EP1321254B1 - Moulded product and method of producing - Google Patents
Moulded product and method of producing Download PDFInfo
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- EP1321254B1 EP1321254B1 EP01130496A EP01130496A EP1321254B1 EP 1321254 B1 EP1321254 B1 EP 1321254B1 EP 01130496 A EP01130496 A EP 01130496A EP 01130496 A EP01130496 A EP 01130496A EP 1321254 B1 EP1321254 B1 EP 1321254B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pallet
- material mixture
- feet
- shaped body
- panels
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/007—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres and at least partly composed of recycled material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pallet according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing the same.
- the FR-A-2 679 482 describes a generic pallet having elements consisting of wood waste and a thermoplastic resin.
- the invention has for its object to provide a pallet and a method for their production, with which a particularly gentle transport and storage is possible.
- the material mixture comprises a small-particle fiber, crushed rubber material of vehicle tires and a thermoplastic.
- a basic idea of the invention is, among other things, shredded rubber material for the molded body, as is the case with vehicle tires is used to incorporate into the material mixture.
- the molding becomes water-repellent due to the addition of rubber material.
- the usually very high moisture attracting fiber material is bound by the rubber and the thermoplastic in the material matrix, so that little or no moisture can be absorbed by the fibers. In this way, the tendency of swelling of the shaped body is counteracted, so that the shaped body remains dimensionally stable even in a humid environment.
- the moldings can thus be used in damp rooms or in the outdoor area or even in the water.
- the use of the rubber within the material mixture provides a good damping property despite high dimensional stability of the body.
- the damping property of the shaped body can even be set so high that it would be suitable for vibration-damping industrial coverings.
- Such industrial coverings must have a high strength with high damping properties at the same time, for example, to absorb vibration-generating machines with as little vibration as possible.
- crushed rubber material is very inexpensive available. Because the rubber material can be obtained from old vehicle tires. The vehicle tires only have to be shredded, wherein for the production of the moldings readily the proportions of tissue parts from the reinforcing fabric of the vehicle tire can remain in the rubber material mixture. Old vehicle tires can therefore be fed according to the invention of a meaningful further processing. The invention thus serves the waste recycling and protects the raw material resources.
- the shaped body can thus be provided with a defined property.
- thermoplastics used in plastics technology can be used for the molding. Since the rubber material contributes to a certain extent to the bond in the material matrix, thermoplastics with lower binding properties can be used for the inventive molding.
- the molding according to the invention can therefore also be produced with recycled plastic, which is obtained in large quantities in waste management.
- the proportion of the thermoplastic in the material mixture is between 10% and 40%, preferably 25%.
- the fraction of the small-particle fibrous material in the material mixture is between 30% and 85%, preferably 60%.
- the small-particle fibrous material may be, in particular, plant material, for example wood flour, hollow chips, corn husks, straw, bagasse (sugar cane straw), cellulose, cocoa, coconut or palm fibers, etc.
- plant material for example wood flour, hollow chips, corn husks, straw, bagasse (sugar cane straw), cellulose, cocoa, coconut or palm fibers, etc.
- Such vegetable fiber materials are also produced in large quantities in the woodworking industry or in agriculture. As these are renewable raw materials, the molded body creates an overall environmentally friendly product.
- the shaped body is designed as a pallet base.
- a pallet base is preferably an approximately cuboid or cylindrical component which is used on transport pallets, in particular so-called Euro pallets.
- the storage or transport surface is formed with boards or panels.
- Such a pallet typically has four, six or nine pallet feet whose heights are designed so that the pallet can be picked up by means of a forklift truck.
- Previous pallet feet consist primarily of wood or pressboard. These known pallet feet have the problem that they draw water on a wet storage area. This water can be over the feet to the transport area arrive and damage stored goods, in particular cardboard boxes.
- a pallet base produced according to the invention Due to the proportion of rubber material, a pallet base produced according to the invention has a significantly better water resistance, wherein moisture is prevented from passing to the transport surface by the pallet feet. Due to the high damping properties of a pallet base produced according to the invention, a particularly gentle transport and storage with the pallet can also be achieved.
- the pallet base according to the invention can easily be processed with wooden boards into a pallet. Since conventional pallets are nailed or stapled or stapled by means of steel staples, a particularly reliable, stable connection is achieved by the pallet base according to the invention due to the increased nail pull-out force.
- pallet feet according to the invention are washable and disinfectable and, unlike wood, resistant to fungi, bacteria and pests. Such properties are particularly important for the international movement of goods of great importance. For example, in the US and in the EU, only disinfectable carriers may be imported from certain countries in order to prevent the unwanted entry of germs or pests.
- the shaped body is designed as a panel.
