EP1319705B1 - Bleach activator cogranulates - Google Patents

Bleach activator cogranulates Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1319705B1
EP1319705B1 EP02027051A EP02027051A EP1319705B1 EP 1319705 B1 EP1319705 B1 EP 1319705B1 EP 02027051 A EP02027051 A EP 02027051A EP 02027051 A EP02027051 A EP 02027051A EP 1319705 B1 EP1319705 B1 EP 1319705B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
alkyl
prepared
acid
granulates
granules
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EP02027051A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1319705A1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Dr. Cramer
Johannes Dr. Himmrich
Helmut Dr. Kramer
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Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH
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Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3902Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
    • C11D3/3905Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
    • C11D3/3935Bleach activators or bleach catalysts granulated, coated or protected
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3902Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
    • C11D3/3905Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
    • C11D3/3907Organic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3902Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
    • C11D3/3905Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
    • C11D3/3907Organic compounds
    • C11D3/3917Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C11D3/3925Nitriles; Isocyanates or quarternary ammonium nitriles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of bleach activator co-granules of one or more ammonium nitriles and at least one further bleach activator, which react in a wide temperature range of 10 ° C to 70 ° C with a bleaching agent and induce a bleaching action. Furthermore, the granules produced according to the invention are distinguished by improved storage stability and by high active ingredient contents.
  • Bleach activators are important ingredients in compact detergents, patch salts and machine dishwashing detergents.
  • Conventional bleach activators at 40 ° C to 60 ° C, provide a bleaching result comparable to that of cooking by reacting with hydrogen peroxide donors (usually perborates, percarbonates, persilicates and perphosphates) to release an organic peroxycarboxylic acid.
  • the achievable bleaching result is determined by the nature and reactivity of the peroxycarboxylic acid formed, the structure of the bond to be perhydrolyzed, and the water solubility of the bleach activator.
  • Many substances are known in the art as bleach activators. These are usually reactive organic compounds having an O-acyl or N-acyl group already in the washing powder mixture, favored by the residual moisture present, with the bleaching agent such as e.g. Sodium perborate can react when both components are unprotected.
  • bleach activators include N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), nonanoyl-caprolactam phenylsulfonate ester (APES), glucose pentaacetate (GPA), xylose tetraacetate (TAX), acyloxybenzenesulfonates (eg nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS), sodium 4-benzoyloxybenzenesulfonate ( SBOBS), sodium trimethylhexanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (STHOBS), diacetyldioxohexahydrotriazine (DADHT), tetraacetylglucoluril (TAGU), Tetraacetylcyanoic acid (TACA), di-N-acetyldimethylglyoxine (ADMG) and 1-phenyl-3-acetylhydantoin (PAH) and n
  • nitrile quats Ammonium nitriles
  • nitrile quats Compounds of this type and their use as bleach activators in bleaching agents are known in EP-A-0 303 520 .
  • the invention relates to co-granules of one or more ammonium nitriles and at least one further bleach activator, wherein these co-granules are obtained by spraying on the / the further bleach activator (s) an aqueous solution of one or more Ammoniumnitrile (s), the granulated mixture obtained and the moist granules are dried and sieves.
  • Suitable ammonium nitriles are, in particular, compounds of the formula (1) in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are identical or different and for linear or branched C 1 -C 24 -alkyl groups, C 2 -C 24 -alkenyl groups or for C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 - Alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, or in which R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a ring having 4 to 6 C atoms which is substituted by C 1 -C 5 -alkyl, C 1 - C 5 alkoxy, C 1 - to C 5 alkanoyl, phenyl, Amino, ammonium, cyano, cyanamino, chloro or bromo and in addition to the nitrogen atom may contain one or two oxygen or nitrogen atoms, a group NR 6 or a group R 3 -NR 6 instead of carbon atoms,
  • ammonium nitrites are compounds of the formula 2 wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 represent a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group of 2 to 24 carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, and A represents any charge-balancing ion, for example, chloride, bromide , iodide, fluoride, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, mono- and di-hydrogen phosphate, pyrophosphate, metaphosphate, nitrate, methylsulfate, phosphonate, methylphosphonate, methanedisulfonate, methylsulfonate, ethanesulfonate or for an anion of the formulas R 7 SO 3 ⁇ , R 7 SO 4 ⁇ or R 7 COO ⁇ , wherein R 7 has the meanings given above. Particular
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each a methyl group.
  • the charge-balancing anion may be arbitrary, preferably chloride or methosulfate or a mixture various anions, for example chloride or methosulfate and cumene sulfonate and / or lauryl sulfate and / or Fettklarealkylcarboxylate.
  • Ammonium nitriles according to formula 1 and 2 are characterized by a particularly good bleaching ability in the presence of a bleaching agent at low temperatures in the range of 10 ° C to 50 ° C.
  • ammonium nitriles as a bleach activator in detergents and cleaners but their hygroscopicity and sensitivity to hydrolysis in the presence of alkaline detergent ingredients and a correspondingly low storage stability associated with a great disadvantage.
  • an improvement in the storage stability of ammonium nitriles can be achieved by preparing ammonium nitriles with alkane or paraffin sulfonate, aryl sulfonate, primary alcohol sulfate or fatty acid alkyl carboxylate as counterion by anion exchange by precipitation reaction in polar organic solvents such as methanol and isopropanol.
  • the anion exchange is disadvantageous for ecological and economic reasons; the separation of the solvent from the precipitated product consuming.
  • Another way to prevent hydrolysis of the bleach activators in the presence of alkaline detergent ingredients and to ensure adequate storage stability is via granulation and coating of the bleach activators before use in detergent and cleaner preparations.
  • acetonitrile derivatives in particular cyclic acetonitrile for conversion into solid detergents and cleaners are converted into a solid form by a carrier material with the largest possible surface, for example silica stirred into an aqueous acetonitrile or sprayed the aqueous solution onto the carrier or mixed and the resulting mixture is subjected to drying in vacuo at elevated temperatures.
  • a carrier material with the largest possible surface
  • the granules or particles described in the documents have water contents of up to 20 percent by weight, preferably less than 1 percent by weight.
  • Bleaching agents which contain a bleach activator ammonium nitrile, optionally in admixture with other bleach activators, for example Alkanoyloxybenzolsulfonklare or tetraacetylethylenediamine and an inorganic peroxide and an alkali metal carbonate.
  • bleach activators for example Alkanoyloxybenzolsulfonklare or tetraacetylethylenediamine and an inorganic peroxide and an alkali metal carbonate.
  • the other bleach activators used in the invention are solid and naturally have a different structure than the ammonium nitriles.
  • the preparation of the co-granules according to the invention is carried out by spraying the further bleach activator (s) with an aqueous solution of one or more ammonium nitriles (s) and granulating this mixture.
  • the water content of the granules thus obtained is then reduced to less than 5, preferably less than 2 wt .-%.
  • the removal of the excess water can be done by drying under heat, the temperature the granules expediently does not exceed 100 ° C and is below the melting temperature of the granules. Suitable are dryers that do not adversely affect the granular structure of the product, such as tray, vacuum or fluidized bed dryers.
  • the coarse grain and fine grain content is separated by sieving. The coarse grain fraction is comminuted by grinding and, like the fine grain fraction, fed to a renewed granulation process.
  • the grain size of the granules produced in this way is generally in the range of 100 microns - 2000 microns, preferably 300 microns - 1800 microns, more preferably 600 microns - 1200 microns.
  • the bulk density is in the range of 400 to 700 kg / m 3 .
  • An increase in the bulk density can be achieved by compressing the granules into larger agglomerates, for example in roller compactors, and then comminuted with the aid of mills, toothed disc rollers and / or screening screens.
  • the total amount of all bleach activators, based on the finished, dry co-granules is from 50% by weight to 99% by weight, preferably from 70% by weight to 98% by weight, in particular from 80% by weight to 96% by weight.
  • the proportion by weight of ammonium nitrile, based on the finished, dry co-granules is from 1% by weight to 50% by weight, preferably from 10% by weight to 40% by weight, particularly preferably from 15% by weight to 35% by weight.
  • the co-granules according to the invention additionally contain binders and acid additives which reduce the hydrolysis sensitivity of the ammonium nitrile.
  • Possible binders are cellulose and starch and their ethers or esters, for example carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC) or hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and the corresponding starch derivatives, but also film-forming polymers, for example polyacrylic acids and copolymers Maleic anhydride and acrylic acid, as well as the salts of these polymeric acids.
  • CMC carboxymethylcellulose
  • MC methylcellulose
  • HEC hydroxyethylcellulose
  • film-forming polymers for example polyacrylic acids and copolymers Maleic anhydride and acrylic acid, as well as the salts of these polymeric acids.
  • pulverulent anionic components in particular alkanesulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, arylsulfonates, in particular cumene, xylene, toluenesulfonate, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, ⁇ -olefinsulfonates and soaps are suitable.
  • the amount of binder, based on the finished granules can be from 1 to 45% by weight, preferably from 5 to 15% by weight.
  • Suitable acid additives are sulfuric acid, sodium hydrogensulfate, phosphoric acid, sodium hydrogenphosphate, phosphonic acids and their salts, carboxylic acids or their salts, such as citric acid in anhydrous or hydrated form, glycolic acid, succinic acid, succinic anhydride, glutaric acid, glutaric anhydride, adipic acid, adipic anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride or lactic acid , but also acidic polymers.
  • Particularly suitable polymers are polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid or copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid.
  • the amount of acidic additive and its concentration is such that the proportion of the acidic additive in the finished granules about 0 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 15 wt .-%, in particular 1 to 10 wt .-% is.
  • the co-granules according to the invention contain binders and / or acidic additives, it is possible to proceed by premixing these components together with the further bleach activator (s).
  • This step can be carried out in conventional, batch or continuous mixing devices, which are usually equipped with rotating mixing devices, for example in a plowshare mixer. Depending on the effectiveness of the mixing device, the mixing times for a homogeneous mixture are generally between 30 seconds and 5 minutes.
  • this mixture is moistened with an aqueous solution of one or more ammonium nitriles at temperatures of about 20 to 80 ° C. It is then granulated, dried and sieved as indicated above.
  • binders and / or acidic additives to the aqueous solution of ammonium nitrile (s) and to spray the aqueous solution onto the further bleach activator (s).
  • the binder (s) can also be premixed with the further bleach activator (s) and sprayed with the solution of the ammonium nitrile (s) containing acidic additives or, conversely, by passing the further bleach activator (s) ) is premixed with the acidic additives and the binder (s) sprayed within the aqueous solution of the / Ammoniumnitrile (s).
  • the aqueous solution of ammonium nitrile (s) may also contain anionic components, in particular alkanesulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, arylsulfonates, in particular cumene, xylene, toluenesulfonate, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, ⁇ -olefinsulfonates and soaps in parts by weight of from 0 to 3, preferably 0.5 to 2, more preferably 1 to 2, based on the ammonium nitrile contained in the co-granules.
  • the preparation can also be carried out in such a way that all components are mixed dry and then the mixture is granulated with addition of water.
  • a mixture of dry components with one or more water-moist solid (s) can be mixed and granulated.
  • the resulting co-granules themselves, but in particular the resulting fines, as well as the pulverulent milled coarse fraction can be used as the carrier material to which in turn with intensive mixing aqueous nitrile quat solution is metered.
  • This process is freely repeatable within the physico-chemical properties of the resulting co-granules.
  • the co-granules obtained according to the invention are suitable directly for use in detergents and cleaners. In a particularly preferred form of use, however, they can be provided with a coating shell according to methods known per se. For this purpose, the co-granules are coated in an additional step with a film-forming substance, whereby the product properties can be significantly influenced.
  • Suitable coating agents are all film-forming substances, such as waxes, silicones, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, soaps, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic and cationic polymers, polyethylene glycols and polyalkylene glycols.
  • the application of the coating materials is usually carried out by spraying the molten or dissolved in a solvent coating materials.
  • the coating material can be applied in amounts of 0 to 30 wt .-%, preferably from 5 to 15 wt .-%, based on the total weight, on the granule core according to the invention.
  • the storage stability and hygroscopicity can be further improved and the reaction kinetics can be specifically influenced so as to prevent interactions between the bleach activator and the enzyme system at the beginning of the washing process.
  • co-granules of the invention may contain other suitable additives, such as anionic and nonionic surfactants, which contribute to a faster dissolution of the co-granules of the invention, and bleach stabilizers such as phosphonates and polyphosphonates.
  • suitable additives such as anionic and nonionic surfactants, which contribute to a faster dissolution of the co-granules of the invention, and bleach stabilizers such as phosphonates and polyphosphonates.
  • Preferred anionic surfactants are alkali metal salts, ammonium salts, amine salts and salts of amino alcohols of the following compounds: alkyl ether sulfates, alkylamide sulfates and ether sulfates, alkylaryl polyether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, alkylamide sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether sulfosuccinates, alkylamide sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfoacetates, alkylpolyglycerol carboxylates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl polypeptides, Alkylamidopolypeptidates, alkylisethionates, alkyltaurates, alkylpolyglycolethercarboxylic acids or fatty acids, such as
  • Preferred nonionic surfactants are polyethoxylated, polypropoxylated or polyglycerolated ethers of fatty alcohols, polyethoxylated, polypropoxylated and polyglycerolated fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated esters of fatty acids and of sorbitol, polyethoxylated or polyglycerolated fatty amides.
  • suitable additives are complexing agents and transition metal complexes, such as iron, cobalt or manganese-containing metal complexes as in EP-A-0 458 397 and EP-A-0 458 398 described.
  • additives are substances which react with the peroxycarboxylic acid released from the activator in the wash liquor to form reactive intermediates, such as dioxiranes or oxaziridines, and in this way can increase the reactivity.
  • substituing compounds are correspondingly ketones and sulfonimines US-A-3 822 114 and EP-A-0 446 982 ,
  • the amount of the additive depends in particular on its nature.
  • acidifying additives and organic activators to increase the performance of the peracid in amounts of 0 to 20 wt .-%, in particular in amounts of 1 to 10 wt .-%, based on the total weight, added, metal complexes in concentrations in the ppm range.
  • the co-granules according to the invention are distinguished by a very good storage stability in pulverulent washing, cleaning and disinfectant formulations. They are ideal for use in heavy-duty detergents, stain salts, machine dishwashing detergents, powdered all-purpose cleaners and denture cleaners.
  • the co-granules according to the invention are used in combination with a source of hydrogen peroxide.
  • a source of hydrogen peroxide examples include perborate monohydrate, perborate tetrahydrate, percarbonates, alkali persulfates, persilicates and percitrates, with sodium being the preferred alkali metal, as well as hydrogen peroxide adducts of urea or amine oxides.
  • peroxycarboxylic acids for example dodecanedioic acid or phthalimidopercarboxylic acids, which may optionally be substituted on the aromatic, may be present.
  • Bleach stabilizers such as phosphonates, borates, or metaborates and metasilicates, and magnesium salts such as magnesium sulfate may be advantageous.
  • formulation according to the prior art may comprise other detergent ingredients such as surfactants of nonionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric nature, organic and inorganic builders and co-builders, enzymes, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, salts, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, foam inhibitors, sequestering agents and Fragrances and dyes.
  • surfactants of nonionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric nature organic and inorganic builders and co-builders, enzymes, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, salts, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, foam inhibitors, sequestering agents and Fragrances and dyes.
  • Preferred nonionic surfactants are fatty alcohol ethoxylates containing from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide.
  • the alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohols may be linear or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are the condensation products of alcohols containing an alkyl chain of 10 to 20 carbons with 2 to 18 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
  • the alkyl chain can be saturated or unsaturated.
  • the alcohol ethoxylates may have a narrow homolog distribution of the ethylene oxide ("narrow range ethoxylates") or a broad homolog distribution of the ethylene oxide ("broad range ethoxylates").
  • nonionic surfactants of this type are Tergitol TM 15-S-9 (condensation product of a C11-C15 linear secondary alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide), Tergitol TM 24-L-NMW (condensation product of a C 12 -C 14 linear primary alcohol with 6 moles of ethylene oxide with narrow molecular weight distribution). Also included in this product class are the Genapol TM brands from Clariant GmbH.
  • nonionic surfactants in question such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene and Polypentylenoxidaddukte of fatty alcohols having 8-22 carbon atoms and alkylphenols having 6 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, addition products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed from the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol or addition products of ethylene oxide with a reaction product of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine.
  • Suitable amine oxides are in particular C 10 -C 18 -alkyldimethylamine oxides and C 8 -C 12 -alkoxyethyl-dihydroxyethylamine oxides.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are, in particular, straight-chain and branched alkyl sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates, phosphates, alkyl ester sulfonates, arylalkyl sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates and mixtures of the abovementioned compounds. In the following, some of the candidate types of anionic surfactants will be described in more detail.
  • Alkyl ester sulfonates are linear esters of C 8 -C 20 carboxylic acids (ie, fatty acids) which are sulfonated by SO 3 as described in U.S. Pat. The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 52 (1975), pp. 323-329 described.
  • Suitable starting materials are natural fatty derivatives, such as tallow or palm oil fatty acid.
  • Alkyl sulfates are water-soluble salts or acids of the formula ROSO 3 M, wherein R preferably has a C 10 -C 24 -hydrocarbon radical, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 10 to 20 C atoms, particularly preferably a C 12 -C 18 -alkyl or Represents hydroxyalkyl.
  • M is hydrogen or a cation, for example an alkali metal cation (eg sodium, potassium, lithium) or ammonium or substituted ammonium, for example a methyl, dimethyl and trimethylammonium cation or a quaternary ammonium cation, such as tetramethylammonium and dimethylpiperidinium cation and quaternary ammonium cations, derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine and mixtures thereof.
  • Alkyl chains with C 12 -C 16 are preferred for low washing temperatures (eg below about 50 ° C) and alkyl chains with C 16 -C 18 preferably for higher washing temperatures (eg above about 50 ° C).
  • the alkyl ether sulfates are water-soluble salts or acids of the formula RO (A) m SO 3 M, where R is an unsubstituted C 10 -C 24 -alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 10 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably a C 12 -C 20 -alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical, more preferably a C 12 -C 18 -alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical.
  • A is an ethoxy or propoxy moiety
  • m is a number greater than 0, typically between about 0.5 and about 6, more preferably between about 0.5 and about 3
  • M is a hydrogen atom or a cation such as for example, a metal cation (eg, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), ammonium, or a substituted ammonium cation.
  • substituted ammonium cations are methyl, dimethyl, trimethylammonium and quaternary ammonium cations such as tetramethylammonium and dimethylpiperidinium cations, as well as those derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof and the like.
  • C 12 -C 18 -alkyl polyethoxylate (1.0) sulfate, C 12 -C 18 -alkyl polyethoxylate (2,25) sulfate, C 12 -C 18 -alkyl polyethoxylate (3, 0) sulfate, C 12 -C 18 alkyl polyethoxylate (4.0) sulfate, wherein the cation is sodium or potassium.
  • anionic surfactants useful in detergents and cleaners are C 8 -C 24 olefin sulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids prepared by sulfonation of pyrolysis products of alkaline earth metal citrates, as described, for example, in US Pat British Patent GB 1,082,179 , Alkyl glycerol sulfates, fatty acyl glycerol sulfates, oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ether sulfates, linear or branched alkyl benzene sulfonates, primary and secondary paraffin sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, isethionates such as acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurides, alkyl succinamates, sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and uns
  • Monoesters) and diesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated C 12 -C 18 diesters), acyl sarcosinates, sulfates of alkyl polysaccharides such as sulfates of alkyl polyglycosides, branched primary alkyl sulfates and alkyl polyethoxycarboxylates such as those of the formula RO (CH 2 CH 2 ) k CH 2 COO - M + wherein R is a C 8 -C 22 alkyl, k is a number from 0 to 10 and M is a soluble salt-forming cation.
  • Resin acids or hydrogenated resin acids such as rosin or hydrogenated rosin or tall oil resins and tall oil rosin acids are also useful. Further examples are described in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and II, Schwartz, Perry and Berch). A variety of such surfactants are also in U.S. Patent 3,929,678 claimed.
  • amphoteric surfactants which can be used in the formulations of the present invention are, above all, those which are broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be linear or branched and in which one of the aliphatic radicals Substituents containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an anionic, water-soluble group, such as Carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate contains.
  • Preferred amphoteric surfactants are monocarboxylates and dicarboxylates such as cocoamphocarboxypropionate, cocoamidocarboxypropionic acid, cocoamphocarboxyglycinate (also referred to as cocoamphodiacetate) and cocoamphoacetate.
  • amphoteric surfactants are alkyl dimethyl betaines, alkylamido betaines and alkyl dipolyethoxy betaines having an alkyl radical which may be linear or branched, having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and more preferably from 12 to. 18 carbon atoms. These compounds are for example marketed by Clariant GmbH under the trade name Genagen ® CAB and LAB.
  • cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds, ester quats, ether quats, hydroxyethyl quats, ethoxylated quats, in particular quaternized fatty acid alkanolamine ester salts and dialkylaminopropylamine ester salts.
  • Suitable organic and inorganic builders are neutral or, in particular, alkaline salts which are able to precipitate or complex calcium ions.
  • Suitable and in particular ecologically acceptable builder substances such as fine-crystalline, synthetic hydrous zeolites of the NaA type, which have a calcium binding capacity in the range from 100 to 200 mg CaO / g, find a preferred use.
  • sheet silicates and amorphous silicates are also preferred.
  • alkali metal phosphates which may be in the form of their alkaline, neutral or acidic sodium or potassium salts.
  • Trisodium phosphate Trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, so-called sodium hexametaphosphate, oligomeric trisodium phosphate with degrees of oligomerization of 5 to 1000, in particular 5 to 50, and mixtures of sodium and potassium salts.
  • Useful organic builders are, for example, the carboxylic acids preferably used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid, nitriloacetate (NTA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, if such use is unobjectionable for ecological reasons and phosphonic and polyphosphonic acids.
  • polymeric carboxylates and their salts include, for example, the salts of homopolymeric or copolymeric polyacrylates, polymethacrylates and in particular copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, preferably those of 50% to 10% maleic acid, as well as polyaspartic acid and also polyvinylpyrrolidone and urethanes.
  • the molecular weight of the homopolymers is generally between 1000 and 100,000, those of the copolymers between 2000 and 200,000, preferably 50,000 to 120,000, based on the free acid, in particular water-soluble polyacrylates are suitable, for example, about 1% of a Polyallylethers of sucrose are cross-linked and have a molecular weight above one million. Examples of these are the polymers available under the name Carbopol 940 and 941.
  • Suitable enzymes are those from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, pullinases, cutinases, and cellulases or mixtures thereof.
  • the enzymes can be adsorbed to carrier substances and / or embedded in encapsulating substances.
  • Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups and / or optionally benzoyl groups.
  • TAED polyacylated alkylenediamines
  • TAED acylated triazine derivatives
  • DADHT 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine
  • TAGU acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril
  • N-acylimides especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI )
  • Carboxylic acid anhydrides in particular phthalic anhydride
  • acylated polyhydric alcohols in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate, 2,5-diacet
  • GAA glucose pentaacetate
  • TAX xylose tetraacetate
  • NOBS nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate
  • SBOBS sodium 4-benzoyloxybenzenesulfonate
  • STHOBS sodium trimethylhexanoyloxybenzenesulfonate
  • TACA tetraacetylcyanoic acid
  • ADMG di-N-acetyldimethylglyoxine
  • PAH 1-phenyl- 3-acetylhydantoin
  • APES nonanoyl-caprolactam phenylsulfonate ester
  • NOPS nonanoylphenylsulphonate ester
  • NTA nitrilotriacetate
  • quaternary ammonium nitrile compounds quaternary ammonium nitrile compounds.
  • the detergent formulations may also include EP 446 982 and EP 453 003 contain known sulfone imines and / or bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes as so-called bleach catalysts.
  • salts or adjusting agents for example, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate or sodium silicate (water glass) are used.
  • Further constituents of the detergent formulation may be optical brighteners, for example derivatives of diaminostilbene disulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts and foam inhibitors such as fatty acid alkyl ester alkoxylates, organopolysiloxanes and mixtures thereof with microfine, optionally silanized silica and paraffins, waxes, microcrystalline waxes and their mixtures with silanated silica. It is also advantageous to use mixtures of different foam inhibitors, for example those of silicone oil, paraffin oil or waxes.
  • foam inhibitors are to a granular, in water soluble or dispersible carrier substance bound.
  • the salts of polyphosphonic acids such as 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) and diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid (DTPMP) can be added.
  • HEDP 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid
  • ETMP ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid
  • DTPMP diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid
  • further additives are sodium borate, cellulose and starch and their ethers or esters, sucrose, polydextrose and polymeric additives.
  • a ploughshare mixer FKM 130 D Lödige, 18.6 kg of tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) and 1.4 kg of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were intensively mixed at a mixing tool speed of 135 rpm for a period of 5 minutes. Subsequently, in the same ploughshare mixer at a mixing tool speed of 135 rpm and a rotating cutter head in the middle part of the mixer at a speed of 2800 rpm, an aqueous solution consisting of 2.0 kg N, N, N was added to this powder premix.
  • TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
  • CMC carboxymethylcellulose
  • Trimethyl (N-nitrilomethyl) ammonium methosulfate 0.5 kg partially neutralized copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid, 2.4 kg of cumene sulfonate and 5.1 kg of water at a temperature of 75 ° C over a period of 10 min directly metered onto the cutter head and then mixed for a further 2 min and granulated.
  • the moist granules were then transferred to a fluidized bed dryer and dried with gas inlet temperatures of 100 ° C to a residual water content of 2%.
  • the coarse fraction (7.6 kg over 1400 ⁇ ) from the first pass was ground with a FitzMill and, together with the fine fraction (10.9 kg under 500 ⁇ ) from the 1st pass and 5.4 kg fresh TAED / CMC. (93: 7)
  • Trimethyl (N-nitrilomethyl) ammonium methosulfate 0.5 kg partially neutralized copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid, 2.4 kg of cumene sulfonate and 5.1 kg of water at a temperature of 75 ° C over a period of 10 min directly metered onto the cutter head and then mixed for a further 2 min and granulated.
  • the moist granules were then transferred to a fluidized bed dryer and dried with gas inlet temperatures of 100 ° C to a residual water content of 2%. This gave 7.8 kg of granules with a particle size distribution of 500-1400 ⁇ and 12.9 kg fines ⁇ 500 microns and 8.6 kg coarse fraction> 1400 ⁇ .
  • the granules with the grain size of 500 - 1400 ⁇ has a bulk density of about 495 g / l.
  • the coarse fraction (8.6 kg over 1400 ⁇ ) from the 2nd pass was ground with a FitzMill and, together with the fine fraction (12.9 kg under 500 ⁇ ) from the second pass and 5.4 kg fresh TAED / CMC. (93: 7)
  • the moist granules were then transferred to a fluidized bed dryer and dried with gas inlet temperatures of 100 ° C to a residual water content of 2%.
  • the coarse fraction (9.7 kg over 1400 ⁇ ) from the 3rd run was ground with a FitzMill and, together with the fines (14.2 kg under 500 ⁇ ) from the 3rd run and 5.4 kg fresh TAED / CMC (93: 7)
  • an aqueous solution consisting of 2.0 kg N, N, N was added to this powder premix.
  • Trimethyl (N-nitrilomethyl) ammonium methosulfate 0.5 kg partially neutralized copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid, 2.4 kg of cumene sulfonate and 5.1 kg of water at a temperature of 75 ° C over a period of 10 min directly metered onto the cutter head and then mixed for a further 2 min and granulated.
  • the moist granules were then transferred to a fluidized bed dryer and dried with gas inlet temperatures of 100 ° C to a residual water content of 2%. This gave 9.3 kg granules with a particle size distribution of 500- 1400 ⁇ and 14.9 kg fines ⁇ 500 microns and 10.2 kg coarse fraction> 1400 ⁇ .
  • the granules with the particle size of 500 - 1400 ⁇ has a bulk density of about 510 g / l.
  • Nitrilquat spray powder consisting of 7.44 kg of N, N, N-trimethyl (N-nitrilomethyl) ammonium methosulfate, 8.93 kg of cumene sulfonate, 1, 86 kg of partially neutralized copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid and 0.37 kg of water
  • CMC carboxymethylcellulose
  • a ploughshare mixer FKM 130 D Lödige, 18.6 kg of tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) and 1.55 kg of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were intensively mixed at a mixing tool speed of 135 rpm for a period of 5 minutes. Subsequently, in the same ploughshare mixer with a mixing tool speed of 135 rpm and switched on, rotating cutter head in the middle part of the mixer at a speed of 2800 U / min on this powder premix 3.5 kg of water over a period of 10 min directly on The knife head is metered in and then mixed for a further 2 min and granulated.
  • TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
  • CMC carboxymethylcellulose
  • the moist granules were then transferred to a fluidized bed dryer and dried with gas inlet temperatures of 100 ° C to a residual water content of 2%. 5.8 kg of granules having a particle size distribution of 500-1400 ⁇ m and 11.8 kg of fine fraction ⁇ 500 ⁇ m and 3.0 kg of coarse fraction> 1400 ⁇ m were obtained.
  • the granules with the grain size of 500 - 1400 microns has a bulk density of about 470 g / l.
  • the Petri dishes filled as described above were then stored open in a climatic cabinet at a temperature of 38 ° C and a relative humidity of 80% for 5 days. After a storage time of 1, 2 and 5 days, the residual content of activator was determined by iodometric titration and set in percent relative to the initial content used. Storage time [days] TAED / nitrile quat / CMC TAED / CMC + nitrile quat / CMC 0 100% 100% 1 89% 81% 2 78% 66% 5 46% 32%
  • the TAED / nitrile quat / CMC co-granulate according to the invention has a better storage stability than a mixture of TAED / CMC granules and nitrile quat / CMC granules with similar overall composition.
  • the TAED / nitrile quat / CMC-co-granules according to the invention absorb less water in the same storage period than a mixture of TAED / CMC granules and nitrile quat / CMC granules with similar overall composition.
  • the TAED / nitrile quat / CMC co-granulate according to the invention after storage in a detergent formulation, achieves better bleaching performance at 20 ° C. and 40 ° C. than a mixture of TAED / CMC granules stored in a detergent formulation over the same period of time and nitrile quat / CMC granules of similar overall composition.

