EP1288607A1 - Antiballistische Keramikartikel - Google Patents

Antiballistische Keramikartikel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1288607A1
EP1288607A1 EP01203216A EP01203216A EP1288607A1 EP 1288607 A1 EP1288607 A1 EP 1288607A1 EP 01203216 A EP01203216 A EP 01203216A EP 01203216 A EP01203216 A EP 01203216A EP 1288607 A1 EP1288607 A1 EP 1288607A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antiballistic
backing
ceramic monolith
article according
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01203216A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Benjamin Yavin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Israel Military Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Israel Military Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Israel Military Industries Ltd filed Critical Israel Military Industries Ltd
Priority to EP01203216A priority Critical patent/EP1288607A1/de
Publication of EP1288607A1 publication Critical patent/EP1288607A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to protective materials and more particularly to anti-ballistic ceramic articles and inserts.
  • Personal ballistic body armor particularly vests, helmets, and other anti-ballistic articles, are formed generally of anti-ballistic materials which serve to prevent penetration of a bullet. These articles and vests are primarily used for the armed forces but have police and civilian applications as well. However, most are unable to protect properly against trauma, and many are unable to protect against armor piercing bullets.
  • anti-ballistic inserts are incorporated into existing personal ballistic vests. These inserts generally include a ceramic plate for insertion into a pocket in the vest.
  • these inserts must protect against bullet threats as exhibited from armed forces weaponry rifles and the bullets used in such rifles, including armor piercing (AP).
  • AP armor piercing
  • the higher bullet threats are of the armor piercing variety, which are stopped by ceramic inserts or other ceramic articles.
  • Alternative monolithic plates can be formed from fibers coated with an elastomer, such as that shown in US Patent 4,613,535.
  • a multi-hit ballistic panel i.e., one which can withstand more than one hit, it cannot be attained using monolithic inserts.
  • the insert is made of separate tiles connected together, as by gluing onto a substrate. A bullet hitting the target will destroy one or more tiles at a time, and the remaining tiles serve to prevent penetration along the remainder of the insert.
  • Such inserts are shown, for example, in Israel Patent 120854, EP 488465, and US 4,868,040. These inserts are generally expensive to manufacture, since each tile must be abraded to the correct size and fit on the insert.
  • the tile connection lines and junctions are weakened points from a ballistic point of view.
  • US Patent 4,760,611 discloses a bullet-proof waistcoat consisting of a plurality of square plates linked together by hinged joints. Each plate has a ceramic core enclosed in a resilient metal, i.e., an aluminum alloy.
  • Multi-hit articles include those capable of withstanding more than two hits at a distance between hits of between 20 and 100 mm.
  • the invention claims that, in order for a monolithic ceramic article to possess multi-hit capabilities, these ceramics must be arrested.
  • the term arrested means that the ceramic is imprisoned inside an envelope formed of composite materials which press against the ceramic uniformly all over its outer surface.
  • a suitable composition of ballistic materials is provided as a backing for the ceramic, an outer cover, including antiballistic fabric and associated resin, is placed around the backed ceramic, and the product is inserted into an autoclave, hydroclave or other isostatic press, or any similar apparatus or shrink material. Under pressure, the resin is cured, whereby the compression stresses and bonding mechanism serve to "arrest" the part after the external pressure is released.
  • an antiballistic article including a ceramic monolith, an antiballistic backing material affixed to the ceramic monolith, and an outer shell, formed of an antiballistic material including a curable resin, enclosing the backing and ceramic monolith, the curable resin being cured after and while the enclosed backing and ceramic monolith is maintained under isostatic pressure of at least about 10 atmospheres.
  • a method of forming an antiballistic article including the steps of forming a ceramic monolith, affixing an antiballistic backing material to the ceramic monolith, enclosing the backing and ceramic monolith by an outer shell formed of an antiballistic material including a curable resin, placing the enclosed backing and ceramic monolith under isostatic pressure of at least about 10 atmospheres, and curing the curable resin while the enclosed backing and ceramic monolith is maintained under isostatic pressure of at least about 10 atmospheres.
  • the present invention relates to multi-hit anti-ballistic articles, including personal armor inserts, such as against level III and IV, as detailed in NIJ standard 0101.03, and other similar standards, and other rifle cartridges, such as 7.62mm (e.g., AK-47 7.62 x 39, NATO 7.62 x 51, 30-60, Draganov 7.62 x 54), 5.56mm (e.g., M-16, ss-109) 5.45 with AP ammunition and similar, based on a monolithic ceramic plate, and a method of forming such articles. According to the invention, in order for a monolithic ceramic article to possess multi-hit capabilities, these ceramics must be arrested.