- a panel can be made by extrusion and desired cutting to length.
- the panel can be used as a board for a variety of tasks, resulting in the advantages described above.
- An embodiment of the invention lies in a pallet, which is made of the previously described pallet feet and the previously described panels.
- the pallet is thus made of components according to the molding.
- the advantages described above with respect to water resistance, strength, damping properties, processability as well as cleaning and disinfecting possibilities result.
- the pallet can easily be recycled by shredding it and re-forming the shredded material into moldings.
- the heating and Informpressen can be carried out by means of an extruder, so that a very inexpensive recycling is ensured by simple shredding and extrusion.
- the pallet can basically be nailed or stapled from the pallet feet according to the invention and the panels according to the invention in a conventional manner.
- the pallet according to the invention even achieves a very strong bond between the individual components because the shaped bodies have a very high nail extraction force.
- it is particularly preferred to produce a pallet according to the invention in which the pallet feet and the panels are glued together exclusively.
- the moldings can be reliably produced with defined surfaces, which are suitable and also necessary for an adhesive bond.
- the bonding of the individual components can be automated very well and is therefore particularly economical for the bulk material of a pallet.
- a pallet which consists exclusively of the moldings and also has no metallic fasteners, particularly good recyclability. This can simply be shredded and the shredded material largely without any treatment to another thermal forming process are fed, in which moldings are made for new pallets.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing a shaped body, which is characterized in that a shaped body is pressed or extruded from a material mixture according to the above statements.
- the shaping by pressing can be carried out by a lifting press, which presses a predetermined amount of material by means of a plunger into a desired shape.
- This method is particularly suitable for simple components, such as pallet feet.
- the material mixture according to the invention is forced through a corresponding die plate at the exit of an extruder, wherein the extrusion strand is cut to length at certain times.
- the temperature of the material mixture is adjusted to a value which is above the melting temperature of the thermoplastic.
- the temperature is chosen so that thermal damage to the rubber material is avoided and a good mouldable mixture is formed. Due to the material properties of the rubber, the molded body remains very grippy with its surfaces.
- a particularly high slip resistance is achieved in that at least one surface of the shaped body is roughened after pressing or extrusion.
- This can be done by molding a surface structure by means of a roller or brush in the not yet completely solidified molding or by a material-removing surface treatment, such as grinding.
- the pallet 10 according to the invention has in its lower region three mutually parallel arranged foot panels 12, on each of which three pallet feet 14 are attached. On each of the three interconnected, rectangular pallet feet 14, a so-called Eisenpaneel 16 is mounted in each case.
- the intermediate panel 16 corresponds in its length and width to the foot panel 12 described above.
- the pallet feet 14 are designed as a shaped body according to the invention which has a defined proportion of a rubber mixture of vehicle tires.
- the pallet feet 14 are water resistant, dimensionally stable and have a high damping property.
- the life of the pallet 10 and its moisture resistance can be significantly improved.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Palette gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben.The invention relates to a pallet according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing the same.
Die
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Palette und ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung anzugeben, mit welcher ein besonders schonender Transport und Lagerung ermöglicht wird.The invention has for its object to provide a pallet and a method for their production, with which a particularly gentle transport and storage is possible.
Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Palette mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie mit einem Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Palette mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 8 gelöst. Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den darauf rückbezogenen Ansprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved by a pallet with the features of claim 1 and a method for producing a pallet with the features of claim 8. Embodiments of the invention are indicated in the claims appended hereto.
Es ist erfindungsgemäß, dass die Materialmischung einen kleinteiligen Faserstoff, zerkleinertes Gummimaterial von Fahrzeugreifen und einen Thermoplasten umfasst.It is according to the invention that the material mixture comprises a small-particle fiber, crushed rubber material of vehicle tires and a thermoplastic.
Ein Grundgedanke der Erfindung liegt darin, für den Formkörper u.a. geschreddertes Gummimaterial, wie es bei Fahrzeugreifen eingesetzt wird, mit in die Materialmischung einzuarbeiten. Dies bringt mehrfache Vorteile mit sich. Zum einen wird der Formkörper durch die Beimengung von Gummimaterial wasserabweisend. Das normalerweise sehr stark Feuchtigkeit anziehende Fasermaterial wird durch den Gummi und den Thermoplasten in der Materialmatrix eingebunden, so dass keine oder kaum noch Feuchtigkeit durch die Fasern aufgenommen werden kann. Auf diese Weise wird der Neigung eines Quellens des Formkörpers entgegengewirkt, so dass der Formkörper auch in feuchter Umgebung formstabil bleibt.A basic idea of the invention is, among other things, shredded rubber material for the molded body, as is the case with vehicle tires is used to incorporate into the material mixture. This brings several advantages. On the one hand, the molding becomes water-repellent due to the addition of rubber material. The usually very high moisture attracting fiber material is bound by the rubber and the thermoplastic in the material matrix, so that little or no moisture can be absorbed by the fibers. In this way, the tendency of swelling of the shaped body is counteracted, so that the shaped body remains dimensionally stable even in a humid environment.
