EP1314369A1 - Shoe sole - Google Patents

Shoe sole Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1314369A1
EP1314369A1 EP02023508A EP02023508A EP1314369A1 EP 1314369 A1 EP1314369 A1 EP 1314369A1 EP 02023508 A EP02023508 A EP 02023508A EP 02023508 A EP02023508 A EP 02023508A EP 1314369 A1 EP1314369 A1 EP 1314369A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sole according
sole
strips
walking
lamellae
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Granted
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EP02023508A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1314369B1 (en
Inventor
Gérald Delgorgue
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Salomon SAS
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Salomon SAS
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Publication of EP1314369B1 publication Critical patent/EP1314369B1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/22—Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer
    • A43B13/223—Profiled soles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a shoe sole intended for walking on ice. or icy and / or snow-covered ground.
  • the fittings are not effective when walking on snowy surfaces because the snow adheres to the sole, is caught between the fittings and quickly forms clogs making these latest ineffective.
  • JP 10337203 it has been proposed by JP 10337203 to include in the sole fibers of glass oriented and exposed towards the surface in contact with the ground, so as to obtain an effect anti-slip on an icy or snowy surface.
  • EP 682 886 provides for walking on smooth slippery surfaces such as floors wet or icy, to provide the sole with peripheral profiled blocks provided with lamellae whose height corresponds to the total height of the block. Such a shoe is not very suitable for mixed snow / ice use or on non-flat terrain. In addition, the large the depth of the slats makes them very sensitive to wear.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the above drawbacks and to propose to an advantageous cost a sole making it possible to walk as well on ice as on snow, even on uneven ground, and avoiding the problems of "snow kick".
  • the sole for walking on the ice comprises in at least one central area of the walking surface a series of contiguous lamellae in the rest state, and in that it has studs at its periphery external.
  • the tread 1 has two central zones respectively front 2 and rear 3 each comprising a series or block of slats 10 completely contiguous, that is to say leaving no gap between two slats adjacent to rest.
  • each of the strips 10 is essentially rectilinear and extends in a direction D substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis L of the sole.
  • Each block 2, 3 of strips 10 is moreover surrounded by peripheral studs 20, that is to say studs flush with the edge of the sole and which will be described in more detail detail later.
  • the slats 10 are made of a polymer material, for example rubber having a low hardness, preferably of the order of 55 shore A, and whose hardness varies little to low temperatures, down to around -20 ° C.
  • this material will be a rubber but a polymer such as polyurethane and in particular expanded PU having the characteristics of hardness and low variation at low desired temperature can just as easily be used.
  • the slats 10 are produced by cutting using an appropriate cutting tool, having very thin blades such as cutter blades.
  • each lamella has a depth of approximately 4mm and a width of approximately 2mm for a height of block 2, 3 of approximately 6mm.
  • other dimensional characteristics may be provided, in particular depending on the material constituting said soles and the temperature range of use. It is important that the strips 10 have a depth not exceeding three quarters of the height of the associated block 2, 3, so as to limit the wear of said strips and avoid wear premature. However, depending on the desired effect, this relative depth could be increased.
  • Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the operation of the slats 10. At rest, that is to say in the absence of charge as shown in FIG. 4, the spacing "e" between two strips successive is zero and the strips 10 appear perfectly contiguous. As shown in Figure 4, the strips 10 are perfectly parallel and substantially straight at rest.
  • channels 15 and 16 of depth less than that of the slats 10, in this case of depth approximately equal to 2 or 3mm, are provided to evacuate the water that forms when the sole rubs on the ice or to break said film of water.
  • channels 15 and 16 are longitudinal but other shapes can also be envisaged as described later.
  • the peripheral studs 20 are, unlike the lamellae 10, very spaced apart so as to provide a rack type outfit.
  • the first spikes 21 go work from top to bottom backwards (arrow C) compacting the snow, then the crampons following 22 shear it (arrow S) to provide the grip on snow desired.
  • spikes 20 preferably have a very "square", substantially rectangular shape, with many straight edges 25 for optimal grip.
  • Each crampon 20 will be in addition provided with at least one channel 26 for the evacuation of water.
  • Each crampon 20 has a dimension in longitudinal direction of about 10 to 15 mm and one dimension in direction transverse variant between 20 mm and 40 mm. Two successive spikes are separated by about 10 mm, so as to have the desired racking effect.
  • the slats 10 and the studs 20 cooperate for optimum hold on snow and ice.
  • the studs 20 are preferably made of the same material as the strips 10. Depending on the case and the desired effect, such as for example use on very loose snow, the studs 20 may be made of a harder polymer material up to 70 shore A.
  • the lamellae 10 may be rectilinear as shown in FIG. 1, but of preferably they will have a sinusoidal shape to provide grip in different directions.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a preferred embodiment in which the strips 10 are shaped chevron, i.e. oriented in a triangle.
  • the slats 10 of the block rear 3 are oriented in the opposite direction of the slats of the front pad 2 to have more action braking during the heel attack.

