EP1301578B1 - Fcc reactor vessel - Google Patents

Fcc reactor vessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1301578B1
EP1301578B1 EP01945350A EP01945350A EP1301578B1 EP 1301578 B1 EP1301578 B1 EP 1301578B1 EP 01945350 A EP01945350 A EP 01945350A EP 01945350 A EP01945350 A EP 01945350A EP 1301578 B1 EP1301578 B1 EP 1301578B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vessel
gas
reactor
shield
reactor vessel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01945350A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1301578A1 (en
Inventor
Ernst Antonius Bakker
David John Bridger
Hendricus Arien Dirkse
Stephen Brian Fowler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Priority to EP01945350A priority Critical patent/EP1301578B1/en
Publication of EP1301578A1 publication Critical patent/EP1301578A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1301578B1 publication Critical patent/EP1301578B1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
    • C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique

Definitions

  • the invention is related to a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) reactor vessel comprising means to avoid the formation of coke on the surface of the vessel's internals and vessel walls.
  • the invention is especially related to a method of retrofitting existing FCC reactor vessels such that a reactor vessel is obtained which, in use, will experience less coke formation on its internals and vessel walls.
  • FCC fluidized catalytic cracking
  • US-A-4,961,863 describes an FCC reactor vessel comprising at its upper end cyclone means to separate catalyst particles from an effluent of a dilute phase fluidized catalytic cracking reactor riser, which cyclone means are fluidly connected to the downstream part of the reactor riser, fluidly connected with means to discharge the cleaned reactor riser effluent from the vessel and fluidly connected to dipleg means to discharge the separated catalyst to the lower end of the vessel.
  • a secondary gas discharge opening will be present, generally between or after the separation means, to allow gasses present in the reactor vessel to be discharged from the reactor vessel together with the cleaned reactor riser effluent.
  • Such configurations wherein these means are fluidly connected, resulting in short contact times and low after cracking are referred to as so-called closed-cyclone or close-coupled FCC reactor configurations.
  • coke tends to form on, for example, the surface of the separator means of an FCC reactor vessel of for example US-A-4961863. This is especially the case when an FCC unit is operating on a more heavier feedstock than it was designed for. This is because small amounts of coke precursors, for example heavy hydrocarbons, are not fully separated from the catalysts in the separation means. When these small amounts of coke precursors together with the catalyst are discharged to the lower end of the reactor vessel they will almost immediately separate from the catalyst and flow upwardly in the reactor vessel. Coke will form when these coke precursors come into contact with the hot exterior of for example the separator means.
  • the problem of excessive coke formation is especially a problem when processing heavy feedstocks in FCC reactor vessels which have been modified from a conventional non-close coupled design into the so-called close-coupled design. If the coke formation reaches a certain level large fragments of coke can to drop down into the lower end of the reactor vessel. These large coke fragments can in turn cause blockage of the means to discharge catalysts from the reactor vessel. Due to such blockage the FCC unit will have to be shut down in order to remove the blockage. It has been experienced that such unscheduled shutdowns occurred already after 1 to 2 years of operations. This is very disadvantageous. Especially considering the fact that an FCC unit is supposed to operate without an unscheduled shut down for many years, for example 4 years.
  • Fluidized catalytic cracking reactor vessel comprising at its upper end means to separate catalyst particles from an effluent of a dilute phase fluidized catalytic cracking reactor riser, which separation means are fluidly connected to the downstream part of the reactor riser, fluidly connected with means to discharge the cleaned reactor riser effluent from the vessel and fluidly connected to means to discharge the separated catalyst to the lower end of the vessel, the vessel further comprising at its lower end means to discharge catalyst from the reactor vessel, wherein
  • the resulting flow path of the coke precursors from the lower end of the reactor vessel to the secondary gas discharge opening within the interior space will be shorter than in an apparatus without a shield.
  • a lower residence time of coke precursors will result and consequently also less coke will form in the interior space. Due to the presence of the shield more turbulence within the interior space will occur, thereby further reducing any coke formation.
  • the shield of the apparatus according the invention is present between the side wall of the vessel and the separation means.
  • the resulting interior space is in open communication with the lower end of the reactor vessel such that vapours, coke precursors and optional stripping gas present in the lower end of the vessel can freely enter the interior space from below.
  • the exterior space is fluidly connected by means of one or more openings with the interior space. These openings can be present in the shield. Preferably this opening is formed by a space between the side wall of the reactor vessel and the lower end of the shield. In this configuration the shield and the side walls of the reactor vessel do not meet which is advantageous because of obvious constructional advantages. Because both exterior space and interior space are fluidly connected with the lower end of the reactor vessel, interior space and exterior space are fluidly connected according to this invention.
  • the shield may consist of a substantially vertical, i.e. tube or box like, wall extending from the roof of the vessel to a position at the lower end of the vessel and horizontally enclosing the separation means.
  • the shield comprises of tube-like side walls and a roof, wherein the roof is positioned just above the separation means. This is advantageous because it reduces the volume of the interior space resulting in more turbulence and less residence time of the flow of coke precursors inside the interior space.
  • the additional gas poor in coke precursors which is added to the exterior space will flow via the opening(s) in the shield into the interior space and into the secondary gas discharge opening.
  • the velocity of the gas in these opening(s) in the shield should be sufficiently high in order to avoid coke precursors entering the exterior space from the lower end of the vessel.
  • this gas velocity is between 1 and 5 m/s and more preferably greater than 2 m/s.
  • This gas velocity can be achieved by adjusting the volume of gas poor in coke precursors which is added to the exterior space and/or by adjusting the area of the openings in the shield.
  • a shield having an opening which opens into the lower end of the reactor vessel, as described above can be advantageously modified by adding a lower shield section which is inclined towards the vessel side wall, thereby reducing the area of the annular (like) opening.