Die Formkörper können somit in feuchten Räumen oder auch im Außenbereich an oder sogar im Wasser eingesetzt werden.The moldings can thus be used in damp rooms or in the outdoor area or even in the water.
Durch die Verwendung von Gummi in der Materialmischung wird an dem daraus hergestellten Formkörper eine besonders griffige Oberfläche erzeugt.The use of rubber in the material mixture produces a particularly non-slip surface on the molded body produced therefrom.
Darüber hinaus sorgt die Verwendung des Gummis innerhalb der Materialmischung trotz hoher Formstabilität des Körpers für eine gute Dämpfungseigenschaft. Die Dämpfungseigenschaft des Formkörpers kann sogar so hoch eingestellt weren, dass dieser für schwingungsdämpfende Industriebeläge geeignet wäre. Derartige Industriebeläge müssen eine hohe Festigkeit bei gleichzeitiger hoher Dämpfungseigenschaft aufweisen, um beispielsweise schwingungserzeugende Maschinen möglichst vibrationsarm aufzunehmen.In addition, the use of the rubber within the material mixture provides a good damping property despite high dimensional stability of the body. The damping property of the shaped body can even be set so high that it would be suitable for vibration-damping industrial coverings. Such industrial coverings must have a high strength with high damping properties at the same time, for example, to absorb vibration-generating machines with as little vibration as possible.
Bei Formkörpern, inbesondere Brettern oder Leisten, nach dem Stand der Technik, bei welchen das kleinteilige Fasermaterial vollständig in einem Thermoplasten eingebunden ist, wird eine sehr große Härte, etwa wie bei Hartholz, erreicht. Diese bekannten Formkörper können daher in der Regel nur maschinell bearbeitet werden. Ein herkömmliches Einschlagen von Nägeln in derartige Formkörper ist daher nicht möglich. Demgegenüber wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper durch die Verwendung von Gummi die Festigkeit derart definiert eingestellt, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper wie normales Holz auch mittels handbetätigter Werkzeuge bearbeitet werden können. Insbesondere können in die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper Nägel eingeschlagen werden.In the case of shaped articles, in particular boards or strips, according to the prior art, in which the small-sized fiber material is completely incorporated in a thermoplastic, a very high hardness is achieved, as in the case of hardwood. These known moldings can therefore usually be machined only. Conventional hammering of nails into such moldings is therefore not possible. In contrast, the strength is set defined in the molding of the invention by the use of rubber so that the moldings of the invention as normal wood can also be edited by means of manually operated tools. In particular, nails can be hammered into the moldings of the invention.
Dabei hat sich als ein zusätzlicher Vorteil ergeben, dass ein eingeschlagener Nagel in einem Formkörper besonders gut hält. Das heißt, die sogenannte Nagelauszugskraft ist deutlich höher als bei einem Nagel in einem üblichen Holzstück. Ein Grund hierfür ist darin zu sehen, dass die erfindungemäße Materialmischung mit dem Gummi an der Oberfläche eines eingeschlagenen Nagels eine wesentlich höhere Haftkraft bzw. Haftreibung erzeugt als Holz.
Beim Zusammenbau eines Werkstückes mit erfindungsgemäßen Formkörpern kann daher gegenüber Holzteilen die Anzahl von zu verwendenden Nägeln und der damit verbundene Aufwand vermindert werden. Darüber hinaus können mit erfindungsgemäßen Formkörpern durch Nageln stabile Verbindungen hergestellt werden, welche bei Holzteilen nur durch aufwendigere Schraubverbindungen erreicht werden könnten.It has been found as an additional advantage that a hammered nail holds particularly well in a molding. That is, the so-called nail extracting force is significantly higher than a nail in a conventional piece of wood. One reason for this is to be seen in the fact that the material mixture according to the invention with the rubber on the surface of a hammered nail produces a considerably higher adhesive force or static friction than wood.
When assembling a workpiece with moldings according to the invention, the number of nails to be used and the associated expense can therefore be reduced compared to wooden parts. In addition, with moldings according to the invention by nailing stable compounds can be produced, which could be achieved in wood parts only by consuming screwed connections.
