EP1308914B1 - Passive Infrared detector - Google Patents
Passive Infrared detector Download PDFInfo
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- EP1308914B1 EP1308914B1 EP01126182A EP01126182A EP1308914B1 EP 1308914 B1 EP1308914 B1 EP 1308914B1 EP 01126182 A EP01126182 A EP 01126182A EP 01126182 A EP01126182 A EP 01126182A EP 1308914 B1 EP1308914 B1 EP 1308914B1
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- temperature
- annunciator
- ambient temperature
- sensitivity
- sensor
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- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000202252 Cerberus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
- G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
- G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
- G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
- G08B13/19—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using infrared-radiation detection systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S250/00—Radiant energy
- Y10S250/01—Passive intrusion detectors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a passive infrared detector with a first sensor for the generation one representative of the temperature difference between a heat source and its surroundings Infrared signal, with one influenced by the ambient temperature of the detector second sensor, and with an evaluation circuit for processing the infrared signal, wherein the evaluation circuit a temperature compensation to influence the sensitivity of the detector depending on the ambient temperature mentioned.
- the amplitude of the infrared signal is approximately proportional to the temperature difference between the intruder and objects that are present in the background of the surveillance area.
- the latter temperature is referred to below as the background temperature.
- the infrared signal corresponds to Stefan-Boltzmann's law, according to which the total radiation of the black body over all wavelengths per cm 2 and second is proportional to the 4th power of the absolute temperature of the body.
- the sensitivity or detection range of passive infrared detectors is therefore largely dependent on the background temperature, which means that the sensitivity decreases as the temperature difference decreases, which is the case when the background temperature approaches the intruder's body temperature. This occurs, for example, in hot or tropical areas.
- the second sensor not only provides information about the ambient temperature but also about the background temperature. Consequently the second sensor opens up the possibility of an increase in the background temperature to body temperature and the associated decrease in temperature contrast between to recognize an intruder and the background and the infrared signal depending to amplify from the ambient temperature. Alternatively, the amplification of the infrared signal remain unchanged and the alarm threshold of the detector is changed accordingly.
- Such a detector as described for example in US-A-4 195 234, has one constant detection sensitivity. However, if the ambient temperature is the body temperature of the intruder, the gain of the infrared signal is increased or the alarm threshold is reduced. Even in the opposite case, when the body temperature is below the Ambient temperature drops, the detection sensitivity does not remain constant.
- a passive infrared detector is described in US Pat. No. 5,629,676, the sensitivity of which is also when the ambient temperature exceeds human body temperature, essentially should remain constant. This goal is achieved in that after the Temperature contrast minimums when intruder and background are approximately the same temperature the detector sensitivity is reduced.
- the second sensor is usually provided on the inside of the detector Detector board is arranged, this sensor does not measure the background temperature and strictly speaking, not even the temperature around the detector, but the temperature Temperature inside the detector. This can result in it being warm or cold Drafts at the detector location can lead to a mismatch in sensitivity because the detector warms up too much or too quickly compared to the background cools. This mismatch can reduce the robustness of the detector Interference such as white light or EMC interference and the like.
- the present invention has the task of a passive infrared detector of the type mentioned Specify the type in which the temperature compensation acts so that the robustness of the Detector against false alarms is increased.
- the second sensor is preferably a temperature sensor arranged in the interior of the detector.
- a first preferred embodiment of the detector according to the invention is characterized in that that influencing the sensitivity of the detector only after a delay he follows.
- the delay is preferably effective in particular when there is an increase the ambient temperature would increase the sensitivity of the detector.
- the delay is when the ambient temperature rises or falls and / or above and below a minimum value of the temperature difference between the heat source and the Environment different.
- the delay preferably has a parameter-dependent one Duration based on the parameters by the rate of change in ambient temperature and / or are formed by the absolute temperature.
- the delay can be with electronic means or by thermal insulation of the second sensor or of the ambient temperature affected component take place.
- a second preferred embodiment of the detector according to the invention is characterized in that that influencing the sensitivity of the detector depending on the The rate of change in ambient temperature occurs.
- the Temperature change temperature compensation from a first to a second mode and only after falling below a second value of the speed back to the first Mode switched. For example, temperature compensation is activated in the first mode and deactivated in the second mode.
- the delay in influencing the sensitivity of the detector short local temperature fluctuations the sensitivity of the detector or in its immediate vicinity Do not affect the detector, and the temperature compensation is essentially from the course depend on the background temperature.
- the second preferred embodiment of the detector according to the invention has the advantage that abnormal rapid temperature changes are suppressed and not false alarms due to unnecessarily increased sensitivity of the detector.
