EP1322472B1 - Data carrier comprising a gravure printed image and methods for transposing image motifs into linear structures and onto a gravure printing plate - Google Patents

Data carrier comprising a gravure printed image and methods for transposing image motifs into linear structures and onto a gravure printing plate Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1322472B1
EP1322472B1 EP01983467A EP01983467A EP1322472B1 EP 1322472 B1 EP1322472 B1 EP 1322472B1 EP 01983467 A EP01983467 A EP 01983467A EP 01983467 A EP01983467 A EP 01983467A EP 1322472 B1 EP1322472 B1 EP 1322472B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
line
lines
structures
line structures
image
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP01983467A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1322472A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Franz
Rüdiger Schmidt
Stefan Winkler
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41MPRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M1/00Inking and printing with a printer's forme
    • B41M1/10Intaglio printing ; Gravure printing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41CPROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00Forme preparation
    • B41C1/02Engraving; Heads therefor
    • B41C1/04Engraving; Heads therefor using heads controlled by an electric information signal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41MPRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14Security printing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41NPRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N1/00Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
    • B41N1/04Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor metallic
    • B41N1/06Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor metallic for relief printing or intaglio printing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/337Guilloche patterns
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44FSPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F3/00Designs characterised by outlines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44FSPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F5/00Designs characterised by irregular areas, e.g. mottled patterns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a data carrier printed using intaglio printing and a method with which any image motifs in a gravure printing plate can be transferred.
  • the ink-transferring areas of the Provide pressure plate with depressions are with Ink filled, the excess ink using a wiping cylinder or squeegee away from the plate surface, leaving only the indentations are filled with ink, and the inked printing plate against a substrate pressed, which usually consists of paper.
  • a substrate pressed which usually consists of paper.
  • intaglio printing the ink-transferring depressions of the printing plate are in contrast, not dot-like as in gravure printing, but usually linear. Intaglio printing is therefore also called line intaglio printing designated.
  • the contact pressure between the pressure plate or pressure cylinder and substrate is very high, causing the substrate material to print is also permanently shaped.
  • the transferred ink is pasty Consistency and remains after transfer to the substrate and can therefore not only with sufficient ink layer thickness after drying form visible structures that can also be grasped with the sense of touch.
  • the stitch drawing can be made on a transparent Film is transferred through which a photoresist layer is exposed, which is on the printing plate.
  • the printing plate surface is exposed and then the ink-receiving depressions produced by etching.
  • the generated In addition to the etching time, depth also depends on the line width, since fine lines with the same etching time lead to a smaller etching depth than wide lines.
  • Generating largely independent etching depths is this method only possible to a very limited extent through repeated etching. there additional areas are created between the individual etching processes Cover layers applied to or removed from the printing plate. The additional Working steps make this procedure very complex.
  • the fineness of the structures that can be produced is limited and that The etching result is not exactly reproducible.
  • a halftone image can be represented by freely chosen grid elements.
  • the entire image area covered with regularly arranged raster elements and the tonal value of an image area is represented by the fact that the raster element corresponding to this image area is shown with a line width that was previously assigned to the respective tone value.
  • Such Raster structures arranged evenly in the entire image area generate a synthetic, especially in portraits, inanimate expression.
  • the object of the present invention is a data carrier propose the print image produced by intaglio printing is more complex and therefore more tamper-proof.
  • a procedure is also intended be proposed with any image motifs in a gravure printing plate can be transferred, and not the restrictions of the prior art.
  • the method should be a enable faster and more flexible implementation of a picture motif as well Changes and corrections to the graphic implementation of the image motif facilitate and enable a more complex design of the printed image.
  • a data carrier according to the present invention has an intaglio printing process printed halftone image, reproduced in stitch manner becomes. That means the contours, contrasts and tonal values of what is to be represented Motifs are reproduced by irregular line structures, their distance, line width, geometry and type in the printed image is specifically varied in order to achieve different visual impressions.
  • the Print image has repetitive printed structural elements, for example Lines or crossing lines on which at least partially one Fine structure is superimposed. Through the integrated in the structural elements Fine structures increase the complexity of the printed image enormously, and thereby its imitability and counterfeitability significantly reduced. It can also through the fine structure the visual impression achieved by the structural elements can also be changed. The one created in stitching technology Image motif own expressiveness and liveliness, through the individual Design and arrangement of the line structures generated remains received however.
  • the fine structures can be cut out, i.e. unprinted areas are formed that are present in the printed structural elements that continuously and continuously or in regular or irregular Intervals can be interrupted. It is also possible to print the To dissolve structural elements by superimposing them with a fine structure, i.e. the area of the structural elements originally covered with color is represented by individual printed characters, represented in positive representation or symbols replaced. Only the outline of the remains the same Structural elements.
  • the fine structures can be any text, alphanumeric characters, logos, symbols, geometric figures or the like form.
  • fine structures are designed accordingly, they can be visual visible or hidden in the printed image, only by means of technical aids legible additional information or authenticity features are used. Forming the fine structures as anti-copying structures is also possible possible.
  • the structural element is formed by intersecting lines, it can in particular the entire intersection area or one parallel to the intersection area area of a line. It is also possible, any sign or symbol in the intersection area to be left out and thus reproduced in negative form.
  • a structural element for example a line through any single positive printed characters or symbols resolved.
  • the signs or symbols can be connected to each other or spaced from each other and are preferred along the geometric center line of the to be resolved Line arranged.
  • the signs or symbols can remain in the same way or of varying sizes. Varies the line to be resolved in its line width, a preferred embodiment is that Line borderless through in size and / or line width according to the Play line width varying characters or symbols.
  • line widths that are greater than or equal to 25 ⁇ m recesses are preferred for the negative display, which have a clear width of 35 ⁇ m or more.
  • Positive and negative representations can also be combined as desired. Both can Representations not only in different places within a print image are used, but also within a structural element in any order and order can be combined. Independently whether for the fine structure a positive or a negative representation characters and / or symbols can be selected within a structure element can be combined as desired, and neighboring structural elements with the same, alternating regularly or completely different Fine structures can be designed. For overlaying with a fine structure are preferably used such line structures that in Print image have a line width of at least 200 microns.
  • the method according to the invention provides an image motif as a digital data record provided, the image data being available as pixel data.
  • the picture motif is displayed visually based on the pixel data and can thus be used as a template for the subsequent graphic implementation of the image motif in the way serve a stitch drawing.
  • individual line structures in an electronic data processing system generated that reproduce the contours and halftones of the image motif.
  • image areas that have a different visual impression different line structures are created.
  • the the Digital image data representing line structures are stored in a vector-based Data format saved. If desired, the individual Lines of the line structures or the corresponding image data in the processed electronic data processing system.
  • the possibly Edited digital image data are kept while maintaining the vector-based Data format saved. Based on this digital image data then controlled a precision engraving device in such a way that in the surface of an intaglio printing plate correspond to the line structures Depressions are generated.
  • a particular advantage of this procedure in the production of intaglio printing plates is that on the intermediate step of making a physical stitch drawing by output of the digital Image data on a printer or imagesetter can be omitted.
  • Conventional engraving or etching processes are against this intermediate result reliant. Because every additional intermediate step is not only Requires time and effort, but also represents a possible source of error, the method according to the invention is not only faster and more economical, but also safer. Because the issue of a stitch drawing and their further use inevitably with the engraving or etching The method according to the invention allows tolerances, due to the direct further processing of the digital image data also a more detailed one and more accurate implementation of the image motif in the intaglio printing plate.
  • the image can be created using the electronic data processing system be scaled, rotated and mirrored without being in a figurative Form present drawing, which always has a fixed size something needs to be changed. It also eliminates the need for a new printout for each change variant of the edited image motif to make or to expose a film.
  • the engraving can be carried out by means of machining processes such as milling, scraping or planing, as well as by means of non-contact Material removal processes, such as laser engraving.
  • Rezisionsfräsvon are preferred.
  • the engraved plate can be used immediately Printing plate can be used or as an original for common impression and Duplication processes are used by those used in intaglio printing Printing plates are only created.
  • an image motif must first be electronic recorded and digitized. This will depend on the motif to be displayed first an image is made, which is broken down into individual pixels, which are commonly referred to as "pixels". In addition to the coordinates A gray or color value is also recorded for each pixel. The selection of the There are no restrictions on the motif to be displayed.
  • As template can real objects, such as sculptures, buildings or Landscapes serve as well as halftone images, such as photographs or Painting.
  • a scanner can preferably be used, which of course is an appropriate one Must have resolution.
  • To digitize the image of a real object is preferably a video camera or digital camera used.
  • the "pixel data" designated digital image data stored.
  • the visual data is carried out on the basis of the pixel data, preferably on a monitor Representation of the digital image data. If desired or necessary, will be the pixel data electronically retouched, including their processing an electronic data processing system is understood. When retouching annoying details can be removed, contours reinforced or weakened or the contrasts of the image, possibly only for individual image areas can be changed.
  • Analogous to the procedure for the manual creation of a stitch drawing are carried out in an electronic data processing system Operator's specifications generated irregular line structures that the Render contours and halftones of the image to be displayed.
  • the one made on the basis of the pixel data advantageously serves visual representation of the motif as a template.
  • the implementation of the picture motif in line structures is particularly facilitated if the digitized and image motif reproduced by the pixel data on a monitor in the Background is shown while the operator is in the foreground desired line structures generated.
  • the course of the generated lines can be specified manually by the operator, the one level lying coordinates of the line course are recorded by an input medium and transmitted to the data processing system. purpose are especially a drawing board or a computer mouse, also a So-called trackball or a joystick can be used as the input medium.
  • the digital image data which represent the line structures, are in saved in a vector-based data format.
  • a data format based on vector representation takes up less storage space than for a pixel-based data format appropriate resolution. Due to the smaller amount of data subsequent processing steps can be carried out more quickly.
  • the engraving device is controlled in such a way that accordingly the course and geometry of the digital image data represented line structures in the surface of an intaglio printing plate Indentations are created, which are intended for receiving ink are.
  • Engraving depth in the printing plate is independent of the line width Specify value.
  • This value can basically be for all or part of the lines to be engraved can be constant, but it can also be program-controlled dependent on a given mathematical relationship can be calculated from the respective line width. It is also possible that the operator only for a single line, a section of a line or a group of lines specifies any engraving depth, as long as it is is within the technological possibilities. Especially at Lines of narrow line width are of course subject to the feasible engraving depth manufacturing restrictions.
  • the methods according to the invention allow simple processing printing motifs, in particular a processing of the invention Structural elements.
  • the line width and the geometry the line ends of individual lines can be specifically changed.
  • the line ends can for example be rectangular, semicircular or tapered Preserve geometry. It is also possible to stretch the lines, too compress, distort or change their basic geometry. Received in the process the opposite boundary edges of a line, for example no parallel course, but an opposite curvature, so that the line or a line segment has a lenticular or lance-shaped basic geometry receives. All processing steps can be carried out on a single Line or at the same time on a whole group of lines through which a complete image area is reproduced.
  • the intaglio printing process is preferably used for security and security printing, for example for the production of banknotes, shares, passports, ID, high-quality tickets and similar documents used.
  • the method according to the invention for the design of intaglio printing plates enables the implementation of those described above Structural elements with such precision and delicacy that they appear in the printed image thus created data carrier as visually visible or only with the help security features that can be checked with a magnifying glass are used can.
  • the method explained using the production of intaglio printing plates to create an image motif that is characterized by irregular line structures reproduced is basically also suitable for making templates or to produce printing forms for other printing processes. Because implementations of a picture motif in an engraving manner So far not in the manner described, and their line structures are now overlaid with additional fine structures for the first time,
  • the method according to the invention can also be used in an advantageous manner the digital image data generated with it, for example in a digital printer, film setter, platesetter or other digital To further process printing processes.
  • the options explained above and advantages such as liveliness, individuality and complexity the method of representation can be achieved by the method according to the invention also for other printing processes, e.g. use offset printing.
  • Fig. 1 the portrait of a person is reproduced in the manner of a stitch. That is, everyone Contours and picture elements are, as is usual with stitch depiction, with Reproduced with the help of varying line structures. These can come from solid or broken lines exist, such as in Image area of the coat and beard, or also from dashed or dotted Lines as can be seen in the area of the ear, cheek and forehead is. According to the methods known from the prior art such images are manually cut directly into a metal plate or drawn by hand on paper. When implementing a picture motif Different shades and color or Gray values reproduced in that for the differently toned Image areas used different types of line structures and / or the line width and line spacing can be varied.
  • the representation of the on the Image based on pixel data takes place in the background while in the foreground the line structures are generated by the operator's specifications, which reflect the individual elements and details of the portrait.
  • the operator runs a line on a drawing board, for example predefined, which captures the coordinates of the course and on transmitted a data processing system.
  • the line can be in the desired Design can be displayed instantly on the monitor and serves the operator for immediate control of his actions.
  • the process of creating lines based on the specifications of the operator in connection with the simultaneous Representation of the generated line on the monitor thus largely corresponds a free manual drawing, however, has the advantage that each is electronic generated line structure can be edited later can. So it is e.g.
  • an already generated line subsequently extend or shorten the line width of the entire To change the line or individual areas, to distort a line or the To change the geometry of the line ends.
  • a line or the To change the geometry of the line ends For example, end in FIG. 1 most of the lines representing the right side of the mantle in one rectangular profile, while most of the beard and head hair reproducing lines have pointed ends.
  • Semi-circular Line ends are just as conceivable as other asymmetrical or user-generated ones Geometries.
  • the changes and edits can both carried out on a single line or simultaneously on entire line groups that together represent an image area.
  • Fig. 2 shows a portrait section in a representation according to the State of the art with continuous and interrupted, as well as partially crossing line structures.
  • the individual lines have no additional ones Sub or fine structures.
  • the line structures which represent the right shoulder area 1 a fine structure is superimposed.
  • the Fine structure as a recess in the printed, through the horizontal lines educated environment.
  • the recesses form in a negative representation rendered lines that are exactly on the center line of the printed environment forming printed lines.
  • the fine lines of the diagonal running secondary layer are carried out continuously, so that the recesses, i.e. the negative lines at the intersections of the lines of the main and Secondary location can be interrupted.
  • the fine lines are diagonally running secondary layer through the recesses in the horizontal Main location interrupted.
  • the recesses in the Main location of continuous negative lines.
  • the recesses in the horizontal running lines of the main position of the shoulder area 1 a very fine double line in negative representation, which in turn is exactly parallel to the geometric center line.
  • the lines of the diagonal Secondary locations are again not continuous, but are in the intersection area with the lines of the main layer also through the recesses interrupted.
  • Fig. 6a the fine structure is shown in the lines of the shoulder area 1 Cutouts with a simple but different geometric contour in Formed by circles and short dashes.
  • the cutouts in one Each line has the same shape of a simple geometric figure " while successive lines each have different figures as Have recesses.
  • the fine structure is shown by cutouts in the printed Lines formed, in this embodiment one of the letters "G” and "D” composite logo reproduced in a negative representation is.
  • the logo is along the lines overlaid with the fine structure repeated many times at regular intervals.
  • Fig. 8a is in the horizontal lines of the right shoulder area 1 introduced a fine structure that shows the same logo as in Fig. 7.
  • a positive representation was chosen for the logo, i.e., the logo is due to printed structures in front of an unprinted environment played.
  • the line overlaid with the fine structure is thereby largely resolved and only a narrow edge contour remains.
  • the logo is again positioned exactly on the geometric center line and repeated many times along the center line.
  • Representation is also possible with the fine structure completely dissolve the superimposed line, and the contour of its edges by representing characters or symbols in their size and where appropriate also in line width according to the width of the to be resolved Line vary. An example of this is shown in Fig. 8b).
  • the section shows an enlarged view part of a face portrait, the left eye area and Main hair.
  • One of the lines that represents hair or a tuft of hair is not all-over, but with a fine structure.
  • the Fine structure consists of capital letters in positive representation, which together form the term "Gutenberg". The arrangement and size or height the letter follows the course and the outer contour of the original Line that represents a strand of hair. In addition, before and after Group of letters very fine, transverse to the direction of the hair strand arranged negative lines introduced, the hairline into shorter individual segments divide.
  • the data carriers according to the invention are in no way based on those in the Limited fine structures shown embodiments. In the sense of the Any variations and combinations of the invention are different Types and types of fine structures possible.
  • FIG. 9 are schematic and in an enlarged view as structural elements different variants of crossing lines are shown.
  • 9a) corresponds to the prior art, in which both lines cover the entire surface are printed.
  • Fig. 9b) and 9c) the crossing area is different Designed wisely.
  • the fine structure is that in the intersection area only one solid line is played while the second is interrupted in the intersection area and interrupted in this Area is not printed. The two parts of the interrupted Line are spaced so far apart that they are the first continuous Do not touch the line.
  • crossing lines interrupted in the intersection area and exactly the area, that would be covered by both lines is left out.
  • one of the two crossing lines do not cover the entire width of the line reproduced, but only along their two bounding the line Edges, and an area running along the geometric center line spared.
  • the recessed Middle area no constant width over the entire length of the line, but tapers to a point at the line ends.
  • a line is feathered in a partial section becomes.
  • This section is not reproduced over the entire area, but broken down into individual finer sub-lines, which are different Geometry of the ends of the partial lines can have.
  • the ends of the partial lines are rectangular and pointed tapering geometries.
  • the total width of the sub-lines and the between the gaps between them are the line width of the original, not feathered line.
  • FIGS. 9b) to 9f) are different types of fine structures, individually or in different combinations integrated in the intaglio printing image of the data carrier according to the invention can be.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
  • Materials For Photolithography (AREA)
  • Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)