Schließlich besteht noch ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung darin, dass zerkleinertes Gummimaterial sehr preisgünstig zur Verfügung steht. Denn das Gummimaterial kann aus alten Fahrzeugreifen gewonnen werden. Die Fahrzeugreifen müssen lediglich geschreddert werden, wobei zur Herstellung der Formkörper ohne weiteres die Anteile von Gewebeteilen aus dem Verstärkungsgewebe des Fahrzeugreifens in der Gummimaterialmischung verbleiben können. Alte Fahrzeugreifen können daher nach der Erfindung einer sinnvollen Weiterverarbeitung zugeführt werden. Die Erfindung dient damit dem Abfallrecycling und schont die Rohstoffresourcen.Finally, there is a further advantage of the invention is that crushed rubber material is very inexpensive available. Because the rubber material can be obtained from old vehicle tires. The vehicle tires only have to be shredded, wherein for the production of the moldings readily the proportions of tissue parts from the reinforcing fabric of the vehicle tire can remain in the rubber material mixture. Old vehicle tires can therefore be fed according to the invention of a meaningful further processing. The invention thus serves the waste recycling and protects the raw material resources.
Besonders gute Eigenschaften des Formkörpers werden dadurch erreicht, dass der Anteil des zerkleinerten Gummimaterials an der Materialmischung zwischen 5 % und 30 %, vorzugsweise 15 %, beträgt. Je höher der Gummianteil in der Materialmischung, desto höher die Dämpfungseigenschaften und umso besser die Verarbeitbarkeit des Formkörpers. Je nach Anwendungsfall kann so der Formkörper mit einer definierten Eigenschaft versehen werden.Particularly good properties of the molding are achieved in that the proportion of the crushed rubber material in the material mixture between 5% and 30%, preferably 15%. The higher the rubber content in the material mixture, the higher the damping properties and the better the processability of the molding. Depending on the application, the shaped body can thus be provided with a defined property.
Für den Formkörper können grundsätzlich alle bekannten und in der Kunststofftechnik eingesetzten Thermoplasten verwendet werden. Da das Gummimaterial in einem gewissen Umfang zur Bindung in der Materialmatrix beiträgt, können für den erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper auch Thermoplasten mit geringeren Bindungseigenschaften verwendet werden. Der erfindungsgemäße Formkörper kann daher auch mit recycletem Kunststoff hergestellt werden, welcher in der Abfallwirtschaft in großen Mengen anfällt. Abhängig von der gewünschten Festigkeit des Formkörpers ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass der Anteil des Thermoplasten an der Materialmischung zwischen 10 % und 40 %, vorzugsweise 25 %, beträgt.In principle, all known thermoplastics used in plastics technology can be used for the molding. Since the rubber material contributes to a certain extent to the bond in the material matrix, thermoplastics with lower binding properties can be used for the inventive molding. The molding according to the invention can therefore also be produced with recycled plastic, which is obtained in large quantities in waste management. Depending on the desired strength of the molded article, it is provided according to the invention that the proportion of the thermoplastic in the material mixture is between 10% and 40%, preferably 25%.
Besonders vorteilhaft nach der Erfindung ist es weiterhin, dass der Anteil des kleinteiligen Faserstoffs an der Materialmischung zwischen 30 % bis 85 %, vorzugsweise 60 %, beträgt. Der kleinteilige Faserstoff kann insbesondere Pflanzenmaterial sein, beispielsweise Holzmehl, Hohlspäne, Getreidespelze, Stroh, Bagasse (Zuckerrohrstroh), Zellulose, Kakao-, Kokos- oder Palmfasern etc. Derartige Pflanzenfaserstoffe fallen ebenfalls in großen Mengen in der holzverarbeitenden Industrie oder in der Landwirtschaft an. Da es sich hierbei um nachwachsende Rohstoffe handelt, wird mit dem Formkörper ein insgesamt besonders umweltfreundliches Produkt geschaffen.It is furthermore particularly advantageous according to the invention that the fraction of the small-particle fibrous material in the material mixture is between 30% and 85%, preferably 60%. The small-particle fibrous material may be, in particular, plant material, for example wood flour, hollow chips, corn husks, straw, bagasse (sugar cane straw), cellulose, cocoa, coconut or palm fibers, etc. Such vegetable fiber materials are also produced in large quantities in the woodworking industry or in agriculture. As these are renewable raw materials, the molded body creates an overall environmentally friendly product.
