and the lighting just in Regulate depending on the length of the day.

Finally, according to a further method, one for example, the room partially illuminated with natural light To measure room light and additively by means of the lighting device To add light, which is necessary to one of the previous ones to achieve described light effects according to the invention.

Fig. 1

eine Prinzipskizze einer in einem Raum installierten Ausführung der Erfindung,

Fig. 2

die Anordnung von Leuchtmitteln vor dem Mattscheibe als Prinzipskizze,

Fig. 3

eine aus Leuchtstoffröhren gleicher Farbe gebildete Zeile als Prinzipskizze,

Fig. 4

einen Schnitt durch eine an einer Decke befestigten Schiene zum Befestigen der als Mattscheibe dienenden Folie,

Fig. 5A - 5B

verschiedene erfindungsgemäße Schaltungen mit verschiedenen EVG und

Fig. 6

eine Prinzipskizze eines erfindungsgemäßen EVG.

In the following, the invention is explained in detail with reference to the figures, and that shows

Fig. 1

a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention installed in a room,

Fig. 2

the arrangement of lamps in front of the focusing screen as a basic sketch,

Fig. 3

a line formed from fluorescent tubes of the same color as a schematic diagram,

Fig. 4

2 shows a section through a rail fastened to a ceiling for fastening the film serving as a ground glass,

5A-5B

different circuits according to the invention with different electronic ballasts and

Fig. 6

a schematic diagram of an electronic ballast according to the invention.

In a room 1 with little natural light, for example, a basement or interior without natural lighting a translucent, white PVC film 20 with a wall thickness of 0.2 mm parallel to the left side wall at a distance of approx. 60 to 80 cm stretched, those on the floor, ceiling and not shown Side walls is attached to a rail 21. In the between the left Side wall of the room and PVC film spanned room are from top down several rows of lamps in the form of Fluorescent tubes R, G, B, W arranged, their arrangement under Fig. 3 will be explained in more detail.

Deviating from the schematic diagram shown in Fig. 1 are from above downwards not just a fluorescent tube sequence red, yellow, blue, white R, G, B, W are provided, but several of these sequences, preferably four to five episodes F. In order on the one hand on the slide 20 a sufficient To achieve luminance and, on the other hand, the installation depth d if possible to keep it low, the individual tubes R, G, B, W should be as tight mounted side by side so that they almost touch. That in Fig. 1 shown embodiment is, however, simplifying only one Sequence F from fluorescent tubes.

Each row of fluorescent tubes is indicated by a signal 16 in its Brightness affected. The addition of the intensities of the fluorescent tubes R, G, B, W on the focusing screen then gives the desired color value. A dedicated one connected to the fluorescent tubes Controller 15 takes over the generation of the individual signals 16. It is for example possible certain color values that the To achieve lighting device 3, manually via a Enter input unit M at the control unit, e.g. RAL colors. Alternatively, this is composing and using the input unit M. Playing so-called synthetic sequences, that is, those that are not taken from the natural flow of daylight. An example is the time running through all rainbow colors. The Both of the above operating modes are particularly suitable for Stage effects, sales displays or representative entrance areas of companies. Intense colors affect people's psyche, which is also used in sales promotion.

If several sequences F of tubes R, G, B, W are provided, the control unit 15 each line of a particular Color can control differently, then there are Color gradients can be realized vertically from top to bottom, for example orange in the lower area, yellow in the middle and blue in the upper area the film 20. Such courses can then also be controlled dynamically, that means they seem to move from top to bottom over the film. The Alignment of the illuminants are arbitrary, i. H. are according to the invention to understand the terms "horizontal" and "vertical" only relative to each other.

The lighting device 3 can also do so via the control unit 15 can be controlled that the brightness and Color temperatures of a daily routine are simulated, e.g. in Dependency of the time, which is determined by the time control 14 is pictured. It is possible to use the natural length of the day, or any other day length, for example a summer day in winter simulate.

Further interesting aspects arise when an outdoor sensor 12 is used the control unit 15 is connected. This can be used to Measure color temperature and brightness outdoors and about that Adjust control unit 15 of lighting 3 so that, for example, in Light conditions similar to those prevailing outside prevail in a cellar room or the impression of a window outside is simulated.

In a modification, the signal 12 can also be used only as the start of the day. or end-of-day signal can be used, for example, at a foggy November day inside the building in sync with it to simulate passing sunny day. Through this synchronization the illusion of natural light is even more believable since the people who leave the room, not complete with one of the simulation conflicting natural situation (darkness). Conversely, it is also possible in warm areas or seasons to illuminate the room with cool November light.