- the passive infrared detector shown schematically in Fig. 1 is of conventional design and contains in particular a pyro sensor 1 and an evaluation stage 2 for evaluating the sensor signals.
- the pyro sensor 1 When the received infrared energy changes, the pyro sensor 1 generates a signal which is further processed in evaluation level 2 for alarm release. Building a such a passive infrared detector is known, it is in this connection to EP-A-0 361 224, 0 499 177 and 1 093 100.
- the pyro sensor 1 is, for example, a so-called standard dual pyro sensor, as shown in FIGS Passive infrared detectors from Siemens Building Technologies AG, formerly Cerberus AG, were used becomes.
- standard dual pyro sensors contain two heat-sensitive elements or Flakes, the images of which on the floor or wall of a surveillance room Define surveillance areas, from the border of which a beam of rays to the respective one Flake runs. As soon as an object emitting thermal radiation is such an object Beam crosses, or in other words, penetrates into a monitoring room, detected the sensor 1 the thermal radiation emitted by this object.
- the signal of the pyro sensor 1 is thus an infrared signal, which represents the temperature difference between a heat source (intruder) and its background.
- the amplitude of the infrared signal is proportional to this temperature difference, although strictly speaking the infrared signal obeys Stefan-Boltzmann's law, according to which the total radiation of a black body over all wavelengths per cm 2 and second is proportional to the 4th power of the absolute temperature of the body.
- Stefan-Boltzmann's law the sensitivity or detection range of a passive infrared detector is largely dependent on the background temperature. The closer this is to the body temperature, the lower the sensitivity of the detector.
- the sensitivity of the detector is influenced by the ambient temperature Component, preferably a temperature sensor 3, and a temperature compensation 4 equipped.
- the temperature compensation 4 receives the preferably on the board of the Detector arranged temperature sensor 3 continuously the ambient temperature T (Fig. 2) and increases the detection sensitivity in a certain temperature range of, for example, 20 ° to 35 °. This increase is made either by a corresponding change in the Amplification of the signal of the pyro sensor 1 or by reducing the alarm threshold with the the infrared signal is compared.
- an evaluation using fuzzy logic would analogously the membership functions of the signal of the pyro sensor 1 adapted to the different fuzzy sets accordingly.
- the temperature sensor 3 Since the temperature sensor 3 is arranged on the detector board, it measures strictly speaking not the background temperature but the temperature of the detector. In most cases it has no influence because these two temperatures are essentially the same, it can but there are times when the detector changes in relation to the background due to a draft heats up or cools down quickly, which triggers an inappropriate temperature compensation. And this in turn can reduce the robustness of the detector to interference such as for example white light or EMC interferers.
- the temperature compensation 4 is designed such that when the temperature sensor 3 changes Ambient temperature no direct influence on the sensitivity of the detector he follows.
- the sensitivity of the detector is influenced with a Delay, causing a change in the ambient temperature to occur after a certain time ⁇ t affects the detector sensitivity.
- the delay occurs mainly in cases where there is an increase in the ambient temperature and the presumption derived from it that the temperature contrast between an intruder and the background, an automatic increment the sensitivity would take place.
- the delay may vary depending on whether the temperature sensor 3 measured temperature rises or falls and / or how big the difference between the temperature of the intruder and the background temperature is different.
- the Delay can be predetermined or one of certain parameters, such as Speed of temperature change or amount of absolute temperature, dependent Have duration.
- the delay is preferably implemented electronically. But it is also possible to delay by thermal insulation of the temperature sensor 3 or of the ambient temperature affected component to realize.
- the temperature compensation can be carried out in Dependence on the speed of the change in the measured by the temperature sensor 3 Control the ambient temperature by changing the temperature compensation when exceeded adapted to a certain threshold of said speed change and only at Falling below this or another threshold switches back to the original value.
- adapting means switching from a mode with a normal one Temperature compensation to another mode with reduced temperature compensation.
- Adaptation can also mean that the temperature compensation when the above is exceeded Threshold deactivated and only reactivated when this threshold is undershot.
- T is the one measured by the temperature sensor 3 Ambient temperature and with the dashed curve TK the mode referred to the temperature compensation 4.
- the top line of the curve TK indicates the mode "Temperature compensation normal” and the bottom line the mode “Temperature compensation reduced “again.
- the dashed arrows A indicate the maximum gradient of the temperature change below which the temperature compensation operates in its normal mode becomes.
