EP1313918A1 - Utilisation de compositions a base d'amidon dans la fabrication du papier - Google Patents

Utilisation de compositions a base d'amidon dans la fabrication du papier

Info

Publication number
EP1313918A1
EP1313918A1 EP01930627A EP01930627A EP1313918A1 EP 1313918 A1 EP1313918 A1 EP 1313918A1 EP 01930627 A EP01930627 A EP 01930627A EP 01930627 A EP01930627 A EP 01930627A EP 1313918 A1 EP1313918 A1 EP 1313918A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
starch
cooking
temperature
process according
cooked
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01930627A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kevin Ray Anderson
David Edward Garlie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cargill Inc
Original Assignee
Cargill Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/635,962 external-priority patent/US6451170B1/en
Application filed by Cargill Inc filed Critical Cargill Inc
Publication of EP1313918A1 publication Critical patent/EP1313918A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
    • D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
    • D21H17/28—Starch
    • D21H17/29—Starch cationic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
    • D21H23/06—Controlling the addition

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is directed to improved starch compositions, and methods of making and using the improved starch compositions, i particular, the disclosure is directed to starch compositions for use in papermaking processes, and to methods of preparing, manipulating and using the starch compositions during manufacture of paper products.
  • Numerous paper products are manufactured from fibers. These products are often manufactured from an aqueous slurry containing modified cellulose fibers derived from various plant sources. The slurry is formed in the wet end of a papermaking machine, where paper fiber is formed into a dilute water slurry and combined with a variety of materials before being distributed onto a paper machine wire. The water is subsequently removed from the slurry in a controlled manner to form a web, which is pressed and dried to create a finished paper product.
  • Additives can be incorporated into the slurry to enhance the papermaking process and to improve the finished papers' aesthetic and functional properties.
  • additives can include starch compositions incorporated during the wet end of the papermaking process to improve drainage and retention, to add strength, and to improve formation properties of the paper.
  • Starch compositions can increase ink penetration times, reduce lateral spread of printing inks, and improve imaging and contrast.
  • Starch compositions can also increase the surface integrity of papers, thereby decreasing picking in uses such as printing and photocopying.
  • Other ingredients that can be incorporated into paper are microparticles, including specialty clays, silica, and other functional fine particles. These microparticles are often added during the wet end of the papermaking machine.
  • microparticles can be added.
  • One of the challenges of using microparticles during papermaking is that the microparticles are not all retained on the web as the paper is formed.
  • the microparticles that are not retained often end up being discharged, which can be expensive because the particles are not used. Therefore, it is desirable to enhance particle retention.
  • Drainage, or de- watering ability is another important consideration in the manufacture of paper because it is related to how fast a paper machine can remove water from the web.
  • improved dewatering corresponds to higher speeds on paper machines and to higher production rates of paper.
  • Papermakers often seek to retain all fiber and particulates on the wire at the greatest speed economically possible, without sacrificing product quality.
  • papermakers often experience drainage limitations while trying to maintain product quality, and therefore it is desirable to have high drainage values such that the paper can be made at high speeds and high quality.
  • the present disclosure relates to starches, for example cationic crosslinked starches, and to the use of those starches in papermaking. More particularly, the present disclosure is directed to starch and its use in wet end processing of a paper machine.
  • the practices of the disclosure are particularly adapted for customization of the starch properties for specific wet end systems, and allow for modification of the starch properties to correspond to variations in the wet end of the papermaking machine.
  • the starch can also be modified during production by adjusting the starch functionality in the papermaking process. By selectively changing the crosslinking level of the starch, the drainage and retention properties of the paper furnish containing the starch are altered, which permits the starch properties to be tailored to provide improved performance depending upon the characteristics of the paper furnish in which it will be used.
  • the starch properties can further be adjusted immediately prior to use in the wet end of the papermaking machine in order to tailor the starch to the specific conditions existing in the papermaking machine. In this manner, the starch can be tailored to improve drainage and retention.
  • This customization occurs, for example, by modification of the temperature at which the starch composition is cooked prior to addition to the wet end, by changing the period of time for cooking the starch, by changing the pressure at which the starch is cooked, and/or by changing the solids content of the starch prior to cooking.