Finally, one can also be inside the room to be illuminated Be positioned sensor 13, which works in the same way as sensor 12. This transmits those prevailing in the room Lighting conditions to the control system by means of a target / actual comparison the lighting 3 controls such that a to be achieved Lighting effect prevails in room 1. An application example for this rooms that receive a certain amount of natural light are these but is not sufficient, such as B. rooms with a small window or dark clouds. The sensor 13 is also useful where, for example, the Workplaces or sales areas from technical to aesthetic Reason need artificial lighting, for example spots. Also in this case, the controller 15 controls the lighting 3 so that the Room 1 in total, i.e. H. additively the desired lighting situation results. Finally, it is conceivable to use the sensor 13 in rooms for sufficient window area, i.e. natural lighting, use when the natural lighting situation on the mood presses, e.g. long-lasting dense cloud cover with rain. Here too the controller 15 adjust the lighting 3 so that a total of Inside the room there is a more pleasant lighting climate.

In all cases, the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1 helps and strengthens this Well-being and the work performance or willingness to consume the therein located people. It is easier for those affected to find themselves to stay in the room for a long time.

Thanks to their extremely low weight, in particular when using special, inexpensive and light clamping profiles or rails 21 (Fig. 4) with foils the entire ceiling of any large space into a single lamp - the entire ceiling the room becomes a single, large illuminated area. It can be Realize the most complicated floor plans, even columns in the room do not represent an obstacle. The hitherto inevitable »grid effect« conventional luminous ceilings made of grid element-like Individual lighting units are therefore no longer mandatory Design feature. By installing between ceiling and floor light walls can also be produced in a simple manner.

Fig. 2 shows a section through an inventive Lighting device with two sequences F, F 'of line-like arranged fluorescent tubes W, R, G, B or W ', R', G ', B'. To the In order not to endanger the illusion of natural light, it is necessary that on the screen 20 no brightness maxima arise that the Observers can provide information that under this Flat screen fluorescent tubes are hidden. There are three parameters crucial, namely the translucency of the film 20, the distance d between luminaire surface and foil as well as the distance a two Adjacent rows of fluorescent tubes of the same color, e.g. B. W, W '. In principle, the larger d is, the larger a can be selected. In the interest of a small construction depth (material costs, space consumption) and an appealing luminance of the device, one will Select distance a as small as possible, that is, at best that four times the diameter of a fluorescent tube if the Fluorescent tubes lie directly next to each other. From thermal Reasons and with regard to the particular explained in more detail in FIG. 3 line-like arrangement of the tubes, this is not always possible. Therefore, z. B. for fluorescent tubes of the type TLD 58 W the distance the central axes of the tubes typically 20 to 30 cm in one Distance d of the lamp level from the ground glass from 20 to 40 cm.

The device can be built more cheaply if the tubes same color (e.g. W, W ') but different sequence F, F' can be controlled together. However, this is at the expense of Lighting effects, because in this case there is no color gradient over the surface the film 20 can be achieved.

3 finally explains an advantageous method according to the invention line arrangement of fluorescent tubes of the same color. Fluorescent tubes have a head region 18 at their outer ends with less light intensity than the area in between.

There is also an electrical contact element 17 in the head region 18 intended. It is therefore forbidden to use the fluorescent tubes along their Arrange the longitudinal axis one behind the other, because then the focusing screen in the area of the two abutting heads 18 darker, that is would be illuminated inhomogeneously. This can counter this that the tubes as shown in Fig. 3, along the head area the row axis Z are arranged offset from one another, the mutually adjacent heads 17, 18 of two tubes R1, R2 the same Color overlap by an area L. The brightness of the two 18 darker zones add up in the head area luminous intensity, so that even in the common head area gives a brightness as in the area of the rest of the tube. Preferably the heads of the neighboring tubes lie side by side.

The invention also relates to, in particular as a component for described lighting device, a printed film, and a Method for clamping the same.

There are other advantages when used as a ground glass Foil 20 is printed.

Posters, as well as large-format posters, are well-known advertising media in which an advertising message, usually printed on paper, stuck to a surface or is excited. For readability or attention wake up, such posters are often from the front or side illuminated. This form of lighting has several disadvantages for the optics, especially the paper, which often does not is free from distortions, to annoying light reflections caused by the Lighting originate and also the surface structure or Paper ripple visible. In addition, the viewer feels backlit objects as more intense and dedicated to you more Attention. Therefore it is for example at bus stops and in the City advertising customary to provide illuminated boxes inside them a backlit advertising message on printed paper between Glass or plexiglass is clamped. As a result, is next to a stiff Frame also a diffuser (for example frosted glass) and one Cover plate made of plexiglass or glass in the size of the advertising message intended. Such a device is difficult and for the Transport unwieldy. The structurally complicated and complex structure makes the creation of larger areas, for example 10 x 10 m, technically and statically impossible. This applies to both behind a glass surface stretched posters, as well as for printed plexiglass or printed glass surfaces.