Abstract

A data carrier printed by line intaglio having a halftone image represented by irregular line structures in the manner of an engraving. The line structures are superimposed at least partly by fine structures rendered in positive or negative representation. Methods are provided for generating and processing irregular line structures as digital image data on a computer following individual specifications by an operator. The line structures are transferred to a line intaglio printing plate. The digital image data is used for controlling an engraving apparatus. In the alternative, other printing processes may be involved wherein the digital image data is superimposed at least partly with fine structures rendered in positive or negative representation.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einem im Stichtiefdruckverfahren bedruckten Datenträger sowie ein Verfahren, mit dem beliebige Bildmotive in eine Stichtiefdruckplatte übertragen werden können.The invention relates to a data carrier printed using intaglio printing and a method with which any image motifs in a gravure printing plate can be transferred.

Beim Tiefdruckverfahren werden die farbübertragenden Bereiche der Druckplatte mit Vertiefungen versehen. Die Vertiefungen werden mit Druckfarbe gefüllt, die überschüssige Farbe mittels eines Wischzylinders oder Rakels von der Plattenoberfläche entfernt, so dass nur die Vertiefungen mit Druckfarbe gefüllt sind, und die eingefärbte Druckplatte gegen ein Substrat gepresst, das üblicherweise aus Papier besteht. Beim Trennen von Substrat und Druckplatte wird die Druckfarbe aus den Vertiefungen in der Druckplattenoberfläche auf das Substrat übertragen. Man unterscheidet zwischen dem Rastertiefdruck und dem Stichtiefdruck.In the gravure printing process, the ink-transferring areas of the Provide pressure plate with depressions. The wells are with Ink filled, the excess ink using a wiping cylinder or squeegee away from the plate surface, leaving only the indentations are filled with ink, and the inked printing plate against a substrate pressed, which usually consists of paper. When separating substrate and printing plate, the printing ink from the wells in the Transfer the printing plate surface to the substrate. One distinguishes between screen gravure and intaglio printing.

Beim konventionellen Rastertiefdruck wird eine Abbildung durch kleine, dicht beieinander liegende, aber voneinander getrennte Näpfchen in der Druckplatte erzeugt, die mit einer verhältnismäßig dünnflüssigen Druckfarbe gefüllt werden. Nach dem Übertrag auf das zu bedruckende Substrat verläuft die Druckfarbe und die scharfe Abgrenzung zwischen den einzelnen Bildpunkten verwischt. Unterschiedliche Farbtöne oder Grauwerte werden im Rastertiefdruck entweder durch eine variierende Dichte der Näpfchen oder durch eine unterschiedliche Näpfchentiefe und -größe über die beim Druckvorgang übertragene Farbmenge erzeugt.With conventional gravure printing, an image is represented by small, wells that are close together but separate from each other in the Printing plate generated with a relatively thin liquid ink be filled. After transfer to the substrate to be printed runs the ink and the sharp demarcation between the individual Pixels blurred. Different shades or grays are available in gravure printing either by varying the density of the cells or by a different cup depth and size over that of the Quantity of ink transferred during printing.

Beim Stichtiefdruck sind die farbübertragenden Vertiefungen der Druckplatte dagegen nicht punktförmig wie beim Rastertiefdruck, sondern üblicherweise linienförmig. Der Stichtiefdruck wird deshalb auch als Linientiefdruck bezeichnet. Der Anpressdruck zwischen Druckplatte bzw. Druckzylinder und Substrat ist sehr hoch, wodurch das Substratmaterial beim Druckvorgang auch bleibend geprägt wird. Die übertragene Druckfarbe ist von pastöser Konsistenz und bleibt nach dem Übertrag auf das Substrat stehen und kann daher bei ausreichender Farbschichtdicke nach dem Trocknen nicht nur sichtbare, sondern auch mit dem Tastsinn erfassbare Strukturen bilden.In intaglio printing, the ink-transferring depressions of the printing plate are in contrast, not dot-like as in gravure printing, but usually linear. Intaglio printing is therefore also called line intaglio printing designated. The contact pressure between the pressure plate or pressure cylinder and substrate is very high, causing the substrate material to print is also permanently shaped. The transferred ink is pasty Consistency and remains after transfer to the substrate and can therefore not only with sufficient ink layer thickness after drying form visible structures that can also be grasped with the sense of touch.

Im traditionellen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stichtiefdruckplatten wird ein darzustellendes Bildmotiv durch Linienstrukturen aufgelöst und diese Linien manuell in eine Metallplatte geschnitten. Die "gestochene" Metallplatte könnte direkt als Druckplatte verwendet werden, wird üblicherweise aber zunächst mit gängigen Abform- und Galvanotechniken vervielfältigt. Die manuelle Anfertigung des Druckplattenoriginals stellt für eine ansprechende und detailgetreue Wiedergabe des Motivs sehr hohe Anforderungen an die künstlerischen und handwerklichen Fähigkeiten, sie bietet kaum Änderungs- und Korrekturmöglichkeiten und sie ist zeitaufwändig und teuer. Deshalb wird häufig zunächst eine sogenannte "Stichzeichnung" erstellt, bei der die Umsetzung des darzustellenden Motivs in Linienstrukturen im ersten Schritt zeichnerisch erfolgt. Die Änderungs- und Korrekturmöglichkeiten beim Erstellen der Zeichnung sind gegenüber dem direkten Stechen in eine Metallplatte etwas erweitert, insgesamt jedoch immer noch sehr beschränkt. Die handwerklichen und künstlerischen Anforderungen an den Zeichner sind nach wie vor sehr hoch.In the traditional process for the production of intaglio printing plates an image motif to be displayed is resolved by line structures and these Lines cut manually into a metal plate. The "engraved" metal plate could be used directly as a printing plate, is usually but first reproduced with common impression and electroplating techniques. The manual production of the printing plate original makes for an appealing and faithful reproduction of the motif very high requirements the artistic and craft skills, it offers hardly any change and correction options and it is time consuming and expensive. Therefore, a so-called "stitch drawing" is often first created at the implementation of the motif to be displayed in line structures in the first Step is done graphically. The change and correction options when creating the drawing are compared to the direct lancing in a metal plate somewhat expanded, but still very limited overall. The technical and artistic requirements for the Draftsmen are still very high.