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Description

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bleichaktivator-Co-Granulaten aus einem oder mehreren Ammoniumnitrilen und mindestens einem weiteren Bleichaktivator, die in einem breiten Temperaturbereich von 10°C bis 70°C mit einem Bleichmittel reagieren und eine Bleichwirkung induzieren. Des weiteren zeichnen sich die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Granulate durch eine verbesserte Lagerstabilität, sowie durch hohe Wirkstoffgehalte aus.The invention relates to a process for the preparation of bleach activator co-granules of one or more ammonium nitriles and at least one further bleach activator, which react in a wide temperature range of 10 ° C to 70 ° C with a bleaching agent and induce a bleaching action. Furthermore, the granules produced according to the invention are distinguished by improved storage stability and by high active ingredient contents.

Bleichaktivatoren sind wichtige Bestandteile in Kompaktwaschmitteln, Fleckensalzen und Maschinengeschirrspülmitteln. Herkömmliche Bleichaktivatoren ermöglichen bei 40°C bis 60°C ein der Kochwäsche vergleichbares Bleichergebnis, indem sie mit Wasserstoffperoxydspendern (meist Perborate, Percarbonate, Persilicate und Perphosphate) unter Freisetzung einer organischen Peroxicarbonsäure reagieren.Bleach activators are important ingredients in compact detergents, patch salts and machine dishwashing detergents. Conventional bleach activators, at 40 ° C to 60 ° C, provide a bleaching result comparable to that of cooking by reacting with hydrogen peroxide donors (usually perborates, percarbonates, persilicates and perphosphates) to release an organic peroxycarboxylic acid.