It is also known to use a rolled-up, printed film with multiple motifs, for example advertisements, to run image-wise over a backlit, matt surface, The disadvantage of this so-called bill of exchange advertising is that the printed one The film is not wrinkle-free or corrugated, as it is not under in all directions Internal stress is set, especially to the side. This results in the aforementioned disadvantages and the film is considered unsightly felt.

Accordingly, it is the object of the present invention that previously avoid mentioned disadvantages and reduce costs.

This problem is solved by a film according to the corresponding independent claims, as well as methods for clamping the same. Advantageous configurations are the subject of the dependent Expectations.

The printed according to the invention and stretched in a frame Foil enables larger backlit advertising spaces. these can in particular, be designed to be structurally simpler and lighter. A The stretched film does not have to go through optically disruptive intermediate struts being held. The printed film with an advertising message is due its foldability or rollability is portable and easier to handle and has a lower weight than, for example, glass or Plexiglass surfaces of comparable size. It is therefore the Repeated assembly and dismantling facilitated and seasonally recurring Decorations (Christmas, etc.) are possible. Because the backlit advertising space can be made particularly large these have a dual function, namely the lighting of a Space through the advertising message. In an extreme case, the entire Advertising space at the same time the lighting for a room. The color of the Advertising space and its predominant color tone in turn works directly on the mood of the people in the room. It is a goal of advertising to influence the mood of the target group.

It is also possible to practice a new form of advertising, where the unprinted film, for example, covers an entire wall running large area light of the type described above forms and only a comparatively small section by printing for advertising is being used. The advertising stands, as it were, freely in the room, which through the unprinted film is illuminated evenly. It was already described that the distance to one, by one Large area luminaire formed wall, difficult for the viewer is assessable. Depending on the intensity of the lighting, the viewer notices not at all that the advertising is backlit.

Printing on the film also enables large area luminaires with fewer bulbs that are control-related and Materially arranged at a greater distance in terms of material can be if the film is locally different due to printing Has transparencies. Differences in brightness on the film caused by different distances from the illuminants can result thereby be balanced. Places where, for example, the behind lamps arranged on the film are characterized by increased brightness seems to be emerging, are simply printed accordingly, so that for the viewer an apparently uniform illumination of the film is achieved.

Advantageously, it has a screen or diffuser for one Large area luminaire foil, or the foil to be printed, the following properties:

The transmission, that is, in the room to be illuminated transmitted light should be 60 to 80%. The transmittance should be uniform across all wavelengths of visible light and cause a color change in the transmission. Therefore are in particular opaque, that is to say color-neutral foils to be preferred. Given the transmission, high light scattering is preferred. The greater the light scatter, the heavier the one behind the film hidden lighting in the form of maximum brightness. Because the film is constantly the light and heat of the lighting source exposed, the film must be heat and UV resistant in order to durable, well maintainable product. Not permanent heat-resistant film occurs u. a. Plasticizer migration on that the film is called brittle.

Around the film in large area luminaires or advertising materials in buildings to be able to use them, they are flame retardant, for example according to fire protection class B1, as well as low smoke (Q1Ö, Standard 3800).

Large area luminaires and advertising media also enable Soundproofing in rooms. Large advertising spaces or lights conventional type, for example with a plexiglass or glass pane deteriorate the acoustics of a room because of their large size smooth surface form echoes or are excited by sound waves, which can cause clanging and clattering noises.

According to the invention, the reverberation time can be particularly low and medium frequency range can be reduced, that is Speech intelligibility is significantly improved. This results in one Improvement of room acoustics, especially in large rooms Public traffic or noisy environments. The one described Foil, which is of course also printed with a decor as non-illuminated Wall or ceiling cladding can be used fulfills three tasks at the same time: it serves as a diffuser and therefore illuminates the room evenly, it carries a backlit Imprint, which can serve and serve as an advertising message, for example finally improving the acoustics of the room. at The lighting function is no longer required for opaque films.

The film stretched in a frame is under residual stress set, whereby the film is stretched without warping and folding is. Films which are deformable under heat or pressure are required to to keep the film taut in the long term. A film in the making is calendered, i.e. longitudinal and transverse tension in the material receives introduced, whereby after tensioning the tensions dismantle over several years and thus the film automatically retensioning, prevents sagging of the surface. For printing are therefore all printing processes in several steps Apply different colored grid unsuitable because the Positioning accuracy not the second or third pass is accurate enough. There would be displacements because of the deformability, through which the differently colored halftone dots at worst printed on top of each other instead of side by side. For printing the film comes in particular plotter, thermal sublimation printer or Inkjet printers, especially those with UV-resistant, so-called pigmented color. So it will be in just one Work a finished picture printed with at least 2 colors.