Selbstverständlich können zur Herstellung des Formkörpers neben den oben genannten Bestandteilen in der Materialmischung in gewissem Umfang noch weitere Bestandteile, beispielsweise Farbpigmente, Gleit- oder Plastifizierungsmittel etc. enthalten sein.Of course, in addition to the abovementioned constituents in the material mixture, further constituents, for example color pigments, lubricants or plasticizers, etc., may be present to some extent for the production of the shaped body.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist der Formkörper als Palettenfuß ausgeführt . Ein Palettenfuß ist vorzugsweise ein etwa quaderförmiges oder zylindrisches Bauteil, welches an Transportpaletten, insbesondere sogenannten Euro-Paletten, verwendet wird. Auf den Palettenfüßen ist mit Brettern oder Paneelen die Ablage- oder Transportfläche ausgebildet. Ein derartige Palette weist in der Regel vier, sechs oder neun Palettenfüße auf, deren Höhen so ausgebildet ist, dass die Palette mittels eines Gabelstaplers aufgenommen werden kann.According to the invention, the shaped body is designed as a pallet base. A pallet base is preferably an approximately cuboid or cylindrical component which is used on transport pallets, in particular so-called Euro pallets. On the pallet feet, the storage or transport surface is formed with boards or panels. Such a pallet typically has four, six or nine pallet feet whose heights are designed so that the pallet can be picked up by means of a forklift truck.
Bisherige Palettenfüße bestehen vornehmlich aus Holz oder Pressspan. Diese bekannten Palettenfüße haben das Problem, dass diese auf einer nassen Abstellfläche Wasser ziehen. Dieses Wasser kann über die Füße bis zur Transportfläche gelangen und darauf abgestelltes Lagergut, insbesondere Kartons, beschädigen.Previous pallet feet consist primarily of wood or pressboard. These known pallet feet have the problem that they draw water on a wet storage area. This water can be over the feet to the transport area arrive and damage stored goods, in particular cardboard boxes.
Ein erfindungsgemäß hergestellter Palettenfuß weist aufgrund des Anteiles von Gummimaterial eine deutlich bessere Wasserresistenz auf, wobei ein Weiterleiten von Feuchtigkeit an die Transportfläche durch die Palettenfüße verhindert wird. Aufgrund der hohen Dämpfungseigenschaften eines erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Palettenfußes wird auch ein besonders schonender Transport und Lagerung mit der Palette erreichbar.Due to the proportion of rubber material, a pallet base produced according to the invention has a significantly better water resistance, wherein moisture is prevented from passing to the transport surface by the pallet feet. Due to the high damping properties of a pallet base produced according to the invention, a particularly gentle transport and storage with the pallet can also be achieved.
Der erfindungsgemäße Palettenfuß kann problemlos mit Holzbrettern zu einer Palette verarbeitet werden. Da herkömmliche Paletten genagelt bzw. mittels Stahlklammern geheftet oder getackert werden, wird durch den erfindungsgemäßen Palettenfuß aufgrund der erhöhten Nagel-Auszugskraft eine besonders zuverlässige, stabile Verbindung erreicht. Darüber hinaus sind erfindungsgemäße Palettenfüße abwasch- sowie desinfizierbar und im Gegensatz zu Holz pilz-, bakterienund schädlingsresistent. Derartige Eigenschaften sind insbesondere für den internationalen Warenverkehr von großer Bedeutung. Beispielsweise in den USA und in die EU dürfen aus bestimmten Ländern nur desinfizierbare Transportträger eingeführt werden, um einem unerwünschten Eindringen von Keimen oder Schädlingen vorzubeugen.The pallet base according to the invention can easily be processed with wooden boards into a pallet. Since conventional pallets are nailed or stapled or stapled by means of steel staples, a particularly reliable, stable connection is achieved by the pallet base according to the invention due to the increased nail pull-out force. In addition, pallet feet according to the invention are washable and disinfectable and, unlike wood, resistant to fungi, bacteria and pests. Such properties are particularly important for the international movement of goods of great importance. For example, in the US and in the EU, only disinfectable carriers may be imported from certain countries in order to prevent the unwanted entry of germs or pests.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung besteht darin, dass der Formkörper als Paneel ausgeführt ist. Ein derartiges Paneel kann durch Extrusion und gewünschtes Ablängen hergestellt werden. Das Paneel kann als Brett für verschiedenste Aufgaben eingesetzt werden, wobei sich die zuvor beschriebenen Vorteile ergeben.Another aspect of the invention is that the shaped body is designed as a panel. Such a panel can be made by extrusion and desired cutting to length. The panel can be used as a board for a variety of tasks, resulting in the advantages described above.