Das erzielbare Bleichergebnis wird bestimmt durch Art und Reaktivität der gebildeten Peroxicarbonsäure, die Struktur der zu perhydrolysierenden Bindung, sowie die Wasserlöslichkeit des Bleichaktivators. Viele Substanzen sind nach dem Stand der Technik als Bleichaktivatoren bekannt. Gewöhnlich handelt es sich dabei um reaktive organische Verbindungen mit einer O-Acyl- oder N-Acyl-Gruppe, die bereits in der Waschpulvermischung, begünstigt durch die vorhandene Restfeuchte, mit dem Bleichmittel wie z.B. Natriumperborat reagieren kann, wenn beide Komponenten ungeschützt vorliegen.The achievable bleaching result is determined by the nature and reactivity of the peroxycarboxylic acid formed, the structure of the bond to be perhydrolyzed, and the water solubility of the bleach activator. Many substances are known in the art as bleach activators. These are usually reactive organic compounds having an O-acyl or N-acyl group already in the washing powder mixture, favored by the residual moisture present, with the bleaching agent such as e.g. Sodium perborate can react when both components are unprotected.

Repräsentative Beispiele für Bleichaktivatoren sind etwa N,N,N',N'-Tetraacetylethylendiamin (TAED), Nonanoylcaprolactamphenylsulfonatester (APES), Glucosepentaacetat (GPA), Xylosetetraacetat (TAX), Acyloxybenzolsulfonate (z.B. Nonanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (NOBS), Natrium-4-benzoyloxybenzolsulfonat (SBOBS), Natriumtrimethylhexanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (STHOBS), Diacetyldioxohexahydrotriazin (DADHT), Tetraacetylglucoluril (TAGU), Tetraacetylcyansäure (TACA), Di-N-acetyldimethylglyoxin (ADMG) und 1-Phenyl-3-acetylhydantoin (PAH) und Nitrilotriacetat (NTA). Diese Bleichaktivatoren haben im Temperaturbereich von 40°C bis 60°C den größten Wirkungsgrad.Representative examples of bleach activators include N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), nonanoyl-caprolactam phenylsulfonate ester (APES), glucose pentaacetate (GPA), xylose tetraacetate (TAX), acyloxybenzenesulfonates (eg nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS), sodium 4-benzoyloxybenzenesulfonate ( SBOBS), sodium trimethylhexanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (STHOBS), diacetyldioxohexahydrotriazine (DADHT), tetraacetylglucoluril (TAGU), Tetraacetylcyanoic acid (TACA), di-N-acetyldimethylglyoxine (ADMG) and 1-phenyl-3-acetylhydantoin (PAH) and nitrilotriacetate (NTA). These bleach activators have the highest efficiency in the temperature range from 40 ° C to 60 ° C.

Ammoniumnitrile ("Nitrilquats") bilden eine besondere Klasse kationischer Bleichaktivatoren. Verbindungen dieser Art und deren Verwendung als Bleichaktivator in Bleichmitteln sind in EP-A-0 303 520 , EP-A-0 464 880 , EP-A-0 458 396 , EP-A-0 897 974 und EP-A-0 790 244 beschrieben.Ammonium nitriles ("nitrile quats") form a special class of cationic bleach activators. Compounds of this type and their use as bleach activators in bleaching agents are known in EP-A-0 303 520 . EP-A-0 464 880 . EP-A-0 458 396 . EP-A-0 897 974 and EP-A-0 790 244 described.

In DE 197 40 671 , WO 98/23534 und WO 02/26927 sind ebenfalls Ammoniumnitrile als Bleichaktivatoren beschrieben. Diese Verbindungen können zusammen mit anderen Typen von Bleichaktivatoren eingesetzt werden.In DE 197 40 671 . WO 98/23534 and WO 02/26927 Ammonium nitriles are also described as bleach activators. These compounds can be used with other types of bleach activators.

Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Co-Granulate aus einem oder mehreren Ammoniumnitrilen und mindestens einem weiteren Bleichaktivator, wobei diese Co-Granulate erhalten werden, indem man auf den/die weiteren Bleichaktivator(en) eine wässrige Lösung eines oder mehrerer Ammoniumnitrile(s) aufsprüht, die erhaltene Mischung granuliert und die feuchten Granulate trocknet und siebt.The invention relates to co-granules of one or more ammonium nitriles and at least one further bleach activator, wherein these co-granules are obtained by spraying on the / the further bleach activator (s) an aqueous solution of one or more Ammoniumnitrile (s), the granulated mixture obtained and the moist granules are dried and sieves.

Als Ammoniumnitrile kommen insbesondere Verbindungen der Formel (1) in Frage

Figure imgb0001
worin R1, R2, R3 gleich oder verschieden sind, und für lineare oder verzweigte C1-C24-Alkylgruppen, C2-C24-Alkenylgruppen oder für C1-C4-Alkoxy-C1-C4-Alkylgruppen, substituiert oder unsubstituiertes Benzyl stehen, oder worin R1 und R2 zusammen mit dem Stickstoffatom, an das sie gebunden sind, einen Ring mit 4 bis 6 C-Atomen bilden, der mit C1-C5-Alkyl, C1-C5-Alkoxy, C1- bis C5-Alkanoyl, Phenyl, Amino, Ammonium, Cyano, Cyanamino, Chlor oder Brom substituiert sein kann und zusätzlich zum Stickstoffatom anstelle von Kohlenstoffatomen ein oder zwei Sauerstoff- oder Stickstoffatome, eine Gruppe N-R6 oder eine Gruppe R3-N-R6 enthalten kann, worin R6 Wasserstoff, C1- bis C5-Alkyl, C2- bis C5-Alkenyl, C2- bis C5-Alkinyl, Phenyl, C7- bis C9-Arylalkyl, C5- bis C7-Cycloalkyl, C1- bis C6-Alkanoyl, Cyanomethyl oder Cyan ist, R4 und R5 Wasserstoff, C1-C4-Alkyl, C1-C4-Alkenyl, C1-C4-Alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, Phenyl oder C1-C3-Alkylphenyl, vorzugsweise Wasserstoff, Methyl oder Phenyl sind, wobei insbesondere R4 Wasserstoff bedeutet, wenn R5 keinen Wasserstoff bedeutet, und A für ein Anion, beispielsweise Chlorid, Bromid, lodid, Fluorid, Sulfat, Hydrogensulfat, Carbonat, Hydrogencarbonat, Phosphat, Mono- und Di-Hydrogenphosphat, Pyrophosphat, Metaphosphat, Nitrat, Methylsulfat, Phosphonat, Methylphosphonat, Methandisulfonat, Methylsulfonat, Ethansulfonat oder für ein Anion der Formeln R7SO3 , R7SO4 oder R7COO steht, worin R7 C1-C20-, vorzugsweise C10-C18-Alkyl, und zusätzlich auch C1-C18-Alkylphenyl bedeuten. Besonders bevorzugt sind Cumolsulfonat und C12/18-Alkoholsulfat als Anion.Suitable ammonium nitriles are, in particular, compounds of the formula (1)
Figure imgb0001
in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are identical or different and for linear or branched C 1 -C 24 -alkyl groups, C 2 -C 24 -alkenyl groups or for C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 - Alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, or in which R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a ring having 4 to 6 C atoms which is substituted by C 1 -C 5 -alkyl, C 1 - C 5 alkoxy, C 1 - to C 5 alkanoyl, phenyl, Amino, ammonium, cyano, cyanamino, chloro or bromo and in addition to the nitrogen atom may contain one or two oxygen or nitrogen atoms, a group NR 6 or a group R 3 -NR 6 instead of carbon atoms, wherein R 6 is hydrogen, C C 1 - to C 5 -alkyl, C 2 - to C 5 -alkenyl, C 2 - to C 5 -alkynyl, phenyl, C 7 - to C 9 -arylalkyl, C 5 - to C 7 -cycloalkyl, C 1 - to C 6 is alkanoyl, cyanomethyl or cyano, R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkenyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, phenyl or C 1 -C 3 -alkylphenyl, preferably hydrogen, methyl or phenyl, wherein in particular R 4 is hydrogen, when R 5 is not hydrogen, and A is for an anion, for example, chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, carbonate, hydrogencarbonate, phosphate, mono- and di-hydrogenphosphate, pyrophosphate, metaphosphate, nitrate, methylsulfate, phosphonate, methylphosphonate, methanedisulfonate, methylsulfonate, ethanesulfonate or for a Anion of the formulas R 7 is SO 3 , R 7 is SO 4 or R 7 is COO , where R 7 is C 1 -C 20 -, preferably C 10 -C 18 -alkyl, and additionally also C 1 -C 18 -alkylphenyl mean. Particularly preferred are cumene sulfonate and C 12/18 alcohol sulfate as anion.

Als Ammoniumnitrile besonders bevorzugt sind Verbindungen der Formel 2

Figure imgb0002
wobei R1, R2 und R3 für eine lineare oder verzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine Alkenylgruppe mit 2 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen oder substituiert oder unsubstituiertes Benzyl steht und A für ein beliebiges ladungsausgleichendes Ion, beispielsweise Chlorid, Bromid, lodid, Fluorid, Sulfat, Hydrogensulfat, Carbonat, Hydrogencarbonat, Phosphat, Mono- und Di-Hydrogenphosphat, Pyrophosphat, Metaphosphat, Nitrat, Methylsulfat, Phosphonat, Methylphosphonat, Methandisulfonat, Methylsulfonat, Ethansulfonat oder für ein Anion der Formeln R7SO3 θ, R7SO4 θ oder R7COOθ, wobei R7 die oben angegebenen Bedeutungen hat. Besonders bevorzugt sind Cumolsulfonat und C12/18-Alkoholsulfat als Anion.Particularly preferred ammonium nitrites are compounds of the formula 2
Figure imgb0002
wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 represent a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group of 2 to 24 carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, and A represents any charge-balancing ion, for example, chloride, bromide , iodide, fluoride, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, mono- and di-hydrogen phosphate, pyrophosphate, metaphosphate, nitrate, methylsulfate, phosphonate, methylphosphonate, methanedisulfonate, methylsulfonate, ethanesulfonate or for an anion of the formulas R 7 SO 3 θ , R 7 SO 4 θ or R 7 COO θ , wherein R 7 has the meanings given above. Particularly preferred are cumene sulfonate and C 12/18 alcohol sulfate as anion.

Besonders bevorzugt ist die Verwendung von Verbindungen gemäß Formel 2, in denen R1, R2 und R3 jeweils für eine Methylgruppe steht. Das ladungsausgleichende Anion kann beliebig sein, bevorzugt Chlorid oder Methosulfat oder ein Gemisch verschiedener Anionen, beispielsweise Chlorid oder Methosulfat und Cumolsulfonat und/oder Laurylsulfat und/oder Fettsäurealkylcarboxylate.Particularly preferred is the use of compounds according to formula 2, in which R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each a methyl group. The charge-balancing anion may be arbitrary, preferably chloride or methosulfate or a mixture various anions, for example chloride or methosulfate and cumene sulfonate and / or lauryl sulfate and / or Fettsäurealkylcarboxylate.

Ammoniumnitrile gemäß Formel 1 und 2 zeichnen sich durch ein besonders gutes Bleichvermögen in Gegenwart eines Bleichmittels bei tiefen Temperaturen im Bereich von 10°C bis 50°C aus.Ammonium nitriles according to formula 1 and 2 are characterized by a particularly good bleaching ability in the presence of a bleaching agent at low temperatures in the range of 10 ° C to 50 ° C.

Für den Einsatz der Ammoniumnitrile als Bleichaktivator in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln ist aber deren Hygroskopizität und Hydrolyseempfindlichkeit in Gegenwart alkalischer Waschmittelbestandteile und eine damit verbundene entsprechend geringe Lagerstabilität von großem Nachteil.For the use of ammonium nitriles as a bleach activator in detergents and cleaners but their hygroscopicity and sensitivity to hydrolysis in the presence of alkaline detergent ingredients and a correspondingly low storage stability associated with a great disadvantage.

Gemäß EP-A-0 464 880 kann eine Verbesserung der Lagerstabilität von Ammoniumnitrilen erreicht werden, indem Ammoniumnitrile mit Alkan- oder Paraffinsulfonat, Arylsulfonat, primärem Alkoholsulfat, oder Fettsäurealkylcarboxylat als Gegenion mittels Anionenaustausch durch Fällungsreaktion in polaren organischen Lösungsmitteln wie z.B. Methanol und Isopropanol hergestellt werden. Der Anionenaustausch ist aus ökologischen und ökonomischen Gründen nachteilig; die Abtrennung der Lösungsmittel aus dem Fällungsprodukt aufwendig.According to EP-A-0 464 880 For example, an improvement in the storage stability of ammonium nitriles can be achieved by preparing ammonium nitriles with alkane or paraffin sulfonate, aryl sulfonate, primary alcohol sulfate or fatty acid alkyl carboxylate as counterion by anion exchange by precipitation reaction in polar organic solvents such as methanol and isopropanol. The anion exchange is disadvantageous for ecological and economic reasons; the separation of the solvent from the precipitated product consuming.

Ein anderer Weg zur Verhinderung einer Hydrolyse der Bleichaktivatoren in Gegenwart alkalischer Waschmittelbestandteile und zur Gewährleistung einer ausreichenden Lagerstabilität, erfolgt über Granulierung und Coatung der Bleichaktivatoren vor Einsatz in Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelzubereitungen.Another way to prevent hydrolysis of the bleach activators in the presence of alkaline detergent ingredients and to ensure adequate storage stability is via granulation and coating of the bleach activators before use in detergent and cleaner preparations.

In WO 98/23531 , WO 00/58273 und WO 00/36061 wird beschrieben, dass Acetonitril-Derivate, insbesondere cyclische Acetonitrilverbindungen zur Einarbeitung in feste Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel in eine feste Form überführt werden, indem ein Trägermaterial mit möglichst großer Oberfläche, beispielsweise Kieselsäure in eine wässrige Acetonitrillösung eingerührt bzw. die wässrige Lösung auf den Träger aufgesprüht bzw. vermischt wird und die resultierende Mischung einer Trocknung im Vakuum bei erhöhten Temperaturen unterzogen wird. Die in den Schriften beschriebenen Granulate bzw. Partikel haben Wassergehalte von bis zu 20 Gewichtsprozent, bevorzugt weniger als 1 Gewichtsprozent. Unbefriedigend ist die Hygroskopizität und folglich die Lagerstabilität der Produkte, insbesondere der linearen Acetonitril-Derivate bei schwankender Luftfeuchtigkeit, sowie eine teilweise Zersetzung der hydrolyseempfindlichen Acetonitrilverbindungen während des thermischen Trocknungsprozesses.In WO 98/23531 . WO 00/58273 and WO 00/36061 describes that acetonitrile derivatives, in particular cyclic acetonitrile for conversion into solid detergents and cleaners are converted into a solid form by a carrier material with the largest possible surface, for example silica stirred into an aqueous acetonitrile or sprayed the aqueous solution onto the carrier or mixed and the resulting mixture is subjected to drying in vacuo at elevated temperatures. The granules or particles described in the documents have water contents of up to 20 percent by weight, preferably less than 1 percent by weight. Unsatisfactory is the Hygroscopicity and consequently the storage stability of the products, in particular the linear acetonitrile derivatives in fluctuating humidity, as well as a partial decomposition of the hydrolysis-sensitive acetonitrile during the thermal drying process.

In EP 1 122 300 werden Bleichmittel beschrieben, die als Bleichaktivator ein Ammoniumnitril, gegebenenfalls in Abmischung mit weiteren Bleichaktivatoren, beispielsweise Alkanoyloxybenzolsulfonsäure oder Tetraacetylethylendiamin sowie ein anorganisches Peroxyd und ein Alkalicarbonat enthalten. Die Schrift lehrt nicht, auf welche Weise die Hydrolyseempfindlichkeit der Ammoniumnitrile minimiert werden kann.In EP 1 122 300 Bleaching agents are described which contain a bleach activator ammonium nitrile, optionally in admixture with other bleach activators, for example Alkanoyloxybenzolsulfonsäure or tetraacetylethylenediamine and an inorganic peroxide and an alkali metal carbonate. The document does not teach how to minimize the hydrolysis sensitivity of the ammonium nitriles.

Alle bisher beschriebenen Methoden zur Konfektionierung von Ammoniumnitrilen erfüllen die Anforderungen an Mittel mit guter Bleichwirkung über einen breiten Temperaturbereich, sowie hoher Lagerstabilität fester Partikel mit hohen Wirkstoffgehalten nicht in befriedigender Weise.All previously described methods for the preparation of ammonium nitriles meet the requirements of agents with good bleaching effect over a wide temperature range, and high storage stability of solid particles with high drug levels not satisfying.