The devices for the aforementioned printing processes are only in their width, for example limited to 2 meters; however, in length they are theoretically suitable for film webs of any length. The resolution, i.e. the detail density per unit area on the such printed film can therefore be of any size and without Consideration of the size (= length) of the film sheet can be selected. This enables new types of advertising space to be created, even from up close meet the highest demands on image sharpness and resolution, however are theoretically unlimited in their format. So can several lanes, for example 1.50 m wide, along their longitudinal edges High frequency welding process or the like connected together become. With a corresponding design, a wall can therefore be created both for viewing from a distance, as well up close. Posters are usually screen printed manufactured and designed for viewing from a distance, so not so versatile, as the following example shows:

Six film webs of 15 x 1.5 m printed according to the invention are on their longitudinal edges welded together so that a Total area of 9 x 15 m results. The webs are printed so that the Overall impression of a winter landscape even from a distance of 20 m or more is given. In this respect, effect roughly corresponds to one printed fabric, as it is in scaffolding for advertising or Decoration is used - with the exception that such Surfaces are not evenly backlit due to the scaffolding can. Due to the uniform, rear lighting and the described transmission properties of the film acts this printed area therefore particularly intensely on the viewer, whose Environment and a. is simultaneously illuminated by the film. The film according to the invention and the selected printing method, however, enable high-resolution printing of the Foil, so that the viewer standing directly in front of the foil get high-quality printing information. in the The example mentioned above can, for example, include the film in the close range legible gift ideas and product information. Because of of the fabric material used in scaffolding for advertising purposes or its nature, this is when viewed from a distance limited.

Further variation possibilities result from the fact that the foil back or is additionally illuminated on the front, for example by Imaging agents, such as slide projectors, spots, stencils or video projector. The combination of such Imaging agents and backlit ones, in particular printed, transparent film, enables further novel advertising effects described below:

An Advent wreath printed on foil and backlit with Candles are increasingly illuminated by spots in the area of the candles, so that the impression of burning candles arises. The spot, for example be formed in shape and color in the form of a candle or a Video projector is used to project a flickering candle. Also the combination of a pressure-produced according to the invention high resolution image on a comparatively large slide with a only in a comparatively small area of the film of one Videobeamer projected image with a correspondingly high resolution the overall impression of an unusually large yet unusually high resolution image. Such effects are still amplified when the imaging agent itself is mobile or is pivotally arranged with respect to the film, as in DE-10160171.9 (Device for projecting) is known, Such a device is particularly well with the film or the device according to the invention can be combined to illuminate to achieve novel, the Attention-grabbing light and lighting effects.

The combination of large area luminaire and advertising material ensures that the latter special attention, also through generation suitable mood through color and light.

Films which are particularly suitable for the purposes of the invention can in particular consist of PVC with additives for improving the fire resistance and have a thickness of 0.1 to 0.4 mm, preferably 0.14-0.20 mm.
Such a film is sold for example by the company "... the Kluth", Hilden under the name "atensio-lux".

The method according to the invention for clamping a surface is also then feasible if the step "printing" to an earlier or occurs later.

The invention also relates to a lighting device for the Quality control, especially one with those previously described Features and components.

After producing a painted surface, it usually becomes one subjected to optical quality control to avoid unwanted Surface defects and structures, bubbles or similar Detect surface contaminants. Usually one Surface without any surface structure, that is, a smooth and possibly reflecting surface preferred. The quality control takes place For example, in the automotive industry manually, that is, through that human eye instead. For this purpose, the painted Vehicles or vehicle parts through a variety of spots illuminated in order to illuminate the as evenly as possible to reach the inspecting surface. The lighting sources are however selective. This creates various problems for the persons engaged in the assessment, who therefore often take breaks have to insert. The eye must increasingly adapt perform and is numerous glares through the reflective Exposed surface. These differences in brightness result from the fact that the lights are extremely bright, the rest of the workshop comparatively dark and the surface of the car depending on the type of paint is comparatively light or dark. Depending on the lighting situation the individual light sources are reflected on the paint, what the Evaluation of the surface both by the human eye and also made difficult by automated image analysis systems.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a improved lighting device for quality control create that avoids the aforementioned disadvantages and cheaper and is easier to install.

This object is achieved by a lighting device according to the corresponding independent claims. advantageous Refinements are the subject of the dependent claims.

