EP1317625A4 - Micro-fluidic system - Google Patents
Micro-fluidic systemInfo
- Publication number
- EP1317625A4 EP1317625A4 EP01968418A EP01968418A EP1317625A4 EP 1317625 A4 EP1317625 A4 EP 1317625A4 EP 01968418 A EP01968418 A EP 01968418A EP 01968418 A EP01968418 A EP 01968418A EP 1317625 A4 EP1317625 A4 EP 1317625A4
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- micro
- fluidic
- sensor system
- conduit
- fluidic sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
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- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
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- F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
- F04B43/04—Pumps having electric drive
- F04B43/043—Micropumps
- F04B43/046—Micropumps with piezoelectric drive
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
- F04B43/12—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action
- F04B43/14—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action having plate-like flexible members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K99/0001—Microvalves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K99/0001—Microvalves
- F16K99/0003—Constructional types of microvalves; Details of the cutting-off member
- F16K99/0015—Diaphragm or membrane valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K99/0001—Microvalves
- F16K99/0034—Operating means specially adapted for microvalves
- F16K99/0036—Operating means specially adapted for microvalves operated by temperature variations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K99/0001—Microvalves
- F16K99/0034—Operating means specially adapted for microvalves
- F16K99/0055—Operating means specially adapted for microvalves actuated by fluids
- F16K99/0061—Operating means specially adapted for microvalves actuated by fluids actuated by an expanding gas or liquid volume
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
- A61B2560/0406—Constructional details of apparatus specially shaped apparatus housings
- A61B2560/0412—Low-profile patch shaped housings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/10—Integrating sample preparation and analysis in single entity, e.g. lab-on-a-chip concept
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
- B01L2300/0627—Sensor or part of a sensor is integrated
- B01L2300/0636—Integrated biosensor, microarrays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
- B01L2300/0627—Sensor or part of a sensor is integrated
- B01L2300/0645—Electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
- B01L2300/0816—Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
- B01L2300/087—Multiple sequential chambers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
- B01L2400/0442—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces thermal energy, e.g. vaporisation, bubble jet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0475—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure
- B01L2400/0481—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure squeezing of channels or chambers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/06—Valves, specific forms thereof
- B01L2400/0633—Valves, specific forms thereof with moving parts
- B01L2400/0655—Valves, specific forms thereof with moving parts pinch valves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/08—Regulating or influencing the flow resistance
- B01L2400/084—Passive control of flow resistance
- B01L2400/086—Passive control of flow resistance using baffles or other fixed flow obstructions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2201/00—Specific applications of microelectromechanical systems
- B81B2201/03—Microengines and actuators
- B81B2201/036—Micropumps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2201/00—Specific applications of microelectromechanical systems
- B81B2201/05—Microfluidics
- B81B2201/054—Microvalves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
- F15B2015/208—Special fluid pressurisation means, e.g. thermal or electrolytic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K99/0001—Microvalves
- F16K2099/0069—Bistable microvalves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K2099/0073—Fabrication methods specifically adapted for microvalves
- F16K2099/0074—Fabrication methods specifically adapted for microvalves using photolithography, e.g. etching
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K2099/0073—Fabrication methods specifically adapted for microvalves
- F16K2099/0076—Fabrication methods specifically adapted for microvalves using electrical discharge machining [EDM], milling or drilling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K2099/0073—Fabrication methods specifically adapted for microvalves
- F16K2099/008—Multi-layer fabrications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K2099/0082—Microvalves adapted for a particular use
- F16K2099/0084—Chemistry or biology, e.g. "lab-on-a-chip" technology
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US22938200P | 2000-08-31 | 2000-08-31 | |
US229382P | 2000-08-31 | ||
PCT/US2001/027340 WO2002018785A1 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2001-08-31 | Micro-fluidic system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1317625A1 EP1317625A1 (en) | 2003-06-11 |
EP1317625A4 true EP1317625A4 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
Family
ID=22860992
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01968418A Withdrawn EP1317625A4 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2001-08-31 | Micro-fluidic system |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1317625A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001288668A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2420682A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002018785A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2484934A1 (en) | 2002-05-17 | 2003-11-27 | Greenlight Power Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for verification, calibration and simulation of a fuel cell test station |