Die erfindungsgemäß benutzten weiteren Bleichaktivatoren sind fest und haben naturgemäß eine andere Struktur als die Ammoniumnitrile. In Betracht kommen hier N,N,N',N'-Tetraacetylethylendiamin (TAED), Nonanoylcaprolactamphenylsulfonatester (APES), Glucosepentaacetat (GPA), Xylosetetraacetat (TAX), Acyloxybenzolsulfonate (z.B. Nonanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (NOBS), Natrium-4-benzoyloxybenzolsulfonat (SBOBS), Natriumtrimethylhexanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (STHOBS)), Diacetyldioxohexahydrotriazin (DADHT), Tetraacetylglucoluril (TAGU), Tetraacetylcyansäure (TACA), Di-N-acetyldimethylglyoxin (ADMG) und 1-Phenyl-3-acetylhydantoin (PAH), Nitrilotriacetat (NTA). Bevorzugt ist TAED.The other bleach activators used in the invention are solid and naturally have a different structure than the ammonium nitriles. N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), nonanoylcaprolactam phenylsulfonate ester (APES), glucose pentaacetate (GPA), xylose tetraacetate (TAX), acyloxybenzenesulfonates (eg nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS), sodium 4-benzoyloxybenzenesulfonate (SBOBS) , Sodium trimethylhexanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (STHOBS)), diacetyldioxohexahydrotriazine (DADHT), tetraacetylglucoluril (TAGU), tetraacetylcyanoic acid (TACA), di-N-acetyldimethylglyoxine (ADMG) and 1-phenyl-3-acetylhydantoin (PAH), nitrilotriacetate (NTA). Preferred is TAED.

Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Co-Granulate erfolgt, indem man den/die weiteren Bleichaktivator(en) mit einer wässrigen Lösung eines oder mehrerer Ammoniumnitrile(s) besprüht und diese Mischung granuliert.The preparation of the co-granules according to the invention is carried out by spraying the further bleach activator (s) with an aqueous solution of one or more ammonium nitriles (s) and granulating this mixture.

Der Wassergehalt der so erhaltenen Granulate wird anschließend auf weniger als 5, vorzugsweise weniger als 2 Gew.-% erniedrigt. Das Entziehen des überschüssigen Wassers kann durch Trocknen unter Wärmezufuhr erfolgen, wobei die Temperatur des Granulates zweckmäßigerweise 100°C nicht übersteigt und unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur des Granulates liegt. Geeignet sind Trockner, die die granulare Struktur des Produkts nicht nachteilig verändern, beispielsweise Horden-, Vakuum - oder Wirbelschichttrockner.
Von dem getrockneten Granulat wird durch Sieben der Grobkorn- und der Feinkornanteil abgetrennt. Der Grobkornanteil wird durch Vermahlen zerkleinert und ebenso wie der Feinkornanteil einem erneuten Granulierungsprozess zugeführt.
The water content of the granules thus obtained is then reduced to less than 5, preferably less than 2 wt .-%. The removal of the excess water can be done by drying under heat, the temperature the granules expediently does not exceed 100 ° C and is below the melting temperature of the granules. Suitable are dryers that do not adversely affect the granular structure of the product, such as tray, vacuum or fluidized bed dryers.
From the dried granules, the coarse grain and fine grain content is separated by sieving. The coarse grain fraction is comminuted by grinding and, like the fine grain fraction, fed to a renewed granulation process.

Die Korngröße des auf diese Weise hergestellten Granulats liegt im allgemeinen im Bereich von 100 µm - 2000 µm, vorzugsweise 300 µm - 1800 µm, besonders bevorzugt 600 µm - 1200 µm. Das Schüttgewicht liegt im Bereich von 400 bis 700 kg/m3.The grain size of the granules produced in this way is generally in the range of 100 microns - 2000 microns, preferably 300 microns - 1800 microns, more preferably 600 microns - 1200 microns. The bulk density is in the range of 400 to 700 kg / m 3 .

Eine Erhöhung des Schüttgewichts kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass man die Granulate zu größeren Agglomeraten verpresst, beispielsweise in Walzenkompaktoren, und anschließend mit Hilfe von Mühlen, Zahnscheibenwalzen und/oder Passiersieben zerkleinert.An increase in the bulk density can be achieved by compressing the granules into larger agglomerates, for example in roller compactors, and then comminuted with the aid of mills, toothed disc rollers and / or screening screens.

Die Gesamtmenge aller Bleichaktivatoren bezogen auf das fertige, trockene Co-Granulat, beträgt 50 Gew-% bis 99 Gew-%, vorzugsweise 70 Gew-% bis 98 Gew-%, insbesondere 80 Gew-% bis 96 Gew.-%.
Der Gewichtsanteil an Ammoniumnitril bezogen auf das fertige, trockene Co-Granulat liegt bei 1 Gew-% bis 50 Gew-%, bevorzugt 10 Gew-% bis 40 Gew-%, besonders bevorzugt 15 Gew-% bis35 Gew-%.
The total amount of all bleach activators, based on the finished, dry co-granules, is from 50% by weight to 99% by weight, preferably from 70% by weight to 98% by weight, in particular from 80% by weight to 96% by weight.
The proportion by weight of ammonium nitrile, based on the finished, dry co-granules, is from 1% by weight to 50% by weight, preferably from 10% by weight to 40% by weight, particularly preferably from 15% by weight to 35% by weight.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält das erfindungsgemäße Co-Granulat zusätzlich Bindemittel und saure Additive, die die Hydrolyseempfindlichkeit des Ammoniumnitrils herabsetzen.In a preferred embodiment, the co-granules according to the invention additionally contain binders and acid additives which reduce the hydrolysis sensitivity of the ammonium nitrile.

Als Bindemittel kommen in Frage Cellulose und Stärke sowie deren Ether oder Ester, beispielsweise Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Methylcellulose (MC) oder Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) und die entsprechenden Stärkederivate, aber auch filmbildende Polymere, beispielsweise Polyacrylsäuren und Copolymere aus Maleinsäureanhydrid und Acrylsäure, sowie die Salze dieser Polymersäuren. Handelsübliche Produkte sind zum Beispiel Sokalan® CP 5 oder 45.
Des weiteren eignen sich pulverförmige anionische Komponenten, insbesondere Alkansulfonate, Alkylarylsulfonate, Arylsulfonate, insbesondere Cumol-, Xylol-, Toluolsulfonat, Alkylethersulfate , Alkylsulfate, α-Olefinsulfonate und Seifen.
Die Menge an Bindemittel, bezogen auf das fertige Granulat, kann 1 bis 45 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 5 bis 15 Gew.-% betragen.
Possible binders are cellulose and starch and their ethers or esters, for example carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC) or hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and the corresponding starch derivatives, but also film-forming polymers, for example polyacrylic acids and copolymers Maleic anhydride and acrylic acid, as well as the salts of these polymeric acids. Commercial products are, for example Sokalan ® CP 5 or 45th
Furthermore, pulverulent anionic components, in particular alkanesulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, arylsulfonates, in particular cumene, xylene, toluenesulfonate, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, α-olefinsulfonates and soaps are suitable.
The amount of binder, based on the finished granules, can be from 1 to 45% by weight, preferably from 5 to 15% by weight.

Als saure Additive sind geeignet Schwefelsäure, Natriumhydrogensulfat, Phosphorsäure, Natriumhydrogenphosphat, Phosphonsäuren und deren Salze, Carbonsäuren oder deren Salze, wie Zitronensäure in wasserfreier oder hydratisierter Form, Glykolsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Bernsteinsäureanhydrid, Glutarsäure, Glutarsäureanhydrid, Adipinsäure, Adipinsäureanhydrid, Maleinsäure, Maleinsäureanhydrid oder Milchsäure, aber auch saure Polymere.
Besonders geeignete Polymere sind Polyacrylsäure, Polymaleinsäure oder Copolymere aus Acrylsäure und Maleinsäure.
Suitable acid additives are sulfuric acid, sodium hydrogensulfate, phosphoric acid, sodium hydrogenphosphate, phosphonic acids and their salts, carboxylic acids or their salts, such as citric acid in anhydrous or hydrated form, glycolic acid, succinic acid, succinic anhydride, glutaric acid, glutaric anhydride, adipic acid, adipic anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride or lactic acid , but also acidic polymers.
Particularly suitable polymers are polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid or copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid.

Die Menge an saurem Additiv und dessen Konzentration ist so bemessen, dass der Anteil des sauren Additivs in dem fertigen Granulat ungefähr 0 bis 20 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 1 bis 15 Gew.-%, insbesondere 1 bis 10 Gew.-% beträgt.The amount of acidic additive and its concentration is such that the proportion of the acidic additive in the finished granules about 0 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 15 wt .-%, in particular 1 to 10 wt .-% is.

Für den Fall, dass das erfindungsgemäße Co-Granulat Bindemittel und/oder saure Additive enthält, kann man so vorgehen, dass man zunächst diese Komponenten zusammen mit dem/den weiteren Bleichaktivator(en) vormischt.
Dieser Schritt kann in üblichen, chargenweise oder kontinuierlich arbeitenden Mischvorrichtungen, die in der Regel mit rotierenden Mischorganen ausgerüstet sind, erfolgen, beispielsweise in einem Pflugscharmischer. Je nach Wirksamkeit der Mischvorrichtung liegen die Mischzeiten für ein homogenes Gemisch im allgemeinen zwischen 30 Sekunden und 5 Minuten.
In the event that the co-granules according to the invention contain binders and / or acidic additives, it is possible to proceed by premixing these components together with the further bleach activator (s).
This step can be carried out in conventional, batch or continuous mixing devices, which are usually equipped with rotating mixing devices, for example in a plowshare mixer. Depending on the effectiveness of the mixing device, the mixing times for a homogeneous mixture are generally between 30 seconds and 5 minutes.

Anschließend wird diese Mischung mit einer wässrigen Lösung eines oder mehrerer Ammoniumnitrile bei Temperaturen von ca. 20 bis 80°C befeuchtet. Anschließend wird granuliert, getrocknet und gesiebt, wie zuvor angegeben.Subsequently, this mixture is moistened with an aqueous solution of one or more ammonium nitriles at temperatures of about 20 to 80 ° C. It is then granulated, dried and sieved as indicated above.

Gemäß einer zweiten Variante kann man auch so vorgehen, dass man Bindemittel und/oder saure Additive in die wässrige Lösung des/der Ammoniumnitrile(s) gibt und die wässrige Lösung auf den/die weiteren Bleichaktivator(en) aufsprüht. Naturgemäß kann man auch das/die Bindemittel mit dem/den weiteren Bleichaktivator(en) vormischen und mit der Lösung des/der Ammoniumnitrile(s), welche saure Additive enthält, besprühen oder man verfährt umgekehrt, indem man den/die weiteren Bleichaktivator(en) mit den sauren Additiven vormischt und das/die Bindemittel innerhalb der wässrigen Lösung des/der Ammoniumnitrile(s) aufsprüht. In allen Varianten kann die wässrige Lösung des/der Ammoniumnitrile(s) noch anionische Komponenten, insbesondere Alkansulfonate, Alkylarylsulfonate, Arylsulfonate, insbesondere Cumol-, Xylol-, Toluolsulfonat, Alkylethersulfate , Alkylsulfate, α-Olefinsulfonate und Seifen in Gewichtsteilen von 0 bis 3, bevorzugt 0,5 bis 2, besonders bevorzugt 1 bis 2 bezogen auf das im Co-Granulat enthaltene Ammoniumnitril enthalten.
Die Herstellung kann auch in der Weise erfolgen, daß alle Komponenten trocken vermischt und anschließend das Gemisch unter Wasserzugabe granuliert wird. In einer weiteren Variante kann ein Gemisch aus trockenen Komponenten mit einem oder mehreren wasserfeuchten Feststoff(en) vermengt und granuliert werden.
According to a second variant, it is also possible to add binders and / or acidic additives to the aqueous solution of ammonium nitrile (s) and to spray the aqueous solution onto the further bleach activator (s). Naturally, the binder (s) can also be premixed with the further bleach activator (s) and sprayed with the solution of the ammonium nitrile (s) containing acidic additives or, conversely, by passing the further bleach activator (s) ) is premixed with the acidic additives and the binder (s) sprayed within the aqueous solution of the / Ammoniumnitrile (s). In all variants, the aqueous solution of ammonium nitrile (s) may also contain anionic components, in particular alkanesulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, arylsulfonates, in particular cumene, xylene, toluenesulfonate, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, α-olefinsulfonates and soaps in parts by weight of from 0 to 3, preferably 0.5 to 2, more preferably 1 to 2, based on the ammonium nitrile contained in the co-granules.
The preparation can also be carried out in such a way that all components are mixed dry and then the mixture is granulated with addition of water. In a further variant, a mixture of dry components with one or more water-moist solid (s) can be mixed and granulated.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform können die so erhaltenen Co-Granulate selbst, insbesondere aber der anfallende Feinanteil, sowie der pulverförmig vermahlene Grobanteil als Trägermaterial verwendet werden auf das wiederum unter intensivem Durchmischen wässrige Nitrilquat-Lösung zudosiert wird. Dieser Vorgang ist im Rahmen der physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften der resultierenden Co-Granulate beliebig wiederholbar.In a preferred embodiment, the resulting co-granules themselves, but in particular the resulting fines, as well as the pulverulent milled coarse fraction can be used as the carrier material to which in turn with intensive mixing aqueous nitrile quat solution is metered. This process is freely repeatable within the physico-chemical properties of the resulting co-granules.

Die erfindungsgemäß erhaltenen Co-Granulate sind direkt zum Einsatz in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln geeignet. In einer besonders bevorzugten Verwendungsform können sie jedoch nach an sich bekannten Verfahren mit einer Coatinghülle versehen werden. Hierzu wird das Co-Granulat in einem zusätzlichen Schritt mit einer filmbildenden Substanz umhüllt, wodurch die Produkteigenschaften erheblich beeinflusst werden können.The co-granules obtained according to the invention are suitable directly for use in detergents and cleaners. In a particularly preferred form of use, however, they can be provided with a coating shell according to methods known per se. For this purpose, the co-granules are coated in an additional step with a film-forming substance, whereby the product properties can be significantly influenced.

Als Coatingmittel geeignet sind alle filmbildenden Substanzen, wie Wachse, Silikone, Fettsäuren, Fettalkohole, Seifen, anionische Tenside, nichtionische Tenside, kationische Tenside, anionische und kationische Polymere, Polyethylenglykole sowie Polyalkylenglykole.Suitable coating agents are all film-forming substances, such as waxes, silicones, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, soaps, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic and cationic polymers, polyethylene glycols and polyalkylene glycols.

Bevorzugt werden Coatingsubstanzen mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 30 - 100°C verwendet. Beispiele hierfür sowie ein Verfahren zur Aufbringung werden in EP-A-0 835 926 beschrieben. Das Aufbringen der Coatingmaterialien erfolgt in der Regel durch Aufsprühen der geschmolzenen oder in einem Lösemittel gelösten Coatingmaterialien. Das Coatingmaterial kann in Mengen von 0 bis 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 5 bis 15 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht, auf den erfindungsgemäßen Granulatkern aufgebracht werden.Preference is given to using coating substances having a melting point of 30-100 ° C. Examples thereof as well as a method of application are disclosed in EP-A-0 835 926 described. The application of the coating materials is usually carried out by spraying the molten or dissolved in a solvent coating materials. The coating material can be applied in amounts of 0 to 30 wt .-%, preferably from 5 to 15 wt .-%, based on the total weight, on the granule core according to the invention.

Durch Verwendung dieser Coatingmaterialien kann die Lagerstabilität und Hygroskopizität weiter verbessert werden und die Reaktionskinetik kann gezielt beeinflusst werden, um auf diese Weise Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Bleichaktivator und dem Enzymsystem zu Beginn des Waschprozesses zu unterbinden.By using these coating materials, the storage stability and hygroscopicity can be further improved and the reaction kinetics can be specifically influenced so as to prevent interactions between the bleach activator and the enzyme system at the beginning of the washing process.