  • the properties of the starch are altered and can be conformed to specific conditions of various papermaking processes. For example, by cooking at higher or lower temperatures the starch properties are altered, and these altered properties can be used to improve wet end performance.
  • One implementation of the disclosure is a process for improving a papermaking method.
  • the process comprises providing a papermaking furnish containing cellulosic fibers in an aqueous slurry to which is added a starch composition.
  • the starch composition is typically a crosslinked cationic starch.
  • the starch is cooked prior to addition to the papermaking furnish at a cooking temperature typically below 330 °F, and more typically from 180 to 250 °F, and even more typically less than 220 °F or 230 oF.
  • Such cooking temperatures are typically average cooking temperatures, which corresponds to the average temperature measured from two or more temperatures over time.
  • Microparticles including nanoparticles, are also incorporated into the papermaking furnish to enhance machine performance, such as drainage and retention, and these microparticles typically have an average diameter of less than 1.0 micron, and more typically less than 0.1 microns. Suitable microparticles include, for example, various silica and clays.
  • the cationic crosslinked starch of the disclosure is typically mixed as a wet end additive into a paper furnish having a pH of from about 4.0 to about 9.0 in the wet end.
  • the general manufacturing process for paper, including the term "wet end” is described generally in Pulp & Paper Manufacture, Vol. Ill, Papermaking and Paperboard Making, R. G. McDonald, editor, J. N. Franklin, tech. editor, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1970.
  • the starch and methods are used to improve dewatering of papermaking furnishes.
  • the dewatering rate is evaluated. If this dewatering rate is unsatisfactory, then the cooking temperature of the starch is modified in order to alter the dewatering properties.
  • the modification of the cooking temperature should be sufficient to produce a modification in the dewatering or first pass retention of the papermaking furnish.
  • the amount of modification in the temperature is greater than 1 °F, and more typically at least 5 ⁇ >F. In specific implementations, the amount is from 5 to 10 °F. In certain implementations the modification is at least about 10 °F.
  • the temperature is increased in certain implementations, and decreased in other implementations, depending upon the dewatering or drainage performance prior to modification of the cooking temperature.
  • the temperature can be initially lowered by a specific temperature (for example, 5 °F). If this lowering shows improvement in dewatering, then the temperature can be maintained at this new temperature. Alternatively, the temperature can be further lowered to seek even greater improvements in dewatering levels. If this lower temperature improves the dewatering properties, then the temperature can be kept at this level (or lowered further to seek even greater improvements). However, if this lower temperature does not improve the dewatering properties, then the temperature can be raised back to the previous level. Alternatively, the temperature can be raised part way back to the previous level.
  • a specific temperature for example, 5 °F.
  • the temperature should typically be raised above the initial temperature to determine if the dewatering properties improve. If the dewatering properties do not improve, then the temperature should be returned to the initial temperature or returned to a temperature intermediate the initial temperature and the raised temperature. If the dewatering properties do improve, then the temperature can be maintained at the heightened temperature or raised again to seek an even greater temperature.
  • the temperature at which the starch is cooked is used to alter the properties of the starch produced, thereby tailoring those properties to the wet-end properties of a paper machine.
  • these properties can be adjusted by modification of the pressure at which the starch is cooked and by changing the solids content of the starch prior to being cooked.
  • the starch is typically cooked in a jet cooker at a pressure of less than 100 pounds per square inch; and the starch is typically added to the jet cooker at a solids content of less than 10 percent.
  • the starch composition can be tailored to the specific properties of the wet end furnish to which they are added.
  • the temperature, pressure, and solids levels be independently modified to improve the wet end performance, but they can be modified together to change the starch properties. For example, all three parameters can be changed, the temperature and pressure can be changed, the temperature and solids content can be changed, or the pressure and solids content can be changed. Also, besides drainage and retention, other improvements can be made in the wet end properties, such as improvements in line speed that are often observed along with improvements in drainage and retention.
  • a further implementation includes a process for adjusting a papermaking method.
  • the process entails adjusting the temperature at which the starch composition is cooked in order to obtain improved drainage or retention properties of the papermaking furnish.
