EP1292385A1 - Method and facility for producing micromembrane capsules - Google Patents
Method and facility for producing micromembrane capsulesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1292385A1 EP1292385A1 EP01947241A EP01947241A EP1292385A1 EP 1292385 A1 EP1292385 A1 EP 1292385A1 EP 01947241 A EP01947241 A EP 01947241A EP 01947241 A EP01947241 A EP 01947241A EP 1292385 A1 EP1292385 A1 EP 1292385A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drops
- beads
- precipitated
- coating
- suspension
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001688 coating polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002851 polycationic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000007863 gel particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019993 champagne Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyvinylpyrrolydone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015040 sparkling wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5089—Processes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and to a plant for the production of micro-membrane capsules on an industrial scale, for use in food technology, biotechnology, the chemical and / or pharmaceutical industry and medicine.
- Such capsules consist of a preferably spherical core which contains the immobilized substance or living cells or microorganisms and which can be surrounded by a shell which completely surrounds this core.
- yeast immobilized in alginate spheres for bottle fermentation in the production of sparkling wine This means that the time-consuming, manual shaking of the yeast deposit can be replaced by the rapid sinking of the beads in the champagne bottle.
- a disadvantage of these immobilizates, however, is the fact that yeast growth from the beads cannot always be prevented.
- the German laid-open specification DE 3836894 AI describes a method and an apparatus which can be used to produce such alginate beads.
- a suspension is formed from the microorganisms to be immobilized and the alginate base material, which is then dripped into a precipitation bath. This is done via capillaries, which are set in vibration.
- the process described here can also be used to produce larger amounts of capsules, the immobilisates obtained are not suitable for including chemical substances due to the lack of an additional capsule membrane. The cells cannot grow out of the capsules either.
- the PCT application PCT / CH96 / 00097 describes a similar process for the production of microcapsules which, in contrast to the above-mentioned production process, enables the beads to be prepared under sterile conditions, that is to say mainly provides capsules for the medical field.
- the immobilisates obtained with the device described here have the same shortcomings as those in the above method.
- Cell growth cannot be guaranteed and chemical compounds such as proteins (enzymes) cannot be kept in the capsules.
- Patent specification P 43 12 970.6 describes a membrane capsule which is suitable for immobilizing enzymes and proteins, but also living cells.
- the core which contains the immobilizate, surrounded by a multilayer shell, each of these layers imparting a certain property to the entire shell.
- the shell polymers Through the advantageous choice of the shell polymers, the permeability of the membrane can be reduced so that enzymes also remain in the capsule, while the much smaller substrates and products can pass through the membrane. So far, however, these capsules can only be produced on a laboratory scale, i.e. in small quantities.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and an associated system that or that makes it possible for the first time to manufacture micro-membrane capsules in large quantities, that is, on an industrial scale.
- the solution of the disclosure of the invention is carried out with a method according to claim 1 and a system according to claim 26.
- the manufacturing process according to the invention is therefore divided into two sections, namely the shaping and the coating.
- the material to be encapsulated is suspended or dissolved in a basic solution, preferably sodium alginate.
- a basic solution preferably sodium alginate.
- This basic material suspension or solution is then conveyed into a coating reactor via a suitable device. This can either be done with compressed air, but pumps, screw conveyors etc. can also be used. This suspension or solution is then added dropwise to a precipitation bath.
- Ball shaped This can be done either by complexing with a polyvalent salt solution as in the case of the alginate, or by changing physical parameters such as e.g. Temperature.
- a polyvalent salt solution as in the case of the alginate, or by changing physical parameters such as e.g. Temperature.
- Liquid drops thus form the gel and enclose the material to be encapsulated.
- capillaries can be used in which the drop is torn off by an air stream, as in F. Lim and A. Sun in Science; Volume 210, pages 908-910, year 1980. This gives capsule sizes between approx. 200 ⁇ m and approx. 2 mm with a very narrow size distribution.
- several nozzles are arranged on a nozzle plate incorporated in the reactor.
- Another usable method for droplet generation is that described in patent application DE 3836894.
- Several capillaries are vibrated here, which leads to the liquid jets being broken down into individual drops. Such nozzle plates can be introduced into the reactor.
