EP1311080B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur verketteten Benutzung von SDH Karten - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur verketteten Benutzung von SDH Karten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1311080B1
EP1311080B1 EP01440377A EP01440377A EP1311080B1 EP 1311080 B1 EP1311080 B1 EP 1311080B1 EP 01440377 A EP01440377 A EP 01440377A EP 01440377 A EP01440377 A EP 01440377A EP 1311080 B1 EP1311080 B1 EP 1311080B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chain
boards
board
data rate
failed
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EP01440377A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1311080A1 (de
Inventor
Gwendal Blorec
Muy-Chu Ly
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Evolium SAS
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Evolium SAS
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Priority to EP01440377A priority Critical patent/EP1311080B1/de
Priority to AT01440377T priority patent/ATE291302T1/de
Priority to DE60109458T priority patent/DE60109458T2/de
Priority to US10/270,145 priority patent/US20030091065A1/en
Priority to CN02150246A priority patent/CN1418025A/zh
Publication of EP1311080A1 publication Critical patent/EP1311080A1/de
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Publication of EP1311080B1 publication Critical patent/EP1311080B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/04—Distributors combined with modulators or demodulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
    • H04J3/1605—Fixed allocated frame structures
    • H04J3/1611—Synchronous digital hierarchy [SDH] or SONET
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
    • H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
    • H04J2203/0003—Switching fabrics, e.g. transport network, control network
    • H04J2203/0026—Physical details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
    • H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
    • H04J2203/0057—Operations, administration and maintenance [OAM]
    • H04J2203/006—Fault tolerance and recovery

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to communications environment components for data traffic communications.
  • the present invention relates to communications environment components, such as boards, operated as chain for data traffic in a communications environment.
  • BSS base station systems
  • PCU packet control units
  • MFS Multi-BSS Fast Packet Server
  • this approach has several disadvantages which are more evident in cases where such a device (e.g. PSUs) is intended to maintain a support of lower data traffic rates and to additionally support higher data traffic rates.
  • a device e.g. PSUs
  • the higher data traffic rates are supported with respect to a part of an communications environment, e.g. an outside network external to the device, while the lower data traffic rates are supported internal of the device or with respect to another part of the communications environment.
  • both component supporting higher and lower data traffic rates are provided by the high capacity device although the support of lower date rates could be performed by the respective previous device having a relative lower capacity.
  • components of the previously used lower capacity device are also replaced by respective components of the higher capacity device.
  • US Patent number 5,327,427 discloses a self-healing meshed network using logical ring structures which can withstand a cut communication path or a failed node.
  • a logical link is formed by a cascade of physical hybrid ring segments, each composed of a pair of unidirectional communication path propagating multiplexed sub-channels and interposed add-drop multiplexed nodes and cross connect nodes terminating the segments..
  • Each cross connect nodes routes and incoming sub-channel from one segment to an outgoing sub-channel on another segment.
  • the basic idea underlying the present invention is to operate a data communications device serving as a data traffic interface, such as a packet control unit or packet server, e.g. originally used according to PDH such that components thereof, e.g. boards, having a lower performance, e.g. data rate, are cooperatively operated to support a desired higher performance.
  • a data communications device serving as a data traffic interface
  • components thereof e.g. boards, having a lower performance, e.g. data rate
  • higher load due to the higher performance to be achieved are distributed to components which are not capable to support the higher load on their own.
  • the present invention teaches to operate boards of such a data traffic interface device as a chain of boards, wherein boards of the chain share data traffic processing load required for a desired higher data traffic performance.
  • the present invention allows to operate boards of a PDH packet server originally supporting E1 interfaces of 2 Mb/s as a board chain providing SDH interfaces, e.g. STM-1, with data traffic rates of 140 Mb/s and higher.
  • a PDH packet server originally supporting E1 interfaces of 2 Mb/s as a board chain providing SDH interfaces, e.g. STM-1, with data traffic rates of 140 Mb/s and higher.
  • such boards and components thereof are configured and initialized as chain such that data traffic having a high data rate flows through and is processed by this chain.
  • no order in the chain and no rule in linking boards are pre-supposed.
  • the present invention includes solutions to operate such chained boards since conventional measures for operation can not be applied.
  • a conventional approach to detect failures for single boards or single boards not being arranged according to the invention, i.e. as chain, is an active failure detection by the equipment manager.
  • the boards are regularly monitored and considered as faulty when a presence request is not answered in a pre-defined time.
  • a further problem of known solutions is that, in general, a plurality and in particular cascades of alarms from several boards in response to a single failure will overload the system operator, both human and technical operators.
  • the present invention teaches to detect faults of boards forming a chain on the basis of correlations between alarms from the chain and failures of the chain.
  • the present invention teaches to heal failures of the chain by means of an at least N+1 redundancy.
  • a N+1 redundancy can obtained by at least one of a modification of the data traffic through the chain and a spare board which is included in the chain to compensate failed chain elements. For higher redundancies, further spare boards are contemplated.
  • the present invention provides a method for supporting different data rates in a telecommunications environment, comprising providing at least two units, each unit being capable of supporting a predefined low data rate via a low data rate interface, linking the at least two units to form a chain through which data traffic of a high data rate is to be routed such that capacities required to support the high data rate for internal data traffic are cooperatively provided by the at least two units.