Eine Ausführung der Erfindung liegt in einer Palette, welche aus den zuvor beschriebenen Palettenfüßen sowie den zuvor beschriebenen Paneelen gefertigt ist. Die Palette ist damit aus Bestandteilen gemäß dem Formkörper hergestellt. Es ergeben sich somit für eine Palette die zuvor beschriebenen Vorteile hinsichtlich Wasserbeständigkeit, Festigkeit, Dämpfungseigenschaften, Verarbeitbarkeit sowie Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsmöglichkeit. Darüber hinaus kann die Palette problemlos recycolt werden, indem diese geschreddert und das geschredderte Material durch Aufheizen erneut zu Formkörpern verarbeitet wird. Das Aufheizen und Informpressen kann dabei mittels eines Extruders durchgeführt werden, so dass durch einfaches Schreddern und Extrudieren ein sehr kostengünstiges Recycling gewährleistet ist.An embodiment of the invention lies in a pallet, which is made of the previously described pallet feet and the previously described panels. The pallet is thus made of components according to the molding. Thus, for a pallet, the advantages described above with respect to water resistance, strength, damping properties, processability as well as cleaning and disinfecting possibilities result. In addition, the pallet can easily be recycled by shredding it and re-forming the shredded material into moldings. The heating and Informpressen can be carried out by means of an extruder, so that a very inexpensive recycling is ensured by simple shredding and extrusion.
Dies stellt einen erheblichen wirtschaftlichen und ökologischen Vorteil dar, weil Paletten in sehr großen Mengen benötigt werden. Allein in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland werden jedes Jahr ca. 30 Millionen neue Euro-Paletten hergestellt. Die Lebensdauer einer herkömmlichen Euro-Palette beträgt etwa vier bis sieben Umläufe. Danach ist die herkömmliche Euro-Palette zu stark beschädigt und muss als Abfall entsorgt werden. Aufgrund der besseren Festigkeitseigenschaften ist eine erhebliche Verlängerung der Lebensdauer einer Palette möglich.This represents a significant economic and environmental advantage because pallets are needed in very large quantities. In the Federal Republic of Germany alone, around 30 million new Euro pallets are produced each year. The life of a conventional Euro pallet is about four to seven rounds. After that, the conventional Euro pallet is too heavily damaged and must be disposed of as waste. Due to the better strength properties, a significant extension of the life of a pallet is possible.
Weiterhin ist mit der erfindungsgemäßen Palette gegenüber den bisherigen Holzpaletten ein geschlossener Recyclingkreislauf möglich. Bei den zuvor genannten Mengen schont dies in ganz erheblichem Maße die Resourcen und vermindert drastisch den entstehenden Abfall.Furthermore, with the pallet according to the invention over the previous wooden pallets a closed recycling cycle is possible. With the aforementioned amounts, this saves a considerable amount of resources and drastically reduces the resulting waste.
Die Palette kann grundsätzlich aus den erfindungsgemäßen Palettenfüßen und den erfindungsgemäßen Paneelen in herkömmlicher Weise genagelt oder getackert werden. Wie bereits zuvor beschrieben, wird bei der erfindungsgemäßen Palette sogar eine sehr feste Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Bestandteilen erreicht, weil die Formkörper eine sehr hohe Nagel-Auszugskraft aufweisen. Besonders bevorzugt ist es jedoch, eine erfindungsgemäße Palette zu fertigen, bei der die Palettenfüße und die Paneele ausschließlich miteinander verklebt sind. Im Gegensatz zu Holzbauteilen lassen sich die Formkörper zuverlässig mit definierten Oberflächen herstellen, welche für eine Klebeverbindung geeignet und auch notwendig sind. Das Verkleben der einzelnen Bauteile lässt sich sehr gut automatisieren und ist damit für das Massengut einer Palette besonders wirtschaftlich.The pallet can basically be nailed or stapled from the pallet feet according to the invention and the panels according to the invention in a conventional manner. As already described above, the pallet according to the invention even achieves a very strong bond between the individual components because the shaped bodies have a very high nail extraction force. However, it is particularly preferred to produce a pallet according to the invention, in which the pallet feet and the panels are glued together exclusively. In contrast to wood components, the moldings can be reliably produced with defined surfaces, which are suitable and also necessary for an adhesive bond. The bonding of the individual components can be automated very well and is therefore particularly economical for the bulk material of a pallet.
Darüber hinaus ist eine Palette, welche ausschließlich aus den Formkörpern besteht und auch keine metallischen Verbindungselemente aufweist, besonders gut recycelbar. Diese kann einfach geschreddert und das geschredderte Material weitgehend ohne jede Aufbereitung einem weiteren thermischen Formgebungsprozess zugeführt werden, in welchem Formteile für neue Paletten gefertigt werden.In addition, a pallet, which consists exclusively of the moldings and also has no metallic fasteners, particularly good recyclability. This can simply be shredded and the shredded material largely without any treatment to another thermal forming process are fed, in which moldings are made for new pallets.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiter ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass ein Formkörper aus einer Materialmischung gemäß den vorstehenden Ausführungen gepresst oder extrudiert wird. Die Formgebung durch Pressen kann durch eine Hubpresse durchgeführt werden, welche eine vorgegebene Materialmenge mittels eines Presskolbens in eine gewünschte Form presst. Dieses Verfahren ist insbesondere für einfache Bauteile, beispielsweise für Palettenfüße, geeignet.The invention further relates to a method for producing a shaped body, which is characterized in that a shaped body is pressed or extruded from a material mixture according to the above statements. The shaping by pressing can be carried out by a lifting press, which presses a predetermined amount of material by means of a plunger into a desired shape. This method is particularly suitable for simple components, such as pallet feet.