- the capsules obtained here also have a diameter between approximately 200 ⁇ m and approximately 2 mm, the productivity being significantly higher than in the case of the above-mentioned nozzles, but with a much broader size distribution.
- Very small particles in the range from approx. 20 ⁇ m to approx. 200 ⁇ m, are obtained by spinning on a turntable.
- the flight cone of the drops must be taken into account when designing the reactor, so that they get into the precipitation bath and do not get caught on the walls.
- the resulting gel particles are coated by immersing them in the respective coating solutions.
- These are dilute aqueous solutions of polymers with anionic or cationic groups such as chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolydone, polyethyleneimine, carbocymethyl cellulose, alginate, polyacrylic acid, etc., which form so-called polyelectrolyte complex layers on the capsule surface.
- polymers with anionic or cationic groups such as chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolydone, polyethyleneimine, carbocymethyl cellulose, alginate, polyacrylic acid, etc.
- the manufacturing process takes place at approx. 25 ° C and atmospheric pressure. Nevertheless, a temperature control option can be provided for the reactors to heat the liquids up to approx. 65 ° C or to cool them down to approx. 5 ° C if necessary.
- Fig. La; 1b; 2a: 2b; 3a; and 3c show several exemplary embodiments of the method and the associated plants for the large-scale production of membrane capsules.
- 3a and 3b show variants of a plant which only works with one reactor and in which, as shown in FIG. 3b, all the reagents used in the process can initially be present as concentrates.
- a suspension of the material to be encapsulated and the basic material solution is first prepared and poured into the pressure vessel GS.
- the vessel is pressurized (approx. 8-10 bar), whereby the suspension is pressed into the corresponding reactor via the open valve V.
- This can be FR or R depending on the system.
- the vessel GS can be additionally ventilated by means of an additional valve BV, which is shown in some embodiments according to the invention.
- the liquid must be transported using compressed air so that the material to be encapsulated is not damaged. However, other gentle systems such as suitable pumps or screw conveyors can also be used.
- the suspension is broken down into individual drops using a suitable device. Due to the precipitation reagent into which the drops fall, they gel into gel particles. The size of the resulting particles depends on the dropletisation process used.
- the volume flow of the basic material suspension is regulated via RV.
- the precipitation reagent can get from the storage vessel FB into the reactor FR or R in different ways. Since the liquid is introduced tangentially in all cases, the gel particles are swirled, so that additional stirring is not necessary.
- the suction tube must be provided with a filter so that no capsules are sucked in.
- the solutions can be tempered by means of the heat exchanger WT1 or WT.
- the precipitation reagent is conveyed into the shaping reactor FR by opening the valve V17, V19, and V22 and by pumping via the pump P1.
- V17 and VI9 are closed and V20 is opened, whereby the solution circulates in a circle.
- the solution is pumped back to FB by closing V22 and opening V21 and V18.
- the beads are then washed with DI water by closing V18 and V21 and by opening V15, V19 and V22, which, like the precipitation reagent, is first circulated by means of an analog valve position and then by closing V22 and opening V21 and V16 Part is pumped out again.
- the gel particles formed are then conveyed as an aqueous suspension into the coating reactor BR by gravity by opening the ball valve KHL.
- this method step takes place analogously to that in FIG. 1 a, but here the 2-way valves VI9 and V20 or V21 and V22 from FIG. 1 a have been replaced by correspondingly arranged 3-way valves V15 and V12 , V17 and V18 or V15 and V16 from la correspond to valves V13 and V14 or V8 and Vll.
- this first method step proceeds according to the invention in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3a. V15 and VI6; V17 and V18; V19 and V20; V21 and V22 from the system shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 1b and 2b. represented variants can thanks to the presence of two pumps (Pl and P2) the precipitation reagent with the appropriate position of the valves V13 and V14 in Fig. lb or V10 and Vll in Fig. 2b, ⁇ during the entire first step of the process from the reservoir FB to Reactor FR can be pumped back and forth to FB. Since the precipitation bath in FR is constantly renewed in this way, the active substance concentration in the precipitation bath remains almost constant during this entire first process step. After a few minutes of curing time, the beads are also washed with di-water in the variants shown here by switching the valves V13 and V14 (Fig. Lb) or V10 and Vll (Fig. 2b). Thanks to the two pumps Pl and P2, the reaction vessel can always be supplied with new water and does not have to be circulated as in the variants shown in FIGS. 1a, 2a and 3a.