  • At least one of the at least two units is provided with an interface supporting the high data rate wherein the at least one high data rate interface is operated to receive external data traffic having the high data rate.
  • the at least one high data rate interface forms the beginning of the chain.
  • At least one of the at least two units is provided with an interface supporting the high data rate wherein the at least one high data rate interface is operated to output the internal data traffic having the high data rate.
  • the at least one high data rate interface forms the end of the chain.
  • the data traffic through the chain can be considered as a bus for high data rate traffic.
  • an automatic chaining of the at least two units can be obtained by initializing the at least two units according to the capacities required for the high data rate to cooperatively support the internal data traffic. This can be complemented by detecting the at least one high data rate interface forming least one of the beginning and the end of the chain.
  • a detection of failures for the chained boards can be based on correlations defined for failures of the chain and alarms generated by the at least two units. In response to at least one alarm from the at least two units it is possible to determine a current failure of the chain on the basis of the defined correlations.
  • a faster failure detection can be accomplished by determining the current failure on the basis of the defined correlations by excluding alarms for which no correlations to failures are defined.
  • the at least one alarm When the at least one alarm is not sufficient to determine the current failure it is contemplated to receive at least one further alarm from the at least two units.
  • the receipt of the at least one further alarm can be in response to an error information communicated by one of the at least two units, following a request communicated to the at least two units or other alarm communications. Then, the current failure is determined on the basis of the defined correlations for the at least one alarm and the at least one further alarm.
  • At least one of the at least two units as susceptible to generate at least one further alarm subsequent to the at least one alarm.
  • the defined of the at least two units is monitored or checked if the at least one alarm is not sufficient to determine the current failure.
  • the current failure is specified on the basis of the defined correlations for the at least one alarm and the at least one further alarm.
  • Healing of failures for the chained units can be accomplished by detecting a current failure for the chain, determining a failed chain element associated to the current failure, and healing the current failure by at least one of reversing the direction of data traffic flow through the chain; including a further unit in the chain and operating the included further unit to replace the failed chain element; and removing one of the at least two units from the chain, the removed unit being the failed chain, including a further unit in the chain and operating the included further unit to replace the removed unit.
  • further current failures for the chain subsequent to a healed current failure can be healed by determining a further failed chain element and including another further unit in the chain and operating the included another further unit to replace the further failed chain element and/or removing another of the at least two units from the chain, the another removed unit being the further failed chain element including a another further unit in the chain and operating the included another further unit to replace the another removed unit.
  • An enhanced healing of failures includes a compensation of further failures subsequent to already healed failures by means of units currently employed for the already healed failure.
  • a subsequent failure for the chain Upon a subsequent failure for the chain, a respective failed chain element is identified.
  • a distance of the previously failed chain element and the subsequent failed chain element is determined in view of the arrangement of the at least two units in the chain.
  • a healing of the subsequent failure can be performed if the determined distance is below a predefined measure.
  • Such a healing can comprise including a another further unit in the chain and operating the included another further unit to replace the further failed chain element; and removing another of the at least two units from the chain, the another removed unit being the further failed chain element, including a another further unit in the chain and operating the included another further unit to replace the another removed unit.
  • current failures can be determined on the basis of alarms from neighboring chain elements.
  • the present invention provides devices and systems being adapted and programmed and/or having means to carry out the above steps.
  • a telecommunications environment comprises a network for data communications with other networks (e.g. mobile and stationary telephone networks), end user devices (e.g. telephones, computer systems), communications systems (e.g. Internet servers), and the like.
  • networks e.g. mobile and stationary telephone networks
  • end user devices e.g. telephones, computer systems
  • communications systems e.g. Internet servers
  • SDH SDH interfaces
  • Fig. 2 shows, as an example, such an interfacing device for linking a mobile telephone environment and a terminal associated to a wired telephone environment.
  • the mobile telephone environment is connected to the interfacing device by an optical-line system providing input and output functions for data communications to and from mobile telephone environment.
  • the optical-line system comprises an optical port which is connected to an optical port of the board.
  • An electric port of the board is connected to a terminal of the wired telephone environment for data communications.
  • a set of boards is installed in a device referred to as equipment including a rack or a set of sub-racks.
  • the boards are located on slots of the rack (or sub-racks) which are 1-to-1 coded by numbers.
  • Each board taken alone or several boards forming a group serving as single board are capable to support a predefined low data rate but not able to support a desired high data rate.
  • each board comprises a laser diode LD used to communicate on an optical (STM-1) link to the outside network (or any other similar equipment targeted at this link).
  • the boards are intended to support the high data rate data traffic which can be accomplished by arranging the boards as chain as set forth below.
  • Each board also comprises two framers (e.g. VC-4 framers), indicated by V0 and V1, each of them having two electrical ports EP1 and EP2 and an optical port OP, and a digital cross point switch DXS which connects both framers V0 and V1 to its electrical ports EP1, EP2 and 0P. Further, each board includes ports to be connected to slots of the equipment which are connected e.g. via a bus. To this end, the boards are adapted to support the low data rate data traffic due their above named low data rate properties.