Abstract

The sole (1) has a walking surface provided with front and rear central zones (2,3). Strips (10), which are not separated when at rest, are provided within the central zone. Peripheral crampons (20) surround the strips. <??>An Independent claim is also included for the boot.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet une semelle de chaussure destinée à la marche sur glace ou sol verglacé et/ou recouvert de neige.The present invention relates to a shoe sole intended for walking on ice. or icy and / or snow-covered ground.

Pour résoudre le problème de marche sur sols verglacés, il est connu par les CH 172 710 et CH 218 631 de garnir la périphérie de la semelle avec des ferrures métalliques ou des clous permettant une meilleure accroche sur la glace. Par contre, ces clous et ferrures présentent l'inconvénient d'être glissants sur d'autres terrains tel que macadam, ciment, sols rocailleux.To solve the problem of walking on icy soils, it is known by CH 172 710 and CH 218 631 to fill the periphery of the sole with metal fittings or nails allowing better grip on ice. However, these nails and fittings have the disadvantage of being slippery on other terrains such as tarmac, cement, rocky soils.

De plus, les ferrures ne sont pas efficaces en cas de marche sur sols enneigés car la neige adhère à la semelle, se prend entre les ferrures et forme rapidement des sabots rendant ces dernières inefficaces.In addition, the fittings are not effective when walking on snowy surfaces because the snow adheres to the sole, is caught between the fittings and quickly forms clogs making these latest ineffective.

Plus récemment, il a été proposé par le JP 10337203 d'inclure dans la semelle des fibres de verre orientées et exposées vers la surface de contact avec le sol, de façon à obtenir un effet anti-glissement sur une surface verglacée ou enneigée.More recently, it has been proposed by JP 10337203 to include in the sole fibers of glass oriented and exposed towards the surface in contact with the ground, so as to obtain an effect anti-slip on an icy or snowy surface.

Une telle semelle présente l'inconvénient d'avoir un coût de réalisation très élevé.Such a sole has the disadvantage of having a very high production cost.

Le EP 682 886 prévoit, pour marcher sur des surfaces lisses glissantes telles que des sols mouillés ou verglacés, de munir la semelle de blocs profilés périphériques munis de lamelles dont la hauteur correspond à la hauteur totale du bloc. Une telle chaussure n'est pas très adaptée à une utilisation mixte neige/glace ou sur des terrains non plats. De plus, la grande profondeur des lamelles les rend très sensibles à l'usure.EP 682 886 provides for walking on smooth slippery surfaces such as floors wet or icy, to provide the sole with peripheral profiled blocks provided with lamellae whose height corresponds to the total height of the block. Such a shoe is not very suitable for mixed snow / ice use or on non-flat terrain. In addition, the large the depth of the slats makes them very sensitive to wear.

Le but de la présente invention est de remédier aux inconvénients ci-avant et de proposer à un coût avantageux une semelle permettant de marcher aussi bien sur la glace que sur la neige, même sur des sols irréguliers, et évitant les problèmes de "bottage" de la neige.The object of the present invention is to remedy the above drawbacks and to propose to an advantageous cost a sole making it possible to walk as well on ice as on snow, even on uneven ground, and avoiding the problems of "snow kick".

Ce but est atteint dans la semelle selon l'invention par le fait que la semelle pour marche sur la glace comporte dans au moins une zone centrale de la surface de marche une série de lamelles jointives à l'état repos, et en ce qu'elle comporte des crampons à sa périphérie externe.This object is achieved in the sole according to the invention by the fact that the sole for walking on the ice comprises in at least one central area of the walking surface a series of contiguous lamellae in the rest state, and in that it has studs at its periphery external.

On s'est en effet rendu compte de façon surprenante que les lamelles jointives à l'état repos disposées dans une zone centrale de la semelle, permettent lors de la marche d'avoir une bonne adhérence sur glace, tandis que les crampons périphériques permettent une bonne accroche sur la neige.We have surprisingly realized that the contiguous lamellae in the rest state arranged in a central area of the sole, allow during walking to have a good grip on ice, while the peripheral crampons allow good hangs on the snow.