- the embodiment shown in Fig. 3b does not work with ready-to-use solutions but with concentrates that have to be diluted first.
- the filter F and the valve V10 by means of the pump P via the Mixing chamber MK and the heat exchanger WT di-water passed into the reaction vessel R.
- V8 is closed and V9 is opened so that the water circulates in a circle.
- the quantity of concentrate corresponding to the desired final concentration is then metered in from V4.
- the suspension in reaction vessel R is then dripped from GS.
- the beads remain in the reactor R after they have hardened.
- the second process step, coating takes place.
- this is done by rinsing the capsules alternately with a cationic and an anionic, dilute polymer solution. Wash steps are provided in between.
- the 'particles are each exposed to the solutions for a few minutes, which can be pumped back into the Vorratsbereheat. It is important that the capsules are kept in a kind of fluidized bed during the entire process, so that the membrane can form all around. This can be done by means of special agitators, or, as shown in the present explanations, by tangentially introducing the solutions at a relatively high speed, which should be several meters per second at the pipe outlet opening.
- the liquids can be tempered via the appropriate heat exchangers WT2 or WT.
- the finished membrane capsules are washed and rinsed out of the reaction vessel.
- a drying step can then be carried out, whereby the water is removed from the capsules.
- the selected drying process is largely determined by the material enclosed in the capsules.
- the first coating reagent, the polycation 1 is conveyed from the storage vessel PK1 into the coating reactor BR by opening the valve V3, V23, and V26 and by pumping via the pump P2. After reaching a corresponding level in BR, V3 and V23 are closed and V24 is opened, whereby the solution circulates in a circle.
- the solution is pumped back to PKI by closing V26 and opening V25 and V4.
- the beads are then washed with di-water by closing V4, V24 and V25 and by opening VI, V23 and V26, which, like the precipitation reagent, is first circulated through an analog valve position and then by closing VI, V23 and V26 and opening V2, V24 and V26 is pumped out again.
- the reactor BR is then rinsed in an analog circuit with the detergent solution from the storage tank E, and then with the first polyanion from the container PA1, which is followed by 2-3 washing steps.
- the reactor is then supplied from the PK2 vessel with the second polycationic solution, which is then pumped back there.
- this method step takes place analogously to that in FIG. 1a, but here the coating is carried out in the same vessel R as the shaping. 3a corresponds to V17 and V18, V23 and V24 from la, or V19 and V20, V25 and v26 from FIG.
- the finished capsules are rinsed out of the reactor by opening the KH ball valve.
- the coating reagents can always be pumped back and forth from the storage containers to the reactor BR during the entire process step if the valves are in the appropriate position. Since the coating baths in BR are constantly renewed in this way, the active substance concentrations in the reactor remain almost constant during this entire process step.
- the valves VI and V2 are opened and V15, 17 and V16 are switched accordingly.
- the pump P4 pushes the liquid into the reactor P3 and returns it to the storage tank.
- the liquid level in BR is set via the corresponding control of the two pumps.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b do not work with ready-to-use solutions but with concentrates which first have to be diluted.
- filter F and valve V10 FIG. 2a) or V9 (FIG. 2b) by means of pump P2 (FIG. 2a) or P3 (FIG. 2b) passed through the mixing chamber MK and the heat exchanger WT2 di-water into the reaction vessel R.
- pump P2 FIG. 2a
- P3 FIG. 2b
- V7 is closed and V9 (Fig. 2a) or V8 (Fig. 2b) opened so that the water circulates in a circle.
- the amount of polycation 1 concentrate corresponding to the desired final concentration is then metered in via VI from PKl and the solution is circulated.
- V9 (FIG. 2a) or V8 (FIG. 2b) is opened and V10 (FIG. 2a) or V9 (FIG. 2b) is changed over and the solution is discarded.