Darüber hinaus können die erfindungsgemäßen Co-Granulate noch weitere geeignete Zusätze enthalten, wie anionische und nichtionische Tenside, die zu einer schnelleren Auflösung der erfindungsgemäßen Co-Granulate beitragen, und Bleichmittelstabilisatoren wie beispielsweise Phosphonate und Polyphosphonate. Bevorzugte anionische Tenside sind Alkalisalze, Ammoniumsalze, Aminsalze und Salze von Aminoalkoholen von folgenden Verbindungen: Alkylethersulfate, Alkylamidsulfate und -ethersulfate, Alkylarylpolyethersulfate, Monoglyceridsulfate, Alkylamidsulfonate, Alkylsulfosuccinate, Alkylethersulfosuccinate, Alkylamidsulfosuccinate, Alkylsulfoacetate, Alkylpolyglycerin-carboxylate, Alkylphosphate, Alkyletherphosphaten, Alkylsarcosinate, Alkylpolypeptidate, Alkylamidopolypeptidate, Alkylisethionate, Alkyltaurate, Alkylpolyglykolethercarbonsäuren oder Fettsäuren, wie Oleinsäure, Ricinoleinsäure, Palmitinsäure, Stearinsäure, Kopraölsäuresalz oder hydrierte Kopraölsäuresalze. Der Alkylrest all dieser Verbindungen enthält normalerweise 8 - 32, vorzugsweise 8 - 22 C-Atome.In addition, the co-granules of the invention may contain other suitable additives, such as anionic and nonionic surfactants, which contribute to a faster dissolution of the co-granules of the invention, and bleach stabilizers such as phosphonates and polyphosphonates. Preferred anionic surfactants are alkali metal salts, ammonium salts, amine salts and salts of amino alcohols of the following compounds: alkyl ether sulfates, alkylamide sulfates and ether sulfates, alkylaryl polyether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, alkylamide sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether sulfosuccinates, alkylamide sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfoacetates, alkylpolyglycerol carboxylates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl polypeptides, Alkylamidopolypeptidates, alkylisethionates, alkyltaurates, alkylpolyglycolethercarboxylic acids or fatty acids, such as oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, coconut oil acid salt or hydrogenated coconut oil acid salts. The alkyl radical of all these compounds normally contains 8-32, preferably 8-22 C atoms.

Als nichtionische Tenside werden polyethoxylierte, polypropoxylierte oder polyglycerinierte Ether von Fettalkoholen, polyethoxilierte, polypropoxylierte und polyglycerinierte Fettsäureester, polyethoxylierte Ester von Fettsäuren und von Sorbit, polyethoxilierte oder polyglycerinierte Fettamide bevorzugt. Ebenfalls geeignete Zusätze sind Komplexbildner und Übergangsmetallkomplexe, z.B. Eisen-, Cobalt- bzw. Mangan-haltige Metallkomplexe wie in EP-A-0 458 397 und EP-A-0 458 398 beschrieben.Preferred nonionic surfactants are polyethoxylated, polypropoxylated or polyglycerolated ethers of fatty alcohols, polyethoxylated, polypropoxylated and polyglycerolated fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated esters of fatty acids and of sorbitol, polyethoxylated or polyglycerolated fatty amides. Also suitable additives are complexing agents and transition metal complexes, such as iron, cobalt or manganese-containing metal complexes as in EP-A-0 458 397 and EP-A-0 458 398 described.

Weitere mögliche Zusätze sind Stoffe, die in der Waschlauge mit der aus dem Aktivator freigesetzten Peroxicarbonsäure unter Bildung reaktiver Zwischenstufen, wie Dioxiranen oder Oxaziridinen, reagieren und auf diese Weise die Reaktivität erhöhen können. Entsprechende Verbindungen sind Ketone und Sulfonimine entsprechend US-A-3 822 114 und EP-A-O 446 982 .Further possible additives are substances which react with the peroxycarboxylic acid released from the activator in the wash liquor to form reactive intermediates, such as dioxiranes or oxaziridines, and in this way can increase the reactivity. Corresponding compounds are correspondingly ketones and sulfonimines US-A-3 822 114 and EP-A-0 446 982 ,

Die Menge des Zusatzstoffes richtet sich insbesondere nach seiner Art. So werden acidifizierende Zusätze und organische Aktivatoren zur Leistungssteigerung der Persäure in Mengen von 0 bis 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere in Mengen von 1 bis 10 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht, zugesetzt, Metallkomplexe hingegen in Konzentrationen im ppm Bereich.The amount of the additive depends in particular on its nature. Thus, acidifying additives and organic activators to increase the performance of the peracid in amounts of 0 to 20 wt .-%, in particular in amounts of 1 to 10 wt .-%, based on the total weight, added, metal complexes in concentrations in the ppm range.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Co-Granulate zeichnen sich durch eine sehr gute Lagerstabilität in pulverförmigen Wasch-, Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsmittelformulierungen aus. Sie sind ideal zum Einsatz in Vollwaschmitteln, Fleckensalzen, Maschinengeschirrspülmitteln, pulverförmigen Allzweckreinigern und Gebissreinigern.The co-granules according to the invention are distinguished by a very good storage stability in pulverulent washing, cleaning and disinfectant formulations. They are ideal for use in heavy-duty detergents, stain salts, machine dishwashing detergents, powdered all-purpose cleaners and denture cleaners.

In diesen Formulierungen werden die erfindungsgemäßen Co-Granulate in Kombination mit einer Wasserstoffperoxidquelle eingesetzt. Beispiele hierfür sind Perborat-Monohydrat, Perborat-Tetrahydrat, Percarbonate, Alkalipersulfate, -persilikate und -percitrate, wobei Natrium das bevorzugte Alkalimetall ist, sowie Wasserstoffperoxid-Addukte an Harnstoff oder Aminoxiden. Zusätzlich oder alternativ können Peroxycarbonsäuren, zum Beispiel Dodecandipersäure oder Phthalimidopercarbonsäuren, die gegebenenfalls am Aromaten substituiert sein können, enthalten sein. Der Zusatz geringer Mengen bekannter Bleichmittelstabilisatoren wie beispielsweise von Phosphonaten, Boraten, beziehungsweise Metaboraten und Metasilikaten, sowie Magnesiumsalzen wie Magnesiumsulfat kann vorteilhaft sein.In these formulations, the co-granules according to the invention are used in combination with a source of hydrogen peroxide. Examples include perborate monohydrate, perborate tetrahydrate, percarbonates, alkali persulfates, persilicates and percitrates, with sodium being the preferred alkali metal, as well as hydrogen peroxide adducts of urea or amine oxides. Additionally or alternatively, peroxycarboxylic acids, for example dodecanedioic acid or phthalimidopercarboxylic acids, which may optionally be substituted on the aromatic, may be present. The addition of small amounts known Bleach stabilizers such as phosphonates, borates, or metaborates and metasilicates, and magnesium salts such as magnesium sulfate may be advantageous.

Daneben kann die Formulierung dem Stand der Technik entsprechend weitere Waschmittelbestandteile aufweisen, wie Tenside nichtionischer, anionischer, kationischer oder amphoterer Natur, organische und anorganische Builder und Co-Builder, Enzyme, Bleichaktivatoren, Bleichkatalysatoren, Salze, optische Aufheller, Vergrauungsinhibitoren, Schauminhibitoren, Sequestriermittel sowie Duft- und Farbstoffe.In addition, the formulation according to the prior art may comprise other detergent ingredients such as surfactants of nonionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric nature, organic and inorganic builders and co-builders, enzymes, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, salts, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, foam inhibitors, sequestering agents and Fragrances and dyes.

Bevorzugte nichtionische Tenside sind Fettalkoholoxethylate mit ca. 1 bis ca. 25 mol Ethylenoxid. Die Alkylkette der aliphatischen Alkohole kann linear oder verzweigt, primär oder sekundär sein, und enthält im allgemeinen von 8 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatome. Besonders bevorzugt sind die Kondensationsprodukte von Alkoholen, die eine Alkylkette von 10 bis 20 Kohlenstoffen enthalten, mit 2 bis 18 mol Ethylenoxid pro mol Alkohol. Die Alkylkette kann gesättigt oder auch ungesättigt sein. Ebenso können die Alkoholethoxylate eine enge Homologenverteilung des Ethylenoxides ("Narrow Range Ethoxylates") oder eine breite Homologenverteilung des Ethylenoxides ("Broad Range Ethoxylates") aufweisen. Beispiele von kommerziell erhältlichen nichtionischen Tensiden dieses Types sind Tergitol 15-S-9 (Kondensationsprodukt eines C11-C15 linearen sekundären Alkohols mit 9 mol Ethylenoxid), Tergitol 24-L-NMW (Kondensationsprodukt eines C12-C14 linearen primären Alkohols mit 6 mol Ethylenoxid mit enger Molgewichtsverteilung). Ebenfalls unter diese Produktklasse fallen die Genapol-Marken der Clariant GmbH.Preferred nonionic surfactants are fatty alcohol ethoxylates containing from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide. The alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohols may be linear or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are the condensation products of alcohols containing an alkyl chain of 10 to 20 carbons with 2 to 18 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. The alkyl chain can be saturated or unsaturated. Likewise, the alcohol ethoxylates may have a narrow homolog distribution of the ethylene oxide ("narrow range ethoxylates") or a broad homolog distribution of the ethylene oxide ("broad range ethoxylates"). Examples of commercially available nonionic surfactants of this type are Tergitol 15-S-9 (condensation product of a C11-C15 linear secondary alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide), Tergitol 24-L-NMW (condensation product of a C 12 -C 14 linear primary alcohol with 6 moles of ethylene oxide with narrow molecular weight distribution). Also included in this product class are the Genapol brands from Clariant GmbH.

Darüber hinaus kommen auch andere bekannte Typen von nichtionischen Tensiden in Frage, wie Polyethylen-, Polypropylen-, Polybutylen- und Polypentylenoxidaddukte von Fettalkoholen mit 8 - 22 C-Atomen und Alkylphenolen mit 6 bis 12 C-Atomen in der Alkylkette, Additionsprodukte von Ethylenoxid mit einer hydrophoben Base, gebildet aus der Kondensation von Propylenoxid mit Propylenglykol oder Additionsprodukte von Ethylenoxid mit einem Reaktionsprodukt von Propylenoxid und Ethylendiamin.In addition, other known types of nonionic surfactants in question, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene and Polypentylenoxidaddukte of fatty alcohols having 8-22 carbon atoms and alkylphenols having 6 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, addition products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed from the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol or addition products of ethylene oxide with a reaction product of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine.

Des weiteren können semipolare nichtionische Tenside, beispielsweise Aminoxide eingesetzt werden.
Als Aminoxide kommen besonders C10-C18-Alkyldimethylaminoxide und C8-C12-Alkoxyethyl-Dihydroxyethylaminoxide in Frage.
Als anionische Tenside kommen in Betracht vor allem geradkettige und verzweigte Alkylsulfate, -sulfonate, -carboxylate, -phosphate, Alkylestersulfonate, Arylalkylsulfonate, Alkylethersulfate und Mischungen aus den genannten Verbindungen. Im folgenden sollen einige der in Frage kommenden Typen von anionischen Tensiden näher beschrieben werden.
Furthermore, it is possible to use semipolar nonionic surfactants, for example amine oxides.
Suitable amine oxides are in particular C 10 -C 18 -alkyldimethylamine oxides and C 8 -C 12 -alkoxyethyl-dihydroxyethylamine oxides.
Suitable anionic surfactants are, in particular, straight-chain and branched alkyl sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates, phosphates, alkyl ester sulfonates, arylalkyl sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates and mixtures of the abovementioned compounds. In the following, some of the candidate types of anionic surfactants will be described in more detail.

AlkylestersulfonateAlkyl

Alkylestersulfonate stellen lineare Ester von C8-C20-Carboxylsäuren (d.h. Fettsäuren) dar, die durch SO3 sulfoniert werden, wie in " The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society", 52 (1975), pp. 323-329 beschrieben. Geeignete Ausgangsmaterialien sind natürliche Fettderivate, wie z.B. Talg- oder Palmölfettsäure.Alkyl ester sulfonates are linear esters of C 8 -C 20 carboxylic acids (ie, fatty acids) which are sulfonated by SO 3 as described in U.S. Pat. The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 52 (1975), pp. 323-329 described. Suitable starting materials are natural fatty derivatives, such as tallow or palm oil fatty acid.

Alkylsulfatealkyl sulfates

Alkylsulfate sind wasserlösliche Salze oder Säuren der Formel ROSO3M, worin R bevorzugt einen C10-C24-Kohlenwasserstoffrest, bevorzugt einen Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest mit 10 bis 20 C-Atomen, besonders bevorzugt einen C12-C18-Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest darstellt. M ist Wasserstoff oder ein Kation, z.B. ein Alkalimetallkation (z.B. Natrium, Kalium, Lithium) oder Ammonium oder substituiertes Ammonium, z.B. ein Methyl-, Dimethyl- und Trimethylammoniumkation oder ein quaternäres Ammoniumkation, wie Tetramethylammonium- und Dimethylpiperidiniumkation und quatäre Ammoniumkationen, abgeleitet von Alkylaminen wie Ethylamin, Diethylamin, Triethylamin und deren Mischungen. Alkylketten mit C12-C16 sind dabei bevorzugt für niedrige Waschtemperaturen (z.B. unter ca. 50°C) und Alkylketten mit C16-C18 bevorzugt für höhere Waschtemperaturen (z.B. oberhalb ca. 50°C).Alkyl sulfates are water-soluble salts or acids of the formula ROSO 3 M, wherein R preferably has a C 10 -C 24 -hydrocarbon radical, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 10 to 20 C atoms, particularly preferably a C 12 -C 18 -alkyl or Represents hydroxyalkyl. M is hydrogen or a cation, for example an alkali metal cation (eg sodium, potassium, lithium) or ammonium or substituted ammonium, for example a methyl, dimethyl and trimethylammonium cation or a quaternary ammonium cation, such as tetramethylammonium and dimethylpiperidinium cation and quaternary ammonium cations, derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine and mixtures thereof. Alkyl chains with C 12 -C 16 are preferred for low washing temperatures (eg below about 50 ° C) and alkyl chains with C 16 -C 18 preferably for higher washing temperatures (eg above about 50 ° C).

Alkylethersulfatealkyl ether

Die Alkylethersulfate sind wasserlösliche Salze oder Säuren der Formel RO(A)mSO3M, worin R einen unsubstituierten C10-C24-Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest mit 10 bis 24 C-Atomen, bevorzugt einen C12-C20-Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest, besonders bevorzugt einen C12-C18-Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest darstellt. A ist eine Ethoxy- oder Propoxyeinheit, m ist eine Zahl von größer als 0, typischerweise zwischen ca. 0,5 und ca. 6, besonders bevorzugt zwischen ca. 0,5 und ca. 3 und M ist ein Wasserstoffatom oder ein Kation wie z.B. ein Metallkation (z.B. Natrium, Kalium, Lithium, Calcium, Magnesium, etc.), Ammonium oder ein substituiertes Ammoniumkation. Beispiele für substituierte Ammoniumkationen sind Methyl-, Dimethyl-, Trimethylammonium- und quaternäre Ammoniumkationen wie Tetramethylammonium und Dimethylpiperidiniumkationen, sowie solche, die von Alkylaminen, wie Ethylamin, Diethylamin, Triethylamin, Mischungen davon und ähnliche, abgeleitet sind. Als Beispiele seien genannt C12-C18-Alkyl-polyethoxylat-(1,0)-sulfat, C12-C18-Alkyl-polyethoxylat (2,25)sulfat, C12-C18-Alkyl-polyethoxylat (3,0)sulfat, C12-C18-Alkyl-polyethoxylat (4,0)sulfat, wobei das Kation Natrium oder Kalium ist.The alkyl ether sulfates are water-soluble salts or acids of the formula RO (A) m SO 3 M, where R is an unsubstituted C 10 -C 24 -alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 10 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably a C 12 -C 20 -alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical, more preferably a C 12 -C 18 -alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical. A is an ethoxy or propoxy moiety, m is a number greater than 0, typically between about 0.5 and about 6, more preferably between about 0.5 and about 3, and M is a hydrogen atom or a cation such as for example, a metal cation (eg, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), ammonium, or a substituted ammonium cation. Examples of substituted ammonium cations are methyl, dimethyl, trimethylammonium and quaternary ammonium cations such as tetramethylammonium and dimethylpiperidinium cations, as well as those derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof and the like. Examples which may be mentioned are C 12 -C 18 -alkyl polyethoxylate (1.0) sulfate, C 12 -C 18 -alkyl polyethoxylate (2,25) sulfate, C 12 -C 18 -alkyl polyethoxylate (3, 0) sulfate, C 12 -C 18 alkyl polyethoxylate (4.0) sulfate, wherein the cation is sodium or potassium.