  • the process includes providing a papermaking furnish containing cellulosic fibers and microparticles in an aqueous slurry, and providing a starch composition formulated for addition to the papermaking furnish. A portion of the starch composition is cooked at an initial temperature and then added to the papermaking furnish. The furnish is subsequently dewatered to form a cellulosic fiber web.
  • Figure 1 is a chart depicting particle size distribution of example wet end starches, one of which has been crosslinked and one of which has not.
  • Figure 2 is a chart depicting the average particle size of a crosslinked cationic starch cooked at various jet cooking temperatures.
  • Figure 3 is a chart depicting the particle size distribution of example wet end additives.
  • Figure 4 is a chart depicting drainage of a crosslinked cationic starch and a non-crosslinked cationic starch that have been cooked at various temperatures.
  • Figure 5 is a chart depicting the viscosity of a crosslinked cationic starch and a non-crosslinked cationic starch that have been cooked at various temperatures.
  • Figure 6 is a chart depicting the average particle size of a crosslinked cationic starch and a non-crosslinked cationic starch that have been cooked at various temperatures.
  • the present disclosure relates to starches, including cationic crosslinked starches, and to the use of those starches in papermaking. More particularly, the present disclosure is directed to cationized crosslinked starch and to use of the starch in the wet end system of a paper machine.
  • the starch is adapted for customization to various wet end conditions, and allows for modification to correspond to variations in the wet end of the papermaking machine.
  • a cationic starch which has been crosslinked after cationization is added to paper pulp or furnish during paper manufacture.
  • the starch is cooked prior to addition at the wet end of the papermaking machine and the cooking parameters are adjusted in order to improve the properties of the wet end furnish, such as particle retention and drainage of the furnish. In this manner the properties of the starch are customized so as to conform to the specific conditions of the wet end of the paper machine.
  • the following detailed description includes specific starch compositions, methods of adjusting the properties of the starch compositions to conform to the conditions of the papermaking process, and improvements in the papermaking performance, including improved drainage and improved first pass retention and microparticle retention.
  • the present disclosure is directed to starch compositions suitable for use in the wet end stage of paper manufacturing.
  • the starch compositions of the disclosure possess properties permitting them to be modified during cooking to improve performance during the papermaking process.
  • the starch can be selected from a variety of starches, including corn (such as waxy corn or dent corn), potato, sorghum, tapioca, wheat, rice, etc.
  • the starch is preferably a corn starch, and typically a dent corn starch, and more typically a cationized dent corn starch.
  • the starch should have hydroxyl groups or another functional groups to permit crosslinking. Additional properties relating to crosslinking levels, viscosity, substitution levels, and particle size are described below.
  • the starch is typically crosslinked with a crosslinker which is reactive with the hydroxyl functionality of the starch.
  • the crosslinked starch permits a greater range in particle sizes compared to non-crosslinked starch. This range of particle sizes allows greater opportunity to improve wet-end performance. Without being limited to a theory of use, it is believed that improved performance is obtained when starch particle size closely correlates to that of other particles in the furnish. Although the starch particles can be smaller than the paper fibers and larger then microparticle additives, a relationship is believed to exist between the sizes of the various particles (fiber, starch, and microparticle).
  • a graph is shown depicting the particle size profiles of non-crosslinked cationic dent corn starch compared to crosslinked cationic dent corn starch.
  • the non-crosslinked cationic dent starch has a narrow particle size distribution, while the crosslinked cationic starch has a wide particle size distribution. This greater distribution is believed to allow for greater probability of particle-particle collisions to occur among the particulates of the wet end furnish and the starch, thus resulting in increased retention of the microparticles.
  • the starch is formulated with a crosslinker, which can be a polyfunctional organic or inorganic compound wherein functional groups, such as epoxides or anhydrides, on the crosslinker are reactive with hydroxyl groups on the starch.
  • the starch can be crosslinked with polyepoxide compounds such as a polyaminepolyepoxide resin, phosphorousoxychloride, 1 ,4 butanediol diglycidyl ether, dianhydrides, acetals, and polyfunctional silanes.
  • the crosslinker can also be sodium trimetaphosphate.
  • the level of crosslinking relates substantially to the starch viscosity.
  • changes in viscosity can be implemented in part by altering the level of crosslinking.