  • 7.62mm e.g., AK-47 7.62 x 39, NATO 7.62 x 51, 30-60, Draganov 7.62 x 54
  • 5.56mm e.g., M-16, ss-109
  • a suitable composition of ballistic materials is provided as a backing for the ceramic, an outer cover, including antiballistic fabric and associated resin, is placed around the backed ceramic, and the product is inserted into an autoclave, hydroclave or isostatic press, or other suitable apparatus or method. Under pressure, the resin is cured, whereby the compression stresses serve to armor the part after the external pressure is released.
  • Insert 10 includes a ceramic monolith 12, backing material 14 for the ceramic, and an outer shell 16, which undergoes a curing process to create an arresting condition in the ceramic monolith.
  • the ceramic monolith 12 is a plate made of an antiballistic ceramics material, such as alumina, silicon carbide, silicone nitride, boron carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium diborate, or other suitable antiballistic ceramics materials and hybrids.
  • the thickness of this plate is dependent on the relevant threat, and is typically 3-12 mm, for handguns up to armor piercing bullets, and from 6-20 mm for heavier threats, like 0.5 caliber.
  • the dimensions of this plate usually range from 20 x 20cm to several meters.
  • the common dimension for personal protection is approximately 25 x 30cm, but smaller or larger dimensions are also used.
  • the plate can be flat, curved or double curved, or any other selected shape or geometry applicable for body armor or protection of other materiel.
  • the ceramic plate is usually made of ballistic quality ceramics material, i.e. material adapted to resist an impact of a projectile and possibly even to shatter the projectile, which enhances the ballistic material quality of the entire insert.
  • the backing material 14, on which the ceramic monolith is glued, or affixed in any other fashion, is designed to absorb the fragments of ceramic and projectile. It is preferably made of a combination of an aramid, HMWPE (high molecular weight polyethylene), Zylon®, carbon, nylon, E glass, S glass, boron, or other material set forth in US Patent 5,677,029 to Allied Signal, or combination hybrids, with the appropriate resins for the selected antiballistic materials. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that each antiballistic material has its own, associated resin, in which it is cured in order to improve its antiballistic properties.
  • the ballistic layers can be of any commercial variety, and can be plain weave or unidirectional tape.
  • a combination of aramid with carbon, fiberglass, or any of these materials by themselves, can alternatively be utilized.
  • the combining resin is preferably thermoplastic, but thermosetting can also be utilized.
  • the number of ballistic layers in the backing material is dependent on the thickness of the ceramic monolith, and the relevant threat. Preferably, the thickness of the backing material layer is in the range of about 1 mm to 10 mm.
  • the composite backing 14 includes HMWPE, or an aramid or both, thereby imparting high energy absorption to the finished article.
  • the ceramic plate 12 is backed by aramid 13 with an appropriate thermoplastic resin.
  • Behind the aramid 13 are additional layers of HMWPE 15 with a compatible resin.
  • the additional layers of HMWPE improve performance and are also an option for saving weight.
  • the outer shell 16 is the core idea of the invention. It wraps the ceramic and backing structure completely and arrests the ceramic compressed inside. This arrested state gives the composite its multi-hit capabilities.
  • the outer shell is also made of antiballistic material: aramid of various types, Zylon®, or fiberglass S or E fibers, or other antiballistic materials. These fibers can be used in the form of woven cloth, such as plain weave, or unidirectional tape (non-woven), the fabric being used to wrap the ceramic article. Alternatively, the ceramic can be enveloped by the antiballistic fibers by means of filament winding, or braiding, for example. Preferably, the selected materials include fibers of ballistic quality, i.e., high strain, relatively high modulus, high elongation. The fibers are then immersed in a suitable amount of epoxy, polyester, phenolic, polyurethanic resin, or other resin known for structural use.
  • the outer shell thickness can be, for example, 0.2 - 5 mm, or more.
  • the backing material is formed of antiballistic material with a compatible resin for improving antiballistic properties, such as described in detail in US Patent 5,677,029 to Allied Signal, while the outer shell can be formed of similar antiballistic material, but with a compatible structural resin, as known and used, for example, in airplane construction.
  • the outer shell layers and resin content are selected according to the level of multi-hit required and weight limitations.
  • inserts having substantially improved antiballistic capabilities can be formed by the present method from standard ceramics and standard antiballistic materials.
  • the method of forming the anti-ballistic article of the present invention is as follows.
  • a ceramic monolith of the desired dimensions is prepared and coupled to a selected backing material.
  • This structure is completely enclosed in a selected outer shell material and immersed in the appropriate resin.
  • the wrapped structure which includes uncured resin in the outer shell, is put in a vacuum sealed bag for compaction (so as to provide uniform pressure all around the surface of the article), as known.