- the arrows B indicate a delay before the temperature compensation is switched to normal mode.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Passiv-Infrarotmelder mit einem ersten Sensor für die Erzeugung eines für die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen einer Wärmequelle und deren Umgebung repräsentativen Infrarotsignals, mit einem von der Umgebungstemperatur des Melders beeinflussten zweiten Sensor, und mit einer Auswerteschaltung zur Verarbeitung des Infrarotsignals, wobei die Auswerteschaltung eine Temperaturkompensation zur Beeinflussung der Empfindlichkeit des Melders in Abhängigkeit von der genannten Umgebungstemperatur aufweist.The invention relates to a passive infrared detector with a first sensor for the generation one representative of the temperature difference between a heat source and its surroundings Infrared signal, with one influenced by the ambient temperature of the detector second sensor, and with an evaluation circuit for processing the infrared signal, wherein the evaluation circuit a temperature compensation to influence the sensitivity of the detector depending on the ambient temperature mentioned.
Die Amplitude des Infrarotsignals ist annähernd proportional zur Temperaturdifferenz zwischen dem Eindringling und Gegenständen, die im Hintergrund des Überwachungsbereichs vorhanden sind. Die letztere Temperatur wird nachfolgend als Hintergrundtemperatur bezeichnet. Genau genommen, entspricht das Infrarotsignal dem Stefan-Boltzmannschen Gesetz, gemäss dem die Gesamtstrahlung des schwarzen Körpers über alle Wellenlängen pro cm2 und Sekunde der 4. Potenz der absoluten Temperatur des Körpers proportional ist. Die Empfindlichkeit oder der Detektionsbereich von Passiv-Infrarotmeldern ist somit weitgehend von der Hintergrundtemperatur abhängig, das heisst, dass die Empfindlichkeit mit Abnahme der Temperaturdifferenz abnimmt, was dann der Fall ist, wenn sich die Hintergrundtemperatur der Körpertemperatur des Eindringlings nähert. Dieser Fall tritt beispielsweise in heissen oder tropischen Gegenden auf.The amplitude of the infrared signal is approximately proportional to the temperature difference between the intruder and objects that are present in the background of the surveillance area. The latter temperature is referred to below as the background temperature. Strictly speaking, the infrared signal corresponds to Stefan-Boltzmann's law, according to which the total radiation of the black body over all wavelengths per cm 2 and second is proportional to the 4th power of the absolute temperature of the body. The sensitivity or detection range of passive infrared detectors is therefore largely dependent on the background temperature, which means that the sensitivity decreases as the temperature difference decreases, which is the case when the background temperature approaches the intruder's body temperature. This occurs, for example, in hot or tropical areas.
Wenn man davon ausgeht, dass ein Raum in der Regel eine homogene Temperaturverteilung aufweist, so dass die Hintergrundtemperatur der Umgebungstemperatur des Melders ungefähr gleich ist und sich synchron mit dieser ändert, dann liefert der zweite Sensor nicht nur Informationen über die Umgebungstemperatur sondern auch über die Hintergrundtemperatur. Somit eröffnet der zweite Sensor die Möglichkeit, ein Ansteigen der Hintergrundtemperatur auf Körpertemperatur und die damit verbundene Verminderung des Temperaturkontrasts zwischen einem Eindringling und dem Hintergrund zu erkennen und das Infrarotsignal in Abhängigkeit von der Umgebungstemperatur zu verstärken. Alternativ kann die Verstärkung des Infrarotsignals unverändert bleiben und die Alarmschwelle des Melders entsprechend verändert werden.If one assumes that a room usually has a homogeneous temperature distribution so that the background temperature of the ambient temperature of the detector is approximately is the same and changes synchronously with it, the second sensor not only provides information about the ambient temperature but also about the background temperature. Consequently the second sensor opens up the possibility of an increase in the background temperature to body temperature and the associated decrease in temperature contrast between to recognize an intruder and the background and the infrared signal depending to amplify from the ambient temperature. Alternatively, the amplification of the infrared signal remain unchanged and the alarm threshold of the detector is changed accordingly.
Ein derartiger Melder, wie er beispielsweise in der US-A-4 195 234 beschrieben ist, weist eine konstante Detektionsempfindlichkeit auf. Wenn allerdings die Umgebungstemperatur die Körpertemperatur des Eindringlings übersteigt, wird die Verstärkung des Infrarotsignals erhöht oder die Alarmschwelle verkleinert. Auch im umgekehrten Fall, wenn die Körpertemperatur unter die Umgebungstemperatur sinkt, bleibt die Detektionsempfindlichkeit nicht konstant. Such a detector, as described for example in US-A-4 195 234, has one constant detection sensitivity. However, if the ambient temperature is the body temperature of the intruder, the gain of the infrared signal is increased or the alarm threshold is reduced. Even in the opposite case, when the body temperature is below the Ambient temperature drops, the detection sensitivity does not remain constant.