  • the amount of crosslinking is a function of the time and kind of crosslinker, as well as reaction conditions, all of which are chosen to provide a viscosity in a specified range.
  • the cationic crosslinked starch is typically crosslinked to a hot paste viscosity in the range of about 10 cps to about 3000 cps, typically from about 50 cps to 3000 cps, preferably from about 200 cps to about 3000 cps as measured on a Brookfield viscometer at 2.0 percent starch solids at 95 ⁇ > C, at 20 rpm, using a number 21 spindle in accordance with the method taught in U.S. Patent No. 5,122,231, incorporated herein by reference.
  • the starch viscosity can be measured using breakdown viscosity in accordance with the methodology disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
  • the percent breakdown viscosity is typically greater than 85 percent, and more typically greater than 90 percent. In a preferred implementation the breakdown viscosity is greater than 95 percent.
  • Suitable starch compositions are desirably cationic starches that retain a positive charge when dissolved in water.
  • the starch preferably contains a quaternary ammonium ion, which gives enhanced flexibility in pH. Frequently, such quaternary ammom ' um-containing starch is derivatized by etherification of hydroxyl groups with an appropriate etherifying agent.
  • the etherifying agent has a cationic character such as (3-chloro-2 hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, the methyl chloride quaternary salt of N-(2,3-epoxypropyl) dimethylamine or N-(2,3-epoxypropyl) dibutylamine or N-(2,3-epoxypropyl)methylaniline.
  • a cationic character such as (3-chloro-2 hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, the methyl chloride quaternary salt of N-(2,3-epoxypropyl) dimethylamine or N-(2,3-epoxypropyl) dibutylamine or N-(2,3-epoxypropyl)methylaniline.
  • the degree of substitution is defined as the average number of hydroxyl groups on each anhydroglucose unit which are derivatized with substituent groups.
  • the DS serves as a measure of the charge on the cationized and crosslinked starch and is related to the average number of monovalent cations on the hydroxyl groups on each anhydroglucose unit.
  • Degree of substitution is described generally in STARCH: Chemistry and Technology, second edition, R. L. Whister, J. N. Bemiller, and E. F. Paschall, editors, Academic Press, Inc., 1984.
  • the starch is typically cationized to a degree of substitution (DS) of greater than 0.005, but not greater than 0.100, more typically to a DS of about 0.030 to about 0.070.
  • the starch preferably has a DS of from 0.030 and 0.040.
  • the starch can be cationized by any known method, such as by reacting it in an alkaline medium with tertiary or quaternary amines followed by neutralization, and washing and drying as desired.
  • Known methods for cationizing starch are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,146,515 to Buikema et al. and 4,840,705 to Dceda et al, incorporated herein by reference.
  • corn starch is cationized by reaction of the starch with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride in an alkaline medium provided by sodium hydroxide to form the cationic (2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride starch ether with a molar degree of substitution (DS) of the ether on the starch in the range of from 0.030 to 0.040.
  • DS molar degree of substitution
  • the starch compositions of the present disclosure are advantageous in that they permit modification of the particle size based upon the nature of the starch composition and the manner in which it is cooked, including the temperature, pressure, and solids level.
  • the particle sizes can be changed in order to provide the most advantageous properties in the wet end finish.
  • the starch particle size can be determined using a particle size distribution analysis, such as using Mie scattering theory incorporated into size distribution analyzers made by Horiba, hie, including LA910 size distribution analyzer. Mie scattering theory does not provide a direct measurement of diameter, but indicates at least the relative particle size.
  • FIG. 2 an example particle size distribution of a starch composition made in accordance with the disclosure is shown.
  • the particle size distribution changes significantly for the crosslinked starch.
  • the average particle size changes as cooking temperature changes from about 190 to 265 °F. The maximum size is obtained at low cooking temperatures.
  • the average particle size also changes, allowing for close tailoring of the particle size to the specific wet end furnish to which the starch is added.
  • Microparticles are also incorporated into the papermaking furnish.
  • the microparticles typically aid in drainage, and can function as a flocculent. Suitable microparticles include silica and clays.
  • concentration of microparticles added to the wet end furnish in accordance with the disclosure will vary depending upon the desired properties of the finished paper product, along with retention levels obtained.