  • framers e.g. VC-4 framers
  • DXS digital cross point switch
  • a number of installed boards required to provide a desired data traffic processing is defined, e.g. including all boards of the equipment or at least two thereof.
  • the specified boards are linked by means of a high-capacity link which supports the high data rate (e.g. an electrical STM-1 link). It has to be noted that no order of the boards in the chain and no rule in linking the boards are pre-supposed.
  • Linking For linking two boards, a link is employed which connects one port of one board to one port of the other board.
  • Linking may be restricted e.g. by procedure defined by the operator of the equipment, a linking scheme provided by the equipment manufacturer, and the like, or it may not restricted at all.
  • At least one extremity of the chain i.e. at least one board arranged at one end of the chain, is connected to the outside network via its optical port OP for data traffic having the high data rate.
  • the connection(s) to the external network form(s) a high data rate interface for the chained boards while connections by means of the equipment slots, e.g. to a bus, constitute a low data rate interface for the chained boards.
  • the initialization and configuration can be performed under control of a control unit (not shown) providing hardware and software functions.
  • each board will communicate to the board(s) preceding or following in the chain, data being indicative of the slot it is associated to and will receive, from the board(s) preceding or following in the chain, data being indicative of the slot(s) of the neighboring board(s).
  • the boards are connected with slots of the equipment, arranged to allow linking each other to form a chain (without a order pre-supposed for the chain) wherein one or two extremities thereof being linked to the outside network. This can be performed by the operator and/or the manufacturer of the equipment.
  • control unit is provided information of slots (slot list) representing boards expected to belong to the chain and information indicative of one or two API(s) (Application Programmers Interfaces) representing the extremities of the chain.
  • slots slot list
  • API(s) Application Programmers Interfaces
  • the control unit configures the DXSs of each board in the list such that each framer V0 is connected to the respective optical port OP and each framer V1 to is connected to the respective electrical port EP2.
  • the laser diodes LDs of each board in the list are activated.
  • each board in the list is checked whether a data signal from a laser diode LD is communicated (e.g. the J0 bytes received for the STM-1 case). This allows to detect the extremities of the chain.
  • linking or branching error might be existing in case one API is detected although the received API related information indicates two APIs, two instead of three, etc.
  • all laser diodes LD of the boards are activated at least for a short period.
  • the activation of all laser diodes may thus be considered as inadequate.
  • This limited laser diode activation can e.g. performed by the equipment operator manually or under control of hardware and/or software components of the equipment operator. Further, this can be accomplished by a configuration of the equipment and/or the boards, e.g. by the manufacturer or the equipment operator, in a manner such that laser diodes LDs connected to the outside are activated for example in response to putting the equipment in operation or to control data from the control unit.
  • the extremities of the chain can be determined by an activation of laser diodes LDs of all boards, as explained before.
  • the laser diodes LDs of each board in the list is de-activated which is no chain extremity, i.e. not connected to the outside network.
  • each framer V0 is connected to the respective electrical port EP1 and each framer V1 is connected to the respective electrical port EP2.
  • the control unit receives or polls, respectively, from each board in the list, data indicative of each slot number to which board is associated to (e.g. the F1 byte in the STM-1 overhead received by each 7C-4 Framer for the STM-1 case).
  • the control unit obtains its "abstract view" of the actual chain of boards. For example, this building of the abstract view of the actual chain can performed through a comparison algorithm of board-slot-couples in a list.
  • a re-rebuilding of the abstract view of the actual chain can be performed in case at least one of the extremities of the chain as determined above is still not connected to another board in the chain. Then, the DXS on the slot for the board representing the extremity in question is configured such that its framer V0 is connected to the respective optical port OP and its framer V1 to is connected to the respective electrical port E1.
  • control unit builds its "abstract view" of the actual chain of boards.
  • the control unit After having determined the actual chain, i.e. the board(s) serving as extremity(ies) of the chain for data communications with the external network, the order of the boards in the chain and the association of the boards to slots of the equipment, the control unit configures components of the boards present in the actual chain.
  • the synchronization source for a board in the chain is on the side which is, along the chain, closest to the beginning of chain, i.e. the API for the chain extremity or the respective board connected to the outside network for input communications there from.
  • the process defined here is transparent, e.g. to the equipment operator and the software equipment manager.
  • no rules for linking boards in the chain are necessary and, thus, the chain configuration becomes an automatic process.
  • this process can be stopped automatically or not in case an unexpected board is part of the chain, e.g. when the unexpected board in the chain does not affect the performance of the chain.
  • linking rules can be predefined and e.g. stored by the control unit. Then, the chain initialization and configuration process can be automatically stopped when a violation of linking rules would lead to an undesired operation or to a failure. Even if linking rules are violated, the process can be continued such that the equipment "heals" itself.
  • high data rate data traffic communicated to and from the external network flows through the boards of the chain wherein load is distributed to the chained boards according to the initialization and configuration.
  • low data rate data traffic is "born” form the high data rate data traffic.
  • low data rate data traffic is "merged” into the high data rate data traffic.
  • a board will process lower rate data traffic coming from lower rate ports or extracted from the higher rate data traffic coming from one of the higher rate ports. This processed data traffic will then be either terminated in the board, or forwarded to a lower rate port (the same or another), or inserted into a higher rate frame in order to be transferred through one of the higher rate ports.