The large area luminaire according to the invention offers advantages here compared to the usual lighting practice. The glare for that Eye is less because the large area luminaire covers its entire area provides uniform brightness values. If two walls and the ceiling of the Assessment station through which large area lights are formed, this is no longer reflected in the paint on the vehicles Contour of a single lamp that draws the attention of the human eye or an automated imaging system and - distracts or irritates the evaluation system.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the invention is Lighting device tube-like or tunnel-like, in particular built up in one piece. This usually complicated geometry can can be realized particularly easily with the film according to the invention since these between two U-shaped and forming the tunnel cross-section Profile strips can be stretched. This has the advantage that the Easy to set up lighting, light, portable and inexpensive is. The tunnel vault shines absolutely evenly, since none mechanical elements, such as struts, the film surface interrupt. Common systems include individual light segments, with shading at the junction of two segments or darkening results. The same applies when using supporting struts.

Thanks to the absolutely homogeneous illumination, the Paint control the use of a fully automatic image capture and Analysis system enables.

The invention further relates to novel electronic ballasts, i.e. electronic Ballasts that feed the fluorescent tubes with electricity and e.g. via a serial data signal to regulate the brightness of the connected fluorescent tubes are controllable.

ECGs are electronically controllable ballasts for fluorescent tubes. she are available as single or double electronic ballasts, i.e. for one or two tubes, each designed for different performances. The electronic Control has so far been carried out, as in FIG. 5A, via a separate control line or via a special interface with e.g. Western plugs.

Systems come from, especially for large area luminaires Fluorescent tubes used, which are used in large numbers to illuminate large areas evenly. In front of it is a diffuser used with the fluorescent tubes a glare-free, uniform Illumination enables. For different colors, play of colors or colored clouds must be multiple times on the fluorescent tubes of each Colors can be assembled. The fluorescent tubes are opened in the factory Plates, partly staggered, pre-assembled.

However, the wiring effort for the number of electronic ballasts is at Large number of fluorescent tubes to be used very high, d. H. Wage and Material intensive. The circuit also takes up space. In addition, there is the wiring for the controller / data cable.

It is therefore an object of the invention to create novel electronic ballasts which are cheaper, and in particular easier to wire, assemble and are to be controlled.

This task is solved by a TOE according to the corresponding one Main claim. Advantageous refinements are the subject of dependent claims.

The electronic ballast according to the invention can have more than two fluorescent tubes supply. Ideally, this enables everyone to be connected Fluorescent tubes of one color or dimming group on an electronic ballast. from that results in addition to the reduction of costs and the Material expenditure, a reduction of the power loss (waste heat). This can be achieved, for example, that the TOE a common rectifier for all connected lamps has, however, one radio frequency generator for each Illuminant is connected to the common rectifier.

The spatial separation of rectifier and high frequency generator and in particular the provision of high frequency generators in close proximity of the fluorescent tubes, enables the shortening of the "hot ends", i.e. the conductor who connects the illuminant with the Connect high frequency generator. These conductors usually emit the unwanted high-frequency electromagnetic radiation. In the spatial separation, however, goes with the corresponding burden of Back or is prevented because the high frequency only in in the immediate vicinity of the fluorescent tubes. Immediate proximity in the The meaning of the invention is when the distance High frequency generator - fluorescent tube smaller than the distance High frequency generator - rectifier is. This is especially true when if the radio frequency generator immediately in the version of the Fluorescent tube is housed or forms this. According to the state of the Technique was the length of the "hot wire" from the above Reasons limited to a certain length, which is why the supply of a large field of fluorescent tubes so far not by means of one central ECG was possible, which required a corresponding use of materials and caused wiring effort.

If alternatively or in combination with the above Design example of every electronic ballast or high frequency generator Addressable according to the invention and thus to a data bus can be connected, the corresponding control reduces the Wiring. It is no longer necessary to High frequency generator with its own data or control line to connect the control. The address can be permanently assigned (chip), or variable (EPROM, memory element, DIP switch).

1) Es ist nur ein Bus (Ringleitung) für alle EVG zur Steuerung notwendig.

2) Die komplette Installation der EVG bzw. Hochfrequenzerzeuger erfolgt ungeachtet deren zukünftiger Zugehörigkeit zu einer Dimm- oder Farbgruppe. Die Zuordnung kann z. B. jederzeit durch Umlegen der DIP-Schalter "programmiert" werden, z.B. erst beim Einsetzen der Röhre oder über entsprechende softwaremäßige Adressierung der Daten.

3) Es gibt keine Fehlverkabelungen von Steuerleitungen mehr. Bei Fehlfunktionen entfällt die "Kabelverfolgung" und das "Kabelumlegen". Es reicht das Umlegen der Dip-Schalter.