  • Microparticles are typically added at a concentration of less than 5.0 pounds per ton of fiber, and more typically less than 2.0 pounds per ton of fiber.
  • the microparticles typically have an average diameter of less than 1.0 micron, and more typically less than 0.5 microns. Drainage aids such as colloidal silica often have an average diameter of about 0.1 ⁇ m, fillers are typically 1 to 50 ⁇ m, latex conglomerates are from 10 to 100 ⁇ m, and fiber is often 200 ⁇ m or greater.
  • a particle size distribution for typical wet end ingredients is shown, including silica, titanium dioxide, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), and white water.
  • the particle sizes vary depending upon the type of particle.
  • Silica has a particle size of approximately 0.10 ⁇ m
  • titanium dioxide has an average particle size of approximately 0.8 ⁇ m and a range of 0.5 to 1.0 ⁇ m.
  • PCC ranges from approximately 1.0 ⁇ m to over 10 ⁇ m.
  • White water ranges broadly from less than 1.0 ⁇ m to over 10 ⁇ m.
  • the starch composition should be adjusted to optimize drainage and particle retention. It is often necessary to adjust the starch particle size to correspond to the various microparticle sizes. This is true when the microparticle sizes vary during paper manufacture, either as an intentional change in particle size or concentration, or as an inadvertent result of changes in the papermaking furnish.
  • the present disclosure allows papermakers to cook the starch compositions in a manner such that the starch properties, including particle size and particle size distribution, are optimized to coincide with the papermaker's general wet end properties, including particle size and particle size distribution of the particulates in the wet end. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that this variation in particle size of the starch compositions is correlated to changes in drainage and retention.
  • the particle sizes of the starch properly correlate to the particle sizes of the inorganic and organic (e.g. fiber, latex) particles added to the starch, the furnish achieves enhanced drainage and retention properties, among other properties.
  • the broad starch particle size range can be manipulated with the papermaker's starch cooker. The ability to change the particle size and particle size population to coincide with the papermakers* wet end allows superior retention and drainage performance.
  • the starch properties are modified by altering the starch cooking temperature, in particular the temperature at which the starch is jet cooked.
  • the improved starch and cooking temperature adjustment methods are used to improve dewatering of papermaking furnishes and/or the retention of microparticles. As the furnish is dewatered during the papermaking process, the dewatering rate is evaluated. If this dewatering rate is unsatisfactory, then the cooking temperature of the starch is modified in order to alter the dewatering properties. The modification of the cooking temperature should be sufficient to produce a modification in the dewatering or first pass retention of the papermaking furnish. Thus, temperature changes should be of great enough magnitude to impact the papermaking furnish properties.
  • the amount of modification in the temperature is greater than 1 oF, and more typically greater than 5 °F. In specific implementations, the amount is from 5 to 10 °F. In certain implementations the modification is at least about 10 °F.
  • the temperature is increased in certain implementations, and decreased in other implementations, depending upon the dewatering or drainage performance prior to modification of the cooking temperature.
  • the papermaking process includes the steps of cooking a starch component, dewatering a paper furnish, and then adjusting the dewatering rate by changing the cooking temperature of the starch component.
  • the first step, cooking the starch component includes cooking at a first average cooking temperature below 330 °F for a first period of time a cationized crosslinked starch having a hot paste viscosity in the range of from about 50 cps to about 3000 cps as measured in a Brookfield viscometer in at 2.0 percent starch solids at 95 ⁇ > C, at 20 rpm, using a number 21 spindle.
  • the furnish includes cellulosic fibers in an aqueous slurry, inorganic particles comprising at least 50 percent by weight particles having an average particle size of no greater than 1 micron, and the cooked starch component.
  • the rate of dewatering is adjusted by cooking the starch composition at a second temperature at least 10 ⁇ >F different than the first average cooking temperature.
  • the second average cooking temperature is from 200 to 250 °F, and in other implementations the second average cooking temperature is less than 230 °F.
  • the microparticles can include silica, clay, and combinations thereof.
  • Additional steps can include determination of particle retention and modification of temperature to adjust retention.