Für die Herstellung von Paneelen, Rohren, Leisten oder anderen Strangmaterialien ist die Herstellung durch Extrudieren am wirtschaftlichsten. Bei dem kontinuierlichen Extrusionsverfahren wird die erfindungsmäße Materialmischung durch eine entsprechende Formplatte am Ausgang eines Extruders gedrückt, wobei der Extrusionsstrang zu bestimmten Zeitpunkten abgelängt wird.For the production of panels, pipes, strips or other strand materials, production by extrusion is most economical. In the continuous extrusion process, the material mixture according to the invention is forced through a corresponding die plate at the exit of an extruder, wherein the extrusion strand is cut to length at certain times.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Temperatur der Materialmischung auf einen Wert eingestellt, welcher oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur des Thermoplasten liegt. Die Temperatur ist so gewählt, das eine thermische Schädigung des Gummimateriales vermieden und eine gut formbare Mischung gebildet wird. Aufgrund der Materialeigenschaft des Gummis bleibt der Formkörper mit seinen Oberflächen sehr griffig.In the method according to the invention, the temperature of the material mixture is adjusted to a value which is above the melting temperature of the thermoplastic. The temperature is chosen so that thermal damage to the rubber material is avoided and a good mouldable mixture is formed. Due to the material properties of the rubber, the molded body remains very grippy with its surfaces.
Nach der Erfindung wird eine besonders hohe Rutschfestigkeit dadurch erreicht, dass zumindest eine Oberfläche des Formkörpers nach dem Pressen oder Extrudieren aufgeraut wird. Dies kann durch Einformen einer Oberflächenstruktur mittels einer Walze oder Bürste in den noch nicht vollständig erhärteten Formkörper oder durch eine Material abtragende Oberflächenbearbeitung, beispielsweise Schleifen, erfolgen.According to the invention, a particularly high slip resistance is achieved in that at least one surface of the shaped body is roughened after pressing or extrusion. This can be done by molding a surface structure by means of a roller or brush in the not yet completely solidified molding or by a material-removing surface treatment, such as grinding.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einer einzigen Zeichnung weiter erläutert, welche schematisch eine perspektivische Ansicht einer gemäß der Erfindung hergestellten Palette zeigt.The invention will be further explained with reference to a single drawing, which schematically shows a perspective view of a pallet produced according to the invention.
Die erfindungsgemäße Palette 10 weist in ihrem unteren Bereich drei parallel zueinander versetzt angeordnete Fußpaneele 12 auf, auf welchen jeweils drei Palettenfüße 14 befestigt sind. Auf den jeweils drei miteinander verbundenen, quaderförmigen Palettenfüßen 14 ist jeweils ein sogenanntes Zwischenpaneel 16 angebracht. Das Zwischenpaneel 16 entspricht in seiner Länge und Breite dem zuvor beschriebenen Fußpaneel 12.The pallet 10 according to the invention has in its lower region three mutually parallel arranged
Auf den Zwischenpaneelen 16 sind in Querrichtung dazu Deckpaneele 18 befestigt, welche die Transport- oder Ablagefläche der Palette 10 bilden. Durch die beschriebene Anordnung werden zwischen den einzelnen Palettenfüßen 14 und den daran angebrachten Fußpaneelen 12 und Zwischenpaneelen 16 zwei Aufnahmeräume geschaffen, in welche die Gabeln eines sogenannten Gabelstaplers zum Anheben und Transportieren der Palette 10 eingreifen können.On the
Bei der Palette 10 sind zumindest die Palettenfüße 14 als ein erfindungsgemäßer Formkörper ausgebildet, welcher einen definierten Anteil einer Gummimischung aus Fahrzeugreifen aufweist. Hierdurch sind die Palettenfüße 14 wasserresistent, formstabil und haben eine hohe Dämpfungseigenschaft. Bereits bei Verwendung lediglich von erfindungsgemäßen Palettenfüßen 14 in Kombination mit herkömmlichen Holzpaneelen kann die Lebensdauer der Palette 10 sowie deren Feuchtigkeitsbeständigkeit erheblich verbessert werden.In the case of the pallet 10, at least the
Bevorzugt ist es nach der Erfindung, dass nicht nur die Palettenfüße 14, sondern alle Paneele 12, 16, 18 als erfindungsgemäßer Formkörper aus derselben Materialmischung gefertigt sind.It is preferred according to the invention that not only the
Dies erhöht weiter die Lebensdauer und den Nutzzweck der Palette 10 und ermöglicht einen einfachen, wirtschaftlich geschlossenen Recyclingkreislauf, insbesondere wenn die einzelnen Bauteile der Palette 10 nicht mit Nägeln oder Klammern verbunden, sondern erfindungsgemäß verklebt sind.This further increases the life and the utility of the pallet 10 and allows a simple, economically closed recycling cycle, especially if the individual components of the pallet 10 are not connected with nails or staples, but are glued according to the invention.