Mittels fotografischer Verfahren kann die Stichzeichnung auf eine transparente Folie übertragen werden, durch die eine Fotolackschicht belichtet wird, die sich auf der Druckplatte befindet. In den den Linien der Zeichnung entsprechenden Bereichen wird die Druckplattenoberfläche freigelegt und dann durch Ätzung die farbaufnehmenden Vertiefungen erzeugt. Die erzeugte Tiefe hängt neben der Ätzdauer auch von der Linienbreite ab, da feine Linien bei gleicher Ätzdauer zu einer geringeren Ätztiefe führen als breite Linien. Auf einer Druckplatte sich stark unterscheidende und von der Linienbreite weitgehend unabhängige Ätztiefen zu erzeugen, ist bei diesem Verfahren nur sehr begrenzt durch mehrfach wiederholtes Ätzen möglich. Dabei werden zwischen den einzelnen Ätzvorgängen bereichsweise zusätzliche Abdeckschichten auf die Druckplatte aufgebracht oder entfernt. Die zusätzlichen Arbeitsschritte machen diese Vorgehensweise jedoch sehr aufwändig. Außerdem ist die Feinheit der herstellbaren Strukturen beschränkt und das Ergebnis der Ätzung nicht exakt reproduzierbar.Using photographic methods, the stitch drawing can be made on a transparent Film is transferred through which a photoresist layer is exposed, which is on the printing plate. In the lines corresponding to the drawing Areas, the printing plate surface is exposed and then the ink-receiving depressions produced by etching. The generated In addition to the etching time, depth also depends on the line width, since fine lines with the same etching time lead to a smaller etching depth than wide lines. On a printing plate very different and from the line width Generating largely independent etching depths is this method only possible to a very limited extent through repeated etching. there additional areas are created between the individual etching processes Cover layers applied to or removed from the printing plate. The additional Working steps make this procedure very complex. In addition, the fineness of the structures that can be produced is limited and that The etching result is not exactly reproducible.

In der WO 97/48555 wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, mit dem eine aus Linien bestehende Zeichnung durch Gravur in die Oberfläche einer Druckplatte übertragen wird. Für jeden Strich der Zeichnung wird eine entlang der Randkontur des Striches verlaufende Bahn für das Gravierwerkzeug berechnet. Bei dieser Vorgehensweise entfallen zwar die sich aus der Druckplattenätzung ergebenden Beschränkungen, die aufwändige und unflexible Anfertigung einer Stichzeichnung, die kaum Möglichkeiten zur nachträglichen Änderung bietet, bleibt jedoch auch für dieses Verfahren eine weiterhin notwendige Voraussetzung.In WO 97/48555 a method is presented with which one of lines existing drawing by engraving in the surface of a printing plate is transmitted. For each stroke of the drawing, one along the Edge contour of the line running path calculated for the engraving tool. This procedure does not apply to the printing plate etching resulting restrictions, the complex and inflexible production a stitch drawing that hardly any possibilities for subsequent Offering change remains one for this process as well necessary requirement.

In der WO 83/00570 wird ein Verfahren erläutert, mit dem ein Halbtonbild durch frei gewählte Rasterelemente dargestellt werden kann. Dabei wird der gesamte Bildbereich mit regelmäßig angeordneten Rasterelementen überzogen und der Tonwert eines Bildbereichs dadurch wiedergegeben, dass das diesem Bildbereich entsprechende Rasterelement mit einer Strichstärke dargestellt wird, die zuvor dem betreffenden Tonwert zugeordnet wurde. Solche gleichmäßig im gesamten Bildbereich angeordneten Rasterstrukturen erzeugen jedoch insbesondere bei Portraitdarstellungen einen synthetischen, unlebendigen Ausdruck. Außerdem gibt es üblicherweise immer Bildbereiche, in denen die Geometrie eines einzelnen Rasterelements gut erkennbar und für potentielle Nachahmer zugänglich ist. Da die Struktur des Rasters im gesamten Bildbereich gleich bleibt, sind Reproduktionen und Fälschungen in dieser Art und Weise gerasterter Abbildungen relativ einfach möglich.In WO 83/00570 a method is explained with which a halftone image can be represented by freely chosen grid elements. The entire image area covered with regularly arranged raster elements and the tonal value of an image area is represented by the fact that the raster element corresponding to this image area is shown with a line width that was previously assigned to the respective tone value. Such Raster structures arranged evenly in the entire image area generate a synthetic, especially in portraits, inanimate expression. In addition, there are usually always image areas in which the geometry of a single raster element is clearly visible and is accessible to potential imitators. Because the structure of the grid reproductions and fakes remain the same in the entire image area in this way, screened images are relatively easy.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, einen Datenträger vorzuschlagen, dessen im Stichtiefdruckverfahren erzeugtes Druckbild komplexer gestaltet und dadurch fälschungssicherer ist. Ferner soll ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen werden, mit dem beliebige Bildmotive in eine Stichtiefdruckplatte übertragen werden können, und das nicht die Beschränkungen des Standes der Technik aufweist. Insbesondere soll das Verfahren eine schnellere und flexiblere Umsetzung eines Bildmotivs ermöglichen sowie Änderungen und Korrekturen der grafischen Umsetzung des Bildmotivs erleichtern und eine komplexere Gestaltung des Druckbildes ermöglichen.The object of the present invention is a data carrier propose the print image produced by intaglio printing is more complex and therefore more tamper-proof. A procedure is also intended be proposed with any image motifs in a gravure printing plate can be transferred, and not the restrictions of the prior art. In particular, the method should be a enable faster and more flexible implementation of a picture motif as well Changes and corrections to the graphic implementation of the image motif facilitate and enable a more complex design of the printed image.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen Datenträger bzw. ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.The object is achieved by using a data carrier or a method the features of the independent claims. Advantageous further training the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Ein Datenträger gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung weist ein im Stichtiefdruckverfahren gedrucktes Halbtonbild auf, das in Stichmanier wiedergegeben wird. Das heißt, die Konturen, Kontraste und Tonwerte des darzustellenden Bildmotivs werden durch unregelmäßige Linienstrukturen wiedergegeben, deren Abstand, Linienbreite, Geometrie und Typus im Druckbild gezielt variiert wird, um unterschiedliche visuelle Eindrücke zu erzielen. Das Druckbild weist sich wiederholende gedruckte Strukturelemente, beispielsweise Linien oder sich kreuzende Linien auf, denen zumindest teilweise eine Feinstruktur überlagert ist. Durch die in die Strukturelemente integrierten Feinstrukturen wird die Komplexität des Druckbilds enorm erhöht, und dadurch seine Nachahm- und Fälschbarkeit deutlich verringert. Zudem kann durch die Feinstruktur der durch die Strukturelemente erzielte visuelle Eindruck zusätzlich verändert werden. Die einem in Stichtechnik erzeugten Bildmotiv eigene Ausdruckskraft und Lebendigkeit, die durch die individuelle Gestaltung und Anordnung der Linienstrukturen erzeugt wird, bleibt dabei jedoch erhalten.A data carrier according to the present invention has an intaglio printing process printed halftone image, reproduced in stitch manner becomes. That means the contours, contrasts and tonal values of what is to be represented Motifs are reproduced by irregular line structures, their distance, line width, geometry and type in the printed image is specifically varied in order to achieve different visual impressions. The Print image has repetitive printed structural elements, for example Lines or crossing lines on which at least partially one Fine structure is superimposed. Through the integrated in the structural elements Fine structures increase the complexity of the printed image enormously, and thereby its imitability and counterfeitability significantly reduced. It can also through the fine structure the visual impression achieved by the structural elements can also be changed. The one created in stitching technology Image motif own expressiveness and liveliness, through the individual Design and arrangement of the line structures generated remains received however.

Die Feinstrukturen können durch Aussparungen, d.h. unbedruckte Bereiche gebildet werden, die in den gedruckten Strukturelementen vorliegen, die durchgehend und kontinuierlich oder in regelmäßigen oder unregelmäßigen Abständen unterbrochen sein können. Es ist ebenfalls möglich, die gedruckten Strukturelemente durch die Überlagerung mit einer Feinstruktur aufzulösen, d.h. der ursprünglich mit Farbe belegte Bereich der Strukturelemente wird durch einzelne gedruckte, in Positivdarstellung wiedergegebene Zeichen oder Symbole ersetzt. Gleich bleibt lediglich die Umrisskontur der Strukturelemente. Die Feinstrukturen können einen beliebig gestalteten Text, alphanumerische Zeichen, Logos, Symbole, geometrische Figuren oder dergleichen bilden.The fine structures can be cut out, i.e. unprinted areas are formed that are present in the printed structural elements that continuously and continuously or in regular or irregular Intervals can be interrupted. It is also possible to print the To dissolve structural elements by superimposing them with a fine structure, i.e. the area of the structural elements originally covered with color is represented by individual printed characters, represented in positive representation or symbols replaced. Only the outline of the remains the same Structural elements. The fine structures can be any text, alphanumeric characters, logos, symbols, geometric figures or the like form.

Bei entsprechender Gestaltung der Feinstrukturen können diese als visuell sichtbare oder im Druckbild verborgene, nur mittels technischer Hilfsmittel lesbare Zusatzinformationen oder Echtheitsmerkmale herangezogen werden. Eine Ausformung der Feinstrukturen als Antikopierstrukturen ist ebenfalls möglich.If the fine structures are designed accordingly, they can be visual visible or hidden in the printed image, only by means of technical aids legible additional information or authenticity features are used. Forming the fine structures as anti-copying structures is also possible possible.

Werden die Feinstrukturen in Negativdarstellung, d.h. als unbedruckte Aussparungen in bedrucktem Umfeld wiedergegeben, können insbesondere Linien oder der Kreuzungsbereiche sich kreuzender Linien vorteilhaft gestaltet werden. So ist es möglich, in einer gedruckten Linie eine unbedruckte Linie auszusparen, wobei die unbedruckte Linie auch als Doppel- oder Mehrfachlinie ausgeführt werden kann. Die unbedruckte Linie verläuft vorzugsweise exakt parallel zur geometrischen Mittellinie der gedruckten Linie. Die Aussparungen können auch als Zeichen, Muster, Symbole ausgestaltet werden, die beispielsweise einen lesbaren Text oder ein den Hersteller kennzeichnendes Logo darstellen. Solche Texte oder Symbole können je nach Größe ohne oder mit Hilfsmitteln, beispielsweise einer Lupe, einfach überpüft werden.Are the fine structures in negative representation, i.e. as unprinted cutouts reproduced in a printed environment, especially lines or the crossing areas of intersecting lines advantageously designed become. So it is possible to have an unprinted line in a printed line to be left out, the blank line also as a double or multiple line can be executed. The unprinted line preferably runs exactly parallel to the geometric center line of the printed line. The Cutouts can also be designed as signs, patterns, symbols, which, for example, a readable text or one that identifies the manufacturer Represent logo. Such texts or symbols can vary depending on Size simply checked with or without tools, for example a magnifying glass become.