Andere anionische Tenside, die nützlich für den Einsatz in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln sind, sind C8-C24-Olefinsulfonate, sulfonierte Polycarboxylsäuren, hergestellt durch Sulfonierung der Pyrolyseprodukte von Erdalkalimetallcitraten, wie z.B. beschrieben im britischen Patent GB 1,082,179 , Alkylglycerinsulfate, Fettacylglycerinsulfate, Oleylglycerinsulfate, Alkylphenolethersulfate, lineare oder verzweigte Alkylbenzolsulfonate, primäre und sekundäre Paraffinsulfonate, Alkylphosphate, Alkyletherphosphate, Isethionate, wie Acylisethionate, N-Acyltauride, Alkylsuccinamate, Sulfosuccinate, Monoester der Sulfosuccinate (besonders gesättigte und ungesättigte C12-C18-Monoester) und Diester der Sulfosuccinate (besonders gesättigte und ungesättigte C12-C18-Diester), Acylsarcosinate, Sulfate von Alkylpolysacchariden wie Sulfate von Alkylpolyglycosiden, verzweigte primäre Alkylsulfate und Alkylpolyethoxycarboxylate wie die der Formel RO(CH2CH2)kCH2COO-M+ worin R ein C8-C22Alkyl, k eine Zahl von 0 bis 10 und M ein lösliches Salz bildendes Kation ist. Harzsäuren oder hydrierte Harzsäuren, wie Rosin oder hydriertes Rosin oder Tallölharze und Tallölharzsäuren sind ebenfalls einsetzbar. Weitere Beispiele sind in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I und II, Schwartz, Perry und Berch) beschrieben. Eine Vielzahl solcher Tenside sind auch im US-Patent 3,929,678 beansprucht.Other anionic surfactants useful in detergents and cleaners are C 8 -C 24 olefin sulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids prepared by sulfonation of pyrolysis products of alkaline earth metal citrates, as described, for example, in US Pat British Patent GB 1,082,179 , Alkyl glycerol sulfates, fatty acyl glycerol sulfates, oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ether sulfates, linear or branched alkyl benzene sulfonates, primary and secondary paraffin sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, isethionates such as acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurides, alkyl succinamates, sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated C 12 -C 18 ). Monoesters) and diesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated C 12 -C 18 diesters), acyl sarcosinates, sulfates of alkyl polysaccharides such as sulfates of alkyl polyglycosides, branched primary alkyl sulfates and alkyl polyethoxycarboxylates such as those of the formula RO (CH 2 CH 2 ) k CH 2 COO - M + wherein R is a C 8 -C 22 alkyl, k is a number from 0 to 10 and M is a soluble salt-forming cation. Resin acids or hydrogenated resin acids such as rosin or hydrogenated rosin or tall oil resins and tall oil rosin acids are also useful. Further examples are described in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and II, Schwartz, Perry and Berch). A variety of such surfactants are also in U.S. Patent 3,929,678 claimed.

Beispiele für amphotere Tenside, die in den Formulierungen der vorliegenden Erfindung Einsatz finden können, sind vor allem solche, die breit als Derivate von aliphatischen sekundären and tertiären Aminen beschrieben werden, in denen der aliphatische Rest linear oder verzweigt sein kann und in denen einer der aliphatischen Substituenten zwischen 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatome enthält und eine anionische, wasserlösliche Gruppe, wie z.B. Carboxy, Sulfonat, Sulfat, Phosphat oder Phosphonat enthält.Examples of amphoteric surfactants which can be used in the formulations of the present invention are, above all, those which are broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be linear or branched and in which one of the aliphatic radicals Substituents containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an anionic, water-soluble group, such as Carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate contains.

Bevorzugte amphotere Tenside sind Monocarboxylate und Dicarboxylate wie Cocoamphocarboxypropionat, Cocoamidocarboxypropionsäure, Cocoamphocarboxyglycinat (oder auch als Cocoamphodiacetat bezeichnet) und Cocoamphoacetat.Preferred amphoteric surfactants are monocarboxylates and dicarboxylates such as cocoamphocarboxypropionate, cocoamidocarboxypropionic acid, cocoamphocarboxyglycinate (also referred to as cocoamphodiacetate) and cocoamphoacetate.

Weitere bevorzugte amphotere Tenside sind Alkyldimethylbetaine, Alkylamidobetaine und Alkyldipolyethoxybetaine mit einem Alkylrest, der linear oder verzweigt sein kann, mit 8 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, bevorzugt mit 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und besonders bevorzugt mit 12 bis. 18 Kohlenstoffatomen. Diese Verbindungen werden z.B. von der Clariant GmbH unter dem Handelnamen Genagen® CAB und LAB vermarktet.Further preferred amphoteric surfactants are alkyl dimethyl betaines, alkylamido betaines and alkyl dipolyethoxy betaines having an alkyl radical which may be linear or branched, having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and more preferably from 12 to. 18 carbon atoms. These compounds are for example marketed by Clariant GmbH under the trade name Genagen ® CAB and LAB.

Typische Beispiele für kationische Tenside sind quartäre Ammoniumverbindungen, Esterquats, Etherquats, Hydroxyethylquats, ethoxylierte Quats, insbesondere quaternierte Fettsäurealkanolaminester-Salze und Dialkylaminopropylaminester-Salze.Typical examples of cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds, ester quats, ether quats, hydroxyethyl quats, ethoxylated quats, in particular quaternized fatty acid alkanolamine ester salts and dialkylaminopropylamine ester salts.

Als organische und anorganische Gerüststoffe eignen sich neutral oder insbesondere alkalisch reagierende Salze, die Calciumionen auszufällen oder komplex zu binden vermögen. Geeignete und insbesondere ökologisch unbedenkliche Buildersubstanzen, wie feinkristalline, synthetische wasserhaltige Zeolithe von Typ NaA, die ein Calciumbindevermögen im Bereich von 100 bis 200 mg CaO/g aufweisen, finden eine bevorzugte Verwendung. Neben Zeolith werden auch bevorzugt Schichtsilikate und amorphe Silikate eingesetzt. Ebenso geeignet sind Alkaliphosphate, die in Form ihrer alkalischen, neutralen oder sauren Natrium- oder Kaliumsalze vorliegen können. Beispiele hierfür sind Trinatriumphosphat, Tetranatriumdiphosphat, Dinatriumdihydrogendiphosphat, Pentanatriumtriphosphat, sogenanntes Natriumhexametaphosphat, oligomerers Trinatriumphosphat mit Oligomerisierungsgraden von 5 bis 1000, insbesondere 5 bis 50, sowie Gemische aus Natrium- und Kaliumsalzen.
Brauchbare organische Gerüstsubstanzen sind beispielsweise die bevorzugt in Form ihrer Natriumsalze eingesetzten Carbonsäuren, wie Citronensäure, Nitriloacetat (NTA) sowie Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure, sofern ein derartiger Einsatz aus ökologischen Gründen nicht zu beanstanden ist und Phosphon- und Polyphosphonsäuren . Analog hierzu können auch polymere Carboxylate und deren Salze eingesetzt werden. Hierzu gehören beispielsweise die Salze homopolymerer oder copolymerer Polyacrylate, Polymethacrylate und insbesondere Copolymere der Acrylsäure mit Maleinsäure, vorzugsweise solche aus 50 % bis 10 % Maleinsäure, sowie Polyasparaginsäure und auch Polyvinylpyrrolidon und Urethane. Die relative Molekülmasse der Homopolymeren liegt im allgemeinen zwischen 1000 und 100 000, die der Copolymeren zwischen 2000 und 200 000, vorzugsweise 50 000 bis 120 000, bezogen auf die freie Säure, insbesondere sind auch wasserlösliche Polyacrylate geeignet, die beispielsweise mit etwa 1 % eines Polyallylethers der Sucrose quervernetzt sind und die eine relative Molekülmasse oberhalb einer Million besitzen. Beispiele hierfür sind die unter dem Namen Carbopol 940 und 941 erhältlichen Polymere.
Suitable organic and inorganic builders are neutral or, in particular, alkaline salts which are able to precipitate or complex calcium ions. Suitable and in particular ecologically acceptable builder substances, such as fine-crystalline, synthetic hydrous zeolites of the NaA type, which have a calcium binding capacity in the range from 100 to 200 mg CaO / g, find a preferred use. In addition to zeolite, it is also preferred to use sheet silicates and amorphous silicates. Also suitable are alkali metal phosphates, which may be in the form of their alkaline, neutral or acidic sodium or potassium salts. examples for this are Trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, so-called sodium hexametaphosphate, oligomeric trisodium phosphate with degrees of oligomerization of 5 to 1000, in particular 5 to 50, and mixtures of sodium and potassium salts.
Useful organic builders are, for example, the carboxylic acids preferably used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid, nitriloacetate (NTA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, if such use is unobjectionable for ecological reasons and phosphonic and polyphosphonic acids. Analogously, it is also possible to use polymeric carboxylates and their salts. These include, for example, the salts of homopolymeric or copolymeric polyacrylates, polymethacrylates and in particular copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, preferably those of 50% to 10% maleic acid, as well as polyaspartic acid and also polyvinylpyrrolidone and urethanes. The molecular weight of the homopolymers is generally between 1000 and 100,000, those of the copolymers between 2000 and 200,000, preferably 50,000 to 120,000, based on the free acid, in particular water-soluble polyacrylates are suitable, for example, about 1% of a Polyallylethers of sucrose are cross-linked and have a molecular weight above one million. Examples of these are the polymers available under the name Carbopol 940 and 941.

Als Enzyme kommen solche aus der Klasse der Proteasen, Lipasen, Amylasen, Pullinasen, Cutinasen, und Cellulasen bzw. deren Gemische in Frage. An Proteasen stehen zur Verfügung BLAP®, Opticlean®, Maxacal®, Maxapem®, Esperase®, Savinase®, Purafect®, OxP und/oder Duraxym®, an Amylasen Termamyl®, Amylase-LT®, Maxamyl®, Duramyl® und/oder Pruafect® OxAm, an Lipasen Lipolase®, Lipomax®, Lumafast® und/oder Lipozym®.
Die Enzyme können an Trägersubstanzen adsorbiert werden und/oder in Hüllsubstanzen eingebettet sein.
Suitable enzymes are those from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, pullinases, cutinases, and cellulases or mixtures thereof. Proteases available BLAP ®, Opti Clean ®, Maxacal ®, Maxapem ®, Esperase ®, Savinase ®, Purafect ®, OxP and / or Duraxym ®, of amylases Termamyl ®, amylase LT ®, Maxamyl ®, Duramyl ® and / or Pruafect ® OxAm to lipases Lipolase ®, Lipomax ®, Lumafast ® and / or Lipozym ®.
The enzymes can be adsorbed to carrier substances and / or embedded in encapsulating substances.

Neben den erfindungsgemäßen Co-Granulaten können zusätzlich bekannte konventionelle Bleichaktivatoren eingesetzt werden. Geeignet sind Substanzen, die O- und/ oder N-Acylgruppen und/ oder gegebenenfalls Benzoylgruppen tragen. Bevorzugt sind mehrfach acylierte Alkylendiamine, insbesondere N,N,N',N'-Tetraacetylethylendiamin (TAED), acylierte Triazinderivate, insbesondere 1,5-Diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazin (DADHT), acylierte Glykolurile, insbesondere Tetraacetylglykoluril (TAGU), N-Acylimide, insbesondere N-Nonanoylsuccinimid (NOSI), Carbonsäureanhydride, insbesondere Phthalsäureanhydrid, acylierte mehrwertige Alkohole, insbesondere Triacetin, Ethylenglykoldiacetat, 2,5-Diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran, Enolester, sowie acetyliertes Sorbitol und Mannitol, acylierte Zuckerderivate, insbesondere Pentaacetylglucose (PAG), Pentaacetylfructose, Tetraacetylxylose und Octaacetyllactose, sowie acetyliertes, gegebenefalls N-alkyliertes Glucamin und Gluconolacton, und/ oder N-acylierte Lactame, beispielsweise N-Benzoylcaprolactam. Desweiteren eignen sich Glucosepentaacetat (GPA), Xylosetetraacetat (TAX), Nonanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (NOBS), Natrium-4-benzoyloxybenzolsulfonat (SBOBS), Natriumtrimethylhexanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (STHOBS), Tetraacetylcyansäure (TACA), Di-N-acetyldimethylglyoxin (ADMG) und 1-Phenyl-3-acetylhydantoin (PAH), Nonanoylcaprolactamphenylsulfonatester (APES), Nonanoylphenylsulphonatester (NOPS), Nitrilotriacetat (NTA), sowie quaternäre Ammoniumnitrilverbindungen in Betracht.In addition to the co-granules according to the invention, it is additionally possible to use known conventional bleach activators. Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups and / or optionally benzoyl groups. Preference is given to polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI ), Carboxylic acid anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate, 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran, enol ester, as well as acetylated sorbitol and mannitol, acylated sugar derivatives, in particular pentaacetylglucose (PAG), pentaacetylfructose, tetraacetylxylose and octaacetyllactose and acetylated, optionally N-alkylated glucamine and gluconolactone, and / or N-acylated lactams, for example N-benzoyl-caprolactam. Also suitable are glucose pentaacetate (GPA), xylose tetraacetate (TAX), nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS), sodium 4-benzoyloxybenzenesulfonate (SBOBS), sodium trimethylhexanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (STHOBS), tetraacetylcyanoic acid (TACA), di-N-acetyldimethylglyoxine (ADMG) and 1-phenyl- 3-acetylhydantoin (PAH), nonanoyl-caprolactam phenylsulfonate ester (APES), nonanoylphenylsulphonate ester (NOPS), nitrilotriacetate (NTA), and quaternary ammonium nitrile compounds.

Zusätzlich zu den oben aufgeführten Bleichaktivatoren oder auch an deren Stelle können die Waschmittelformulierungen auch die aus EP 446 982 und EP 453 003 bekannten Sulfonimine und/oder bleichverstärkende Übergangsmetallsalze bzw. Übergangsmetallkomplexe als sogenannte Bleichkatalysatoren enthalten.In addition to the bleach activators listed above or in their place, the detergent formulations may also include EP 446 982 and EP 453 003 contain known sulfone imines and / or bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes as so-called bleach catalysts.

Als Salze bzw. Stellmittel kommen beispielsweise Natriumsulfat, Natriumcarbonat oder Natriumsilikat (Wasserglas) zum Einsatz.As salts or adjusting agents, for example, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate or sodium silicate (water glass) are used.

Weitere Bestandteile der Waschmittelformulierung können sein optische Aufheller, beispielsweise Derivate der Diaminostilbendisulfonsäure bzw. deren Alkalimetallsalze und Schauminhibitoren wie Fettsäurealkylesteralkoxylate, Organopolysiloxane und deren Gemische mit mikrofeiner, gegebenenfalls silanierter Kieselsäure sowie Paraffine, Wachse, Mikrokristallinwachse und deren Gemische mit silanierter Kieselsäure. Mit Vorteil können auch Gemische verschiedener Schauminhibitoren verwendet werden, z.B. solche aus Silikonöl, Paraffinöl oder Wachsen. Vorzugsweise sind Schauminhibitoren an eine granulare, in Wasser lösliche oder dispergierbare Trägersubstanz gebunden. Um Spuren von Schwermetallen zu binden, können die Salze von Polyphosphonsäuren, wie 1-Hydroxyethan-1,1-diphosphonsäure (HEDP), Ethylendiamintetramethylenphosphonsäure (EDTMP) und Diethylentriaminpentamethylenphosphonsäure (DTPMP) zugesetzt werden. Typische Einzelbeispiele für weitere Zusatzstoffe sind Natriumborat, Cellulose und Stärke sowie deren Ether oder Ester, Saccharose, Polydextrose und polymere Additive.Further constituents of the detergent formulation may be optical brighteners, for example derivatives of diaminostilbene disulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts and foam inhibitors such as fatty acid alkyl ester alkoxylates, organopolysiloxanes and mixtures thereof with microfine, optionally silanized silica and paraffins, waxes, microcrystalline waxes and their mixtures with silanated silica. It is also advantageous to use mixtures of different foam inhibitors, for example those of silicone oil, paraffin oil or waxes. Preferably, foam inhibitors are to a granular, in water soluble or dispersible carrier substance bound. In order to bind traces of heavy metals, the salts of polyphosphonic acids such as 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) and diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid (DTPMP) can be added. Typical individual examples of further additives are sodium borate, cellulose and starch and their ethers or esters, sucrose, polydextrose and polymeric additives.