De toute façon, l'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres caractéristiques de celle-ci seront mises en évidence à l'aide de la description qui suit en référence au dessin schématique annexé et dans lequel :

  • la figure 1 est une vue de dessous d'une semelle selon un premier mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 2 est une vue similaire à la figure 1 d'une semelle selon un second mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique de côté illustrant le fonctionnement des crampons latéraux,
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique en coupe selon IV-IV de la figure 1, les lamelles étant au repos,
  • la figure 5 est une vue schématique similaire à la figure 4 illustrant le fonctionnement des lamelles lors de la marche,
  • la figure 6 est une vue de détail en perspective de la figure 1.
In any case, the invention will be better understood and other characteristics thereof will be highlighted with the aid of the description which follows with reference to the appended schematic drawing and in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a bottom view of a sole according to a first embodiment,
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of a sole according to a second embodiment,
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic side view illustrating the operation of the side studs,
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view along IV-IV of FIG. 1, the strips being at rest,
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view similar to FIG. 4 illustrating the operation of the slats during walking,
  • FIG. 6 is a detailed perspective view of FIG. 1.

Ainsi que le montre la figure 1, la semelle de marche 1 selon l'invention comporte deux zones centrales respectivement avant 2 et arrière 3 comportant chacune une série ou pavé de lamelles 10 complètement jointives, c'est-à-dire ne laissant aucun intervalle entre deux lamelles adjacentes au repos.As shown in Figure 1, the tread 1 according to the invention has two central zones respectively front 2 and rear 3 each comprising a series or block of slats 10 completely contiguous, that is to say leaving no gap between two slats adjacent to rest.

Dans l'exemple représenté chacune des lamelles 10 est essentiellement rectiligne et s'étend dans une direction D sensiblement transversale à l'axe longitudinal L de la semelle.In the example shown, each of the strips 10 is essentially rectilinear and extends in a direction D substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis L of the sole.

Chaque pavé 2, 3 de lamelles 10 est par ailleurs entouré par des crampons périphériques 20, c'est-à-dire des crampons affleurant le bord de la semelle et qui seront décrits plus en détail plus loin.Each block 2, 3 of strips 10 is moreover surrounded by peripheral studs 20, that is to say studs flush with the edge of the sole and which will be described in more detail detail later.

Les lamelles 10 sont réalisées dans un matériau polymère, par exemple du caoutchouc ayant une faible dureté, de préférence de l'ordre de 55 shore A, et dont la dureté varie peu à faibles températures, jusqu'à environ -20°C.The slats 10 are made of a polymer material, for example rubber having a low hardness, preferably of the order of 55 shore A, and whose hardness varies little to low temperatures, down to around -20 ° C.

De préférence, ce matériau sera un caoutchouc mais un polymère tel que du polyuréthane et notamment du PU expansé ayant les caractéristiques de dureté et de faible variation à basse température souhaitées pourra tout aussi bien être utilisé.Preferably, this material will be a rubber but a polymer such as polyurethane and in particular expanded PU having the characteristics of hardness and low variation at low desired temperature can just as easily be used.

Les lamelles 10 sont réalisées par découpe à l'aide d'un outil tranchant approprié, ayant des lames de très faible épaisseur tel que des lames de cutter.The slats 10 are produced by cutting using an appropriate cutting tool, having very thin blades such as cutter blades.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré chaque lamelle a une profondeur d'environ 4mm et une largeur d'environ 2mm pour une hauteur de pavé 2, 3 d'environ 6mm. Bien entendu d'autres caractéristiques dimensionnelles peuvent être prévues notamment en fonction du matériau constituant lesdites semelles et de la gamme de température d'utilisation. Il est important que les lamelles 10 aient une profondeur ne dépassant pas les trois quart de la hauteur du pavé associé 2, 3, de façon à limiter l'usure desdites lamelles et éviter une usure prématurée. Cependant, selon l'effet souhaité cette profondeur relative pourrait être augmentée.According to a preferred embodiment each lamella has a depth of approximately 4mm and a width of approximately 2mm for a height of block 2, 3 of approximately 6mm. Of course other dimensional characteristics may be provided, in particular depending on the material constituting said soles and the temperature range of use. It is important that the strips 10 have a depth not exceeding three quarters of the height of the associated block 2, 3, so as to limit the wear of said strips and avoid wear premature. However, depending on the desired effect, this relative depth could be increased.

Les figures 4 et 5 illustrent le fonctionnement des lamelles 10. Au repos, c'est-à-dire en l'absence de charge comme représenté sur la figure 4, l'écartement "e" entre deux lamelles successives est nul et les lamelles 10 apparaissent parfaitement jointives. Comme le montre bien la figure 4, les lamelles 10 sont parfaitement parallèles et sensiblement droites au repos.Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the operation of the slats 10. At rest, that is to say in the absence of charge as shown in FIG. 4, the spacing "e" between two strips successive is zero and the strips 10 appear perfectly contiguous. As shown in Figure 4, the strips 10 are perfectly parallel and substantially straight at rest.