  • the separation means to separate the catalyst from the effluent of the dilute phase fluidized catalytic cracking reactor riser may be any means known to one skilled in the art.
  • the separation means are preferably a combination of a primary and secondary separator.
  • the primary separators are horizontal cyclone separators wherein the effluent is tangentially fed into a horizontally mounted cylinder.
  • Such a horizontal cyclone separator or twin drum separator is for example described in the above mentioned US-A-4,961,863.
  • Another very suitable primary separator is a conventional vertical cyclone either provided with or without a dipleg.
  • Vertical cyclones provided with a dipleg are the most commonly used primary separators in FCC processes as is illustrated in the above referred to general textbook.
  • Vertical cyclones without a dipleg are for example described in EP-A-643122.
  • Secondary separators are suitably a vertical cyclone or a swirl tube separator.
  • Vertical cyclones provided with a dipleg are the most commonly used secondary separators in FCC processes as is illustrated in the above referred to general textbook.
  • more than one primary separator is fluidly connected to the downstream end of the dilute phase fluidized catalytic cracking reactor riser.
  • more than one secondary separator can be fluidly connected to one primary separator.
  • the gas outlet of a primary separator may discharge the catalyst-poor gaseous effluent in the upper part of the interior space. This gas will enter a gas inlet opening of the secondary separator also located in the interior space. The gas inlet opening of the secondary cyclone will also serve as the secondary gas discharge opening.
  • the gas outlet conduit of the primary separator and the gas inlet conduit of the secondary separator are fluidly connected as in a closed-coupled FCC configuration.
  • the secondary gas discharge opening as described above is suitably present in the conduit connecting the primary and secondary separators.
  • the secondary gas discharge opening may be present in the gas outlet conduit of the secondary separator.
  • a stripping zone is present in the lower part of the reactor vessel.
  • the lower boiling hydrocarbons present in the catalyst as discharged into the lower vessel end are separated by contacting with a suitable stripping medium, preferably comprising steam, in a dense phase fluidized bed of catalyst.
  • the stripping medium is the fluidizing medium of said fluidized bed.
  • the stripping gas and the hydrocarbons enter the interior space to be discharged from the vessel via the secondary gas discharge opening.
  • a separate stripping vessel may be present to further strip hydrocarbons from the catalyst obtained in the reactor vessel. This latter configuration is sometimes referred to as three vessel FCC configuration, the regenerator being the third vessel.
  • the gas poor in coke precursors which is added to the exterior space, is preferably the stripping gas comprising hydrocarbons as obtained in the separate stripping vessel. It has been found that the content of coke precursors in this gas stream is sufficiently low in order to use the gas for this purpose.
  • gas poor in coke precursors can be any inert gas, for example nitrogen or low boiling hydrocarbons. Preferably steam is used.
  • the reactor vessel can be suitably used to process more heavy feeds. These heavy feeds are characterized in that they have a Conradson carbon of more than 1 wt% and wherein more than 40 vol% of its components have a boiling point of more than 475 °C.
  • the invention is also directed to a method for retrofitting an existing fluidized catalytic cracking reactor vessel comprising at its upper end means to separate catalyst particles from an effluent of a dilute phase fluidized catalytic cracking reactor riser, means to discharge the cleaned reactor riser effluent from the vessel and means to discharge the separated catalyst to the lower end of the vessel and at its lower end means to discharge catalyst from the reactor vessel, wherein a shield is added to the existing reactor vessel in order to arrive at a reactor vessel as described above.
  • Existing FCC reactor vessels for example designed for a light feed, can advantageously be retrofitted with this simple method in order to arrive at an FCC unit which can handle more heavier feeds.
  • Typical FCC processes which can be retrofitted with this method are for example described in the aforementioned general textbook pages 24 to 42.
  • This method of retrofitting is especially advantageous because by adding a simple element, the shield, coke problems can be avoided without having to take more rigorous measures, like for example replacing the entire reactor vessel by a reactor especially designed for a heavier feed.
  • Figure 1 shows a fluidized catalytic cracking reactor vessel (1) which is part of a three vessel FCC configuration.
  • the reactor vessel (1) comprising at its upper end the downstream part of a dilute phase fluidized catalytic cracking reactor riser (2).
  • two primary horizontal cyclone separators (3) are shown.
  • the effluent is tangentially fed into a horizontally mounted cylinder (4).
  • One primary cyclone is fluidly connected to two secondary cyclones (6) of which only one is shown.
  • the gas outlet openings (5) of the primary separators (3) is fluidly connected to the gas inlets (not shown) of secondary cyclones (6).
  • the secondary cyclones (6) are vertical cyclones provided with a dipleg (7).
  • the primary cyclones are also provided with a dipleg (8).
  • the gas outlet (9) of the secondary cyclones are connected to a discharge conduit (10) through which the cleaned reactor riser effluent leaves the reactor vessel (1).
  • a secondary gas discharge opening is present (not shown) through which gas entering the interior space from below can be discharged from the reactor vessel via the gas outlet conduits (9) and (10).
  • the reactor vessel (1) is further provided at its lower end with a conduit (11) to discharge catalyst from the reactor vessel to the stripping vessel (not shown).
  • a stripping zone (12) is present provided with means (13) to supply stripping gas a fluidization medium.
  • a shield (14) is present having an opening (15) at its lower end.
  • the shield (14) has a flat roof (18), vertical walls (19) and an inclined lower wall section (20).
  • the shield (14) encloses an interior space (16) from an exterior space (17). Both exterior and interior space are in communication with the lower end (21).
  • a supply conduit (22) is present to supply gas poor in coke precursors from the separate stripping vessel (not shown) to the exterior space (17). This gas will leave the exterior space (17) via discharge opening (23) and flow via lower end (21) of the reactor vessel (1) and opening (15) to the interior space (16).
  • the gas outlet opening of conduit (22) is arranged such that the gas poor in coke tangentially enters the vessel (1). This is advantageous because a good mixing of gas poor in coke is achieved in the exterior space (17).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Memory System Of A Hierarchy Structure (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
EP01945350A 2000-07-14 2001-07-10 Fcc reactor vessel Expired - Lifetime EP1301578B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01945350A EP1301578B1 (en) 2000-07-14 2001-07-10 Fcc reactor vessel

