Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P39/00—Processes involving microorganisms of different genera in the same process, simultaneously
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
  • C02F3/343—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used for digestion of grease, fat, oil
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
  • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
  • C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P1/00—Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P3/00 - C12P39/00, by using microorganisms or enzymes
  • C12P1/04—Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P3/00 - C12P39/00, by using microorganisms or enzymes by using bacteria
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
  • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
  • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
  • C12R2001/22—Klebsiella
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
  • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
  • Y10S435/822—Microorganisms using bacteria or actinomycetales
  • Y10S435/828—Aerobacter
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
  • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
  • Y10S435/822—Microorganisms using bacteria or actinomycetales
  • Y10S435/852—Klebsiella
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
  • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
  • Y10S435/822—Microorganisms using bacteria or actinomycetales
  • Y10S435/88—Serratia

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of the treatment of effluents loaded with organic fats of animal or vegetable origin as they result from industrial processes and in particular those implemented in the food, agro-food field or in similar sectors.
• the invention relates very particularly to the field of pretreatment of said effluents and relates to a bacterial composition, a method and an installation for the pretreatment of the abovementioned effluents.
• Another solution consists in storing said fatty materials, possibly after concentration and / or specific packaging in an approved landfill for final treatment in a specialized center or an incineration unit.
• the bacteria currently used do not retain, by multiplying, the properties which were initially conferred on them during their creation by genetic manipulation. It is therefore necessary to make frequent and costly supplies of new bacteria to maintain the effectiveness of the process.
• the problem posed in the present invention therefore consists in overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks and in designing a bacterial composition, a process and an installation for the pretreatment of effluents loaded with fatty substances, more particularly effluents from the food sector or agro-food, constituting a more efficient solution (yield in terms of fat removed greater than 90%), inexpensive and more reliable over time, and making it possible to meet the most stringent regulatory requirements with regard to purified effluents discharged .
• the subject of the present invention is a bacterial composition for degrading organic fats, characterized in that it mainly comprises the bacterial strain Klebsiella Oxytoca, and the use of a bacterial composition according to the present invention for treatment or pre-treatment of effluents loaded with organic fats, in particular effluents from the food or agrifood industry.
• the present invention also relates to a process for the pre-treatment of effluents loaded with organic fats, in particular of effluents from the food or agrifood industry, characterized in that it consists in directly pre-treating said said effluents containing said fats leaving their place of production and in that it consists in carrying out the following steps:
• the present invention also relates to an installation for the pre-treatment of effluents loaded with organic fats, in particular for the implementation of the method according to the present invention, characterized in that it is mainly constituted by at least a homogenization and / or conditioning tank, at least one biological reactor with a capacity adapted to the daily flow rate of effluents to be pre-treated and to the fat concentration thereof, said biological reactor being connected to the homogenization and conditioning tank (s) by a recirculation circuit, at least one device for controlled oxygen supply disposed in the biological reactor (s) and at least one evacuation of the pre-effluents treated, for example by overflow, outside said biological reactor or reactors.
• FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of the method according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a simplified top view of an installation according to the present invention.
• the bacterial composition for the degradation of organic fats is characterized in that it mainly comprises the bacterial strain Klebsiella Oxytoca. It has been unexpectedly and surprisingly found that the selected strain is particularly effective in degrading organic fats, in particular in degrading fats of animal or vegetable origin from the food or agrifood industry.
• the bacterial composition according to the present invention is characterized in that it further comprises the bacterial strain Serratia Odorifera and / or Aéromonas Hydrophyla.
• the specific association of these bacterial strains has proven to be particularly effective and economical for the degradation of the abovementioned fats.
• the strains according to the invention thus make it possible to obtain excellent yields in terms of degraded fats.
• the microorganism or microorganisms according to the invention are advantageously added in a solid lyophilized form to the culture medium contained in the fat treatment reactor.
• the average bacterial quantity contained in the composition according to the present invention is of the order of 10 16 bacteria / g of solid material. During the seeding of microorganisms, an average amount of 2.10 15 bacteria / m 3 is necessary for good efficiency of said microorganisms.
• the bacterial composition according to the present invention is characterized in that it is composed: from 60% to 90%, preferably about 80% by weight of bacteria of the Klebsiella Oxytoca strain, from 5% to 20%, preferably about 10% by weight of bacteria of the Serratia Odorifera strain, and from 5% to 20%, preferably about 10% by weight of bacteria of the Aéromonas Hydrophyla strain, the total of the three strains being equal to 100%.
• the aforementioned bacterial strains initialize the degradation of fats by cutting the ester link between glycerol and the long chains of fatty acids because they contain lipases which make it possible to operate this enzymatic cut. It follows a degradation ( ⁇ - oxidation) of fatty acids from the free carboxylic function by decarbonation of an acyl group. This last step is also carried out by these strains.