  • the starch composition can be cooked in a jet cooker, and at a pressure of less than 150 pounds per square inch, hi specific implementations the starch is added to the jet cooker at a solids content of from 1 to 10 percent.
  • the temperature can be kept at this level (or lowered further to seek even greater improvements). However, if this lower temperature does not improve the dewatering properties, then the temperature can be raised back to the previous temperature. Alternatively, the temperature can be raised to part way back to the previous temperature. If the initial lowering does not result in an improvement in the dewatering properties, then the temperature should typically be raised above the initial temperature to determine if the dewatering properties improve. If the dewatering properties do not improve, then the temperature should be returned to the initial temperature or returned to a temperature intermediate the imtial temperature and the raised temperature. If the dewatering properties do improve, then the temperature can be maintained at the heightened temperature or raised again. In this manner the temperature at which the starch is cooked is used to alter the properties of the starch produced, thereby tailoring those properties to the wet-end properties of a paper machine.
  • the starch properties are modified by altering the starch cooking pressures, in particular the pressures at which the starch is jet cooked.
  • the dewatering or retention rate is evaluated. If the dewatering or retention rates are unsatisfactory, then the cooking pressure of the starch is modified in order to alter the dewatering or retention properties.
  • the modification of the cooking pressure should be sufficient to produce a modification in the dewatering or first pass retention of the papermaking furnish.
  • the amount of modification in the cooking pressure is greater than at least 1 psi, and more typically greater than 5 psi. hi specific implementations, the amount is from 10 to 60 psi. In certain implementations the modification is at least about 20 psi.
  • the pressure is increased in certain implementations, and decreased in other implementations, depending upon the dewatering or drainage performance prior to modification of the cooking pressure.
  • the papermaking process includes the steps of cooking a starch component, dewatering a paper furnish, and then adjusting the dewatering rate by changing the cooking pressure of the starch component.
  • the first step, cooking the starch component includes cooking a cationized crosslinked starch having a hot paste viscosity in the range of from about 10 to 3000 cps, more typically 50 to 3000 cps, and preferably 200 cps to about 3000 cps as measured in a Brookfield viscometer at about 2.0 percent starch solids and about 95 °C using a No. 21 spindle.
  • the furnish includes cellulosic fibers in an aqueous slurry, inorganic particles comprising at least 50 percent by weight particles having an average particle size of no greater than 1 micron, and the cooked starch component.
  • the rate of dewatering is adjusted by cooking the starch composition at a second pressure at least 10 psi different than the first average cooking pressure. Additional steps can include determination of particle retention and modification of pressure to adjust retention.
  • the starch is added to the jet cooker at a solids content of from 1 to 10 percent.
  • the pressure can be initially lowered by a specific amount (for example, 10 psi). If this lowering shows improvement in dewatering or retention, then the pressure can be maintained at this new pressure. Alternatively, the pressure can be further lowered to seek even greater improvements in dewatering or retention levels. If this lower pressure improves the dewatering properties, then the pressure can be kept at this level (or lowered further to seek even greater improvements). However, if this lower pressure does not improve the dewatering properties, then the pressure can be raised back to the previous pressure. Alternatively, the pressure can be raised to part way back to the previous pressure.
  • a specific amount for example, 10 psi
  • the pressure should typically be raised above the initial psi to determine if the dewatering or retention properties improve. If the properties do not improve, then the pressure should be returned to the initial pressure or returned to a pressure intermediate the initial pressure and the raised pressure. If the properties do improve, then the pressure can be maintained at the heightened pressure or raised again to seek an even greater temperature. In this manner and similar manners the pressure at which the starch is cooked is used to alter the properties of the starch produced, thereby tailoring those properties to the wet-end properties of a paper machine.
  • the starch properties are modified by altering the starch solids levels at which the starch is cooked, and in particular the solids levels a which the starch is jet cooked.
  • the improved starch and methods are used to improve dewatering of papermaking furnishes and/or the retention of microparticles. As the furnish is dewatered during the papermaking process, the dewatering rate is evaluated. If this dewatering rate is unsatisfactory, then the solids levels of the starch is modified in order to alter the dewatering properties.
  • the modification of the solids levels should be sufficient to produce a modification in the dewatering or first pass retention of the papermaking furnish.