Nachfolgende Beispiele sollen die Erfindung näher erläutern ohne sie darauf einzuschränken.The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without limiting it thereto.

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

Herstellung von TAED/CMC/N,N,N-Trimethyl-(N-nitrilomethyl)-ammonium-methosulfat - Co-GranulatPreparation of TAED / CMC / N, N, N-trimethyl- (N-nitrilomethyl) -ammonium methosulfate - Co-granules

1. Durchlauf:1st pass:

In einem Pflugscharmischer FKM 130 D, Fa. Lödige, wurden 18,6 kg Tetraacetylethylendiamin (TAED) und 1,4 kg Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) mit einer Mischwerkzeugdrehzahl von 135 U/min über einen Zeitraum von 5 min intensiv gemischt.
Anschließend wurde in den gleichen Pflugscharmischer bei einer Mischwerkzeugdrehzahl von 135 U/min und zugeschaltetem, rotierendem Messerkopf im mittleren Teil des Mischers bei einer Drehzahl von 2800 U/min auf diese Pulvervormischung eine wässrige Lösung bestehend aus 2,0 kg N,N,N-Trimethyl-(N-nitrilomethyl)-ammoniummethosulfat, 0,5 kg teilneutralisiertem Copolymer aus Acrylsäure und Maleinsäure, 2,4 kg Cumolsulfonat und 5,1 kg Wasser mit einer Temperatur von 75°C über einen Zeitraum von 10 min direkt auf den Messerkopf eindosiert und anschließend weitere 2 min nachgemischt und granuliert.
Das feuchte Granulat wurde dann in einen Wirbelschichttrockner überführt und mit Gaseingangstemperaturen von 100°C bis auf einen Restwassergehalt von 2 % getrocknet.
Man erhielt 6,9 kg Granulat mit einer Korngrößenverteilung von 500 - 1400 µ (Ausbeute: 27 %), sowie 10,9 kg Feinanteil < 500 µm und 7,6 kg Grobanteil > 1400 µ. Das Granulat mit der Korngröße von 500 - 1400 µ weist ein Schüttgewicht von ca. 490 g/l auf.
In a ploughshare mixer FKM 130 D, Lödige, 18.6 kg of tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) and 1.4 kg of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were intensively mixed at a mixing tool speed of 135 rpm for a period of 5 minutes.
Subsequently, in the same ploughshare mixer at a mixing tool speed of 135 rpm and a rotating cutter head in the middle part of the mixer at a speed of 2800 rpm, an aqueous solution consisting of 2.0 kg N, N, N was added to this powder premix. Trimethyl (N-nitrilomethyl) ammonium methosulfate, 0.5 kg partially neutralized copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid, 2.4 kg of cumene sulfonate and 5.1 kg of water at a temperature of 75 ° C over a period of 10 min directly metered onto the cutter head and then mixed for a further 2 min and granulated.
The moist granules were then transferred to a fluidized bed dryer and dried with gas inlet temperatures of 100 ° C to a residual water content of 2%.
This gave 6.9 kg granules with a particle size distribution of 500 - 1400 μ (yield: 27%), and 10.9 kg fines <500 microns and 7.6 kg coarse fraction > 1400 μ. The granules with the grain size of 500 - 1400 μ has a bulk density of about 490 g / l.

2. Durchlauf:2nd pass:

Der Grobanteil (7,6 kg über 1400 µ) aus dem 1. Durchlauf wurde mit einer FitzMill gemahlen und zusammen mit dem Feinanteil (10,9 kg unter 500 µ) aus dem 1. Durchlauf sowie 5,4 kg frischem TAED/CMC-(93:7)Gemisch erneut im Pflugscharmischer mit einer Mischwerkzeugdrehzahl von 135 U/min über einen Zeitraum von 5 min intensiv gemischt. Anschließend wurde in den gleichen Pflugscharmischer bei einer Mischwerkzeugdrehzahl von 135 U/min und zugeschaltetem, rotierendem Messerkopf im mittleren Teil des Mischers bei einer Drehzahl von 2800 U/min auf diese Pulvervormischung eine wässrige Lösung bestehend aus 2,0 kg N,N,N-Trimethyl-(N-nitrilomethyl)-ammoniummethosulfat, 0,5 kg teilneutralisiertem Copolymer aus Acrylsäure und Maleinsäure, 2,4 kg Cumolsulfonat und 5,1 kg Wasser mit einer Temperatur von 75°C über einen Zeitraum von 10 min direkt auf den Messerkopf eindosiert und anschließend weitere 2 min nachgemischt und granuliert.
Das feuchte Granulat wurde dann in einen Wirbelschichttrockner überführt und mit Gaseingangstemperaturen von 100°C auf einen Restwassergehalt von 2 % getrocknet.
Man erhielt 7,8 kg Granulat mit einer Korngrößenverteilung von 500- 1400 µ sowie 12,9 kg Feinanteil < 500 µm und 8,6 kg Grobanteil > 1400 µ. Das Granulat mit der Korngröße von 500 - 1400 µ weist ein Schüttgewicht von ca. 495 g/l auf.
The coarse fraction (7.6 kg over 1400 μ) from the first pass was ground with a FitzMill and, together with the fine fraction (10.9 kg under 500 μ) from the 1st pass and 5.4 kg fresh TAED / CMC. (93: 7) Mix mixture thoroughly again in the ploughshare mixer at a mixing tool speed of 135 rpm for a period of 5 minutes. Subsequently, in the same ploughshare mixer at a mixing tool speed of 135 rpm and a rotating cutter head in the middle part of the mixer at a speed of 2800 rpm, an aqueous solution consisting of 2.0 kg N, N, N was added to this powder premix. Trimethyl (N-nitrilomethyl) ammonium methosulfate, 0.5 kg partially neutralized copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid, 2.4 kg of cumene sulfonate and 5.1 kg of water at a temperature of 75 ° C over a period of 10 min directly metered onto the cutter head and then mixed for a further 2 min and granulated.
The moist granules were then transferred to a fluidized bed dryer and dried with gas inlet temperatures of 100 ° C to a residual water content of 2%.
This gave 7.8 kg of granules with a particle size distribution of 500-1400 μ and 12.9 kg fines <500 microns and 8.6 kg coarse fraction> 1400 μ. The granules with the grain size of 500 - 1400 μ has a bulk density of about 495 g / l.

3. Durchlauf:3rd pass:

Der Grobanteil (8,6 kg über 1400 µ) aus dem 2.Durchlauf wurde mit einer FitzMill gemahlen und zusammen mit dem Feinanteil (12,9 kg unter 500 µ) aus dem 2. Durchlauf sowie 5,4 kg frischem TAED/CMC-(93:7)Gemisch erneut im Pflugscharmischer mit einer Mischwerkzeugdrehzahl von 135 U/min über einen Zeitraum von 5 min intensiv gemischt. Anschließend wurde in den gleichen Pflugscharmischer bei einer Mischwerkzeugdrehzahl von 135 U/min und zugeschaltetem, rotierendem Messerkopf im mittleren Teil des Mischers bei einer Drehzahl von 2800 U/min auf diese Pulvervormischung eine wässrige Lösung bestehend aus 2,0 kg N,N,N-Trimethyl-(N-nitrilomethyl)-ammoniummethosulfat, 0,5 kg teilneutralisiertem Copolymer aus Acrylsäure und Maleinsäure, 2,4 kg Cumolsulfonat und 5,1 kg Wasser mit einer Temperatur von 75°C über einen Zeitraum von 10 min direkt auf den Messerkopf eindosiert und anschließend weitere 2 min nachgemischt und granuliert.
Das feuchte Granulat wurde dann in einen Wirbelschichttrockner überführt und mit Gaseingangstemperaturen von 100°C auf einen Restwassergehalt von 2 % getrocknet.
The coarse fraction (8.6 kg over 1400 μ) from the 2nd pass was ground with a FitzMill and, together with the fine fraction (12.9 kg under 500 μ) from the second pass and 5.4 kg fresh TAED / CMC. (93: 7) Mix mixture thoroughly again in the ploughshare mixer at a mixing tool speed of 135 rpm for a period of 5 minutes. Subsequently, in the same ploughshare mixer at a mixing tool speed of 135 rpm and a rotating cutter head in the middle part of the mixer at a speed of 2800 rpm, an aqueous solution consisting of 2.0 kg N, N, N was added to this powder premix. ammonium methosulfate trimethyl- (N-nitrilomethyl) 0.5 kg partially neutralized copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid, 2.4 kg of cumene sulfonate and 5.1 kg of water at a temperature of 75 ° C over a period of 10 min metered directly onto the cutter head and then further mixed for 2 min and granulated.
The moist granules were then transferred to a fluidized bed dryer and dried with gas inlet temperatures of 100 ° C to a residual water content of 2%.

Man erhielt 8,4 kg Granulat mit einer Korngrößenverteilung von 500 - 1400 µ, sowie 14,2 kg Feinanteil < 500 µm und 9,7 kg Grobanteil > 1400 µ. Das Granulat mit der Korngröße von 500 - 1400 µ weist ein Schüttgewicht von ca. 505 g/l auf.This gave 8.4 kg granules with a particle size distribution of 500 - 1400 μ, and 14.2 kg fines <500 microns and 9.7 kg coarse fraction> 1400 μ. The granules with the particle size of 500 - 1400 μ has a bulk density of about 505 g / l.

4. Durchlauf:4th pass:

Der Grobanteil (9,7 kg über 1400 µ) aus dem 3. Durchlauf wurde mit einer FitzMill gemahlen und zusammen mit dem Feinanteil (14,2 kg unter 500 µ) aus dem 3. Durchlauf sowie 5,4 kg frischem TAED/CMC-(93:7)Gemisch erneut im Pflugscharmischer mit einer Mischwerkzeugdrehzahl von 135 U/min über einen Zeitraum von 5 min intensiv gemischt. Anschließend wurde in den gleichen Pflugscharmischer bei einer Mischwerkzeugdrehzahl von 135 U/min und zugeschaltetem, rotierendem Messerkopf im mittleren Teil des Mischers bei einer Drehzahl von 2800 U/min auf diese Pulvervormischung eine wässrige Lösung bestehend aus 2,0 kg N,N,N-Trimethyl-(N-nitrilomethyl)-ammoniummethosulfat, 0,5 kg teilneutralisiertem Copolymer aus Acrylsäure und Maleinsäure, 2,4 kg Cumolsulfonat und 5,1 kg Wasser mit einer Temperatur von 75°C über einen Zeitraum von 10 min direkt auf den Messerkopf eindosiert und anschließend weitere 2 min nachgemischt und granuliert.
Das feuchte Granulat wurde dann in einen Wirbelschichttrockner überführt und mit Gaseingangstemperaturen von 100°C auf einen Restwassergehalt von 2 % getrocknet.
Man erhielt 9,3 kg Granulat mit einer Korngrößenverteilung von 500- 1400 µ sowie 14,9 kg Feinanteil < 500 µm und 10,2 kg Grobanteil > 1400 µ. Das Granulat mit der Korngröße von 500 - 1400 µ weist ein Schüttgewicht von ca. 510 g/l auf.
The coarse fraction (9.7 kg over 1400 μ) from the 3rd run was ground with a FitzMill and, together with the fines (14.2 kg under 500 μ) from the 3rd run and 5.4 kg fresh TAED / CMC (93: 7) Mix mixture thoroughly again in the ploughshare mixer at a mixing tool speed of 135 rpm for a period of 5 minutes. Subsequently, in the same ploughshare mixer at a mixing tool speed of 135 rpm and a rotating cutter head in the middle part of the mixer at a speed of 2800 rpm, an aqueous solution consisting of 2.0 kg N, N, N was added to this powder premix. Trimethyl (N-nitrilomethyl) ammonium methosulfate, 0.5 kg partially neutralized copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid, 2.4 kg of cumene sulfonate and 5.1 kg of water at a temperature of 75 ° C over a period of 10 min directly metered onto the cutter head and then mixed for a further 2 min and granulated.
The moist granules were then transferred to a fluidized bed dryer and dried with gas inlet temperatures of 100 ° C to a residual water content of 2%.
This gave 9.3 kg granules with a particle size distribution of 500- 1400 μ and 14.9 kg fines <500 microns and 10.2 kg coarse fraction> 1400 μ. The granules with the particle size of 500 - 1400 μ has a bulk density of about 510 g / l.

Beispiel 2:Example 2: Herstellung von CMC/N,N,N-Trimethyl-(N-nitrilomethyl)-ammoniummethosulfat - GranulatPreparation of CMC / N, N, N-trimethyl- (N-nitrilomethyl) ammonium methosulfate granules

In einem Pflugscharmischer FKM 130 D, Fa. Lödige, wurden 18,6 kg Nitrilquat-Sprühpulver (bestehend aus 7,44 kg N,N,N-Trimethyl-(N-nitrilomethyl)-ammoniummethosulfat, 8,93 kg Cumolsulfonat, 1,86 kg teilneutralisiertem Copolymer aus Acrylsäure und Maleinsäure und 0,37 kg Wasser) und 1,4 kg Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) mit einer Mischwerkzeugdrehzahl von 135 U/min über einen Zeitraum von 5 min intensiv gemischt.
Anschließend wurde in den gleichen Pflugscharmischer bei einer Mischwerkzeugdrehzahl von 135 U/min und zugeschaltetem, rotierendem Messerkopf im mittleren Teil des Mischers bei einer Drehzahl von 2800 U/min auf diese Pulvervormischung 3,0 kg mit 1n H2SO4 auf pH 3 angesäuertes Wasser über einen Zeitraum von 10 min direkt auf den Messerkopf eindosiert und anschließend weitere 2 min nachgemischt und granuliert.
Das feuchte Granulat wurde dann in einen Wirbelschichttrockner überführt und mit Gaseingangstemperaturen von 100°C auf einen Restwassergehalt von 2 % getrocknet.
Man erhielt 5,1 kg Granulat mit einer Korngrößenverteilung von 500- 1400 µ sowie 11,0 kg Feinanteil < 500 µm und 4,1 kg Grobanteil > 1400 µ. Das Granulat mit der Korngröße von 500 - 1400 µ weist ein Schüttgewicht von ca. 550 g/l auf.
In a plowshare mixer FKM 130 D, Lödige, 18.6 kg Nitrilquat spray powder (consisting of 7.44 kg of N, N, N-trimethyl (N-nitrilomethyl) ammonium methosulfate, 8.93 kg of cumene sulfonate, 1, 86 kg of partially neutralized copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid and 0.37 kg of water) and 1.4 kg of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with a mixing tool speed of 135 rev / min intensively mixed over a period of 5 min.
Subsequently, in the same ploughshare mixer at a mixing tool speed of 135 rpm and with a rotating cutter head in the middle part of the mixer at a speed of 2800 rpm, 3.0 kg of water acidified to pH 3 with 1N H 2 SO 4 were added to this powder premix metered directly onto the cutter head over a period of 10 minutes and then remixed and granulated for a further 2 minutes.
The moist granules were then transferred to a fluidized bed dryer and dried with gas inlet temperatures of 100 ° C to a residual water content of 2%.
This gave 5.1 kg granules with a particle size distribution of 500- 1400 μ and 11.0 kg fines <500 microns and 4.1 kg coarse fraction> 1400 μ. The granules with the grain size of 500 - 1400 μ has a bulk density of about 550 g / l.