Lors de la marche, des efforts tangentiels T se produisent, les lamelles 10 se déforment alors élastiquement comme montré en "d" à la figure 5 et s'opposent au glissement de la semelle, même sur de la glace. When walking, tangential forces T occur, the lamellae 10 deform then elastically as shown in "d" in Figure 5 and oppose the sliding of the sole, even on ice.

Par ailleurs, comme les lamelles 10 sont très serrées les unes par rapport aux autres, on évite l'effet d'accumulation ou "bottage" de neige connu dans les systèmes antérieurs et l'effet résistance au glissement ne se modifie pas dans le temps.Furthermore, as the lamellae 10 are very tight relative to each other, we avoids the snow accumulation or "kick" effect known in previous systems and the effect slip resistance does not change over time.

De préférence, comme montré plus particulièrement à la figure 6, des canaux 15 et 16 de profondeur inférieure à celle des lamelles 10, en l'occurrence de profondeur environ égale à 2 ou 3mm, sont ménagés pour évacuer l'eau se formant lors du frottement de la semelle sur de la glace ou pour casser ledit film d'eau.Preferably, as shown more particularly in FIG. 6, channels 15 and 16 of depth less than that of the slats 10, in this case of depth approximately equal to 2 or 3mm, are provided to evacuate the water that forms when the sole rubs on the ice or to break said film of water.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 1, les canaux 15 et 16 sont longitudinaux mais d'autres formes peuvent également être envisagées comme décrit ultérieurement.In the example of Figure 1, the channels 15 and 16 are longitudinal but other shapes can also be envisaged as described later.

Les crampons périphériques 20 sont, contrairement aux lamelles 10, très espacés de façon à fournir une tenue de type "crémaillère". En d'autres termes, et comme montré sur la figure 3, lors du déroulement du pied lors de la marche (flèche M), les premiers crampons 21 vont travailler de haut en bas vers l'arrière (flèche C) en compactant la neige, puis les crampons suivants 22 le cisailler (flèche S) pour fournir l'accroche sur neige souhaitée.The peripheral studs 20 are, unlike the lamellae 10, very spaced apart so as to provide a rack type outfit. In other words, and as shown in Figure 3, during the unwinding of the foot during walking (arrow M), the first spikes 21 go work from top to bottom backwards (arrow C) compacting the snow, then the crampons following 22 shear it (arrow S) to provide the grip on snow desired.

Ces crampons 20 ont de préférence une forme très "carrée", sensiblement rectangulaire, avec de nombreuses arêtes droites 25 pour une accroche optimale. Chaque crampon 20 sera par ailleurs muni d'au moins un canal 26 pour l'évacuation de l'eau. Chaque crampon 20 a une dimension en direction longitudinale d'environ 10 à 15 mm et une dimension en direction transversale variante entre 20 mm et 40 mm. Deux crampons successifs sont séparés d'environ 10 mm, de façon à bien avoir l'effet d'accroche crémaillère souhaité. Ainsi, les lamelles 10 et les crampons 20 coopèrent pour une tenue optimum sur la neige et sur la glace.These spikes 20 preferably have a very "square", substantially rectangular shape, with many straight edges 25 for optimal grip. Each crampon 20 will be in addition provided with at least one channel 26 for the evacuation of water. Each crampon 20 has a dimension in longitudinal direction of about 10 to 15 mm and one dimension in direction transverse variant between 20 mm and 40 mm. Two successive spikes are separated by about 10 mm, so as to have the desired racking effect. Thus, the slats 10 and the studs 20 cooperate for optimum hold on snow and ice.

Les crampons 20 sont de préférence réalisés dans le même matériau que les lamelles 10. Selon le cas et l'effet recherché, tel que par exemple utilisation sur une neige très meuble, les crampons 20 pourront être en un matériau polymère plus dur allant jusqu'à 70 shore A.The studs 20 are preferably made of the same material as the strips 10. Depending on the case and the desired effect, such as for example use on very loose snow, the studs 20 may be made of a harder polymer material up to 70 shore A.

Les lamelles 10 peuvent être rectilignes comme représenté sur la figure 1, mais de préférence elles auront une forme de type sinusoïdale pour fournir une accroche dans différentes directions.The lamellae 10 may be rectilinear as shown in FIG. 1, but of preferably they will have a sinusoidal shape to provide grip in different directions.