Wird das Strukturelement von sich kreuzende Linien gebildet, so kann insbesondere der gesamte Kreuzungsbereich oder ein parallel zum Kreuzungsbereich verlaufender Bereich einer Linie ausgespart werden. Es ist ebenfalls möglich, im Kreuzungsbereich ein beliebig gestaltetes Zeichen oder Symbol auszusparen und dadurch in Negativdarstellung wiederzugeben.If the structural element is formed by intersecting lines, it can in particular the entire intersection area or one parallel to the intersection area area of a line. It is also possible, any sign or symbol in the intersection area to be left out and thus reproduced in negative form.

Wird die Feinstruktur dagegen in Positivdarstellung wiedergegeben, wird ein Strukturelement, beispielsweise eine Linie durch beliebige einzelne positiv gedruckte Zeichen oder Symbole aufgelöst. Die Zeichen oder Symbole können miteinander verbunden oder voneinander beabstandet sein und werden bevorzugt entlang der geometrischen Mittellinie der aufzulösenden Linie angeordnet. Die Zeichen oder Symbole können in gleich bleibender oder variierender Größe eingebracht werden. Variiert die aufzulösende Linie in ihrer Linienbreite, besteht eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform darin, die Linie randlos durch in ihrer Größe und/oder Strichstärke entsprechend der Linienbreite variierende Zeichen oder Symbole wiederzugeben.If, on the other hand, the fine structure is reproduced in a positive representation, a structural element, for example a line through any single positive printed characters or symbols resolved. The signs or symbols can be connected to each other or spaced from each other and are preferred along the geometric center line of the to be resolved Line arranged. The signs or symbols can remain in the same way or of varying sizes. Varies the line to be resolved in its line width, a preferred embodiment is that Line borderless through in size and / or line width according to the Play line width varying characters or symbols.

Für die drucktechnisch sichere Wiedergabe von Feinstrukturen werden für die Positivdarstellung Strichstärken bevorzugt, die größer oder gleich 25 µm sind, während für die Negativdarstellung Aussparungen bevorzugt werden, die eine lichte Weite von 35 µm oder mehr aufweisen. Positiv- und Negativdarstellungen können auch beliebig kombiniert werden. So können beide Darstellungen nicht nur innerhalb eines Druckbildes an verschiedenen Stellen verwendet werden, sondern auch innerhalb eines Strukturelements in beliebiger Anordnung und Reihenfolge kombiniert werden. Unabhängig davon, ob für die Feinstruktur eine Positiv- oder eine Negativdarstellung gewählt wird, können Zeichen und/ oder Symbole innerhalb eines Strukturelements beliebig kombiniert werden, und benachbarte Strukturelemente mit den gleichen, sich regelmäßig abwechselnden oder gänzlich unterschiedlichen Feinstrukturen ausgestaltet werden. Zur Überlagerung mit einer Feinstruktur werden bevorzugt solche Linienstrukturen herangezogen, die im Druckbild eine Linienbreite von mindestens 200 µm aufweisen.For the printing technically safe reproduction of fine structures for the positive display prefers line widths that are greater than or equal to 25 µm recesses are preferred for the negative display, which have a clear width of 35 µm or more. Positive and negative representations can also be combined as desired. Both can Representations not only in different places within a print image are used, but also within a structural element in any order and order can be combined. Independently whether for the fine structure a positive or a negative representation characters and / or symbols can be selected within a structure element can be combined as desired, and neighboring structural elements with the same, alternating regularly or completely different Fine structures can be designed. For overlaying with a fine structure are preferably used such line structures that in Print image have a line width of at least 200 microns.

Für die Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Halbtonbildes wird nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ein Bildmotiv als digitaler Datensatz zur Verfügung gestellt, wobei die Bilddaten als Pixeldaten vorliegen. Das Bildmotiv wird anhand der Pixeldaten visuell dargestellt und kann so als Vorlage für die nachfolgende grafische Umsetzung des Bildmotivs in der Art und Weise einer Stichzeichnung dienen. Dabei werden anhand von Vorgaben eines Bedieners in einer elektronischen Datenverarbeitungsanlage individuelle Linienstrukturen erzeugt, die die Konturen und Halbtöne des Bildmotivs wiedergeben. Für Bildbereiche, die einen unterschiedlichen visuellen Eindruck erzielen sollen, werden unterschiedliche Linienstrukturen erzeugt. Die die Linienstrukturen wiedergebenden digitalen Bilddaten werden in einem vektorbasierten Datenformat gespeichert. Falls gewünscht, werden die einzelnen Linien der Linienstrukturen bzw. die entsprechenden Bilddaten in der elektronischen Datenverarbeitungsanlage bearbeitet. Dadurch kann eine detailgetreuere Darstellung oder eine nuancierte Veränderung des visuellen Eindrucks eines Bildes oder Bildbereiches erzielt werden. Die gegebenenfalls bearbeiteten digitalen Bilddaten werden unter Beibehaltung des vektorbasierenden Datenformats gespeichert. Anhand dieser digitalen Bilddaten wird dann eine Präzisionsgraviervorrichtung gesteuert und zwar in der Weise, dass in der Oberfläche einer Stichtiefdruckplatte den Linienstrukturen entsprechende Vertiefungen erzeugt werden.For the production of the halftone image according to the invention is after The method according to the invention provides an image motif as a digital data record provided, the image data being available as pixel data. The picture motif is displayed visually based on the pixel data and can thus be used as a template for the subsequent graphic implementation of the image motif in the way serve a stitch drawing. Here, based on the specifications of an operator individual line structures in an electronic data processing system generated that reproduce the contours and halftones of the image motif. For image areas that have a different visual impression different line structures are created. The the Digital image data representing line structures are stored in a vector-based Data format saved. If desired, the individual Lines of the line structures or the corresponding image data in the processed electronic data processing system. This can be a more detailed Representation or a nuanced change in visual Impression of an image or image area can be achieved. The possibly Edited digital image data are kept while maintaining the vector-based Data format saved. Based on this digital image data then controlled a precision engraving device in such a way that in the surface of an intaglio printing plate correspond to the line structures Depressions are generated.

Ein besonderer Vorteil dieser Vorgehensweise bei der Herstellung von Stichtiefdruckplatten besteht darin, dass auf den Zwischenschritt des Anfertigens einer physikalisch vorhandenen Stichzeichnung durch Ausgabe der digitalen Bilddaten an einem Drucker oder Filmbelichter verzichtet werden kann. Konventionelle Gravur- oder Ätzverfahren sind dagegen auf dieses Zwischenergebnis angewiesen. Da jeder zusätzliche Zwischenschritt nicht nur Zeit und Aufwand erfordert, sondern auch eine mögliche Fehlerquelle darstellt, ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren nicht nur schneller und wirtschaftlicher, sondern auch sicherer. Weil die Ausgabe einer Stichzeichnung und deren Weiterverwendung bei der Gravur oder Ätzung zwangsläufig mit Toleranzen behaftet ist, erlaubt das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren aufgrund der direkten Weiterverarbeitung der digitalen Bilddaten auch eine detailgetreuere und maßhaltigere Umsetzung des Bildmotivs in die Stichtiefdruckplatte. Außerdem ist es ohne großen Aufwand möglich, einen Ausschnitt des digital gespeicherten Bildmotivs zu ersetzen und durch veränderte Linienstrukturen, wie die erfindungsgemäße Feinstruktur, wiederzugeben. Das Bildmotiv kann mittels der elektronischen Datenverarbeitungsanlage beliebig skaliert, gedreht und gespiegelt werden, ohne dass an einer in gegenständlicher Form vorliegenden Zeichnung, die immer eine feste Größe besitzt etwas verändert werden muss. Es entfällt auch die Notwendigkeit, von jeder Änderungsvariante des bearbeiteten Bildmotivs einen neuen Ausdruck anzufertigen oder einen Film zu belichten. A particular advantage of this procedure in the production of intaglio printing plates is that on the intermediate step of making a physical stitch drawing by output of the digital Image data on a printer or imagesetter can be omitted. Conventional engraving or etching processes are against this intermediate result reliant. Because every additional intermediate step is not only Requires time and effort, but also represents a possible source of error, the method according to the invention is not only faster and more economical, but also safer. Because the issue of a stitch drawing and their further use inevitably with the engraving or etching The method according to the invention allows tolerances, due to the direct further processing of the digital image data also a more detailed one and more accurate implementation of the image motif in the intaglio printing plate. In addition, it is possible to extract a section of the to replace digitally stored image motifs and with changed line structures, how to reproduce the fine structure according to the invention. The The image can be created using the electronic data processing system be scaled, rotated and mirrored without being in a figurative Form present drawing, which always has a fixed size something needs to be changed. It also eliminates the need for a new printout for each change variant of the edited image motif to make or to expose a film.

Im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung, bei der ein Bildmotiv durch unregelmäßige Linienstrukturen wiedergegeben wird, werden darunter nicht nur durchgehende und unterbrochene Linien verstanden, sondern auch strichlierte, strichpunktierte und gepunktete Linien. Auch andere geometrische Symbole, die in regelmäßigen Abständen entlang einer mathematischen Linie angeordnet sind, können im Sinne der Erfindung eine Linienstruktur bilden.In connection with the present invention, in which an image motif represented by irregular line structures are underneath not only understood continuous and broken lines, but also dashed, dash-dotted and dotted lines. Other geometrical ones too Symbols periodically along a math Line are arranged, can be a line structure in the sense of the invention form.

Die Gravur kann im Sinne der Erfindung mittels spanabhebender Verfahren wie Fräsen, Schaben oder Hobeln erfolgen, als auch mittels berührungsloser Materialabtragungsverfahren, wie der Lasergravur. Präzisionsfräsverfahren werden bevorzugt eingesetzt. Die gravierte Platte kann unmittelbar als Druckplatte verwendet werden oder als Original für gängige Abform- und Vervielfältigungsprozesse dienen, mit denen die beim Stichtiefdruck eingesetzten Druckplatten erst erzeugt werden.In the sense of the invention, the engraving can be carried out by means of machining processes such as milling, scraping or planing, as well as by means of non-contact Material removal processes, such as laser engraving. Präzisionsfräsverfahren are preferred. The engraved plate can be used immediately Printing plate can be used or as an original for common impression and Duplication processes are used by those used in intaglio printing Printing plates are only created.

Liegen die Bilddaten zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens nicht bereits als digitale Bilddatei vor, muss ein Bildmotiv zunächst elektronisch erfasst und digitalisiert werden. Dazu wird vom darzustellenden Motiv zunächst ein Abbild angefertigt, das in einzelne Bildpunkte zerlegt wird, die man üblicherweise als "Pixel" bezeichnet. Neben den Koordinaten wird zu jedem Bildpunkt auch ein Grau- oder Farbwert erfasst. Die Auswahl des abzubildenden Motivs unterliegt keinerlei Beschränkungen. Als Vorlage können reale Gegenstände, wie beispielsweise Skulpturen, Gebäude oder Landschaften dienen, als auch Halbtonabbildungen, wie Fotografien oder Gemälde. Zum Digitalisieren bereits als Abbildung vorliegender Motive kann vorzugsweise ein Scanner eingesetzt werden, der natürlich eine angemessene Auflösung aufweisen muss. Zur Digitalisierung des Abbilds eines realen Gegenstandes wird vorzugsweise eine Videokamera oder Digitalkamera eingesetzt. Um die Abfolge der nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritte zeitlich voneinander unabhängig gestalten zu können, werden die als "Pixeldaten" bezeichneten digitalen Bilddaten gespeichert.Are the image data for carrying out the method according to the invention not already as a digital image file, an image motif must first be electronic recorded and digitized. This will depend on the motif to be displayed first an image is made, which is broken down into individual pixels, which are commonly referred to as "pixels". In addition to the coordinates A gray or color value is also recorded for each pixel. The selection of the There are no restrictions on the motif to be displayed. As template can real objects, such as sculptures, buildings or Landscapes serve as well as halftone images, such as photographs or Painting. For digitizing already existing motifs a scanner can preferably be used, which of course is an appropriate one Must have resolution. To digitize the image of a real object is preferably a video camera or digital camera used. To the sequence of the subsequent procedural steps to be able to design independently of one another, the "pixel data" designated digital image data stored.