  • the higher rate data traffic can be seen as a bus which actually may transfer lower rate data traffic from one board to another. This is another, secondary, use of the chaining principle.
  • information is provided which characterizes slots of the equipment associated to boards belonging to the chain and the linking scheme used for the boards in the chain or the order of the boards in the chain, respectively. Further, information is provided being indicative which board forms the beginning of the chain. In case two boards are connected to the outside network, further information is provided which board(s) form(s) the end(s) of the chain.
  • Such chain information for the control unit in order to perform a fault detection for chained boards can be obtained by the above described chain initialization.
  • such information can be provided from the equipment or its operator.
  • the control unit stores chain information or has access to storage devices supplying sufficient chain information.
  • Alarms are raised by the boards upon a fault and forwarded to the control unit.
  • the control unit On the basis of alarm levels e.g. as defined for SDH, information indicating from which board and/or from which component thereof an alarm originates and chain information, the control unit is enabled to correlate faults from the alarms.
  • the basic idea is to define types of faults of the chain, for each fault the number and optionally the sequence of alarms to be expected and for each fault which board or boards will raise alarm(s), e.g. expected subsequent alarms including any kind of side alarms, lower level alarms and the like that are raised as a result of a single alarm previously raised, e.g. when the single alarm exceeds a predefined level.
  • the correlation takes in account the components of the board(s) reporting alarm(s) and alarm levels e.g. as defined for SDH.
  • fault conditions can be grouped in two categories, one wherein a single alarm, i.e. an alarm raised due a single event, is sufficient to actually detect and identify the underlying fault, the other wherein a single alarm is not sufficient.
  • control unit correlates the current alarm to a respective fault, wherein it is contemplated to stop further monitoring of alarms.
  • control unit waits until at least one further, subsequent alarm is raised, i.e. the occurrence of at least one further event or fault.
  • control unit may check for alarms expected to be raised subsequent to the first alarm.
  • the control unit determines which alarms are of interest for a fault detection and monitors the respective events and boards or components thereof, respectively. For that purpose it is possible to filter alarms, e.g. by employing partial information obtained from primary or first alarms. As an example the first alarm provides information whether to check the board preceding or following the board from which the first alarm is originating.
  • fault Events used to correlate the fault Observations
  • External link for beginning of the chain failed (e.g. active optical link failed) LOS, LOF or AU-LOP detected by the first board in the chain (e.g. via the framer connected to the optical port). Only one event needed.
  • External network failed MS-AIS or AU-AIS detected by the first board in the chain e.g. via the framer connected to the optical port. Only one event needed.
  • External link for end of the chain failed (e.g. passive optical link failed) LOS, LOF or AU-LOP detected by the last board in the chain (e.g. via the framer connected to the optical port). Only one event needed.
  • Last board failed LOS, LOF or AU-LOP detected by the second board in the chain via the framer connected to the first board through its electrical port). Only one event needed.
  • the reception of the APS request is possible if the last board in the chain is connected to the outside network and configured. APS request via K1/K2 bytes received by the last board (via the framer connected to the optical port).
  • Last board failed LOS, LOF or AU-LOP detected by the board situated before in the chain via the framer connected to the failed board through an electrical port); the control unit monitors the last board and finds out it does not answer. Two events are needed.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates an example of a fault detection for the case of a failed internal link. Due to a failure of an internal link between board B2 an board B3, i.e. failed link FL, framer V1 of board B2 and framer V0 of board B3 raise an alarm LOS. These alarms are correlated to the current fault, namely the failure of link FL. The thus detected fault or information being indicative thereof is provided, e.g. to the equipment operator, for maintenance or repair purposes or replacement of defect components.
  • a failure in a board or a component thereof, respectively is not partial, i.e. a failed board or component will not let traffic there through and will act as a block in the chain.
  • a failure in one of the framers V0 and V1 of a board will result in a complete failure of the board, and the failed board can be detected by means of alarms from the neighboring boards. Therefore, the above given correlation of alarms and faults and the resulting fault detection can be based on the assumption that a board raising an alarm is not the faulty or failed component.
  • Such chain information can be obtained by the above described chain initialization.
  • Such information can be provided form the equipment or its operator.
  • the control unit stores chain information or has access to storage device supplying sufficient chain information.
  • fault information is provided indicating that a fault is existing, the type of fault and which of the boards is affected.
  • This fault information can be obtain by the above described fault detection or by information provided from the equipment operator or any other suitable source such as a central unit (e.g. server, central computer system) for the telecommunications environment.
  • a central unit e.g. server, central computer system
  • measures for failure healing and re-establishing the operability of the chain include at least:
  • the healing of faults can include a process wherein the direction of data traffic through the chain is reversed.
  • an APS Automatic Protection Switching according to the SDH standard allowing to switch traffic from one (optical) active link to a passive link
  • the synchronization configuration of each board in the chain also can be reversed, for example if a board takes its synchronization from the one preceding board it in the reversed chain.
  • a reversing of synchronization also can be accomplished by utilizing respective measures as described for the above chain initialization.
  • one, two, three or more spare boards are provided.
  • the spare board is connected, in the context of this description electrically connected, to the remaining functioning boards such that the chain is formed in its intended original form.