Beispiel 3:Example 3: Herstellung von TAED/CMC-GranulatProduction of TAED / CMC granules

In einem Pflugscharmischer FKM 130 D, Fa. Lödige, wurden 18,6 kg Tetraacetylethylendiamin (TAED) und 1,55 kg Carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) mit einer Mischwerkzeugdrehzahl von 135 U/min über einen Zeitraum von 5 min intensiv gemischt.
Anschließend wurde in den gleichen Pflugscharmischer bei einer Mischwerkzeugdrehzahl von 135 U/min und zugeschaltetem, rotierendem Messerkopf im mittleren Teil des Mischers bei einer Drehzahl von 2800 U/min auf diese Pulvervormischung 3,5 kg Wasser über einen Zeitraum von 10 min direkt auf den Messerkopf eindosiert und anschließend weitere 2 min nachgemischt und granuliert.
Das feuchte Granulat wurde dann in einen Wirbelschichttrockner überführt und mit Gaseingangstemperaturen von 100°C auf einen Restwassergehalt von 2 % getrocknet.
Man erhielt 5,8 kg Granulat mit einer Korngrößenverteilung von 500 - 1400 µm sowie 11,8 kg Feinanteil < 500 µm und 3,0 kg Grobanteil > 1400 µm. Das Granulat mit der Korngröße von 500 - 1400 µm weist ein Schüttgewicht von ca. 470 g/l auf.
In a ploughshare mixer FKM 130 D, Lödige, 18.6 kg of tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) and 1.55 kg of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were intensively mixed at a mixing tool speed of 135 rpm for a period of 5 minutes.
Subsequently, in the same ploughshare mixer with a mixing tool speed of 135 rpm and switched on, rotating cutter head in the middle part of the mixer at a speed of 2800 U / min on this powder premix 3.5 kg of water over a period of 10 min directly on The knife head is metered in and then mixed for a further 2 min and granulated.
The moist granules were then transferred to a fluidized bed dryer and dried with gas inlet temperatures of 100 ° C to a residual water content of 2%.
5.8 kg of granules having a particle size distribution of 500-1400 μm and 11.8 kg of fine fraction <500 μm and 3.0 kg of coarse fraction> 1400 μm were obtained. The granules with the grain size of 500 - 1400 microns has a bulk density of about 470 g / l.

Beispiel 4:Example 4: Lagerstabilität in WaschmittelformulierungStorage stability in detergent formulation

Zur Prüfung der Lagerstabilität der Aktivator-Granulate in einer Waschmittelformulierung wurden 0,7 g TAED/Nitrilquat/CMC-Co-Granulat (gemäß Beispiel 1, 1. Durchlauf) bzw. eine Mischung aus 0,56 g TAED/CMC-Granulat (gemäß Beispiel 3) und 0,14 g Nitrilquat/CMC-Granulat (gemäß Beispiel 2) mit 7,5 g Standardwaschmittel IEC-A, WfK Testgewebe GmbH, und 1,7 g Natriumpercarbonat gemischt und die resultierenden Mischungen in Petrischalen mit einem Durchmesser von 90 mm gegeben. Für jede im Verlauf der Lagerung geplante Aktivgehaltsbestimmung wurde eine Petrischale mit oben beschriebener Einwaage vorbereitet. Die wie oben beschrieben gefüllten Petrischalen wurden dann offen in einem Klimaschrank bei einer Temperatur von 38°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 80 % über 5 Tage gelagert. Nach einer Lagerzeit von 1, 2 und 5 Tagen wurde mittels iodometrischer Titration der Restgehalt an Aktivator bestimmt und ins prozentuale Verhältnis zum eingesetzten Anfangsgehalt gesetzt. Lagerzeit [Tage] TAED/Nitrilquat/CMC TAED/CMC + Nitrilquat/CMC 0 100 % 100 % 1 89 % 81 % 2 78 % 66 % 5 46 % 32 % To test the storage stability of the activator granules in a detergent formulation, 0.7 g TAED / nitrile quat / CMC co-granules (according to Example 1, 1st run) or a mixture of 0.56 g TAED / CMC granules (according to Example 3) and 0.14 g of nitrile quat / CMC granules (according to Example 2) mixed with 7.5 g of standard detergent IEC-A, WfK Testgewebe GmbH, and 1.7 g of sodium percarbonate and the resulting mixtures in Petri dishes with a diameter of 90 mm given. For each active content determination planned during the storage, a Petri dish was prepared with the above-described weight. The Petri dishes filled as described above were then stored open in a climatic cabinet at a temperature of 38 ° C and a relative humidity of 80% for 5 days. After a storage time of 1, 2 and 5 days, the residual content of activator was determined by iodometric titration and set in percent relative to the initial content used. Storage time [days] TAED / nitrile quat / CMC TAED / CMC + nitrile quat / CMC 0 100% 100% 1 89% 81% 2 78% 66% 5 46% 32%

Es zeigt sich, dass das erfindungsgemäße TAED/Nitrilquat/CMC-Co-Granulat eine bessere Lagerstabilität besitzt als eine Mischung aus TAED/CMC-Granulat und Nitrilquat/CMC-Granulat mit ähnlicher Gesamtzusammensetzung.It has been found that the TAED / nitrile quat / CMC co-granulate according to the invention has a better storage stability than a mixture of TAED / CMC granules and nitrile quat / CMC granules with similar overall composition.

Beispiel 5:Example 5: Wasseraufnahme bei offener KlimalagerungWater absorption in open climatic storage

Zur Prüfung der Wasseraufnahme der Aktivator-Granulate wurden 4,0 g TAED/Nitrilquat/CMC-Co-Granulat (gemäß Beispiel 1, 1. Durchlauf) bzw. eine Mischung aus 3,2 g TAED/CMC-Granulat (gemäß Beispiel 3) und 0,8 g Nitrilquat/CMC-Granulat (gemäß Beispiel 2) in Petrischalen mit einem Durchmesser von 90 mm gegeben und anschließend offen in einem Klimaschrank bei einer Temperatur von 38°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 80 % gelagert. Nach einer Lagerzeit von 1 Tag wurde durch Wiegen die Gewichtszunahme als Folge des aufgenommenen Wassers ermittelt und in Prozent bezogen auf die Einwaage ausgedrückt. Lagerzeit [Tage] TAED/Nitrilquat/CMC TAED/CMC + Nitrilquat/CMC 0 0% 0% 1 16 % 21 % To test the water absorption of the activator granules, 4.0 g of TAED / nitrile quat / CMC-co-granules (according to Example 1, 1st run) or a mixture of 3.2 g of TAED / CMC granules (according to Example 3) and 0.8 g Nitrilquat / CMC granules (according to Example 2) in 90 mm diameter Petri dishes and then stored open in a climatic chamber at a temperature of 38 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%. After a storage period of 1 day, the weight increase as a result of the absorbed water was determined by weighing and expressed as a percentage of the initial weight. Storage time [days] TAED / nitrile quat / CMC TAED / CMC + nitrile quat / CMC 0 0% 0% 1 16% 21%

Es zeigt sich, dass das erfindungsgemäße TAED/Nitrilquat/CMC-Co-Granulat im gleichen Lagerzeitraum weniger Wasser aufnimmt als eine Mischung aus TAED/CMC-Granulat und Nitrilquat/CMC-Granulat mit ähnlicher Gesamtzusammensetzung.It can be seen that the TAED / nitrile quat / CMC-co-granules according to the invention absorb less water in the same storage period than a mixture of TAED / CMC granules and nitrile quat / CMC granules with similar overall composition.

Beispiel 6:Example 6: Waschleistung von gelagerten WaschmittelformulierungenWashing performance of stored detergent formulations

Zur Prüfung der Waschleistung von gelagerten Waschmittelformulierungen in einer LINITEST-Laborwaschmaschine wurden 0,1 g TAED/Nitrilquat/CMC-Co-Granulat (gemäß Beispiel 1, 4. Durchlauf) bzw. eine Mischung aus 0,06 g TAED/CMC-Granulat (gemäß Beispiel 3) und 0,04 g Nitrilquat/CMC-Granulat (gemäß Beispiel 2) mit 1,0 g Standardwaschmittel IEC-A, WfK Testgewebe GmbH, und 0,15 g Natriumperborat-Monohydrat gemischt, die resultierenden Mischungen in Petrischalen mit einem Durchmesser von 90 mm gegeben und anschließend über einen Lagerzeitraum von 1 Tag offen im Klimaschrank bei einer Temperatur von 38°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 80 % gelagert. Die gelagerten Waschmittelformulierungen wurden dann vollständig in mit 200 ml Wasser (15 °dH, Ca:Mg = 3:2) gefüllte Becher der LINITEST-Laborwaschmaschine eingetragen, Testgewebe (CFT BC-1, WfK Testgewebe GmbH) und Stahlkugeln (zur Erhöhung der Waschmechanik) zugegeben und nach Verschließen der Becher Waschversuche bei 20°C und 40°C durchgeführt. Die Waschzeit betrug 30 min. Als Maß für die Waschleistung wurde mit einem Farbmessgerät Elrepho 3000, Fa. Datacolor, die Remissionsdifferenz der Testgewebe gegen ein nur mit 1,0 g Standardwaschmittel IEC-A und 0,15 g Natriumperborat-Monohydrat gewaschenes Testgewebe bestimmt und folgende Werte erhalten: Temperatur [°C] Remissionsdifferenz gegen IEC-A/Natriumperborat-Monohydrat TAED/Nitrilquat/CMC TAED/CMC + Nitrilquat/CMC 20 4,1 3,2 40 6,0 5,4 To test the washing performance of stored detergent formulations in a LINITEST laboratory washing machine, 0.1 g of TAED / nitrile quat / CMC co-granules (according to Example 1, 4th run) or a mixture of 0.06 g of TAED / CMC granules (according to Example 3) and 0.04 g Nitrilquat / CMC granules (according to Example 2) with 1.0 g of standard detergent IEC-A, WfK Test fabric GmbH, and 0.15 g of sodium perborate monohydrate mixed, the resulting mixtures in Petri dishes a diameter of 90 mm and then stored over a storage period of 1 day open in a climatic chamber at a temperature of 38 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%. The stored detergent formulations were then added completely in 200 ml of water (15 ° dH, Ca: Mg = 3: 2) filled cups of the LINITEST laboratory washing machine, test fabric (CFT BC-1, WfK Test fabric GmbH) and steel balls (to increase the washing mechanics ) was added and after closing the beaker washing experiments at 20 ° C and 40 ° C performed. The washing time was 30 min. As a measure of the washing performance, the remission difference of the test fabrics against a test fabric washed with 1.0 g standard detergent IEC-A and 0.15 g sodium perborate monohydrate was determined with a colorimeter Elrepho 3000, from Datacolor, and the following values were obtained: Temperature [° C] Remission difference against IEC-A / sodium perborate monohydrate TAED / nitrile quat / CMC TAED / CMC + nitrile quat / CMC 20 4.1 3.2 40 6.0 5.4

Es zeigt sich, dass das erfindungsgemäße TAED/Nitrilquat/CMC-Co-Granulat nach Lagerung in einer Waschmittelformulierung eine bessere Bleichleistung bei 20°C und 40°C erzielt als eine über den gleichen Zeitraum in einer Waschmittelformulierung gelagerte Mischung aus TAED/CMC-Granulat und Nitrilquat/CMC-Granulat mit ähnlicher Gesamtzusammensetzung.It has been found that the TAED / nitrile quat / CMC co-granulate according to the invention, after storage in a detergent formulation, achieves better bleaching performance at 20 ° C. and 40 ° C. than a mixture of TAED / CMC granules stored in a detergent formulation over the same period of time and nitrile quat / CMC granules of similar overall composition.

Claims (14)

  1. A method for preparing bleach activator cogranulates of one or more ammonium nitriles and at least one further bleach activator, wherein an aqueous solution of one or more ammonium nitriles is sprayed onto the further bleach activator, the resulting mixture is granulated and the moist granulate is dried and sieved.
  2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein granulates are prepared which comprise, as ammonium nitriles, compounds of the formula (1)
    Figure imgb0005
    in which R1, R2, R3 are identical or different, and are linear or branched C1-C24-alkyl groups, C2-C24-alkenyl groups or are C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, or in which R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded form a ring having 4 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted by C1-C5-alkyl, C1-C5-alkoxy, C1- to C5-alkanoyl, phenyl, amino, ammonium, cyano, cyanamino, chlorine or bromine, and, in addition to the nitrogen atom, can contain one or two oxygen or nitrogen atoms, a group N-R6 or a group R3-N-R6 in place of carbon atoms, in which R6 is hydrogen, C1- to C5-alkyl, C2- to C5-alkenyl, C2- to C5-alkynyl, phenyl, C7- to C9-aralkyl, C5- to C7-cycloalkyl, C1- to C6-alkanoyl, cyanomethyl or cyano, R4 and R5 are hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkenyl, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, phenyl or C1-C3-alkylphenyl, preferably hydrogen, methyl or phenyl, where in particular R4 is hydrogen, if R5 is not a hydrogen, and A is an anion, for example chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, carbonate, hydrogencarbonate, phosphate, mono- and dihydrogenphosphate, pyrophosphate, metaphosphates, nitrate, methylsulfate, phosphonate, methylphosphonate, methanedisulfonate, methylsulfonate, ethanesulfonate or is an anion of the formulae R7SO3 θ, R7SO4 θ or R7COOθ, in which R7 is C1-C20-, preferably C10-C18-alkyl, and additionally also C1-C18-alkylphenyl.
  3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein granulates are prepared which comprise, as ammonium nitrile, a compound of the formula (2)
    Figure imgb0006
    where R1, R2 and R3 are a linear or branched saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, and A is any charge-balancing ion, for example chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, carbonate, hydrogencarbonate, phosphate, mono- and dihydrogenphosphate, pyrophosphate, metaphosphate, nitrate, methylsulfate, phosphonate, methylphosphonate, methanedisulfonate, methylsulfonate, ethanesulfonate or is an anion of the formulae R7SO3 θ, R7SO4 θ or R7COOθ, where R7 has the meanings given above.
  4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein granulates are prepared which additionally comprise N,N,N',N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), nonanoylcaprolactam phenylsulfonate ester (APES), glucose pentaacetate (GPA), xylose tetraacetate (TAX), acyloxybenzenesulfonates, diacetyldioxohexahydrotriazine (DADHT), tetraacetylglucoluril (TAGU), tetraacetylcyanic acid (TACA), di-N-acetyldimethylglyoxine (ADMG) and 1-phenyl-3-acetylhydantoin (PAH) or nitrilotriacetate (NTA).
  5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein granulates are prepared which comprise one or more binders and/or one or more acidic additives.
  6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein granulates are prepared which additionally comprise cellulose and/or starch and ethers or esters thereof, and/or film-forming polymers and/or anionic components from the group of alkanesulfonates, arylsulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkylsulfates, α-olefinsulfonates and soaps as binders.
  7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein those granulates are prepared which comprise from 1 to 45% by weight, based on the overall cogranulate, of one or more binders.
  8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein those granulates are prepared which comprise sulfuric acid, sodium hydrogen sulfate, phosphoric acid, sodium hydrogen phosphate, phosphonic acids and polyphosphonic acids and/or salts thereof, carboxylic acids and/or salts thereof, glycolic acid, succinic acid, succinic anhydride, glutaric acid, glutaric anhydride, adipic acid, adipic anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride and/or lactic acid, and/or acidic polymers as acidic additive.
  9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein those granulates are prepared which additionally comprise from 0 to 20% by weight, based on the overall cogranulate, of one or more acidic additives.
  10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein those granulates are prepared which comprise 50 to 99% by weight of bleach activator, based on the overall cogranulate.
  11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein those granulates are prepared which comprise 70 to 98% by weight of bleach activator, based on the overall cogranulate.
  12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein those granulates are prepared which comprise 80 to 96% by weight of bleach activator, based on the overall cogranulate.
  13. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein those granulates are prepared which are coated with 0 to 30% by weight of a film-forming substance.
  14. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein those granulates are prepared which, to increase the bulk density, are compressed to give relatively large agglomerates and then comminuted.
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JP2003193093A (en) 2003-07-09
EP1319705A1 (en) 2003-06-18
US20030144166A1 (en) 2003-07-31
US20060252664A1 (en) 2006-11-09
DE50210307D1 (en) 2007-07-26
ES2287216T3 (en) 2007-12-16
DE10161766A1 (en) 2003-06-26
US7332464B2 (en) 2008-02-19

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