Anhand der Pixeldaten erfolgt, vorzugsweise an einem Monitor, die visuelle Darstellung der digitalen Bilddaten. Falls gewünscht oder erforderlich, werden die Pixeldaten elektronisch retuschiert, worunter deren Bearbeitung an einer elektronischen Datenverarbeitungsanlage verstanden wird. Bei der Retusche können störende Details entfernt, Konturen verstärkt oder abgeschwächt oder die Kontraste der Abbildung, gegebenenfalls auch nur für einzelne Bildbereiche, verändert werden.The visual data is carried out on the basis of the pixel data, preferably on a monitor Representation of the digital image data. If desired or necessary, will be the pixel data electronically retouched, including their processing an electronic data processing system is understood. When retouching annoying details can be removed, contours reinforced or weakened or the contrasts of the image, possibly only for individual image areas can be changed.

Analog der Vorgehensweise bei der manuellen Anfertigung einer Stichzeichnung werden in einer elektronischen Datenverarbeitungsanlage durch Vorgaben eines Bedieners unregelmäßige Linienstrukturen generiert, die die Konturen und Halbtöne des darzustellenden Bildmotivs wiedergeben. In vorteilhafter Weise dient dabei die anhand der Pixeldaten vorgenommene visuelle Darstellung des Bildmotivs als Vorlage. Die Umsetzung des Bildmotivs in Linienstrukturen wird besonders erleichtert, wenn das digitalisierte und durch die Pixeldaten wiedergegebene Bildmotiv an einem Monitor im Hintergrund eingeblendet wird, während der Bediener im Vordergrund die gewünschten Linienstrukturen erzeugt. Der Verlauf der erzeugten Linien kann vom Bediener manuell vorgegeben werden, wobei die in einer Ebene liegenden Koordinaten des Linienverlaufs von einem Eingabemedium erfasst und an die Datenverarbeitungsanlage übermittelt werden. Hierfür eignen sich insbesondere ein Zeichentableau oder eine Computermaus, auch ein so genannter Trackball oder ein Joystick kommen als Eingabemedium infrage. Analogous to the procedure for the manual creation of a stitch drawing are carried out in an electronic data processing system Operator's specifications generated irregular line structures that the Render contours and halftones of the image to be displayed. In The one made on the basis of the pixel data advantageously serves visual representation of the motif as a template. The implementation of the picture motif in line structures is particularly facilitated if the digitized and image motif reproduced by the pixel data on a monitor in the Background is shown while the operator is in the foreground desired line structures generated. The course of the generated lines can be specified manually by the operator, the one level lying coordinates of the line course are recorded by an input medium and transmitted to the data processing system. purpose are especially a drawing board or a computer mouse, also a So-called trackball or a joystick can be used as the input medium.

Die digitalen Bilddaten, die die Linienstrukturen wiedergeben, werden in einem vektorbasierten Datenformat gespeichert. Insbesondere bei sehr hoch auflösenden Grafiken wird für ein auf Vektordarstellung basierendem Datenformat weniger Speicherplatz benötigt als für ein pixelbasierendes Datenformat entsprechender Auflösung. Durch die geringere Datenmenge können nachfolgende Bearbeitungsschritte schneller durchgeführt werden.The digital image data, which represent the line structures, are in saved in a vector-based data format. Especially at very high high resolution graphics is for a data format based on vector representation takes up less storage space than for a pixel-based data format appropriate resolution. Due to the smaller amount of data subsequent processing steps can be carried out more quickly.

Für die Erzeugung und Bearbeitung von Linienstrukturen, die ein gegebenes Bildmotiv in ansprechender und detailgetreuer Weise wiedergeben sollen, ist es vorteilhaft, die Linienstrukturen während jeder Veränderung unmittelbar visuell darzustellen. Dadurch kann der Bediener, beispielsweise auf einem Monitor, in jeder Phase eine von ihm initiierte Veränderung der Abbildung instantan wahrnehmen und ihren Einfluss auf das optische Erscheinungsbild der Abbildung überprüfen. Bei der Bearbeitung der die Linienstrukturen wiedergebenden digitalen Bilddaten können Strukturelemente, wie Linien oder Kreuzungspunkte, gezielt verändert werden. Die derart bearbeiteten digitalen Bilddaten werden schließlich gespeichert und zu einem beliebigen späteren Zeitpunkt unmittelbar zur Steuerung einer Präzisionsgraviervorrichtung verwendet. Auch bei der Speicherung der bearbeiteten Bilddaten wird das auf einer Vektordarstellung basierende Datenformat beibehalten.For the creation and editing of line structures that a given Should reproduce the image motif in an appealing and detailed manner, it is advantageous to change the line structures immediately during each change visualize. This allows the operator, for example, to a monitor, a change in the image initiated by him in each phase perceive instantly and their influence on the visual appearance check the illustration. When editing the line structures reproducing digital image data can include structural elements, such as lines or crossing points, can be specifically changed. The so processed digital image data is finally saved and combined into one any later point in time to control a precision engraving device used. Even when saving the edited Image data is maintained in the data format based on a vector representation.

Die Steuerung der Graviervorrichtung erfolgt in der Weise, dass entsprechend dem Verlauf und der Geometrie der durch die digitalen Bilddaten repräsentierten Linienstrukturen in der Oberfläche einer Stichtiefdruckplatte Vertiefungen erzeugt werden, die zur Aufnahme von Druckfarbe bestimmt sind. The engraving device is controlled in such a way that accordingly the course and geometry of the digital image data represented line structures in the surface of an intaglio printing plate Indentations are created, which are intended for receiving ink are.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist es grundsätzlich möglich, für die Gravurtiefe in der Druckplatte einen von der Linienbreite unabhängigen Wert vorzugeben. Dieser Wert kann grundsätzlich für alle oder einen Teil der zu gravierenden Linien konstant sein, er kann aber auch programmgesteuert durch eine vorgegebene mathematische Beziehung in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Linienbreite berechnet werden. Es ist auch möglich, dass der Bediener lediglich für eine einzelne Linie, einen Teilbereich einer Linie oder eine Gruppe von Linien eine beliebige Gravurtiefe vorgibt, solange diese im Rahmen der technologischen Möglichkeiten liegt. Insbesondere bei Linien geringer Linienbreite unterliegt die umsetzbare Gravurtiefe natürlich fertigungstechnischen Beschränkungen.With the method according to the invention it is basically possible for Engraving depth in the printing plate is independent of the line width Specify value. This value can basically be for all or part of the lines to be engraved can be constant, but it can also be program-controlled dependent on a given mathematical relationship can be calculated from the respective line width. It is also possible that the operator only for a single line, a section of a line or a group of lines specifies any engraving depth, as long as it is is within the technological possibilities. Especially at Lines of narrow line width are of course subject to the feasible engraving depth manufacturing restrictions.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erlauben eine einfache Bearbeitung zu druckender Motive, insbesondere eine Bearbeitung der erfindungsgemäßen Strukturelemente. Insbesondere kann die Linienstärke und die Geometrie der Linienenden einzelner Linien gezielt geändert werden. Die Linienenden können beispielsweise eine rechteckige, halbkreisförmige oder spitz zulaufende Geometrie erhalten. Ferner ist es möglich, die Linien zu strecken, zu stauchen, zu verzerren oder ihre Basisgeometrie zu verändern. Dabei erhalten die gegenüber liegenden Begrenzungskanten einer Linie beispielsweise keinen parallelen Verlauf, sondern eine entgegengesetzte Krümmung, so dass die Linie oder ein Liniensegment eine linsen- oder lanzenförmige Basisgeometrie erhält. Alle Bearbeitungsschritte können sowohl an einer einzelnen Linie oder gleichzeitig an einer ganzen Gruppe von Linien, durch die ein kompletter Bildbereich wiedergegeben wird, vorgenommen werden. Ferner ist es mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens möglich, die zu einer gedruckten Linie führende Gravur nicht vollflächig vorzunehmen, sondern einen Bereich entlang der geometrischen Mittellinie nicht zu gravieren. Wird die Gravur nur entlang der beiden Ränder einer Linie vorgenommen, entsteht innerhalb der vorgegebenen Linienbreite eine Doppellinie. Weitere neue Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten ergeben sich für Strukturelemente, die aus sich kreuzenden Linien bestehen. Beispielsweise können die digitalen Bilddaten für die Gravur so aufbereitet werden, dass Kreuzungspunkte nicht graviert werden. Mit entsprechenden Druckplatten bedruckte Datenträger weisen im Kreuzungsbereich der Linien dann keine Druckfarbe auf. Eine weitere Variante besteht darin, dass von zwei sich kreuzenden Linien lediglich eine durchgehend graviert wird, während die zweite im Kreuzungsbereich nicht fortgeführt, d.h. unterbrochen wird und die beiden Teile der unterbrochenen Linie die kreuzende, durchgehende Linie nicht berühren. Eine weitere Variante besteht darin, eine Linie nicht nur in eine Doppellinie aufzuspalten, sondern zumindest abschnittsweise gefiedert wiederzugeben.The methods according to the invention allow simple processing printing motifs, in particular a processing of the invention Structural elements. In particular, the line width and the geometry the line ends of individual lines can be specifically changed. The line ends can for example be rectangular, semicircular or tapered Preserve geometry. It is also possible to stretch the lines, too compress, distort or change their basic geometry. Received in the process the opposite boundary edges of a line, for example no parallel course, but an opposite curvature, so that the line or a line segment has a lenticular or lance-shaped basic geometry receives. All processing steps can be carried out on a single Line or at the same time on a whole group of lines through which a complete image area is reproduced. Further it is possible with the aid of the method according to the invention, which results in a printed Do not perform line-leading engraving over the entire surface, but instead not to engrave an area along the geometric center line. Becomes the engraving is made only along the two edges of a line a double line within the specified line width. Further New design options arise for structural elements that result from crossing lines exist. For example, the digital image data be prepared for engraving in such a way that crossing points are not be engraved. Data carriers printed with appropriate printing plates then have no printing ink in the crossing area of the lines. A Another variant is that of two crossing lines only one is continuously engraved, while the second is in the intersection area discontinued, i.e. is interrupted and the two parts of the interrupted Do not touch the crossing, continuous line. A another variant is not only to split a line into a double line, but to render pinnated at least in sections.

Die für die Stichtiefdruckplattenherstellung sowie den eigentlichen Druckvorgang erforderlichen Apparaturen stehen ebenso wie das erforderliche Know-how nur sehr begrenzt zur Verfügung und erfordern einen erheblichen materiellen und finanziellen Aufwand. Da der erforderliche Aufwand eine erhebliche Barriere für potentielle Nachahmer und Fälscher darstellt, wird das Stichtiefdruckverfahren vorzugsweise für den Wert- und Sicherheitsdruck, beispielsweise zur Herstellung von Banknoten, Aktien, Pässen, Ausweisen, hochwertigen Eintrittskarten und ähnlichen Dokumenten verwendet. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Gestaltung von Stichtiefdruckplatten ermöglicht die Umsetzung der vorstehend beschriebenen Strukturelemente in solcher Präzision und Feinheit, dass sie im Druckbild damit hergestellter Datenträger als visuell sichtbare oder auch erst unter Zuhilfenahme einer Lupe überprüfbare Sicherheitsmerkmale verwendet werden können. The one for intaglio printing plate production and the actual printing process required equipment is available as well as the required Know-how is very limited and requires a significant amount material and financial expenditure. Because the effort required represents a significant barrier for potential imitators and counterfeiters, the intaglio printing process is preferably used for security and security printing, for example for the production of banknotes, shares, passports, ID, high-quality tickets and similar documents used. The method according to the invention for the design of intaglio printing plates enables the implementation of those described above Structural elements with such precision and delicacy that they appear in the printed image thus created data carrier as visually visible or only with the help security features that can be checked with a magnifying glass are used can.