In der US-A-5 629 676 ist ein Passiv-Infrarotmelder beschrieben, dessen Empfindlichkeit auch dann, wenn die Umgebungstemperatur die menschliche Körpertemperatur übersteigt, im wesentlichen konstant bleiben soll. Dieses Ziel wird dadurch erreicht, dass nach Überschreiten des Temperaturkontrastminimums, wenn Eindringling und Hintergrund ungefähr die gleiche Temperatur haben, die Melderempfindlichkeit verkleinert wird.A passive infrared detector is described in US Pat. No. 5,629,676, the sensitivity of which is also when the ambient temperature exceeds human body temperature, essentially should remain constant. This goal is achieved in that after the Temperature contrast minimums when intruder and background are approximately the same temperature the detector sensitivity is reduced.
Da der zweite Sensor, wie schon erwähnt, in der Regel auf der im Inneren des Melders vorgesehenen Melderplatine angeordnet ist, misst dieser Sensor nicht die Hintergrundtemperatur und streng genommen nicht einmal die Temperatur in der Umgebung des Melders, sondern die Temperatur im Melderinneren. Das kann dazu führen, dass es infolge von warmem oder kaltem Luftzug am Ort des Melders zu einer Fehlanpassung der Empfindlichkeit kommen kann, weil sich der Melder im Vergleich zum Hintergrund zu stark oder zu rasch erwärmt beziehungsweise abkühlt. Diese Fehlanpassung kann zu einer Reduktion der Robustheit des Melders gegenüber Störeinflüssen wie beispielsweise Weisslicht oder EMV-Störer und dergleichen führen.Since the second sensor, as already mentioned, is usually provided on the inside of the detector Detector board is arranged, this sensor does not measure the background temperature and strictly speaking, not even the temperature around the detector, but the temperature Temperature inside the detector. This can result in it being warm or cold Drafts at the detector location can lead to a mismatch in sensitivity because the detector warms up too much or too quickly compared to the background cools. This mismatch can reduce the robustness of the detector Interference such as white light or EMC interference and the like.
Die vorliegende Erfindung hat die Aufgabe, einen Passiv-Infrarotmelder der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, bei dem die Temperaturkompensation so wirkt, dass die Robustheit des Melders gegen Fehlalarme erhöht wird.The present invention has the task of a passive infrared detector of the type mentioned Specify the type in which the temperature compensation acts so that the robustness of the Detector against false alarms is increased.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass die Temperaturkompensation so ausgebildet ist, dass bei Änderung der Umgebungstemperatur keine unmittelbare Beeinflussung der Empfindlichkeit des Melders erfolgt. Vorzugsweise ist der zweite Sensor durch einen im Inneren des Melders angeordneten Temperatursensor gebildet.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the temperature compensation is so it is designed that when the ambient temperature changes, there is no direct influence the sensitivity of the detector. The second sensor is preferably a temperature sensor arranged in the interior of the detector.
Eine erste bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Melders ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beeinflussung der Empfindlichkeit des Melders erst nach einer Verzögerung erfolgt. Vorzugsweise ist die Verzögerung insbesondere dann wirksam, wenn eine Erhöhung der Umgebungstemperatur eine Erhöhung der Empfindlichkeit des Melders bewirken würde.A first preferred embodiment of the detector according to the invention is characterized in that that influencing the sensitivity of the detector only after a delay he follows. The delay is preferably effective in particular when there is an increase the ambient temperature would increase the sensitivity of the detector.
Die Verzögerung ist bei Anstieg oder Abfall der Umgebungstemperatur und/oder ober- und unterhalb eines minimalen Werts der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen der Wärmequelle und der Umgebung unterschiedlich. Vorzugsweise weist die Verzögerung eine von Parametern abhängige Dauer auf, wobei die Parameter durch die Geschwindigkeit der Änderung der Umgebungstemperatur und/oder durch die absolute Temperatur gebildet sind. Die Verzögerung kann mit elektronischen Mitteln oder durch Wärmeisolation des zweiten Sensors oder des von der Umgebungstemperatur beeinflussten Bauteils erfolgen.The delay is when the ambient temperature rises or falls and / or above and below a minimum value of the temperature difference between the heat source and the Environment different. The delay preferably has a parameter-dependent one Duration based on the parameters by the rate of change in ambient temperature and / or are formed by the absolute temperature. The delay can be with electronic means or by thermal insulation of the second sensor or of the ambient temperature affected component take place.