  • Such a connection can be e.g. obtained by coupling an electrical port of the each framer of the chained board to a bus incorporated in the equipment, usually implemented in the back-panel of the rack equipment.
  • the spare board or one of the spare boards is activated to replace the failed data traffic line.
  • the spare board will provide a transparent data traffic forwarding.
  • the spare board or one of the spare boards can be integrated in the chain to provide functionalities previously available but currently not supported due to a failure, wherein the respective board is not necessarily replaced.
  • the fault is "healed" by replacing the board which failed or includes a failed component by a operable spare board arranged as a backup means in the equipment.
  • the spare board or one of the spare boards is connected with the remaining functioning boards of the chain (which in fact is not chain anymore) such that the original chain is restored.
  • the replacing spare board is coupled to the bus and put in operation by a configuration of the DXS in the spare board.
  • the framers of the spare board each are previously connected to an electrical port for the bus which includes, for framers having two electrical port, a twin port.
  • the DXS of the board(s) surrounding the failed element has to be reconfigured so that the framer that previously was indirectly connected to the failed element is now indirectly connected to the spare board via the bus.
  • the configuration of the failed board is copied to the replacing board except for the DXS configuration of the failed board.
  • the DXS configuration for the replacing board has to be adapted in dependence to the actual connection to the other boards and the bus.
  • the configuration of the replacing board can be accomplished as described above with respect to a chain initialization for boards.
  • the following table shows, as an example for a N+1 redundancy, a list including faults and actions accordingly to be taken for chain healing together with observations concerning the resulting condition: Fault Actions Observations External link for beginning of the chain failed (e.g. active optical link failed). Reverse direction of the chain. The last board is or has to be connected to the external network. First board failed and last board con- nected to the external network. Reverse direction of the chain. Reconfigure the spare board as the "first" board. Connect the board that is now last in the chain to the spare board(e.g. via the bus). First board failed and last board not connected to the external network. Do nothing. The chain is totally failed. External network failed. Do nothing. The chain is totally failed.
  • External link for end of the chain failed (e.g. passive optical link failed). Do nothing. Filtering out the relevant alarms (if necessary).
  • Last board failed. Reconfigure the spare board as the last board. Connect the board situated before in the chain to the spare board (e.g. via the bus). "In-between" board failed Reconfigure the spare board as the failed board. Connect the boards situated before and after the failed board in the chain to the spare board (e.g. via the bus). Link between two boards failed (e.g. electrical link failed). Reconfigure the spare board as transparent. Connect the boards situated before and after the failed link in the chain to the spare board (e.g. via the bus).
  • the above failure healing is somewhat restricted to single failures in case of a single spare board providing a N+1 redundancy. More than a single failure can be compensated by a higher redundancy for which more than one spare board is employed. Practically, it is desired to cope with more than one failure while keeping the number of spare boards small, preferably to utilize only a single spare board. This can be accomplished by an enhanced failure healing for chained boards as set forth below.
  • the principle is to control whether a former spare board already included in the chain and possibly replacing a failed board of the original chain is sufficient to heal a further failure subsequently occurring. Since the former spare board is now a component of the actual chain and, thus, integrated at a specific part of the chain, for the case of boards used here, the former spare board is in general limited to heal failures of neighboring chain sections, e.g. neighboring links or boards. In particular, this limitation is due to the number of connections and links possible to and from the assumed boards. For example, a board provided as a spare board and now being included in the chain provides a wider capability of establishing links and connections to at least one of the bus and other boards in the chain, enhanced failure healing is possible to failures of any chain parts and sections.
  • the failure is evaluated with respect to the available performance of the included board, i.e. its capability and functionality not being required to heal the first failure or which can be utilized without effecting the first failure healing. That means it has to be proven that the included board is sufficient to heal both the first failure and the second failure.
  • the included board is activated to compensate the second failure, e.g. by a configuration, as explained above, on the basis of a failed board associated to the second failure or by establishing a failed link between boards or connection to the bus.
  • the chain can not be healed without further measures.
  • chain maintenance is required, e.g. by replacing failed chain parts.
  • failure healing can be obtained by means of a including a further spare board, as explained above or, in case the current chain includes more than one former spare board, the failure location can be determined in order to check whether the further failure is neighboring one of the former spare boards.
  • the sequence of determining whether a further failure is a neighboring failure and whether the further failure can be healed by the included board can be reversed. Then, in case the included can not compensate a further failure, the determination of the failure location can be omitted for a N+1 redundancy. For higher order redundancies, the performance assessment followed by the determination of the failure location can be performed with respect to a further former spare board currently included in the chain.
  • the first failure was a failed link between two boards
  • the spare board was included in the chain to serve as a link, i.e. to provide a transparent data traffic forwarding. If, as second failure, a board adjacent to the failed link fails, the former spare board can compensate the second failure by further activating the same with a data traffic processing functionality previously provided by the board now being failed.
  • the data traffic of two or more neighboring failed boards can be controlled and processed by the former spare board if its performance is sufficient.
  • the control unit is provided information characterizing the current chain, i.e. its topology (e.g. which boards form the chain, the order of boards in the chain, board functionalities) and information characterizing the current state of the chain (e.g. operation condition of the boards, internal links and external links), e.g. as set forth above.