- the reactor BR is again filled with water via V7 and the detergent is removed from the vessel E and then discarded.
- the beads are washed around with the other coating solutions, the concentrates of PA1 (polyanion 1), PK2 (polycation 2) etc. being metered in.
- the capsules are rinsed out by opening KH2 after the coating has been completed.
- the coating process takes place analogously to the explanations given in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
- the difference is that coating is carried out in the same vessel R in which the dropletization (shaping) of the suspension has previously taken place.
- V4, V5, V6, V7 from Fig. 2a. correspond to the valves V5, V6, V7, V8.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10020889 | 2000-04-28 | ||
DE10020889 | 2000-04-28 | ||
PCT/EP2001/004684 WO2001083099A1 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2001-04-25 | Method and facility for producing micromembrane capsules |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1292385A1 true EP1292385A1 (en) | 2003-03-19 |
Family
ID=7640238
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01947241A Withdrawn EP1292385A1 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2001-04-25 | Method and facility for producing micromembrane capsules |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040017018A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1292385A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6898001A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2408025A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001083099A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080026068A1 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2008-01-31 | Baxter Healthcare S.A. | Pulmonary delivery of spherical insulin microparticles |
DE102004013977A1 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-10-06 | Cavis Microcaps Gmbh | Technical process and plant for the production of coacervate capsules |
US8728525B2 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2014-05-20 | Baxter International Inc. | Protein microspheres retaining pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties |
AU2006241145B2 (en) * | 2005-04-27 | 2011-04-28 | Baxter Healthcare S. A. | Surface-modified microparticles and methods of forming and using the same |
US20070281031A1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-12-06 | Guohan Yang | Microparticles and methods for production thereof |
CA2942128C (en) | 2006-08-04 | 2019-11-26 | Baxter Healthcare S.A. | Microsphere-based composition for preventing and/or reversing new-onset autoimmune diabetes |
AU2007319577A1 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-05-22 | Baxter Healthcare S.A. | Microencapsules containing surface-modified microparticles and methods of forming and using the same |
GB0707612D0 (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2007-05-30 | Stratosphere Pharma Ab | Cores and microcapsules suitable for parenteral administration as well as process for their manufacture |
US9279133B2 (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2016-03-08 | Ksep Systems, Llc | Methods and systems for manipulating particles using a fluidized bed |
US8323685B2 (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2012-12-04 | Baxter International Inc. | Methods of processing compositions containing microparticles |
US8367427B2 (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2013-02-05 | Baxter International Inc. | Methods of processing compositions containing microparticles |
US8323615B2 (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2012-12-04 | Baxter International Inc. | Methods of processing multi-phasic dispersions |
US20100047292A1 (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2010-02-25 | Baxter International Inc. | Methods of processing microparticles and compositions produced thereby |
WO2019226618A1 (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-28 | Nantkwest, Inc. | Methods and systems for cell bed formation during bioprocessing |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4743545A (en) * | 1984-08-09 | 1988-05-10 | Torobin Leonard B | Hollow porous microspheres containing biocatalyst |
JPS637784A (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1988-01-13 | Hitachi Plant Eng & Constr Co Ltd | Microorganism-enriched pellet production equipment |
DE3836894A1 (en) * | 1988-10-29 | 1990-05-03 | Krc Umwelttechnik Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING PEARLS FROM PEARL-MAKING SOLUTIONS |
DE4312970A1 (en) * | 1993-04-21 | 1994-10-27 | Juergen Dr Schrezenmeir | Microcapsule and process and apparatus for production thereof |
US5589370A (en) * | 1995-08-01 | 1996-12-31 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Process for encapsulating sensitive materials |
-
2001
- 2001-04-25 CA CA002408025A patent/CA2408025A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-25 EP EP01947241A patent/EP1292385A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-25 US US10/258,752 patent/US20040017018A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-25 AU AU68980/01A patent/AU6898001A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-25 WO PCT/EP2001/004684 patent/WO2001083099A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0183099A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2001083099A1 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
US20040017018A1 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
AU6898001A (en) | 2001-11-12 |
CA2408025A1 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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