Das anhand der Herstellung von Stichtiefdruckplatten erläuterte Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Bildmotivs, das durch unregelmäßige Linienstrukturen wiedergegeben wird, ist grundsätzlich auch geeignet, um damit Vorlagen oder Druckformen für andere Druckverfahren anzufertigen. Da Umsetzungen eines Bildmotivs in eine in Stichmanier gehaltene Darstellungsweise bislang nicht in der erläuterten Art und Weise erfolgten, und deren Linienstrukturen nun erstmals mit zusätzlichen Feinstrukturen überlagert werden, kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in vorteilhafter Weise auch eingesetzt werden, um die damit erzeugten digitalen Bilddaten beispielsweise in einem Digitaldrucker, Filmbelichter, Plattenbelichter oder anderen digitalen Druckverfahren weiterzuverarbeiten. Die voranstehend erläuterten Möglichkeiten und Vorteile, wie Lebendigkeit, Individualität und Komplexität der Darstellungsweise lassen sich durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch für weitere Druckverfahren, wie z.B. den Offsetdruck nutzen.The method explained using the production of intaglio printing plates to create an image motif that is characterized by irregular line structures reproduced, is basically also suitable for making templates or to produce printing forms for other printing processes. Because implementations of a picture motif in an engraving manner So far not in the manner described, and their line structures are now overlaid with additional fine structures for the first time, The method according to the invention can also be used in an advantageous manner the digital image data generated with it, for example in a digital printer, film setter, platesetter or other digital To further process printing processes. The options explained above and advantages such as liveliness, individuality and complexity the method of representation can be achieved by the method according to the invention also for other printing processes, e.g. use offset printing.

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen.Further advantages result from the following description of exemplary embodiments.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
die Darstellung eines Portraits in Stichmanier,
Fig. 2
Ausschnitt einer konventionellen Stichdarstellung ohne Feinstrukturen,
Fig. 3 bis 8
Ausschnitt einer Stichdarstellung mit unterschiedlichen Varianten von Feinstrukturen,
Fig. 9
Varianten sich kreuzender Linien mit unterschiedlichen Feinstrukturen.
Show it:
Fig. 1
the portrayal of a portrait in stitch fashion,
Fig. 2
Section of a conventional stitch display without fine structures,
3 to 8
Section of a stitch representation with different variants of fine structures,
Fig. 9
Variants of intersecting lines with different fine structures.

In Fig. 1 ist das Portrait einer Person in Stichmanier wiedergegeben. D.h, alle Konturen und Bildelemente werden, wie bei der Stichdarstellung üblich, mit Hilfe von variierenden Linienstrukturen wiedergegeben. Diese können aus durchgehenden oder unterbrochenen Linien bestehen, wie beispielsweise im Bildbereich des Mantels und Bartes, oder auch aus strichlierten oder gepunkteten Linien, wie im Bereich des Ohrs, der Wange und der Stirn gut zu erkennen ist. Gemäß den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren werden solche Abbildungen manuell direkt in eine Metallplatte geschnitten oder von Hand auf Papier gezeichnet. Bei der Umsetzung eines Bildmotivs in eine Stichzeichnung werden unterschiedliche Schattierungen und Farboder Grauwerte dadurch wiedergegeben, dass für die unterschiedlich getönten Bildbereiche unterschiedliche Typen von Linienstrukturen verwendet werden und/oder die Linienbreite und der Linienabstand variiert werden. So werden helle Partien, wie der Bereich der Stirn, der Wangen und des Ohrs im vorliegenden Portrait bevorzugt durch feine, verhältnismäßig weit voneinander beabstandete Linien wiedergegeben, die zusätzlich strichliert oder strichpunktiert oder gepunktet sind. Dunkle Bildbereiche, wie beispielsweise der Hut oder der Mantel im vorliegenden Portrait werden bevorzugt durch breite, eng beieinander liegende Linien dargestellt. Zur Erzeugung dunkler Bereiche oder um einen veränderten optischen Eindruck zu erzielen, wie im Bereich des Mantels oder der Nasenflanke, kann auch einer ersten Gruppe von weit gehend parallel verlaufenden Linien, die als "Hauptlage" bezeichnet wird, eine sogenannte "Nebenlage" überlagert werden, die aus einer zweiten Gruppe von ebenfalls weit gehend parallel verlaufenden Linien besteht. In Fig. 1 the portrait of a person is reproduced in the manner of a stitch. That is, everyone Contours and picture elements are, as is usual with stitch depiction, with Reproduced with the help of varying line structures. These can come from solid or broken lines exist, such as in Image area of the coat and beard, or also from dashed or dotted Lines as can be seen in the area of the ear, cheek and forehead is. According to the methods known from the prior art such images are manually cut directly into a metal plate or drawn by hand on paper. When implementing a picture motif Different shades and color or Gray values reproduced in that for the differently toned Image areas used different types of line structures and / or the line width and line spacing can be varied. This creates bright areas such as the area of the forehead, cheeks and ear preferred in the present portrait by fine, relatively far apart spaced lines reproduced, which are also dashed or dash-dotted or dotted. Dark areas of the image, such as the hat or coat in the present portrait are preferred by broad, closely spaced lines are shown. To create darker Areas or to achieve a changed visual impression, as in the Area of the mantle, or the side of the nose, can also be a first group of largely parallel lines, referred to as the "main location" will be superimposed on a so-called "secondary location", which consists of second group of also largely parallel lines.

Bei der Umsetzung eines solchen Bildmotivs in eine Stichtiefdruckplatte nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann als Vorlage für die Stichdarstellung des Portraits beispielsweise ein Gemälde gedient haben, das mit Hilfe einer Digitalkamera digitalisiert wurde. Die in einem pixelbasierten Datenformat gespeicherten Bilddaten wurden anschließend elektronisch retuschiert, wobei die Kontraste einzelner Bildbereiche verändert wurden. Häufig ist es von Vorteil, die Übergänge ausgeprägter Konturen (beispielsweise von Falten in der Bekleidung oder der Umrisslinie der Nase) hervorzuheben oder abzuschwächen. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass nachfolgende Arbeitsschritte erleichtert werden, wenn die retuschierten Pixeldaten für den Bediener sichtbar, an einem Monitor dargestellt werden. Die Darstellung des auf den Pixeldaten basierenden Abbilds erfolgt im Hintergrund, während im Vordergrund durch Vorgaben des Bedieners die Linienstrukturen erzeugt werden, die die einzelnen Elemente und Details des Portraits wiedergeben. Der Verlauf einer Linie wird vom Bediener beispielsweise an einem Zeichentableau vorgegeben, welches die Koordinaten des Verlaufs erfasst und an eine Datenverarbeitungsanlage übermittelt. Sind die Linienbasisgeometrie und die Linienbreite bereits bestimmt, kann die Linie in der gewünschten Gestaltung am Monitor instantan angezeigt werden und dient dem Bediener zur unmittelbaren Kontrolle seines Tuns. Der Vorgang des Linienerzeugens anhand der Vorgaben des Bedieners in Verbindung mit der gleichzeitigen Darstellung der generierten Linie am Monitor entspricht somit weit gehend einem freien manuellen Zeichnen, hat jedoch den Vorteil, dass jede elektronisch generierte Linienstruktur nachträglich beliebig bearbeitet werden kann. So ist es z.B. ohne Probleme möglich, eine bereits generierte Linie nachträglich zu verlängern oder zu verkürzen, die Linienbreite der gesamten Linie oder einzelner Bereiche zu ändern, eine Linie zu verzerren oder die Geometrie der Linienenden zu verändern. So enden in Fig. 1 beispielsweise die meisten der die rechte Seite des Mantels wiedergebenden Linien in einem rechteckigen Profil, während die meisten der den Bart und das Haupthaar wiedergebenden Linien spitz auslaufende Enden besitzen. Halbkreisförmige Linienenden sind ebenso denkbar wie andere asymmetrische oder benutzergenerierte Geometrien. Die Änderungen und Bearbeitungen können sowohl an einer einzelnen Linie oder gleichzeitig an ganzen Liniengruppen vorgenommen werden, die gemeinsam einen Bildbereich darstellen.When converting such an image into an intaglio printing plate according to the inventive method can serve as a template for the stitch display of the portrait, for example, served a painting that was digitized using a digital camera. The in a pixel-based data format stored image data were then electronically retouched, the contrasts of individual image areas have been changed. Frequently it is advantageous to mark the transitions of pronounced contours (e.g. of folds in clothing or the outline of the nose) or weaken. It has been shown that subsequent work steps be made easier when the retouched pixel data for the operator visible, displayed on a monitor. The representation of the on the Image based on pixel data takes place in the background while in the foreground the line structures are generated by the operator's specifications, which reflect the individual elements and details of the portrait. The The operator runs a line on a drawing board, for example predefined, which captures the coordinates of the course and on transmitted a data processing system. Are the line base geometry and the line width has already been determined, the line can be in the desired Design can be displayed instantly on the monitor and serves the operator for immediate control of his actions. The process of creating lines based on the specifications of the operator in connection with the simultaneous Representation of the generated line on the monitor thus largely corresponds a free manual drawing, however, has the advantage that each is electronic generated line structure can be edited later can. So it is e.g. possible without problems, an already generated line subsequently extend or shorten the line width of the entire To change the line or individual areas, to distort a line or the To change the geometry of the line ends. For example, end in FIG. 1 most of the lines representing the right side of the mantle in one rectangular profile, while most of the beard and head hair reproducing lines have pointed ends. Semi-circular Line ends are just as conceivable as other asymmetrical or user-generated ones Geometries. The changes and edits can both carried out on a single line or simultaneously on entire line groups that together represent an image area.

Bei der Bearbeitung der die Linienstrukturen wiedergebenden digitalen Bilddaten ist es möglich, einzelnen Linien oder Liniengruppen eine bestimmte Gravurtiefe zuzuordnen. Beispielsweise kann eine Hauptlage tiefer oder flacher graviert werden als die zugehörige Nebenlage. Ferner ist es möglich, einzelne auch sehr dicht beieinander liegende Linien gleicher oder unterschiedlicher Linienbreite in einer stark voneinander abweichenden Gravurtiefe umzusetzen. Die eine von zwei sehr dicht beieinander liegenden Linien gleicher Breite könnte beispielsweise in der Stichtiefdruckplatte mit einer Tiefe von 10 µm graviert werden, während die zweite mit einer Gravurtiefe von 150 µm erzeugt wird. Mit der konventionellen Ätztechnik sind solche Merkmale nicht realisierbar.When processing the digital, representing the line structures Image data it is possible to single lines or groups of lines a certain Assign engraving depth. For example, a main layer can be lower or be engraved flatter than the associated secondary layer. It is also possible some very close lines of the same or different ones Line width in a very different engraving depth implement. The one of two very close lines same width could, for example, in the intaglio printing plate with a Depth of 10 µm can be engraved, while the second with an engraving depth of 150 µm is generated. With conventional etching technology, there are Features not realizable.