  • a dynamic configuration of the chain e.g. its current condition after initialization, configuration, start, possible failures and required healing
  • the static chain configuration is employed is no failure has been healed yet, e.g. for the above failure detection of healing.
  • failure related alarms can be forwarded by the spare board or originating there from and will be considered in the fault detection process.
  • the failure healing can be performed as described above.
  • neighboring chain elements include failed boards which are neighbors in the normal chain processing (e.g. neighboring with respect to the data traffic flow through the chain), failed links associated to the same board, failed boards and failed links thereto and combinations thereof.
  • the spare board is configured to replace the failed elements and its functionalities, at least in an extent that the chain can be further operated. If the last failure to be currently healed is the first failure of a board, the configuration of the failed board is copied to the spare board except for the DXS configuration, as explained before.
  • the spare board can be activated to replace all failed boards. If the spare board already included in the chain can not substitute all functions of the failed boards it is still possible to further operate the chain. Here, it is determined which part of the date traffic control and processing should be maintained, e.g. depending from the priorities of the system operator. Then, the spare board is accordingly configured to absorb the respective configuration of the last failed board. For such a configuration is it possible that configurations of the spare board obtained from a previously failed board which has been replaced by the spare board before the occurrence of the last failure are altered to fulfill the data traffic requirements.
  • the spare board absorbs as much as possible of the configuration of the failed board(s).
  • the spare board is configured to route data traffic for the failed link, e.g. through its VC-4 framers, with a synchronization configuration in view of the data traffic direction through the bus.
  • the DXS configuration can be so as to use the bus.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Ticket-Dispensing Machines (AREA)

Claims (27)

  1. Verfahren zur Unterstützung unterschiedlicher Datenraten in einer Telekommunikationsumgebung, das folgenden Schritt umfasst:
    Bereitstellen von mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn), die jeweils fähig sind, eine vorgegebene niedrige Datenrate (E1) über eine Schnittstelle mit niedriger Datenrate zu unterstützen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie folgende weitere Schritte umfasst:
    Auswählen von zwei oder mehr der mindestens zwei Karten, die kooperativ Kapazitäten bereitstellen, welche für eine Unterstützung einer vorgegebenen hohen Datenrate (STM-1) für internen Datenverkehr erforderlich sind; und
    Verbinden der mindestens zwei ausgewählten Karten (B1, ..., Bn) zu einer Kette, durch die Datenverkehr einer hohen Datenrate (STM-1) geleitet werden soll.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, das folgende Schritte umfasst:
    Ausstatten mindestens einer der mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn) mit einer Schnittstelle (LD), welche die hohe Datenrate (STM-1) unterstützt; und
    Betreiben der mindestens einen hochratigen Schnittstelle (LD) zum Empfangen von externem Datenverkehr mit der hohen Datenrate (STM-1), wobei die mindestens eine hochratige Schnittstelle (LD) den Anfang der Kette bildet.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, das folgende Schritte umfasst:
    Ausstatten mindestens einer der mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn) mit einer Schnittstelle (LD), welche die hohe Datenrate (STM-1) unterstützt; und
    Betreiben der mindestens einen hochratigen Schnittstelle (LD) zum Ausgeben des internen Datenverkehrs mit der hohen Datenrate (STM-1), wobei die mindestens eine hochratige Schnittstelle (LD) das Ende der Kette bildet.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, das folgenden Schritt umfasst:
    Betreiben mindestens einer der niedrigratigen Schnittstellen zum Ausgeben von Datenverkehr mit der niedrigen Datenrate (E1), der aus dem internen Datenverkehr mit der hohen Datenrate (STM-1) gebildet wurde, und zum Empfangen von externem Datenverkehr mit der niedrigen Datenrate (E1).