Eine zweite bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Melders ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beeinflussung der Empfindlichkeit des Melders in Abhängigkeit von der Geschwindigkeit der Änderung der Umgebungstemperatur erfolgt. A second preferred embodiment of the detector according to the invention is characterized in that that influencing the sensitivity of the detector depending on the The rate of change in ambient temperature occurs.
Vorzugsweise wird bei Überschreiten eines vorgebbaren ersten Werts der Geschwindigkeit der Temperaturänderung die Temperaturkompensation von einem ersten auf einen zweiten Modus und erst nach Unterschreiten eines zweiten Werts der Geschwindigkeit wieder auf den ersten Modus umgeschaltet. Beispielsweise ist die Temperaturkompensation im ersten Modus aktiviert und im zweiten Modus deaktiviert.When a predeterminable first value of the speed is exceeded, the Temperature change temperature compensation from a first to a second mode and only after falling below a second value of the speed back to the first Mode switched. For example, temperature compensation is activated in the first mode and deactivated in the second mode.
Bei der ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Melders werden durch die Verzögerung der Beeinflussung der Empfindlichkeit des Melders kurze lokale Temperaturschwankungen des Melders oder in dessen unmittelbarer Umgebung die Empfindlichkeit des Melders nicht beeinflussen, und die Temperaturkompensation wird im wesentlichen vom Verlauf der Hintergrundtemperatur abhängen.In the first preferred embodiment of the detector according to the invention, the delay in influencing the sensitivity of the detector short local temperature fluctuations the sensitivity of the detector or in its immediate vicinity Do not affect the detector, and the temperature compensation is essentially from the course depend on the background temperature.
Die Berücksichtigung der Geschwindigkeit der Änderung der Umgebungstemperatur gemäss der zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Melders hat den Vorteil, dass abnormal rasche Temperaturänderungen unterdrückt werden und nicht zu Fehlalarmen wegen unnötig erhöhter Empfindlichkeit des Melders führen können.Taking into account the speed of change in ambient temperature according to The second preferred embodiment of the detector according to the invention has the advantage that abnormal rapid temperature changes are suppressed and not false alarms due to unnecessarily increased sensitivity of the detector.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und der Zeichnungen
näher erläutert; es zeigt:
Der in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellte Passiv-Infrarotmelder ist von üblicher Bauart und enthält
insbesondere einen Pyrosensor 1 und eine Auswertestufe 2 zur Auswertung der Sensorsignale.
Der Pyrosensor 1 erzeugt bei einer Änderung der empfangenen Infrarot-Energie ein Signal,
welches in der Auswertestufe 2 zur Alarmfreigabe weiter verarbeitet wird. Der Aufbau eines
solchen Passiv-Infrarotmelders ist bekannt, es wird in diesem Zusammenhang auf die EP-A-0
361 224, 0 499 177 und 1 093 100 verwiesen.The passive infrared detector shown schematically in Fig. 1 is of conventional design and contains
in particular a
Der Pyrosensor 1 ist beispielsweise ein sogenannter Standard-Dualpyrosensor, wie er in den
Passiv-Infrarotmeldern der Siemens Building Technologies AG, früher Cerberus AG, eingesetzt
wird. Derartige Standard-Dualpyrosensoren enthalten zwei wärmeempfindliche Elemente oder
Flakes, deren Abbildungen auf dem Boden oder einer Wand eines Überwachungsraums die
Überwachungsbereiche definieren, von deren Umrandung jeweils ein Strahlenbündel zum jeweiligen
Flake verläuft. Sobald ein eine Wärmestrahlung aussendendes Objekt ein derartiges
Strahlenbündel kreuzt, oder mit anderen Worten, in einen Überwachungsraum eindringt, detektiert
der Sensor 1 die von diesem Objekt ausgesandte Wärmestrahlung.The
Es bestehen zwei Voraussetzungen für die Detektion dieser Wärmestrahlung, einerseits eine Bewegung des die Wärmestrahlung aussendenden Objekts und andererseits das Vorhandensein einer Temperaturdifferenz oder eines Temperaturkontrasts zwischen dem genannten Objekt, welches im folgenden der Einfachheit halber als Eindringling bezeichnet wird, und dessen Hintergrund. Dies deswegen, weil der Melder auf die charakteristische Änderung des die empfangene Wärmestrahlung repräsentierenden Signals beim Eindringen des Eindringlings in den Überwachungsbereich und/oder bei dessen Verlassen anspricht. Und diese Signaländerungen können selbstverständlich nur dann auftreten, wenn sich der Eindringling bewegt und wenn er sich ausserdem temperaturmässig vom Hintergrund abhebt. Ein Eindringling wird also umso sicherer detektiert, je stärker sich seine Temperatur von derjenigen des Hintergrunds unterscheidet.There are two prerequisites for the detection of this heat radiation, on the one hand Movement of the object emitting the heat radiation and on the other hand the presence a temperature difference or a temperature contrast between the above Object, which for the sake of simplicity is referred to as the intruder, and its background. This is because the detector changes the characteristic of the the signal representing heat radiation received when the intruder penetrates in the surveillance area and / or when it leaves. And these signal changes can of course only occur if the intruder moves and if it also stands out from the background in terms of temperature. So an intruder becomes The more reliably its temperature is detected, the more it detects that of the background different.