• the bacterial composition according to the present invention can be used for the treatment or the pretreatment of effluents loaded with organic fats, in particular of effluents from the food or agro-food industry.
• FIG. 1 illustrates, schematically, the method of the present invention.
• Said method is characterized in that it consists in directly pre-treating said effluents containing said fats at the outlet of their place of production and in that it consists in carrying out the following steps: - feeding a homogenization tank and / or conditioning 1 of effluents to be pre-treated, as and when they are produced and activating a recirculation circuit 2 between the latter and a biological reactor 3 so as to obtain in said biological reactor 3 a rate of dilution of the materials fat inversely proportional to the concentration of fat initially present in the effluents to be pre-treated and between 0.400 h "1 and 1.500 h " 1 for a concentration of fat contained in said effluents to be pre-treated entering the tank homogenization and / or packaging 1 of 1 g / 1, - degrade said fats in said biological reactor 3 using a compo bacterial sition according to the present invention, and - evacuate the pretreated effluents containing practically no more fat to a final treatment unit such as
• the method according to the present invention makes it possible to work directly on the flow of effluents rich in fats, that is to say without prior physico-chemical separation. Of course, it is also possible to work on fats which have undergone prior physical treatment.
• the degradation of fats by hydrolysis and oxidation is carried out thanks to the bacterial composition according to the present invention.
• the latter is particularly effective when the intake of fatty effluents is carried out continuously. That is why, the biodegradation of greases takes place directly on the raw effluent by working on the flow.
• the effectiveness of said composition depends on the dilution rate existing in the installation. This dilution rate corresponds to the ratio of the effluent flow rate to the volume of the biological reactor 3 and depends on the concentration of fat initially present in the effluents to be pretreated.
• the method according to the present invention is characterized in that the dilution ratio obtained in the biological reactor 3 is inversely proportional to the concentration of fatty substances initially present in the effluents to be pre-treated and preferably between 0.528 h "1 and 1.056 h " 1 for a concentration of fat contained in said effluents to be pre-treated entering the homogenization and / or conditioning tank 1 of 1 g / 1.
• the dilution rate being inversely proportional to the fat concentration initially present in the effluents to be pre-treated, it suffices to divide each of the limit values of the rate ranges indicated above (given for a fat concentration of 1 g / 1) by the appropriate factor to determine the ranges of dilution rates to be used for other fat concentrations.
• the dilution rate will be between 0.800 h “1 and 3,000 h “ 1 , preferably between 1.056 h “1 and 2.112 h “ 1 while for a initial fat content of, for example 4 g / 1, said dilution rate will then be between 0.100 h “1 and 0.375 h “ 1 , preferably between 0.132 h “1 and 0.264 h “ 1 , etc.
• the process in accordance with the present invention is characterized in that the concentration of fatty substances in the effluents to be pretreated entering the homogenization and / or conditioning tank 1 is less than 40 g / l, and preferably between 0.5 g / 1 and 10 g / 1.
• a too low fat concentration is likely to harm the good development (growth) or the maintenance in life of the cultures of micro-organisms therefore to the chemical performances and the economic profitability of the process, as well as a too high concentration Fat can also inhibit bacterial growth.
• correct degradation of the lipids that is to say with a yield of the order of 70 to 99%
• the dilution rate of the fats initially present in the effluents to be pretreated must be between 0.400 h "1 and 1.500 h " 1 for a concentration of fats contained in said effluents to be pre-treated entering the homogenization and / or conditioning tank 1 of 1 g / liter. Outside this range of dilution rate values, it is possible that the activity of lipid degradation decreases significantly.
• the effluents to be pre-treated can also be subjected to a prior screening operation 9 with a view to the separation of the solid materials possibly present in said effluents, this before the arrival of said effluents in the homogenization tank and / or conditioning 1.
• This measure makes it possible to limit the size of the solid particles discharged into said homogenization and / or conditioning tank 1 by trapping, for example, the solid particles having sections greater than 1 cm 2 .
• the homogenization and / or conditioning tank 1 is provided with an agitator or any other means of agitation usually used in these applications which allows good mixing and therefore good homogenization of the effluents (temperature, pH, fat concentration ).
• the effluents advantageously arrive from above in said tank 1, which makes it possible to disperse the biomass well.
• the effluents are pumped at a flow rate dependent on the aforementioned dilution rate and therefore on the fat concentration, towards the biological reactor 3.
• the latter is equipped with a device for ventilation and a pump (not shown) for activating the recirculation circuit 2 existing between said biological reactor 3 and said homogenization and / or conditioning tank 1.