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, das folgenden Schritt umfasst:
    Initialisieren der mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn) entsprechend den für die hohe Datenrate (STM-1) erforderlichen Kapazitäten, um den internen Datenverkehr durch die mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn) kooperativ zu unterstützen.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, das folgenden Schritt umfasst:
    Erkennen der mindestens einen hochratigen Datenschnittstelle (LD), die den Anfang und/oder das Ende der Kette bildet.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, das folgende Schritte umfasst:
    Definieren von Korrelationen von vorgegebenen Ausfällen der Kette und durch die mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn) erzeugten Alarmen;
    Empfangen mindestens eines Alarms von den mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn); und
    Erkennen eines aktuellen Ausfalls der Kette auf der Basis der definierten Korrelationen für den mindestens einen Alarm.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, das folgenden Schritt umfasst:
    Erkennen des aktuellen Ausfalls auf der Basis der definierten Korrelationen durch Ausschluss von Alarmen, für die keine Korrelationen mit Ausfällen definiert sind.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, das folgende Schritte umfasst:
    Empfangen mindestens eines weiteren Alarms von den mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn), wenn der mindestens eine Alarm zum Erkennen des aktuellen Fehlers nicht ausreicht; und
    Erkennen des aktuellen Fehlers auf der Basis der definierten Korrelationen für den mindestens einen Alarm und den mindestens einen weiteren Alarm.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, das folgende Schritte umfasst:
    Definieren mindestens einer der mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn) als für die Erzeugung mindestens eines weiteren Alarms nach dem mindestens einen Alarm anfällig;
    Überwachen der mindestens einen der mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn), wenn der mindestens eine Alarm zum Erkennen des aktuellen Ausfalls nicht ausreicht;
    Empfangen mindestens eines weiteren Alarms von der definierten mindestens einen der mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn); und
    Erkennen des aktuellen Ausfalls auf der Basis der definierten Korrelationen für den mindestens einen Alarm und den mindestens einen weiteren Alarm.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, das folgende Schritte umfasst:
    Erkennen eines aktuellen Ausfalls für die Kette;
    Ermitteln eines dem aktuellen Ausfall zugeordneten ausgefallenen Kettenelements (B1, ..., Bn; FL); und
    Heilen des aktuellen Ausfalls durch mindestens eine der folgenden Maßnahmen:
    Umkehren der Richtung des Datenverkehrsflusses durch die Kette;
    Aufnehmen einer weiteren Karte (B1, ..., Bn) in die Kette und Betreiben der aufgenommenen weiteren Karte (B1, ..., Bn) in der Weise, dass sie das ausgefallene Kettenelement (B1, ..., Bn; FL) ersetzt; und
    Entfernen einer mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn) aus der Kette, wobei die entfernte Karte (B1, ..., Bn) das ausgefallene Kettenelement (B1, ..., Bn; FL) ist, Aufnehmen einer weiteren Karte (B1, ..., Bn) in die Kette und Betreiben der aufgenommenen weiteren Karte (B1, ..., Bn) in der Weise, dass sie die entfernte Karte (B1, ..., Bn) ersetzt.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, das folgende Schritte umfasst:
    Erkennen eines weiteren aktuellen Ausfalls für die Kette, der nach dem geheilten aktuellen Ausfall auftritt;
    Ermitteln eines weiteren dem aktuellen Ausfall zugeordneten ausgefallenen Kettenelements (B1, ..., Bn; FL); und
    Heilen des weiteren aktuellen Ausfalls durch mindestens eine der folgenden Maßnahmen:
    Aufnehmen einer zusätzlichen weiteren Karte (B1, ..., Bn) in die Kette und Betreiben der aufgenommenen zusätzlichen weiteren Karte (B1, ..., Bn) in der Weise, dass sie das weitere ausgefallene Kettenelement (B1, ..., Bn; FL) ersetzt; und
    Entfernen einer zusätzlichen der mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn) aus der Kette, wobei die zusätzliche entfernte Karte (B1, ..., Bn) das weitere ausgefallene Kettenelement (B1, ..., Bn; FL) ist, Aufnehmen einer zusätzlichen weiteren Karte (B1, ..., Bn) in die Kette und Betreiben der aufgenommenen zusätzlichen weiteren Karte (B1, ..., Bn) in der Weise, dass sie die zusätzliche entfernte Karte (B1, ..., Bn) ersetzt.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, das folgende Schritte umfasst:
    Erkennen eines weiteren aktuellen Ausfalls für die Kette, der nach dem geheilten aktuellen Ausfall auftritt;
    Ermitteln eines weiteren dem aktuellen Ausfall zugeordneten ausgefallenen Kettenelements (B1, ..., Bn; FL);
    Bestimmen eines Abstands zwischen dem ausgefallenen Kettenelement (B1, ..., Bn; FL) und dem weiteren ausgefallenen Kettenelement (B1, ..., Bn; FL), wobei der Abstand durch die Anordnung der mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn) in der Kette definiert ist; und
    wenn der bestimmte Abstand unter einem vorgegebenen Wert liegt, Heilen des weiteren aktuellen Ausfalls durch mindestens eine der folgenden Maßnahmen:
    Aufnehmen einer zusätzlichen weiteren Karte (B1, ..., Bn) in die Kette und Betreiben der aufgenommenen zusätzlichen weiteren Karte (B1, ..., Bn), in der Weise, dass sie das weitere ausgefallene Kettenelement (B1, ..., Bn; FL) ersetzt; und
    Entfernen einer zusätzlichen der mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn) aus der Kette, wobei die zusätzliche entfernte Karte (B1, ..., Bn) das weitere ausgefallene Kettenelement (B1, ..., Bn; FL) ist, Aufnehmen einer zusätzlichen weiteren Karte (B1, ..., Bn) in die Kette und Betreiben der aufgenommenen zusätzlichen weiteren Karte (B1, ..., Bn) in der Weise, dass sie die zusätzliche entfernte Karte (B1, ..., Bn) ersetzt.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, das folgenden Schritt umfasst:
    Erkennen eines aktuellen Ausfalls für die Kette durch Ermittlung eines zugeordneten ausgefallenen Kettenelements (B1, ..., Bn; FL) auf der Basis von Alarmen von benachbarten Kettenelementen (B1, ..., Bn; FL).
  15. Einrichtung zur Unterstützung von unterschiedlichen Datenraten in einer Telekommunikationsumgebung, welche Einrichtung mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn) umfasst, die jeweils fähig sind, eine vorgegebne niedrige Datenrate (E1) über eine niedrigratige Schnittstelle zu unterstützen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie umfasst:
    Mittel zum Auswählen von zwei oder mehr der mindestens zwei Karten, die kooperativ Kapazitäten bereitstellen, welche für eine Unterstützung einer vorgegebenen hohen Datenrate (STM-1) für internen Datenverkehr erforderlich sind; und
    Mittel zum Verbinden der mindestens zwei ausgewählten Karten (B1, ..., Bn) zu einer Kette, durch die Datenverkehr der hohen Datenrate (STM-1) geleitet werden soll.