La figure 2 illustre un mode de réalisation préféré dans lequel les lamelles 10 sont en forme de chevron, c'est-à-dire orientées selon un triangle. Dans ce cas, les lamelles 10 du pavé arrière 3 sont orientées en sens inverse des lamelles du pavé avant 2 pour avoir plus une action de freinage lors de l'attaque talon.FIG. 2 illustrates a preferred embodiment in which the strips 10 are shaped chevron, i.e. oriented in a triangle. In this case, the slats 10 of the block rear 3 are oriented in the opposite direction of the slats of the front pad 2 to have more action braking during the heel attack.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, on remarquera également la forme des canaux d'évacuation 15, 16 qui s'étendent à la fois en direction longitudinale L et en direction transversale D.In the example of Figure 2, we will also notice the shape of the evacuation channels 15, 16 which extend both in the longitudinal direction L and in the transverse direction D.

Bien entendu, la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits ci-avant à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, mais englobe tous les modes de réalisation similaires ou équivalents.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above by way of nonlimiting examples, but encompasses all similar embodiments or equivalent.

Claims (14)

Semelle pour marche sur glace et/ou neige, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte, dans au moins une zone centrale de la surface de marche, une série de lamelles (10) jointives à l'état repos, et en ce qu'elle comporte des crampons (20) à sa périphérie externe.Sole for walking on ice and / or snow, characterized in that it comprises, in at least one central zone of the walking surface, a series of strips (10) contiguous in the rest state, and in that it has studs (20) at its outer periphery. Semelle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les lamelles (10) s'étendent dans une direction sensiblement transversale par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (L) de la semelle.Sole according to claim 1, characterized in that the lamellae (10) extend in a substantially transverse direction relative to the longitudinal axis (L) of the sole. Semelle selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les lamelles (10) sont essentiellement droites.Sole according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the lamellae (10) are essentially straight. Semelle selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les lamelles (10) sont en forme de chevrons.Sole according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the strips (10) are in the form of chevrons. Semelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une série de lamelles (10) dans sa zone centrale avant (2).Sole according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has a series of strips (10) in its front central zone (2). Semelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une série de lamelles (10) dans sa zone centrale arrière (3).Sole according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a series of strips (10) in its rear central zone (3). Semelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que chaque lamelle (10) a une largeur d'environ 2mm.Sole according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each strip (10) has a width of approximately 2mm. Semelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que chaque lamelle (10) a une profondeur d'environ 4mm.Sole according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each strip (10) has a depth of approximately 4mm. Semelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que chaque série de lamelles (10) est interrompue par des canaux (15, 16) s'étendant à la fois en direction transversale et longitudinale.Sole according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that each series of lamellae (10) is interrupted by channels (15, 16) extending both in transverse and longitudinal directions. Semelle selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que chaque canal (15, 16) a une profondeur maximale d'environ 3mm.Sole according to claim 9, characterized in that each channel (15, 16) has a maximum depth of approximately 3mm. Semelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte des crampons (20) à sa périphérie externe.Sole according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it has studs (20) at its outer periphery. Semelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée d'un matériau polymère d'une dureté d'environ 55 shore A.Sole according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it consists of a polymer material with a hardness of around 55 shore A. Chaussure caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une semelle de marche selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12.Shoe characterized in that it comprises a walking sole according to any one of claims 1 to 12. Semelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que chaque crampon (20) comporte un canal (26) d'évacuation d'eau.Sole according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that each stud (20) has a channel (26) for discharging water.
EP02023508A 2001-11-21 2002-10-22 Shoe sole Expired - Lifetime EP1314369B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0115210 2001-11-21
FR0115210A FR2832296B1 (en) 2001-11-21 2001-11-21 SOLE OF A SHOE

Publications (2)

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EP1314369A1 true EP1314369A1 (en) 2003-05-28
EP1314369B1 EP1314369B1 (en) 2007-04-11

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EP02023508A Expired - Lifetime EP1314369B1 (en) 2001-11-21 2002-10-22 Shoe sole

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US (1) US7174659B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1314369B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE358999T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60219408T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2283496T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2832296B1 (en)

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DE60219408D1 (en) 2007-05-24
DE60219408T2 (en) 2008-01-03
ES2283496T3 (en) 2007-11-01
ATE358999T1 (en) 2007-05-15
US20030093922A1 (en) 2003-05-22
EP1314369B1 (en) 2007-04-11
US7174659B2 (en) 2007-02-13
FR2832296A1 (en) 2003-05-23
FR2832296B1 (en) 2004-04-02

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