• the arrival, in the homogenization and / or conditioning tank 1, of the recirculation waters discharged by the recirculation circuit 2 is carried out by a spraying device 4 by the top.
• a spraying device 4 by the top.
• the biological degradation mainly takes place in the biological reactor 3 thanks to an oxygen enrichment of the medium, for example thanks to an aeration or oxygenation device, preferably thanks to at least one device for controlled supply of oxygen 7.
• the quantity of air to be blown into the biological reactor 3 must be large enough for the development of the biomass to be able to take place but must not cause a flotation of the fats in the said biological reactor 3.
• the air intake is preferably done by a coarse bubbling.
• the pretreated effluents pass by overflow and flow by gravity into a decanter 5 where the decantable particles sediment.
• the evacuation of the pretreated effluents is done by means of a settling tank 5 on the upper part of which a floating pump 6 is provided for the elimination of supernatant and non-settling sludge.
• the decanter 5 is preferably conical at the base and the outlet of the pretreated water is also carried out by overflow.
• the average residence time of the effluents in the installation according to the invention is of the order of 24 hours.
• the supernatant and non-settling sludge can be reinjected into, or upstream from the homogenization and / or conditioning tank 1, for example via the recycling circuit 8 shown diagrammatically in the figure 1.
• the excess settling sludge is discharged.
• the present invention also relates to an installation for the pretreatment of effluents loaded with organic fats, and intended in particular, but not limited to, for the implementation of the pretreatment method described above.
• This installation is mainly constituted, as shown in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings, by at least one homogenization and / or conditioning tank 1, at least one biological reactor 3 with a capacity adapted to the daily flow rate of effluents to be pretreated and to the fat concentration of the latter, said biological reactor 3 being connected to the homogenization and conditioning tank (s) 1 by a recirculation circuit 2, at least one controlled oxygen supply device 7 placed in the biological reactor (s) 3 and at least one discharge of the pretreated effluents, for example by overflow, outside said biological reactor (s) 3.
• the recirculation circuit 2 has not been shown in the figure 2.
• the biological reactor 3 advantageously has a conformation facilitating the extraction of residual sludge by the settling tank 5 and making it suitable for receiving at least one controlled oxygen supply device 7 which allows, by providing a supply of massive oxygen, maintain or accelerate the development and activity of biodegradation of bacteria in order to quickly reduce biological pollution to an acceptable level for the final treatment, for example in a treatment plant.
• the biological reactor 3 can be placed inside a storage tank, including the controlled oxygen supply device 7, for example a fine bubble diffuser, and be provided with conventional means. injection of chemical and / or biological products promoting purification. It is also advantageously equipped with the usual means for analyzing and controlling the quality of the effluents before and / or after their treatment, in particular their degree of fat pollution and / or their oxygenation level.
• These analysis means and the other technical devices are preferably grouped together in a technical center 10.
• Said biological reactor 3 could, for example, consist of a reactor of the type of those manufactured by the applicant.
• the residual sludge obtained after extraction of the liquid effluents comprises, on the one hand, decantable and little biodegradable suspended matter and, on the other hand, supernatant and non-decantable sludge which can be reinjected into or upstream of the tank. homogenization and / or packaging 1 by an appropriate recycling circuit 8.
• the settling sludge can be purged, with a view to its storage or spreading.
• the final sludge can also, depending on the quantities produced and the capacity of the decanter 5, remain stored in said decanter 5 for extraction and complete cleaning every 1 to 2 years, for example.
• the effluents are subjected to sieving or screening 9, possibly associated with decantation, before their discharge into the homogenization and / or packaging tank 1.
• necessary equipment known per se can complete the installation.
• the installation according to the invention is assembled in an oval tank 11, preferably made of concrete and compartmentalized in three basins, which can be buried or semi-buried, the machinery being assembled in a technical center 10 placed at - above said oval tank.
• the installation according to the invention may also comprise at least one control and management unit for the process implemented, for example of the programmable automatic controller type, which automatically controls the progress of the successive stages of treatment, by being associated with sensors and to suitable actuators.
• at least one control and management unit for the process implemented for example of the programmable automatic controller type, which automatically controls the progress of the successive stages of treatment, by being associated with sensors and to suitable actuators.
• the quantities of processed fats can be of the order of a tonne of fat per day, which corresponds to 35m 3 per day of discharges at around 5 g / 1 of fat.

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• 2001
  • 2001-07-27 CN CNB018135064A patent/CN1237014C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2001-07-27 WO PCT/FR2001/002486 patent/WO2002010078A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2001-07-27 US US10/088,596 patent/US7045340B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2001-07-27 EP EP01958200A patent/EP1307410A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-07-27 AU AU2001279930A patent/AU2001279930A1/en not_active Abandoned

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