Das Signal des Pyrosensors 1 ist also ein Infrarotsignal, welches die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen
einer Wärmequelle (Eindringling) und dessen Hintergrund repräsentiert. Die Amplitude
des Infrarotsignals ist zu dieser Temperaturdifferenz proportional, wenngleich das Infrarotsignal
streng genommen dem Stefan-Boltzmannschen Gesetz gehorcht, gemäss dem die Gesamtstrahlung
eines schwarzen Körpers über alle Wellenlängen pro cm2 und Sekunde der 4. Potenz
der absoluten Temperatur des Körpers proportional ist. Unter der Voraussetzung einer annähernd
konstanten Körpertemperatur eines Eindringlings, ist also die Empfindlichkeit oder der
Detektionsbereich eines Passiv-Infrarotmelders weitgehend von der Hintergrundtemperatur
abhängig. Je näher diese bei der Körpertemperatur liegt, desto geringer wird die Empfindlichkeit
des Melders.The signal of the
Zur Erzielung einer über einen weiten Bereich der Hintergrundtemperatur weitgehend konstanten
Empfindlichkeit des Melders ist dieser mit einem von der Umgebungstemperatur beeinflussten
Bauteil, vorzugsweise einem Temperatursensor 3, und einer Temperaturkompensation 4
ausgerüstet. Die Temperaturkompensation 4 erhält von dem vorzugsweise auf der Platine des
Melders angeordneten Temperatursensor 3 laufend die Umgebungstemperatur T (Fig. 2) und
erhöht in einem bestimmten Temperaturbereich von beispielsweise 20° bis 35° die Detektionsempfindlichkeit.
Diese Erhöhung erfolgt entweder durch eine entsprechende Änderung der
Verstärkung des Signals des Pyrosensors 1 oder durch Reduktion der Alarmschwelle mit der
das Infrarotsignal verglichen wird. Im Fall einer Auswertung mit Hilfe von Fuzzy-Logic (siehe
EP-A-0 646 901) würden sinngemäss die Zugehörigkeitsfunktionen des Signals des Pyrosensors
1 zu den verschiedenen Fuzzy-Sets entsprechend adaptiert.To achieve a largely constant over a wide range of background temperatures
The sensitivity of the detector is influenced by the ambient temperature
Component, preferably a
Da der Temperatursensor 3 auf der Melderplatine angeordnet ist, misst er streng genommen
nicht die Hintergrundtemperatur sondern die Temperatur des Melders. In den meisten Fällen
hat das keinen Einfluss, weil diese beiden Temperaturen im wesentlichen gleich sind, es kann
aber vorkommen, dass sich der Melder im Vergleich zum Hintergrund infolge eines Luftzugs zu
rasch erwärmt oder abkühlt, was zu eine unangepasst Temperaturkompensation auslöst. Und
diese wiederum kann zu einer Reduktion der Melderrobustheit gegenüber Störeinflüssen wie
beispielsweise Weisslicht oder EMV-Störer, führen. Since the
Zur Ausschaltung dieser potentiellen Fehlalarmquelle ist vorgesehen, dass die Temperaturkompensation
4 so ausgebildet ist, dass bei Änderung der vom Temperatursensor 3 gemessenen
Umgebungstemperatur keine unmittelbare Beeinflussung der Empfindlichkeit des Melders
erfolgt. Zu diesem Zweck erfolgt die Beeinflussung der Empfindlichkeit des Melders mit einer
Verzögerung, wodurch bewirkt wird, dass sich eine Änderung der Umgebungstemperatur erst
nach einer bestimmten Zeit Δt auf die Melderempfindlichkeit auswirkt.To eliminate this potential false alarm source, it is provided that the
Diese Verzögerung erfolgt vor allem in den Fällen, wo aufgrund einer Erhöhung der Umgebungstemperatur
und der davon abgeleiteten Vermutung, dass sich der Temperaturkontrast
zwischen einem Eindringling und dem Hintergrund verkleinert hat, eine automatische Erhöhung
der Empfindlichkeit stattfinden würde. Die Verzögerung kann je nachdem, ob die vom Temperatursensor
3 gemessene Temperatur steigt oder fällt und/oder wie gross die Differenz zwischen
der Temperatur des Eindringlings und der Hintergrundtemperatur ist, unterschiedlich sein. Die
Verzögerung kann fest vorgegeben sein oder eine von bestimmten Parametern, wie beispielsweise
Geschwindigkeit der Temperaturänderung oder Höhe der absoluten Temperatur, abhängige
Dauer haben.This delay occurs mainly in cases where there is an increase in the ambient temperature
and the presumption derived from it that the temperature contrast
between an intruder and the background, an automatic increment
the sensitivity would take place. The delay may vary depending on whether the