  • the plate is then inserted into an autoclave, hydroclave or isostatic press, and the pressure is raised to the desired level, before the resin in the outer shell cures.
  • the pressure should be as high as possible, since the antiballistic characteristics of the finished insert improve in relation to the amount of pressure applied during curing.
  • the pressure applied is at least about 10 atm, preferably 15 atm, and most preferably 30 atm and higher.
  • the pressure applied is 80 atm, preferably 220 atm, and most preferably 440 atm and higher.
  • the temperature is raised to the curing temperature of the resin and a curing cycle is applied.
  • the curing process can take place in an autoclave, hydroclave, an isostatic press, or any other means for applying homogeneous pressure over the entire surface area of the wrapped article.
  • the curing temperature depends on the particular resin and composite antiballistic fabrics, typically between room temperature (about 70°), about 125° for HMWPE and approximately 180° for Kevlar. It is important that the resin in the outer shell be properly and completely cured according to the manufacturer's specifications, including post curing, if necessary, in order to impart the optimum structural properties to the finished article.
  • the sample After curing, the sample is cooled to room temperature and then the pressure is released, causing an arresting condition in the plate. This arresting condition stops the crack propagation in the ceramic and enhances the multi-hit capabilities.
  • the outer shell does not break when hit by bullets or other materials up to the selected threat level. Rather, the impact pressure which is not absorbed by the outer shell is transferred to the ceramic core, which may crack, but does not break due to the arresting condition induced and restrained therein during the curing process and by the outer shell.
  • additional hits at small distances from each other can be withstood by the article.
  • the pressure before and during the curing process can be raised, and/or different combinations of ceramic plate thicknesses and number of composite backing layers can be utilized.
  • the article according to the present invention can be formed to any configuration.
  • the basic ceramic can be formed to various dimensions of ballistic inserts for anti-ballistic vests of any level.
  • the insert may be small or completely cover large sections of the body in front and back. Helmets and other protective accessories can further be protected by using this procedure.
  • armor formed according to the present invention can be utilized to protect materiel, such as vehicles, helicopters, aircraft, and so on, against projectiles (particularly perforating bullets), shrapnel, and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
EP01203216A 2001-08-24 2001-08-24 Antiballistische Keramikartikel Withdrawn EP1288607A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01203216A EP1288607A1 (de) 2001-08-24 2001-08-24 Antiballistische Keramikartikel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01203216A EP1288607A1 (de) 2001-08-24 2001-08-24 Antiballistische Keramikartikel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1288607A1 true EP1288607A1 (de) 2003-03-05

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1538417A1 (de) * 2003-12-05 2005-06-08 Sgl Carbon Ag Mehrschichtiges Panzerschutzmaterial und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US7562612B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2009-07-21 Aceram Materials & Technologies, Inc. Ceramic components, ceramic component systems, and ceramic armour systems
WO2011049819A3 (en) * 2009-10-22 2011-09-29 Honeywell International Inc. Helmets comprising ceramic for protection against high energy fragments and rifle bullets
US8113104B2 (en) 2004-09-30 2012-02-14 Aceram Materials and Technologies, Inc. Ceramic components with diamond coating for armor applications
US20120055327A1 (en) * 2006-04-20 2012-03-08 Holowczak John E Armor system having ceramic matrix composite layers
CN102514283A (zh) * 2011-12-16 2012-06-27 宁波荣溢化纤科技有限公司 一种超高分子量聚乙烯/碳化硅复合防弹板的制备方法
US9046324B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2015-06-02 Israel Military Industries Ltd. Antiballistic article and method of producing same
US9696122B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2017-07-04 Imi Systems Ltd. Antiballistic article and method of producing same
US10139201B2 (en) 2014-02-02 2018-11-27 Imi Systems Ltd. Pre-stressed curved ceramic plates/tiles and method of producing same
CN114621012A (zh) * 2022-03-17 2022-06-14 景德镇华迅特种陶瓷有限公司 一种防弹碳化硼复合陶瓷制备方法