  16. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 15, bei der mindestens eine der mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn) eine die hohe Datenrate (STM-1) unterstützende Schnittstelle (LD) umfasst und die mindestens eine hochratige Schnittstelle (LD) zum Empfang von externem Datenverkehr mit der hohen Datenrate (STM-1) angeordnet ist, wobei die mindestens eine hochratige Schnittstelle (LD) den Anfang der Kette bildet.
  17. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 15 oder 16, bei der mindestens eine der mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn) eine die hohe Datenrate (STM-1) unterstützende Schnittstelle (LD) umfasst und die mindestens eine hochratige Schnittstelle (LD) zur Ausgabe des internen Datenverkehrs mit der hohen Datenrate (STM-1) angeordnet ist, wobei die mindestens eine hochratige Schnittstelle (LD) das Ende der Kette bildet.
  18. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 17, bei der mindestens eine der niedrigratigen Schnittstellen zur Ausgabe von Datenverkehr mit der niedrigen Datenrate (E1), der aus dem internen Datenverkehr mit der hohen Datenrate (STM-1) gebildet wurde, und/oder zum Empfang von externem Datenverkehr mit der niedrigen Datenrate (E1) angeordnet ist.
  19. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 18, bei der die mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn) entsprechend den für die hohe Datenrate (STM-1) erforderlichen Kapazitäten initialisiert werden, um den internen Datenverkehr mittels der mindestens zwei Karten (B1, ..., Bn) zu unterstützen.
  20. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 19, die mindestens eine weitere Karte (B1, ..., Bn) umfasst, welche als Ersatz für Elemente (B1, ..., Bn; FL) der Kette vorgesehen ist, die einem aktuellen Ausfall der Kette zugeordnet sind.
  21. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 20, die Mittel zum Durchführen der Schritte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 umfasst.
  22. Schnittstelleneinrichtung zur Unterstützung unterschiedlicher Datenraten in einer Telekommunikationsumgebung, die für eine Durchführung der Schritte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 programmiert und ausgelegt ist.
  23. Schnittstelleneinrichtung zur Unterstützung unterschiedlicher Datenraten in einer Telekommunikationsumgebung und mit einer Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 21.
  24. Telekommunikationssystem mit Datenverkehr einer niedrigen Datenrate und einer hohen Datenrate, das für eine Durchführung der Schritte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 programmiert und ausgelegt ist.
  25. Telekommunikationssystem mit Datenverkehr einer niedrigen Datenrate und einer hohen Datenrate, das eine Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 21 umfasst.
  26. Computerprogramm-Produkt, umfassend:
    Programmcodeteile zum Durchführen der Schritte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14.
  27. Computerprogramm-Produkt nach Anspruch 26, gespeichert auf einem maschinenlesbaren Datenträger.
EP01440377A 2001-11-09 2001-11-09 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur verketteten Benutzung von SDH Karten Expired - Lifetime EP1311080B1 (de)

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EP01440377A EP1311080B1 (de) 2001-11-09 2001-11-09 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur verketteten Benutzung von SDH Karten
AT01440377T ATE291302T1 (de) 2001-11-09 2001-11-09 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verketteten benutzung von sdh karten
DE60109458T DE60109458T2 (de) 2001-11-09 2001-11-09 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur verketteten Benutzung von SDH Karten
US10/270,145 US20030091065A1 (en) 2001-11-09 2002-10-15 Method and apparatus for chained operation of SDH boards
CN02150246A CN1418025A (zh) 2001-11-09 2002-11-06 用于sdh线路板的链接运行的方法与装置

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ES2317752B1 (es) * 2006-08-01 2010-01-08 Miguel Angel Lopez Maqueda Repartidor digital gestionable para tramas de 2 mbit/s.

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CA2090428C (en) * 1990-08-31 1996-10-01 Niranjan Bhogilal Sandesara Self-healing meshed network using logical ring structures
US5436890A (en) * 1993-12-30 1995-07-25 Dsc Communications Corporation Integrated multi-rate cross-connect system
US6314102B1 (en) * 1997-07-10 2001-11-06 Alcatel Telecommunications system for providing both narrowband and broadband services to subscribers
US6631018B1 (en) * 1997-08-27 2003-10-07 Nortel Networks Limited WDM optical network with passive pass-through at each node
US6088329A (en) * 1997-12-11 2000-07-11 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Fault tolerant subrate switching
US6128321A (en) * 1997-12-19 2000-10-03 Alcatel Usa Sourcing, L.P. System and method for centrally-managing switching functions
US6636478B1 (en) * 2000-05-03 2003-10-21 Metro Optix, Inc. Configurable scalable communications equipment protection method system
EP1328085A1 (de) * 2002-01-15 2003-07-16 Evolium S.A.S. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Heilung von Fehlern von verketteten Karten mit SDH schnittstellen

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ATE291302T1 (de) 2005-04-15
DE60109458T2 (de) 2006-01-12

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