Vorzugsweise wird die Verzögerung elektronisch realisiert. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Verzögerung
durch eine Wärmeisolation des Temperatursensors 3 oder des von der Umgebungstemperatur
beeinflussten Bauteils zu verwirklichen.The delay is preferably implemented electronically. But it is also possible to delay
by thermal insulation of the
Zusätzlich zur Verzögerung oder alternativ zu dieser kann man die Temperaturkompensation in
Abhängigkeit von der Geschwindigkeit der Änderung der vom Temperatursensor 3 gemessenen
Umgebungstemperatur steuern, indem man die Temperaturkompensation bei Überschreiten
einer bestimmten Schwelle der genannten Geschwindigkeitsänderung adaptiert und erst bei
Unterschreiten dieser oder einer anderen Schwelle wieder auf den ursprünglichen Wert schaltet.
Adaptieren heisst in diesem Zusammenhang umschalten von einem Modus mit normaler
Temperaturkompensation auf einen anderen Modus mit reduzierter Temperaturkompensation.
Adaptieren kann auch heissen, dass die Temperaturkompensation bei Überschreiten der genannten
Schwelle deaktiviert und erst bei Unterschreiten dieser Schwelle wieder aktiviert wird.In addition to the delay or as an alternative to this, the temperature compensation can be carried out in
Dependence on the speed of the change in the measured by the
In Fig. 2 ist die zuletzt genannte Methode zur Temperaturkompensation anhand eines Diagramms
erläutert. In der Figur ist mit dem Bezugszeichen T die vom Temperatursensor 3 gemessene
Umgebungstemperatur und mit der gestrichelt eingezeichneten Kurve TK der Modus
der Temperaturkompensation 4 bezeichnet. Die obere Linie der Kurve TK gibt den Modus
"Temperaturkompensation normal" und die untere Linie den Modus "Temperaturkompensation
reduziert" wieder. Die gestrichelten Pfeile A geben die maximale Steigung der Temperaturänderung
an, unterhalb von der die Temperaturkompensation in ihrem normalen Modus betrieben
wird. Die Pfeile B bezeichnen eine Verzögerung vor dem Umschalten der Temperaturkompensation
auf den Normalmodus.2 shows the last-mentioned method for temperature compensation using a diagram
explained. In the figure, T is the one measured by the
Claims (11)
- Passive infrared annunciator having a first sensor (1) for generating an infrared signal that is representative of the temperature difference between a heat source and its background, having a second sensor (3) influenced by the ambient temperature of the annunciator, and having an evaluation circuit (2) for processing the infrared signal, the evaluation circuit having a temperature compensation (4) for influencing the sensitivity of the annunciator in dependence on the said ambient temperature, characterized in that the temperature compensation (4) is of such design that, upon variation of the ambient temperature, the sensitivity of the annunciator is not directly influenced.
- Annunciator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the second sensor (3) consists of a temperature sensor disposed inside the annunciator.
- Annunciator according to Claim 2, characterized in that the sensitivity of the annunciator is influenced only after a delay.
- Annunciator according to Claim 3, characterized in that the delay becomes effective, in particular, if an increase of the ambient temperature would effect an increase of the sensitivity of the annunciator.
- Annunciator according to Claim 3, characterized in that the delay differs in the case of a rise or drop of the ambient temperature and/or above and below a minimum value of the temperature difference between the heat source and the environment.
- Annunciator according to any one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the delay has a duration dependent on parameters, the parameters consisting of the rate of variation of the ambient temperature and/or consisting of the absolute temperature.
- Annunciator according to any one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the delay is effected by electronic means.
- Annunciator according to Claim 2, characterized in that the delay is effected through thermal isolation of the second sensor (3) or of the component influenced by the ambient temperature.