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4613535A (en) 1985-02-28 1986-09-23 Allied Corporation Complex composite article having improved impact resistance
US4760611A (en) 1984-01-12 1988-08-02 Aluminum Company Of America Armor elements and method
US4868040A (en) 1988-10-20 1989-09-19 Canadian Patents & Development Limited Antiballistic composite armor
FR2635177A1 (fr) * 1978-05-19 1990-02-09 France Etat Armement Blindage notamment pour la protection contre les projectiles a charges creuses
US5045371A (en) * 1990-01-05 1991-09-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Glass matrix armor
EP0488465A1 (de) 1990-11-28 1992-06-03 Dsm N.V. Mehrschichtige schusssichere Struktur
US5395686A (en) * 1993-08-19 1995-03-07 Martial Armour Pty Limited Bullet resistant material
WO1995010751A1 (fr) * 1993-10-13 1995-04-20 Rossiisky Federalny Yaderny Tsentr - Vserossiisky Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Experimentalnoi Fiziki Elememt blinde et procede de fabrication
US5677029A (en) 1990-11-19 1997-10-14 Alliedsignal Inc. Ballistic resistant fabric articles

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2635177A1 (fr) * 1978-05-19 1990-02-09 France Etat Armement Blindage notamment pour la protection contre les projectiles a charges creuses
US4760611A (en) 1984-01-12 1988-08-02 Aluminum Company Of America Armor elements and method
US4613535A (en) 1985-02-28 1986-09-23 Allied Corporation Complex composite article having improved impact resistance
US4868040A (en) 1988-10-20 1989-09-19 Canadian Patents & Development Limited Antiballistic composite armor
US5045371A (en) * 1990-01-05 1991-09-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Glass matrix armor
US5677029A (en) 1990-11-19 1997-10-14 Alliedsignal Inc. Ballistic resistant fabric articles
EP0488465A1 (de) 1990-11-28 1992-06-03 Dsm N.V. Mehrschichtige schusssichere Struktur
US5395686A (en) * 1993-08-19 1995-03-07 Martial Armour Pty Limited Bullet resistant material
WO1995010751A1 (fr) * 1993-10-13 1995-04-20 Rossiisky Federalny Yaderny Tsentr - Vserossiisky Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Experimentalnoi Fiziki Elememt blinde et procede de fabrication

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7562612B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2009-07-21 Aceram Materials & Technologies, Inc. Ceramic components, ceramic component systems, and ceramic armour systems
US8215223B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2012-07-10 Aceram Materials And Technologies Inc. Ceramic components, ceramic component systems, and ceramic armour systems
EP1538417A1 (de) * 2003-12-05 2005-06-08 Sgl Carbon Ag Mehrschichtiges Panzerschutzmaterial und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US8113104B2 (en) 2004-09-30 2012-02-14 Aceram Materials and Technologies, Inc. Ceramic components with diamond coating for armor applications
US20120055327A1 (en) * 2006-04-20 2012-03-08 Holowczak John E Armor system having ceramic matrix composite layers
CN102656418B (zh) * 2009-10-22 2016-03-09 霍尼韦尔国际公司 防高能碎片和步枪子弹的包含陶瓷的头盔
WO2011049819A3 (en) * 2009-10-22 2011-09-29 Honeywell International Inc. Helmets comprising ceramic for protection against high energy fragments and rifle bullets
JP2018025388A (ja) * 2009-10-22 2018-02-15 ハネウェル・インターナショナル・インコーポレーテッドＨｏｎｅｙｗｅｌｌ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｉｎｃ． 高エネルギー破片およびライフル弾丸に対する保護のためのセラミックを備えるヘルメット
CN102656418A (zh) * 2009-10-22 2012-09-05 霍尼韦尔国际公司 防高能碎片和步枪子弹的包含陶瓷的头盔
US8887312B2 (en) 2009-10-22 2014-11-18 Honeywell International, Inc. Helmets comprising ceramic for protection against high energy fragments and rifle bullets
EP2491333A4 (de) * 2009-10-22 2017-05-31 Honeywell International Inc. Helme mit keramikelement zum schutz gegen fragmente mit hoher einschlagsenergie und kugeln aus waffen
KR101538318B1 (ko) * 2009-10-22 2015-07-22 허니웰 인터내셔널 인코포레이티드 헬멧 및 그 제조 방법
US9046324B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2015-06-02 Israel Military Industries Ltd. Antiballistic article and method of producing same
US9696122B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2017-07-04 Imi Systems Ltd. Antiballistic article and method of producing same
CN102514283B (zh) * 2011-12-16 2015-03-25 杨珍芬 一种超高分子量聚乙烯/碳化硅复合防弹板的制备方法
CN102514283A (zh) * 2011-12-16 2012-06-27 宁波荣溢化纤科技有限公司 一种超高分子量聚乙烯/碳化硅复合防弹板的制备方法
US10139201B2 (en) 2014-02-02 2018-11-27 Imi Systems Ltd. Pre-stressed curved ceramic plates/tiles and method of producing same
US10563961B2 (en) 2014-02-02 2020-02-18 Imi Systems Ltd. Pre-stressed curved ceramic plates/tiles and method of producing same
CN114621012A (zh) * 2022-03-17 2022-06-14 景德镇华迅特种陶瓷有限公司 一种防弹碳化硼复合陶瓷制备方法
CN114621012B (zh) * 2022-03-17 2022-11-25 景德镇华迅特种陶瓷有限公司 一种防弹碳化硼复合陶瓷制备方法

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