4) Alle EVG bzw. Hochfrequenzerzeuger sind grundsätzlich gleich und überall einsetzbar.

5) Im Schadensfall ist ein Austausch ist problemlos möglich, da keine speziellen, festen Adressen im EVG bzw. Hochfrequenzerzeuger vorhanden sind.

6) Beim Austausch der EVG bzw. Hochfrequenzerzeuger muß die Steuerung in keinem Punkt umprogrammiert werden.

7) Das System kann modifiziert oder erweitert werden, ohne die bisherige Verkabelung zu ändern.

The controllable dimming levels (0 to 100%) per ECG or high frequency generator are based on the z. B. 2-wire bus and reach the to be controlled, addressed via an internal or external circuit EVG or high frequency generator. It is now possible to directly control each electronic ballast or high-frequency generator (= one or more fluorescent tubes) or to control different color or dimming groups simultaneously using a single addressed signal. For this purpose, each individual electronic ballast or high-frequency generator can receive an address, for example via DIP switches, and be addressable for the data. The following advantages result for large area lighting systems, for example:

1) Only one bus (ring line) is required for all ECGs for control.

2) The complete installation of the ECG or high-frequency generator takes place regardless of their future affiliation to a dimming or color group. The assignment can e.g. B. can be "programmed" at any time by flipping the DIP switch, for example, only when the tube is inserted or via appropriate software addressing of the data.

3) Control cables are no longer miswired. In the event of malfunctions, "cable tracking" and "cable laying" are no longer necessary. It is enough to flip the dip switches.

4) All electronic ballasts and high frequency generators are basically the same and can be used anywhere.

5) In the event of damage, an exchange is possible without any problems, since there are no special, fixed addresses in the ECG or high-frequency generator.

6) When replacing the ECG or high-frequency generator, the control does not have to be reprogrammed at any point.

7) The system can be modified or expanded without changing the previous wiring.

If alternatively or in combination with the aforementioned Design examples of each electronic ballast or high-frequency generator according to the invention is both supplied with power via the power line, as well as by e.g. modulated signal controlled in its brightness the data lines to each ECG or High-frequency generator. Laying, connection and labor costs decrease.

In addition, if the data bus from the Power line and a signal modulated onto it is formed, is sufficient to control each individual ECG or high-frequency generator only the connection to a single power line (parallel connection of all ECGs or high-frequency generator) that are connected to a corresponding control (Signal generator) is connected. It is reduced with the corresponding Control of the cabling effort further, since the ECG or High frequency generator only connected to the power supply must become. In particular, it is no longer necessary to High frequency generator with its own data or control line to connect the control. It will only be a cable connection the ECG or high-frequency generator to the power supply (2- or 3-wire) necessary.

The evaluation of the control signals on the electronic ballast or high-frequency generator can be done by an external signal receiver, which in the simplest case between the power supply line and the mains input of the ECG or high frequency generator is plugged. This filters the Control impulses and provides them, for example, with a short cable and Western plugs to the same ECG or high-frequency generator the usual interface again. The external Signal receiver has the advantage that commercially available, inexpensive and Common ECG with conventional data input (serial, analog, etc.) can continue to be used. Existing structures can be modified become. An internal signal receiver, on the other hand, has the advantage that ECG is particularly compact and easy to assemble or wire is

Alternatively or in combination with the aforementioned Design examples are proposed, in particular one Large area luminaire to be divided into area units and each unit assign a color value and a brightness value via a controller. In known lights of this type, a lamp or a Row / row of lamps of the same color in brightness controlled. It is difficult for the lighting technician or the customer to program appropriate light and color effects, since he each Color controls individually, but in the mind the result, i.e. the effect of additive color mix of different colors and individually programming illuminants must anticipate. The assignment a color value and a brightness value to a unit area, the here corresponds to a pixel, can according to the invention both via Hardware (an electronic ballast controls the lamps of different colors Area unit to achieve a color and brightness value of the area) or via software (several electronic ballasts with different colors Illuminants are used individually via software, but to achieve one Overall effect controlled). In both cases it is now easier for the user than before The colors and brightness of the luminaire itself, even over time determine and vary. Programming is done via a corresponding control unit or by means of computer software, the one intuitive programming of the illuminated area divided into pixels allows. In particular, every pixel can be viewed directly on the screen programmed and the effect observed. The so designed Scenes can either be played directly from the computer, so that the computer controls the electronic ballast of the lamp, or The scenes are stored in the memory of a computer independent cheaper control unit played, so that this is the control of the ECG the lamp takes over. The programming of the lamp is done independent of the lamp, so that this e.g. via internet, dial-up, Diskette, EPROM, etc. can reach customers.