- Annunciator according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sensitivity of the annunciator is influenced in dependence on the rate of variation of the ambient temperature.
- Annunciator according to Claim 9, characterized in that, if a predefinable first value of the rate of the temperature variation is exceeded, the temperature compensation (4) is switched over from a first to a second mode, and is only switched back over to the first mode following under-running of a second value of the rate.
- Annunciator according to Claim 10, characterized in that the temperature compensation (4) is activated in the first mode and deactivated in the second mode.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE50103419T DE50103419D1 (en) | 2001-11-05 | 2001-11-05 | Passive infrared detector |
| EP01126182A EP1308914B1 (en) | 2001-11-05 | 2001-11-05 | Passive Infrared detector |
| AT01126182T ATE274732T1 (en) | 2001-11-05 | 2001-11-05 | PASSIVE INFRARED DETECTOR |
| US10/282,526 US6800854B2 (en) | 2001-11-05 | 2002-10-29 | Passive infrared detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01126182A EP1308914B1 (en) | 2001-11-05 | 2001-11-05 | Passive Infrared detector |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1308914A1 EP1308914A1 (en) | 2003-05-07 |
| EP1308914B1 true EP1308914B1 (en) | 2004-08-25 |
Family
ID=8179156
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01126182A Expired - Lifetime EP1308914B1 (en) | 2001-11-05 | 2001-11-05 | Passive Infrared detector |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6800854B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1308914B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE274732T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50103419D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100504941C (en) * | 2002-05-12 | 2009-06-24 | 理斯科有限公司 | Dual sensor intruder alarm |
| JP4289561B2 (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2009-07-01 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | Vehicle abnormality detection method and apparatus, and sensor unit thereof |
| JP4978501B2 (en) * | 2008-02-14 | 2012-07-18 | 日本電気株式会社 | Thermal infrared detector and method for manufacturing the same |
| US8063372B2 (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2011-11-22 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Apparatus and method for temperature mapping a rotating turbine component in a high temperature combustion environment |
| JP5899393B2 (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2016-04-06 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Range food |
| US9442017B2 (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2016-09-13 | Dale Read | Occupancy sensor |
| US9500187B2 (en) * | 2014-02-03 | 2016-11-22 | Theodore S. Wills | Method, system and program product operable to relay a motion detector activation |
| US9666063B2 (en) | 2015-04-09 | 2017-05-30 | Google Inc. | Motion sensor adjustment |
| CN107230317A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2017-10-03 | 深圳富泰宏精密工业有限公司 | Abnormal behaviour monitoring system and method |
| US10775151B2 (en) | 2016-04-22 | 2020-09-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Distance determination |
| JP6796742B2 (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2020-12-09 | シグニファイ ホールディング ビー ヴィＳｉｇｎｉｆｙ Ｈｏｌｄｉｎｇ Ｂ．Ｖ． | Systems, methods, and equipment for compensating analog signal data from luminaires using ambient temperature estimates |
| US11058325B2 (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2021-07-13 | Stryker Corporation | Patient support apparatuses with multi-sensor fusion |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4195234A (en) * | 1978-02-02 | 1980-03-25 | Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. | Infrared intrusion alarm system with temperature responsive threshold level |
| CH676642A5 (en) | 1988-09-22 | 1991-02-15 | Cerberus Ag | |
| IT1245405B (en) | 1991-02-11 | 1994-09-20 | Bitron Video | ANTI-INTRUSION DEVICE |
| CH686805A5 (en) | 1993-10-04 | 1996-06-28 | Cerberus Ag | A method for processing the signals of a passive infrared detector and infrared detector for implementing the method. |
| IL110429A (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 1998-07-15 | Rokonet Electronics Limited | Alarm system |
| DE19736214A1 (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 1998-03-26 | Siemens Ag | Signal evaluation for movement detector |
| US5870022A (en) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-02-09 | Interactive Technologies, Inc. | Passive infrared detection system and method with adaptive threshold and adaptive sampling |
| JPH11132857A (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 1999-05-21 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Infrared detector |
| DE59909695D1 (en) | 1999-10-14 | 2004-07-15 | Siemens Building Tech Ag | Passive infrared detector |
-
2001
- 2001-11-05 AT AT01126182T patent/ATE274732T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-11-05 EP EP01126182A patent/EP1308914B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-05 DE DE50103419T patent/DE50103419D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-10-29 US US10/282,526 patent/US6800854B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1308914A1 (en) | 2003-05-07 |
| DE50103419D1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| ATE274732T1 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
| US20030136908A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
| US6800854B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 |
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