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00306003 2000-07-14
EP00306003 2000-07-14
EP01945350A EP1301578B1 (en) 2000-07-14 2001-07-10 Fcc reactor vessel
PCT/EP2001/007937 WO2002006425A1 (en) 2000-07-14 2001-07-10 Fcc reactor vessel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1301578A1 EP1301578A1 (en) 2003-04-16
EP1301578B1 true EP1301578B1 (en) 2006-11-22

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EP01945350A Expired - Lifetime EP1301578B1 (en) 2000-07-14 2001-07-10 Fcc reactor vessel

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Country Link
EP (1) EP1301578B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2004504440A (zh)
CN (1) CN1266254C (zh)
AT (1) ATE346129T1 (zh)
AU (2) AU6759301A (zh)
BR (1) BR0112488A (zh)
CA (1) CA2415711A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE60124719T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2275693T3 (zh)
MX (1) MXPA03000319A (zh)
RU (1) RU2268912C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2002006425A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2894849B1 (fr) * 2005-12-20 2008-05-16 Inst Francais Du Petrole Nouveau reacteur a deux zones reactionnelles fluidisees avec systeme de separation gaz/solide integre
US10731086B2 (en) * 2017-01-27 2020-08-04 Technip Process Technology, Inc. Riser separation system

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4404095A (en) * 1982-07-22 1983-09-13 Mobil Oil Corporation Method and means for separating gaseous materials from finely divided catalyst particles
US4581205A (en) * 1983-09-06 1986-04-08 Mobil Oil Corporation Closed cyclone FCC system with provisions for surge capacity
GB8805755D0 (en) * 1988-03-10 1988-04-07 Shell Int Research Apparatus for separation of solids from mixture of solids & fluid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1441835A (zh) 2003-09-10
DE60124719D1 (de) 2007-01-04
ATE346129T1 (de) 2006-12-15
BR0112488A (pt) 2003-07-01
CA2415711A1 (en) 2002-01-24
AU6759301A (en) 2002-01-30
EP1301578A1 (en) 2003-04-16
DE60124719T2 (de) 2007-09-13
WO2002006425A1 (en) 2002-01-24
CN1266254C (zh) 2006-07-26
MXPA03000319A (es) 2004-04-05
ES2275693T3 (es) 2007-06-16
RU2268912C2 (ru) 2006-01-27
JP2004504440A (ja) 2004-02-12
AU2001267593B2 (en) 2004-03-18

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