EP1626926A2 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2006-02-22 | Microbridge Technologies Inc. | Method for producing a packaged integrated circuit |
SE524730C2 (en) | 2002-11-20 | 2004-09-21 | Boule Medical Ab | Blood Unit |
DE10332289B4 (en) | 2003-07-16 | 2018-06-14 | Disetronic Licensing Ag | Fluid system with safety device |
CA2479452C (en) | 2003-08-30 | 2008-11-04 | F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Method and device for determining analytes in a liquid |
EP1510254A3 (en) * | 2003-08-30 | 2005-09-28 | Roche Diagnostics GmbH | Method and device for detecting an analyte in a fluid |
FR2862882B1 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2006-08-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | MICRODISPOSITIVE FOR DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY IN VIVO. |
US20070276193A1 (en) * | 2003-11-27 | 2007-11-29 | Florence Rivera | Vivo Diagnostic and Therapy Micro-Device |
US20050223783A1 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2005-10-13 | Kavlico Corporation | Microfluidic system |
US20060057520A1 (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2006-03-16 | Saia Richard J | Control valve assembly for controlling gas flow in gas combustion systems |
JP4835311B2 (en) * | 2006-08-03 | 2011-12-14 | 横河電機株式会社 | Cartridge inspection device |
CN104136777A (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2014-11-05 | 凯希特许有限公司 | Systems and methods for regulating the temperature of a disc pump system |
JP6479663B2 (en) | 2012-10-08 | 2019-03-06 | ビーエル テクノロジーズ、インコーポレイテッド | Prefilled test substrate for testing LAL reactive materials, method of use and method of preparation |
FR3015310B1 (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2020-09-11 | Espci Innov | DEVICE FOR HANDLING, SORTING, GENERATING AND STORING AN ELEMENT OF A NON-MISCIBLE FLUID AND DEVICE FOR MERGING TWO SUCH ELEMENTS |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5325880A (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1994-07-05 | Tini Alloy Company | Shape memory alloy film actuated microvalve |
WO1998007069A1 (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1998-02-19 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Polymer-based micromachining technology for microfluidic devices |
WO1998032616A1 (en) * | 1997-01-24 | 1998-07-30 | California Institute Of Technology | Mems valve |
WO1999024744A1 (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 1999-05-20 | California Institute Of Technology | Micromachined parylene membrane valve and pump |
US6009343A (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 1999-12-28 | Abbott Laboratories | Enhanced transdermal transport of fluid using vacuum |
JP2000220575A (en) * | 1998-11-26 | 2000-08-08 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Micro pump |
US6273687B1 (en) * | 1998-11-26 | 2001-08-14 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Micromachined pump apparatus |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2241086A (en) * | 1939-01-28 | 1941-05-06 | Gen Motors Corp | Refrigerating apparatus |
US4036433A (en) * | 1975-11-06 | 1977-07-19 | Robertshaw Controls Company | Thermally operated control device and method of making the same |
US5546757A (en) * | 1994-09-07 | 1996-08-20 | General Electric Company | Refrigeration system with electrically controlled expansion valve |
US6141497A (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 2000-10-31 | Marotta Scientific Controls, Inc. | Multilayer micro-gas rheostat with electrical-heater control of gas flow |
SE9502258D0 (en) | 1995-06-21 | 1995-06-21 | Pharmacia Biotech Ab | Method for the manufacture of a membrane-containing microstructure |
US5726404A (en) | 1996-05-31 | 1998-03-10 | University Of Washington | Valveless liquid microswitch |
DE19749011A1 (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 1998-05-20 | Lang Volker | Micro=valve for one time use has opening closed by plug mounted on resistance plate |
AU1925600A (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2000-06-19 | Regents Of The University Of California, The | Micro-electromechanical block regulating fluid flow |
-
2001
- 2001-08-31 AU AU2001288668A patent/AU2001288668A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-31 EP EP01968418A patent/EP1317625A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-08-31 CA CA002420682A patent/CA2420682A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-31 WO PCT/US2001/027340 patent/WO2002018785A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5325880A (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1994-07-05 | Tini Alloy Company | Shape memory alloy film actuated microvalve |
US6009343A (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 1999-12-28 | Abbott Laboratories | Enhanced transdermal transport of fluid using vacuum |
WO1998007069A1 (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1998-02-19 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Polymer-based micromachining technology for microfluidic devices |
WO1998032616A1 (en) * | 1997-01-24 | 1998-07-30 | California Institute Of Technology | Mems valve |
WO1999024744A1 (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 1999-05-20 | California Institute Of Technology | Micromachined parylene membrane valve and pump |
JP2000220575A (en) * | 1998-11-26 | 2000-08-08 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Micro pump |
US6273687B1 (en) * | 1998-11-26 | 2001-08-14 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Micromachined pump apparatus |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 11 3 January 2001 (2001-01-03) * |
See also references of WO0218785A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2420682A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
EP1317625A1 (en) | 2003-06-11 |
WO2002018785A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
AU2001288668A1 (en) | 2002-03-13 |
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