Die Fig. 2 bis 8 zeigen einen Ausschnitt einer Stichdarstellung eines Portraits. Während im oberen linken Bildteil Teile einer Gesichtskontur erkennbar sind, wird im mittleren und unteren rechten Bildteil ein Ausschnitt des Kragens der Bekleidung und der Schulter 1 wiedergegeben. In den Bildausschnitten ist deutlich erkennbar, dass unterschiedliche Bereiche des Bildmotivs durch unterschiedliche, d.h. variierende und damit insgesamt unregelmäßige Linienstrukturen dargestellt werden.2 to 8 show a section of a stitch representation of a portrait. While parts of a facial contour can be seen in the upper left part of the picture are a section of the collar in the middle and lower right part of the picture the clothing and shoulder 1 reproduced. In the image sections it is clearly recognizable that different areas of the image motif through different, i.e. varying and therefore irregular overall Line structures are shown.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen Portraitausschnitt in einer Darstellungsweise gemäß dem Stand der Technik mit durchgehenden und unterbrochenen, sowie sich teilweise kreuzenden Linienstrukturen. Die einzelnen Linien weisen keine zusätzlichen Sub- oder Feinstrukturen auf.Fig. 2 shows a portrait section in a representation according to the State of the art with continuous and interrupted, as well as partially crossing line structures. The individual lines have no additional ones Sub or fine structures.

In Fig. 3 wurde den Linienstrukturen, die den rechten Schulterbereich 1 wiedergeben, eine Feinstruktur überlagert. Im vorliegenden Beispiel liegt die Feinstruktur als Aussparung im bedruckten, durch die waagerechten Linien gebildeten Umfeld vor. Die Aussparungen bilden in Negativdarstellung wiedergegebene Linien, die exakt auf der Mittellinie der das bedruckte Umfeld bildenden gedruckten Linien liegen. Die feinen Linien der diagonal verlaufenden Nebenlage sind durchgehend ausgeführt, so dass die Aussparungen, d.h. die Negativlinien an den Kreuzungen der Linien der Hauptund Nebenlage unterbrochen werden.3, the line structures which represent the right shoulder area 1, a fine structure is superimposed. In the present example, the Fine structure as a recess in the printed, through the horizontal lines educated environment. The recesses form in a negative representation rendered lines that are exactly on the center line of the printed environment forming printed lines. The fine lines of the diagonal running secondary layer are carried out continuously, so that the recesses, i.e. the negative lines at the intersections of the lines of the main and Secondary location can be interrupted.

In dem in Fig. 4 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die feinen Linien der diagonal verlaufenden Nebenlage durch die Aussparungen in der waagerechten Hauptlage unterbrochen. Dadurch sind die Aussparungen in der Hauptlage ununterbrochene Negativlinien.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the fine lines are diagonally running secondary layer through the recesses in the horizontal Main location interrupted. As a result, the recesses in the Main location of continuous negative lines.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 5 bilden die Aussparungen in den waagerecht verlaufenden Linien der Hauptlage des Schulterbereichs 1 eine sehr feine Doppellinie in Negativdarstellung, die wiederum exakt parallel zur geometrischen Mittellinie verläuft. Die Linien der diagonal verlaufenden Nebenlage sind wiederum nicht durchgehend, sondern werden im Kreuzungsbereich mit den Linien der Hauptlage ebenfalls durch die Aussparungen unterbrochen.In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the recesses in the horizontal running lines of the main position of the shoulder area 1 a very fine double line in negative representation, which in turn is exactly parallel to the geometric center line. The lines of the diagonal Secondary locations are again not continuous, but are in the intersection area with the lines of the main layer also through the recesses interrupted.

In Fig. 6a) wird die Feinstruktur in den Linien des Schulterbereichs 1 durch Aussparungen mit einfacher, aber unterschiedlicher geometrischer Kontur in Form von Kreisen und kurzen Strichen gebildet. Die Aussparungen in einer Linie haben jeweils die gleiche Form einer einfachen geometrischen Figur" während aufeinander folgende Linien jeweils unterschiedliche Figuren als Aussparungen aufweisen.In Fig. 6a) the fine structure is shown in the lines of the shoulder area 1 Cutouts with a simple but different geometric contour in Formed by circles and short dashes. The cutouts in one Each line has the same shape of a simple geometric figure " while successive lines each have different figures as Have recesses.

In Fig. 6b) sind in den Linienstrukturen des Schulterbereichs 1 Negativstrukturen eingebracht, die in aufeinander folgenden Linien abwechselnd Zahlen mit mehreren Ziffern und Buchstaben darstellen, wobei die Buchstaben teilweise Wörter bilden. Zusätzlich sind in Fig. 6b) beispielhaft für weitere mögliche Kombinationen Teile der den Kragen darstellenden Linienstrukturen mit unterschiedlichen Feinstrukturen versehen. In dem mittleren Kragenteil 2 sind den Linien in Negativdarstellung wiedergegebene, also ausgesparte Mittellinien überlagert. Den Linien des linken Kragenteils 3 wurde eine Feinstruktur überlagert, die aus voneinander beabstandeten Aussparungen einfacher länglicher Geometrie besteht.6b) there are negative structures in the line structures of the shoulder region 1 introduced that alternate numbers in successive lines with multiple digits and letters, the letters partially Form words. In addition, in Fig. 6b) are examples of others possible combinations parts of the line structures representing the collar provided with different fine structures. In the middle part of the collar 2 are the lines shown in negative representation, that is, omitted Center lines overlaid. The lines of the left collar part 3 was a fine structure overlaid with spaced-apart recesses simple elongated geometry.

Auch in Fig. 7 wird die Feinstruktur durch Aussparungen in den gedruckten Linien gebildet, wobei in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ein aus den Buchstaben "G" und "D" zusammengesetztes Logo in Negativdarstellung wiedergegeben ist. Das Logo ist entlang den mit der Feinstruktur überlagerten Linien in gleichmäßigen Abständen vielfach wiederholt.7, the fine structure is shown by cutouts in the printed Lines formed, in this embodiment one of the letters "G" and "D" composite logo reproduced in a negative representation is. The logo is along the lines overlaid with the fine structure repeated many times at regular intervals.

In Fig. 8a) ist in den waagerecht verlaufenden Linien des rechten Schulterbereichs 1 eine Feinstruktur eingebracht, die dasselbe Logo wiedergibt wie in Fig. 7. In Fig. 8a) wurde für das Logo jedoch eine Positivdarstellung gewählt, d.h., das Logo ist durch gedruckte Strukturen vor unbedrucktem Umfeld wiedergegeben. Die mit der Feinstruktur überlagerte Linie wird dadurch weit gehend aufgelöst und es bleibt nur eine schmale Randkontur erhalten. Das Logo ist wiederum exakt auf der geometrischen Mittellinie positioniert und entlang der Mittellinie vielfach wiederholt. Anstatt der in Figur 8a) wiedergegebenen Darstellung ist es auch möglich, die mit der Feinstruktur überlagerte Linie vollständig aufzulösen, und den Konturverlauf ihrer Ränder durch Zeichen oder Symbole wiederzugeben, die in ihrer Größe und gegebenenfalls auch in ihrer Strichstärke entsprechend der Breite der aufzulösenden Linie variieren. Ein Beispiel dafür ist in Fig. 8b) dargestellt. Diese Figur gibt einen Ausschnitt aus einer anderen Stichdarstellung als die vorangegangenen Figuren wieder. Der Ausschnitt zeigt in einer vergrößerten Darstellung einen Teil eines Gesichtsportraits, die linke Augenpartie und Haupthaare. Eine der Linien, die Haare bzw. ein Haarbüschel darstellt, ist nicht vollflächig ausgeführt, sondern mit einer Feinstruktur versehen. Die Feinstruktur besteht aus Großbuchstaben in Positivdarstellung, die zusammen den Begriff "Gutenberg" bilden. Die Anordnung und Größe bzw. Höhe der Buchstaben folgt dem Verlauf und der Außenkontur der ursprünglichen Linie, die eine Haarsträhne wiedergibt. Zusätzlich sind vor und nach der Buchstabengruppe sehr feine, quer zur Verlaufsrichtung der Haarsträhne angeordnete Negativlinien eingebracht, die die Haarlinie in kürzere Einzelsegmente unterteilen.In Fig. 8a) is in the horizontal lines of the right shoulder area 1 introduced a fine structure that shows the same logo as in Fig. 7. In Fig. 8a), however, a positive representation was chosen for the logo, i.e., the logo is due to printed structures in front of an unprinted environment played. The line overlaid with the fine structure is thereby largely resolved and only a narrow edge contour remains. The logo is again positioned exactly on the geometric center line and repeated many times along the center line. Instead of that shown in Figure 8a) Representation is also possible with the fine structure completely dissolve the superimposed line, and the contour of its edges by representing characters or symbols in their size and where appropriate also in line width according to the width of the to be resolved Line vary. An example of this is shown in Fig. 8b). This figure gives an excerpt from a different stitch representation than the previous ones Figures again. The section shows an enlarged view part of a face portrait, the left eye area and Main hair. One of the lines that represents hair or a tuft of hair is not all-over, but with a fine structure. The Fine structure consists of capital letters in positive representation, which together form the term "Gutenberg". The arrangement and size or height the letter follows the course and the outer contour of the original Line that represents a strand of hair. In addition, before and after Group of letters very fine, transverse to the direction of the hair strand arranged negative lines introduced, the hairline into shorter individual segments divide.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Datenträger sind in keiner Weise auf die in den Ausführungsbeispielen dargestellten Feinstrukturen begrenzt. Im Sinne der Erfindung sind beliebige Variationen und Kombinationen unterschiedlicher Typen und Arten von Feinstrukturen möglich.The data carriers according to the invention are in no way based on those in the Limited fine structures shown embodiments. In the sense of the Any variations and combinations of the invention are different Types and types of fine structures possible.

In Fig. 9 sind schematisch und in vergrößerter Darstellung als Strukturelemente unterschiedliche Varianten sich kreuzender Linien wiedergegeben. Fig. 9a) entspricht dem Stand der Technik, bei der beide Linien vollflächig gedruckt sind. In den Fig. 9b) und 9c) ist der Kreuzungsbereich in anderer Weise gestaltet. In Fig. 9b) besteht die Feinstruktur darin, dass im Kreuzungsbereich nur eine Linie durchgezogen wiedergegeben wird, während die zweite im Kreuzungsbereich unterbrochen ist und in diesem unterbrochenen Bereich nicht gedruckt wird. Die beiden Teile der unterbrochenen Linie sind so weit voneinander beabstandet, dass sie die erste durchgehende Linie nicht berühren. In der Ausführungsvariante gemäß Fig. 9c) sind beide sich kreuzende Linien im Kreuzungsbereich unterbrochen und exakt die Fläche, die von beiden Linien überstrichen würde, wird ausgespart.In Fig. 9 are schematic and in an enlarged view as structural elements different variants of crossing lines are shown. 9a) corresponds to the prior art, in which both lines cover the entire surface are printed. In Fig. 9b) and 9c) the crossing area is different Designed wisely. In Fig. 9b) the fine structure is that in the intersection area only one solid line is played while the second is interrupted in the intersection area and interrupted in this Area is not printed. The two parts of the interrupted Line are spaced so far apart that they are the first continuous Do not touch the line. Both are in the embodiment variant according to FIG. 9c) crossing lines interrupted in the intersection area and exactly the area, that would be covered by both lines is left out.