Claims (9)
- Pallet having pallet feet (14), which are designed as a shaped body from a material mixture comprising a small-sized fibre material and a thermoplastic,
characterized in that
in order to increase the damping properties the material mixture contains a proportion of comminuted rubber material of vehicle tyres. - Pallet according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the proportion of the comminuted rubber material in the material mixture ranges between 5% and 30%, preferably 15%. - Pallet according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the proportion of the thermoplastic in the material mixture ranges between 10% and 40%, preferably 25%. - Pallet according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that
the proportion of the small-sized fibre material in the material mixture ranges between 30% and 85%, preferably 60%. - Pallet according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that
the pallet has panels (12, 16, 18), which are made as shaped bodies from the material mixture of the pallet feet (14). - Pallet according to claim 5,
characterized in that
the pallet feet (14) and all panels (12, 16, 18) are made as a shaped body from the same material mixture. - Pallet according to claim 5,
characterized in that
the pallet feet (14) and the panels (12, 16, 18) are exclusively adhesion-bonded to one another. - Method for producing a pallet having pallet feet (14) according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that
at least one pallet foot (14) is pressed or extruded as a shaped body from a material mixture comprising a small-sized fibre material, a thermoplastic and, in order to increase the damping properties, comminuted rubber material of vehicle tyres. - Method according to claim 8,
characterized in that
at least one surface of the shaped body is roughened after pressing or extrusion.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE50115091T DE50115091D1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | Shaped body and method for producing the same |
| EP01130496A EP1321254B1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | Moulded product and method of producing |
| ES01130496T ES2332502T3 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | MOLDED BODY AND MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE OF THE SAME. |
| AT01130496T ATE441508T1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | MOLDED BODY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01130496A EP1321254B1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | Moulded product and method of producing |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1321254A1 EP1321254A1 (en) | 2003-06-25 |
| EP1321254B1 true EP1321254B1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
Family
ID=8179628
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01130496A Expired - Lifetime EP1321254B1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | Moulded product and method of producing |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1321254B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE441508T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50115091D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2332502T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SG149671A1 (en) * | 2004-06-11 | 2009-02-27 | Gpac Technology S Pte Ltd | Pallet and method for manufacturing the same |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2185958A5 (en) * | 1972-05-25 | 1974-01-04 | Hutni Projekt P Aha Proj | Chipboard - with urea - formaldehyde binder |
| DE3127847A1 (en) * | 1981-07-15 | 1983-02-03 | Casimir Kast Gmbh & Co Kg, 7562 Gernsbach | Process for producing a mat of cellulose-containing fibres which can be pressed to form flexible mouldings |
| IT1235772B (en) * | 1989-06-09 | 1992-09-28 | Master Srl | PROCEDURE FOR THE REUSE OF SOLID WASTE MATERIALS, USING THERMOPLASTIC RESIN |
| ATE148148T1 (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1997-02-15 | Tower Technologies Proprietary | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CLASP PLATE |
| FR2679482B1 (en) * | 1991-07-26 | 1997-06-13 | Richard Faye | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS BASED ON WOOD WASTE. |
| CA2050132A1 (en) * | 1991-08-21 | 1993-02-22 | Mark Bomberg | Building insulation products |
| GB2260507B (en) * | 1991-10-02 | 1995-01-11 | Nelson Bruce Ker | Sanding/grinding arrangement |
-
2001
- 2001-12-20 AT AT01130496T patent/ATE441508T1/en active
- 2001-12-20 EP EP01130496A patent/EP1321254B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-20 DE DE50115091T patent/DE50115091D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-20 ES ES01130496T patent/ES2332502T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2332502T3 (en) | 2010-02-08 |
| EP1321254A1 (en) | 2003-06-25 |
| DE50115091D1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
| ATE441508T1 (en) | 2009-09-15 |
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