  • the amount of modification in the solids levels is greater than 1 percent, and more typically greater than 2 percent. In specific implementations, the amount is from 3 to 10 percent. In certain implementations the modification is at least about 5 percent.
  • the solids levels is increased in certain implementations, and decreased in other implementations, depending upon the dewatering or drainage performance prior to modification of the solids levels.
  • the papermaking process includes the steps of cooking a starch component, dewatering a paper furnish, and then adjusting the dewatering rate by changing the solids levels of the starch component prior to cooking in a jet cooker.
  • the first step, cooking the starch component includes cooking a cationized crosslinked starch in a jet cooker.
  • the starch component prior to cooking has a hot paste viscosity in the range of from about 10 cps to 3000 cps, more typically 50 cps to 3000 cps, preferably 200 cps to about 3000 cps as measured in a Small Sample Brookfield Viscometer System (SSB) at 2.0 percent starch solids at 95° C, at 20 rpm, using a number 21 spindle as measured after 10 minutes.
  • SSB Small Sample Brookfield Viscometer System
  • the furnish includes cellulosic fibers in an aqueous slurry, inorganic particles comprising at least 50 percent by weight particles having an average particle size of no greater than 1 micron, and the cooked starch component.
  • the rate of dewatering is adjusted by cooking the starch composition at a second solids levels at least 1 percent different than the first average solids levels.
  • the second average solids levels is from 5 to 6 percent, and in other implementations the second average solids levels is less than 5 percent.
  • the microparticles can include silica, clay, and combinations thereof.
  • Additional steps can include determination of particle retention and modification of solids levels to adjust retention.
  • the starch composition can be cooked in a jet cooker, and at a pressure of from 10 to 30 pounds per square inch. In specific implementations the starch is cooked at a temperature from 200 to 300° F. Due to the complexity of the furnish properties, it is sometimes necessary to determine the proper change in solids levels through iterative changes in solids levels followed by evaluation of the paper properties. These changes involve making adjustments from the initial solids level to determine if the changes will improve retention, drainage, or other paper products. Such changes seek to optimize starch properties by adjusting the solids level until the properties approach preferred ranges. For example, when dewatering properties are unsatisfactory or show deterioration, the solids levels can be initially lowered by a specific amount.
  • the solids levels can be maintained at this new solids levels. Alternatively, the solids levels can be further lowered to seek even greater improvements in dewatering levels. If this lower solids levels improves the dewatering properties, then the solids levels can be kept at this level (or lowered further to seek even greater improvements). However, if this lower solids levels does not improve the dewatering properties, then the solids levels can be raised back to the previous solids levels. Alternatively, the solids levels can be raised to part way back to the previous solids levels.
  • improved performance of the papermaking machine is obtained, such as by reducing the number of runability upsets, and will allow paper makers increased production throughput.
  • This enhanced throughput can be the result of reducing the amount of paper that fails to conform to performance specifications, to improving drainage of the paper slurry, and increasing machine speed.
  • the starch is cooked and added to the wet end furnish, which contains cellulosic fibers.
  • the furnish can include hardwood, softwood or a hardwood/softwood fiber blend. Addition of the cationic crosslinked starch can occur at various points in the papermaking process; including prior to conversion of the wet pulp into a dry web or sheet. Thus, for example, it can be added to the fiber while the latter is in the headbox, beater, hydropulper, or stock chest.
  • the furnish can include additives, dyes, and/or fillers such as clays, CaCO 3 , alum and the like.
  • the disclosure advantageously permits the use of higher levels of starch and fillers in lieu of more expensive cellulosic fiber, the result being paper with enhanced strength made with less expensive raw materials in shorter process times with higher retention of fines and fillers.
  • Paper stock was prepared to compare the effect of changes in retention, drainage, and viscosity using crosslinked and non-crosslinked cationic dent corn starches based upon changes in cooking properties. For each type of starch, thirty pounds of starch were added per dry ton of wood fiber. The starches were cooked at temperatures from 192 to 265 °F, and solids levels were maintained from 1.28 to 1.39 percent. Average particle size of the starch particles was measured using a model LA910 Horiba Particle Size Distribution analyzer, and drainage was measured using a Dynamic Drainage Jar procedure. Preparation details are summarized in Table 1 and Table 2, below.