The hardware assignment can be made by combining the previously mentioned configurations are particularly inexpensive.

The ECG 30 shown in FIG. 6 is preferred with the following properties, the provision of three colors is only an example: a control unit (Modulator) 37 feeds in three control signals intended for three addresses the net. The TOE is connected to the network. In the TOE takes over a rectifier 31 the power supply for three fluorescent tubes G, B, W and is therefore in the ECG via three high-frequency generator 32 with the three Tubes connected, each radio frequency generator each via one Demodulator through the appropriate, intended for him and addressed signal is adjustable in frequency, this is everyone High-frequency generator 31 - in particular via a filter - also with connected to the power line, which is not shown in Fig. 6.

A version in which the EVG 30 only the signal 37 in the form "color + brightness" for the area to be controlled (pixels) and this signal via its own Circuit 35 (Fig. 6) into the three color and brightness portions for each Radio frequency generator 32 or each tube G, B, W disassembled. The single ones High-frequency generator 32 can be individually and directly or via a bus 36 can be addressed.

A "pixel" can be both an area with the intended Color generation requires the minimum number of tubes (e.g. 3 tubes: Yellow-blue-white), as well as one in the width and / or height of the Light up repeating sequence of the same (e.g. 6 tubes: yellow-blue-white; Yellow-blue-white).

5 a explains the cabling scheme according to the prior art. The control 37 and the individual electronic ballasts 30 are connected via a mains cable powered. The TOE also have one Control input for dimming the connected tubes. In Fig. 5 a all blue fluorescent tubes on the electronic ballast are the same Control signal connected. To control a uniform, from two colors six lines are therefore required.

5 c shows the same application, but comes with only four Lines out. All ECGs are supplied with power via the mains cable. A bus-like line 38 (two-wire) connects the controller 37 to all EVG 30. The control 37 generates signals with different Addresses and puts them on bus 38. It is also possible that for example, each ECG responsible for the color blue is the same Receives address assigned.

Fig. 5 b shows a circuit that only requires two lines. On the mains voltage is addressed via the controller 37 Control signal modulated. Each ECG is connected to a demodulator 35 the common two-wire power line connected. The Demodulator 35 demodulates the transport over the power line Control signals including address information. That from that Demodulator 35 generated signal is then from the electronic ballast treated as already described in Fig. 5 c.

• 256 oder 1024 verschiedene Adressen einstellbar
• Empfang von 101 verschiedenen Signalen (1/256 oder 1/1024 Adresscode +1/101 Dimmstufen)
• Mögliche Signaldichte: 10 verschiedene Signale je Sekunde je Adresse
• Lebenszeit: > 10 Jahre

For the tasks and applications described above, the following properties of an electronic ballast are useful:

• 256 or 1024 different addresses can be set
• Receive 101 different signals (1/256 or 1/1024 address code +1/101 dimming levels)
• Possible signal density: 10 different signals per second per address
• Lifetime:> 10 years

Claims (60)