In den Ausführungsvarianten gemäß den Fig. 9d) und 9e) wird eine der beiden sich kreuzenden Linien nicht vollflächig über ihre gesamte Linienbreite wiedergegeben, sondern lediglich entlang ihrer beiden die Linie begrenzenden Ränder, und ein entlang der geometrischen Mittellinie verlaufender Bereich ausgespart. In der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 9e) besitzt der ausgesparte Mittelbereich keine über die gesamte Länge der Linie konstante Breite, sondern verjüngt sich an den Linienenden zu einer Spitze.In the design variants according to FIGS. 9d) and 9e) one of the two crossing lines do not cover the entire width of the line reproduced, but only along their two bounding the line Edges, and an area running along the geometric center line spared. In the embodiment according to Fig. 9e) the recessed Middle area no constant width over the entire length of the line, but tapers to a point at the line ends.

In Fig. 9f) ist dargestellt, dass eine Linie in einem Teilabschnitt gefiedert ausgeführt wird. Dabei wird dieser Teilabschnitt nicht vollflächig wiedergegeben, sondern in einzelne feinere Teillinien zerlegt, die eine unterschiedliche Geometrie der Enden der Teillinien aufweisen können. Im in Fig. 9f) wiedergegebenen Beispiel besitzen die Enden der Teillinien rechteckige und spitz zulaufende Geometrien. Die Gesamtbreite der Teillinien sowie der zwischen ihnen liegenden, ausgesparten Abstände entspricht der Linienbreite der ursprünglichen, nicht aufgefiederten Linie.In Fig. 9f) it is shown that a line is feathered in a partial section becomes. This section is not reproduced over the entire area, but broken down into individual finer sub-lines, which are different Geometry of the ends of the partial lines can have. In the reproduced in Fig. 9f) For example, the ends of the partial lines are rectangular and pointed tapering geometries. The total width of the sub-lines and the between the gaps between them are the line width of the original, not feathered line.

Die in den Fig. 9b) bis 9f) dargestellten Varianten sind unterschiedliche Arten von Feinstrukturen, die einzeln oder in unterschiedlichen Kombinationen in das Stichtiefdruckbild der erfindungsgemäßen Datenträger integriert werden können. The variants shown in FIGS. 9b) to 9f) are different types of fine structures, individually or in different combinations integrated in the intaglio printing image of the data carrier according to the invention can be.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stichtiefdruckplatten können die vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen von Linien bzw. Linienkreuzungen und Feinstrukturen mit solcher Feinheit und Präzision ausgeführt werden, dass sie mit konventionellen, aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren nicht reproduzierbar sind.By the method according to the invention for the production of intaglio printing plates can the embodiments of lines described above or line crossings and fine structures with such delicacy and precision be carried out with conventional, from the state of the art Techniques known processes are not reproducible.

Claims (36)

  1. A data carrier with a halftone image printed by the intaglio printing method that is represented in the manner of an engraving, i.e. by irregular line structures, and has repetitive printed structural elements, characterized in that the structural elements are superimposed at least partly by fine structures present as blank areas in the structural elements.
  2. A data carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural elements are lines.
  3. A data carrier according to claim 2, characterized in that the fine structures are formed by continuous or interrupted areas extending along the center line of the lines, the edges of the lines being largely retained as a continuous, uninterrupted contour.
  4. A data carrier according to claim 2, characterized in that the fine structure causes line endings to be feathered or a line to be split into a plurality of spaced-apart, substantially parallel partial lines at least in certain sections while retaining its original width.
  5. A data carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural elements are crossing lines.
  6. A data carrier according to claim 5, characterized in that the fine structures are formed by unprinted line areas.
  7. A data carrier according to claim 5, characterized in that the crossing lines are left blank in the crossing area.
  8. A data carrier with a halftone image printed by the intaglio printing method that is represented in the manner of an engraving, i.e. by irregular line structures, and has repetitive, printed structural elements, characterized in that the structural elements are superimposed at least partly by fine structures that resolve the structural elements into positively printed characters or symbols.
  9. A data carrier according to claim 8, characterized in that the structural elements are lines.
  10. A data carrier according to any of claims 1 or 8, characterized in that the fine structures are formed by text, alphanumeric characters, logos, symbols, geometrical figures or combinations thereof.
  11. A data carrier according to at least one of the above claims, characterized in that the fine structures are rendered both in negative representation, i.e. as blank areas in printed surroundings, and in positive representation.
  12. A method for converting a picture motif to an intaglio printing plate having the steps:
    a. providing digital first image data that are present as pixel data and represent a picture motif,
    b. visually displaying the picture motif on the basis of the pixel data,
    c. generating irregular line structures, the contours and halftones of the picture motif being rendered by different line structures in certain areas following specifications by an operator,
    d. storing the digital second image data rendering the line structures in a vector-based data format,
    e. optionally processing the individual lines of the line structures and storing the processed second image data,
    f. controlling a precision engraving apparatus on the basis of the processed second image data so as to produce depressions corresponding to the line structures in the surface of an intaglio printing plate.
  13. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that during processing in step e the lines are superimposed at least partly by a fine structure causing the lines to be resolved into individual characters or symbols rendered in positive representation.
  14. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that during processing in step e the lines or the crossing areas of lines are superimposed at least partly by a fine structure rendered in negative representation in the lines or crossing areas.
  15. A method according to any of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that during control of the engraving machine in step f an associated engraving depth is calculated from a given line width with program control.
  16. A method according to any of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that a certain engraving depth is specified by the operator for a single line or a group of lines.
  17. A method according to any of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that at least one line is rendered not solidly but with a blank, unengraved center line.
  18. A method according to any of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that crossing lines are not engraved in the crossing area.
  19. A method according to any of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that one of two crossing lines is completely engraved and continuous in the crossing area while the other is not engraved and thus interrupted in the crossing area, so that the two crossing lines do not touch.
  20. A method according to any of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that a line is rendered in feathered fashion at least in certain sections.
  21. An intaglio printing plate, characterized in that it was produced by a method according to any of claims 12 to 20.
  22. A method for producing a picture motif with irregular line structures having the steps:
    a. providing digital first image data that are present as pixel data and represent a picture motif,
    b. visually displaying the picture motif on the basis of the pixel data,
    c. generating irregular line structures, the contours and halftones of the picture motif being rendered by different line structures in certain areas following specifications by an operator,
    d. storing the digital second image data rendering the line structures in a vecvector-based data format,
    e. optionally processing the individual lines of the line structures,
    f. at least partly superimposing the line structures with a fine structure so that at least one line or crossing lines enclose contours rendered in negative representation and storing the processed second image data.
  23. A method for producing a picture motif with irregular line structures having the steps:
    a. providing digital first image data that are present as pixel data and represent a picture motif,
    b. visually displaying the picture motif on the basis of the pixel data,
    c. generating irregular line structures, the contours and halftones of the picture motif being rendered by different line structures in certain areas following specifications by an operator,
    d. storing the digital second image data rendering the line structures in a vector-based data format,
    e. optionally processing the individual lines of the line structures,
    f. at least partly superimposing the line structures with a fine structure so that at least one line is resolved into characters or symbols rendered in positive representation and storing the processed second image data.
  24. A method according to any of claims 13, 14, 22 or 23, characterized in that the fine structure forms a text, alphanumeric characters, logos, symbols or geometrical figures.
  25. A method according to any of claims 12, 22 or 23, characterized in that a picture motif is digitized for providing the pixel data in step a, the picture motif being resolved into individual, pixel-like image points and the coordinates and gray or color value being determined and stored for each image point.
  26. A method according to claim 25, characterized in that digitizing is effected with a scanner, a video camera or a digital camera.
  27. A method according to any of the above method claims, characterized in that the pixel data are retouched electronically.
  28. A method according to any of the above method claims, characterized in that the contrasts of the digitized picture motif are changed at least in certain areas upon retouching of the pixel data.
  29. A method according to any of the above method claims, characterized in that the visual display of the picture motif in step b is effected on a monitor.
  30. A method according to any of the above method claims, characterized in that during generation of the line structures in step c the pattern of a line is specified by the operator manually with the aid of an input medium for detecting two-dimensional coordinates.
  31. A method according to claim 30, characterized in that the input medium is a computer mouse, a drawing tablet, a trackball or a joystick.
  32. A method according to any of the above method claims, characterized in that the line structures are visually displayed directly and without delay during their generation and processing in steps c and e.
  33. A method according to any of the above method claims, characterized in that the visual display of the line structures in the background is superimposed by the picture motif rendered by the pixel data.
  34. A method according to any of the above method claims, characterized in that during processing of the lines in step e their line thickness is varied or the geometry of the line endings is changed.
  35. A method according to claim 34, characterized in that lines are given semicircular, rectangular or tapered endings.
  36. A method according to any of the above method claims, characterized in that the lines are stretched, compressed or distorted during processing in step e.
EP01983467A 2000-09-08 2001-09-06 Data carrier comprising a gravure printed image and methods for transposing image motifs into linear structures and onto a gravure printing plate Revoked EP1322472B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE10044403 2000-09-08
DE10044403A DE10044403A1 (en) 2000-09-08 2000-09-08 Data carrier with intaglio printing and method for converting image motifs into line structures as well as in an intaglio printing plate
PCT/EP2001/010286 WO2002020268A1 (en) 2000-09-08 2001-09-06 Data carrier comprising a gravure printed image and methods for transposing image motifs into linear structures and onto a gravure printing plate

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EP1322472B1 true EP1322472B1 (en) 2004-12-01

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US (2) US6964227B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1322472B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2004508225A (en)
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BR (1) BR0113768B1 (en)
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JP3368332B2 (en) * 1995-11-16 2003-01-20 財務省印刷局長 Method for preparing copy-preventive pattern and printed matter thereof
JP3368331B2 (en) * 1995-11-16 2003-01-20 財務省印刷局長 Method for preparing copy-preventive pattern and printed matter thereof
DE19624131A1 (en) * 1996-06-17 1997-12-18 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Process for the production of embossing plates
JP3531717B2 (en) * 1998-04-10 2004-05-31 独立行政法人 国立印刷局 Intaglio latent image and method for producing the latent image
JP3529084B2 (en) * 1998-04-10 2004-05-24 独立行政法人 国立印刷局 Intaglio latent image and method for producing the latent image
JP2000218921A (en) * 1999-02-01 2000-08-08 Printing Bureau Ministry Of Finance Japan Method for forming assembling pattern for expressing continuous gradation and recording medium recording by programming the method
JP3721823B2 (en) * 1999-02-01 2005-11-30 独立行政法人 国立印刷局 Collective pattern for continuous tone expression
JP3829216B2 (en) 1999-03-17 2006-10-04 独立行政法人 国立印刷局 Intaglio line drawing body
JP4457220B2 (en) * 1999-11-02 2010-04-28 独立行政法人 国立印刷局 Printed matter having anti-counterfeit structure and method for determining the same

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US6964227B2 (en) 2005-11-15
PL359669A1 (en) 2004-09-06
HK1059417A1 (en) 2004-07-02
BR0113768A (en) 2003-06-24
MXPA03001763A (en) 2003-09-10
US20050139100A1 (en) 2005-06-30
JP2004508225A (en) 2004-03-18
RU2279982C2 (en) 2006-07-20
AU1496702A (en) 2002-03-22
US20040007145A1 (en) 2004-01-15
BR0113768B1 (en) 2012-10-30
AU2002214967B2 (en) 2006-01-19
CN1226142C (en) 2005-11-09
US7275484B2 (en) 2007-10-02
DE10044403A1 (en) 2002-03-21
DE50104711D1 (en) 2005-01-05
ATE283764T1 (en) 2004-12-15
ES2228964T3 (en) 2005-04-16
WO2002020268A1 (en) 2002-03-14
CA2421089A1 (en) 2003-03-04
CN1452549A (en) 2003-10-29
EP1322472A1 (en) 2003-07-02
ZA200301516B (en) 2004-02-26
PL199806B1 (en) 2008-11-28
CA2421089C (en) 2010-05-18

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