  • Brookfield viscosity of the cooked starch as measured at 150 °F, at the solids percent shown in Table 1, using a #21 spindle.
  • the crosslinked cationic starch demonstrated dynamic drainage from approximately 200 to 260 oF, with a peak at approximately 230 °F.
  • the non-crosslinked cationic starch demonstrated relatively flat drainage (at a level below that of the crosslinked cationic starch) in this example.
  • crosslinked cationic starch shows a change in viscosity over a broad temperature range.
  • the crosslinked cationic starch had highest viscosity at low temperatures and lowest viscosity at elevated temperatures.
  • the temperature range extended from about 200 °F up to 265 °F. Over the same temperature range the non-crosslinked 0 cationic starch did not show significant variations in viscosity.
  • Figure 6 demonstrates changes in particle size distribution over an extended jet cooking range when using a crosslinked cationic starch compared to a non- crosslinked cationic starch.
  • the particle size distribution was greatest at low jet cooking temperatures and decreased as the temperature increased.
  • the 5 non-crosslinked starch showed a substantially lower change in particle size distribution over the same temperature range.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions à base d'amidon, y compris des amidons réticulés cationiques, ainsi que des procédés d'utilisation de ces amidons dans la fabrication du papier. Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne un amidon réticulé cationisé et son utilisation dans le système à partie humide d'une machine à papier. Les compositions à base d'amidon de l'invention sont particulièrement adaptée pour la personnalisation de systèmes spécifiques à partie humide et permettent d'obtenir une correspondance entre les modifications apportées et les variations de la partie humide de la machine à papier.
EP01930627A 2000-08-10 2001-04-20 Utilisation de compositions a base d'amidon dans la fabrication du papier Withdrawn EP1313918A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/635,962 US6451170B1 (en) 2000-08-10 2000-08-10 Starch compositions and methods for use in papermaking
US635962 2000-08-10
US09/740,278 US6524440B2 (en) 2000-08-10 2000-12-19 Starch compositions and methods for use in papermaking
PCT/US2001/012937 WO2002014602A1 (fr) 2000-08-10 2001-04-20 Utilisation de compositions a base d'amidon dans la fabrication du papier
US740278 2003-12-18

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EP1313918A1 true EP1313918A1 (fr) 2003-05-28

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JP (1) JP2004506819A (fr)
CN (1) CN1237225C (fr)
AU (2) AU2001257144B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR0113168A (fr)
CA (1) CA2423386A1 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA03001288A (fr)
RU (1) RU2258108C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002014602A1 (fr)

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FR2854898B1 (fr) * 2003-05-12 2007-07-13 Roquette Freres Procede de cationisation d'amidons issus de legumineuses, amidons cationiques ainsi obtenus et leurs applications
DE10340486A1 (de) * 2003-09-03 2005-03-31 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines stärkehaltigen Auftragsmediums auf eine Faserstoffbahn
US20060254738A1 (en) * 2005-05-16 2006-11-16 Anderson Kevin R Cationic crosslinked starch containing compositions and use thereof
LT6229B (lt) 2014-03-10 2015-10-26 Kauno technologijos universitetas Modifikuoto krakmolo flokuliantas ir jo gamybos būdas
WO2022006669A1 (fr) * 2020-07-07 2022-01-13 University Of Saskatchewan Additifs pour favoriser l'imperméabilité dans des produits fibreux

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US5368690A (en) * 1992-12-23 1994-11-29 National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation Method of papermaking using crosslinked cationic/amphoteric starches
FI970422A0 (fi) * 1997-01-31 1997-01-31 Raisio Chem Oy Foerfarande foer limning av papper

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RU2258108C2 (ru) 2005-08-10
BR0113168A (pt) 2004-06-22
MXPA03001288A (es) 2003-10-06
CN1466642A (zh) 2004-01-07
WO2002014602A1 (fr) 2002-02-21
AU5714401A (en) 2002-02-25
CN1237225C (zh) 2006-01-18
AU2001257144B2 (en) 2005-12-01
JP2004506819A (ja) 2004-03-04

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