Lighting device, in particular to increase the Labor productivity of people in a room to be illuminated, which are so controllable in color temperature and / or brightness or is adjustable that by means of the lighting device in the room one for a certain weather situation and / or day and / or Season typical color temperature and / or brightness can be generated. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that lighting means and a screen which can be illuminated by them are provided in such a way that the individual illuminated and non-illuminated lighting means cannot be perceived by an observer because of the screen between the screen and the lighting means. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that means for controlling the lighting device are provided, by means of which the lighting device can be controlled dynamically. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lighting device can be controlled dynamically in such a way that a typical daily course of color temperature and / or brightness is generated in the room for a specific weather situation and / or season. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the daily course of the color temperature and / or brightness can be generated in accordance with the natural daily course. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the daily course of the color temperature and / or brightness can be generated offset from the naturally determinable daily course. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the daily course of the color temperature and / or brightness can be generated stretched to the natural daily course. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lighting means comprise a plurality of colored light sources which can be influenced individually or in groups in terms of their intensity. Illumination device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intensity of the illumination sources can be influenced by the control means. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of differently colored lighting sources are provided. Illumination device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all the illumination sources of the same color or a plurality of illumination sources of the same color can be influenced together in terms of their intensity. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that fluorescent tubes are provided as light sources. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device has a plurality of rows, each row being formed from light sources of the same color and the rows being essentially parallel to one another. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light sources of each line or the light sources of all lines formed from light sources of the same color can be controlled together. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that illuminants of the colors red, yellow, blue and white are provided in equal parts. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that illuminants of the colors yellow, blue and warm tone white are provided in equal parts. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the device at least one row of a plurality of fluorescent tubes of one color extending in the longitudinal direction of the fluorescent tubes is provided, a left and a right fluorescent tube being arranged laterally offset from one another and the right head of the the left fluorescent tube is arranged laterally next to the left head of the right fluorescent tube in such a way that the screen is homogeneously illuminated in one direction along the line in the region of the two heads. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a housing is provided for receiving the lighting means, in which the end face is formed by the matt screen, fastening means being provided by which the matt screen can be detachably fastened in this way to the outermost lateral edge of the housing, that essentially the entire face of the focusing screen visible from the front can be illuminated by the lighting means. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screen is provided on both sides of the lighting means. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screen is a film. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screen is a seamless film. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matt screen consists of foils which are connected to one another without seams. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is designed in the form of a room divider. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is installed in the form of a window in a room. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is installed in the form of a side wall in a room. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the focusing screen is detachably attached to the ceilings and / or walls of a room, the part space separated therefrom forming the housing for the device. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the focusing screen is attached all round to profile rails. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screen is provided all round with a piping. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is sealed against the environment free of dust and insects. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control means are connected to analysis means provided outside the room for analyzing the natural light and / or analysis means provided in the room for analyzing the room light. Film, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, which is stretched in a frame, characterized in that the film is printed. Film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film is translucent. Film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film is able to scatter light. Film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film is an advertising medium. Film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film is only partially printed. Film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film is printed with a raster-free printing process, ie a printing process in which a finished image with at least 2 colors can be printed in one operation, in particular by means of a plotter or ink-jet printer. Film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the color on the film is UV-resistant. Film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that lighting means which illuminate the film are provided. Film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film is backlit. Film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that lighting means for illuminating the film are provided in such a way that the individual lighting means cannot be perceived by an observer because of the film built up between him and the lighting means. Lighting device, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the film serves as a ground glass. Lighting device, in particular according to one of the previous ones Requirements for the optical quality control of surfaces Object with lighting means and one serving as a diffuser Focusing screen, the illuminants and those of these illuminable focusing screen are designed such that the The screen is evenly illuminated by the lighting are. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diffuser extends in a first direction of the surface of the object. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diffuser extends in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction around the surface of the object, Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diffuser comprises an angle of at least 100 °, at most 360 °, preferably 160 ° to 200 ° around the surface of the object. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diffuser is designed in the form of a tube or semi-tube. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diffuser is a film, in particular a film according to one of the preceding claims. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diffuser is held between two profiles which determine the cross section of the diffuser. Lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lighting means for illuminating the film are provided in such a way that the individual lighting means cannot be perceived by an observer because of the film built up between him and the lighting means. Electronic ballast (EVG), in particular in a lighting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that more than two illuminants, in particular fluorescent tubes (R, G, B, W) , can be connected to the EVG (30). Electronic ballast according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a rectifier (31) and a plurality of high-frequency generators (32) are provided, the rectifier being connected to a plurality of high-frequency generators, which are designed in particular in the vicinity of the fluorescent tube or as a holder for the fluorescent tubes. Electronic ballast according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic ballast (30) or the high-frequency generator (32) has an input for controlling the generated frequency. Electronic ballast, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic ballast or the high-frequency generator can be controlled via a data signal. Electronic ballast according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic ballast or the high-frequency generator can be controlled via an addressed data signal. Electronic ballast according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the address of the electronic ballast or the high-frequency generator can be addressed, in particular via dip switches and the like. Electronic ballast, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic ballast can be connected to a power line, a circuit for demodulating a modulated signal transmitted by the power line being provided in the electronic ballast, the electronic ballast being controlled by the demodulated signal. Use of the device according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is used in rooms to increase the productivity and / or well-being of people. Method for using the device according to the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: Measuring the brightness and / or the color temperature of natural light by means of the analysis of natural light, Controlling the brightness and color temperature of the lighting device as a function of the measured brightness and / or the measured color temperature of natural light, Repeat the previous steps. Method for using the device according to the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: Measuring the brightness and / or the color temperature of natural light by means of the analysis of natural light, Measuring the brightness and / or the color temperature of the room light using the means for analyzing the room light, Control of the brightness and color temperature of the lighting device as a function of the measured brightness and / or the measured color temperature of natural light, as well as the measured brightness and / or the measured color temperature of the ambient light Repeat the previous steps. Method for clamping a printed surface with the following steps: Providing a film forming the surface, Cutting the foil, Providing the edges of the film with a piping, Printing on the film, heating and stretching the film at least in sections, Fastening the film, which has been heated and stretched at least in this way, in a frame to the piping and Cool and stretch the film in the frame.

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