EP1285284A1 - Method and device for radio determining at least one object position and/or orientation - Google Patents

Method and device for radio determining at least one object position and/or orientation

Info

Publication number
EP1285284A1
EP1285284A1 EP01936009A EP01936009A EP1285284A1 EP 1285284 A1 EP1285284 A1 EP 1285284A1 EP 01936009 A EP01936009 A EP 01936009A EP 01936009 A EP01936009 A EP 01936009A EP 1285284 A1 EP1285284 A1 EP 1285284A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
interrogation
sensor elements
sensor
modulation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01936009A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Franz Dollinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1285284A1 publication Critical patent/EP1285284A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/46—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0247—Determining attitude
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/75—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors
    • G01S13/751—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal
    • G01S13/755—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal using delay lines, e.g. acoustic delay lines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/46—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
    • G01S3/48—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems the waves arriving at the antennas being continuous or intermittent and the phase difference of signals derived therefrom being measured

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of patent claim 5.
  • SAW surface waves
  • the OF component works passively, i.e. it does not require its own energy source or power supply. The energy requirement is covered by the electromagnetic interrogation signal stored by reception.
  • Such OF components which operate as passive transponders, can be used for various measurement purposes in temperature, pressure or acceleration measurement. They can also be used in identification systems for
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for wirelessly determining the position and / or position of one or more objects of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the positioning and / or the position of objects which are also difficult to see and difficult to observe can be determined.
  • This task is performed in the process by the identifying
  • the radio-stored query signal is individually modulated and as a coded response signal, the time and / or phase position of which is evaluated when determining the position and / or position , sent back to the sending location of the query signal.
  • the time and / or phase position of the coded response signal is evaluated with respect to the time and / or phase position of the interrogation signal.
  • a determination is made of the distance between the object and the interrogation station from which the interrogation signal was sent.
  • several sensor elements in particular three sensor elements, can be provided on the object. Due to their different positioning on the object, the sensor elements have an interrogation station different distances. In the case of the coded response signals, this results in time or phase differences between the signals and different transit times between the interrogation station and the respective sensor elements.
  • the modulation in the respective sensor element can be based on different delays and / or frequency influences.
  • the sensor elements are preferably designed as SAW components with an ID tag function.
  • An evaluation device provided in the interrogation station recognizes, on account of the different modulation or coding of the response signals received, the respective sensor from which the response signal comes. As a result, the respectively measured value for the transit time or phase position can be assigned to the corresponding sensor element.
  • SAW resonators electrical and mechanical resonant circuits, such as, for example, quartz volume oscillators and LC resonant circuits.
  • An advantageous feature of the energy-storing sensor elements used is that the energy is stored in the element until environmental echoes of the interrogation signal (interrogation pulse) have decayed to such an extent that the response signals emitted by the sensor element can be relatively weak and yet be detected can.
  • the position and / or position of the object in space with respect to a reference location, in particular with respect to the interrogation station by means of the running time differences of the response signals which come from the sensor elements placed at different locations on the object.
  • the sensor elements have a fixed spatial relationship to the object, which is stored in the evaluation device.
  • the number of sensor elements used determines the free degrees in which the measurement can be carried out, as well as the measurement accuracy. If three sensor elements are arranged at different locations on the object, both the distance of the object from the interrogation station or from the reference location and the position of the object relative to this can be determined.
  • the invention achieves non-contact position and / or position determination of one or more objects with a passive sensor device.
  • the measuring arrangement has a simple structure, whereby no direct line of sight is required between the interrogation station and the object.
  • the invention can preferably be used in guideless transport systems, in the automatic positioning of objects, in the positioning of obscure or poorly observable objects and in the monitoring of plants and plant parts. It is also suitable for use in alarm systems, in systems to support the disabled and in safety and comfort systems for people.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the basic structure of an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment for a sensor element and an interrogation station, which can be used in the invention.
  • three sensor elements 1, 2 and 3 are arranged on an object 7 at different locations on the object.
  • an interrogation station 14 with a transmission / reception antenna 15 belongs to the position and position determination system shown.
  • the interrogation station 14 also has a transmitter 12 and a receiver 13, which can be connected or connected to the transmission / reception antenna 15 (FIG. 3).
  • the interrogation station 14 can have an evaluation device 5, in which the transmitted and received signals are evaluated. Such an interrogation station is known.
  • the respective sensor elements 1 to 3 preferably consist of SAW components of a known embodiment.
  • each sensor element has an assigned receiving / transmitting antenna.
  • the sensor element 1 has the assigned antenna 9, the sensor element 2 the assigned antenna 10 and the sensor element 3 the assigned antenna 11.
  • Each of these receive / transmit antennas is connected to an interdigital transducer 8 on the respective sensor element ,
  • the interdigital transducer 8 generates an acoustic surface wave (SAW) in a piezoelectric substrate 16 of the SAW component, which is modulated in a modulation device 6.
  • the modulation device 6 can consist of different reflector structures or resonator structures formed by folding.
  • a modulation with regard to the delay and / or frequency of the surface acoustic wave signal is obtained in this way.
  • This modulated signal is converted back by the converter 8 into an electromagnetic HF response signal and sent back to the interrogation station 14 via the receive / transmit antenna of the respective sensor element.
  • the respective sensor elements 1 to 3 are thus from the interrogation station 14 with an interrogation signal, in particular with a pulsed RF interrogation signal, e.g. B. excited with 2.45 GHz.
  • the response signal coded by the modulation is with the respective from Sensor element caused time delay emitted by the respective assigned receive / transmit antennas 9, 10, 11 of the sensor elements and received via the receiving part 13 of the interrogation station 14.
  • the spatial arrangement of the receive / transmit antennas 9 to 11 assigned to the respective sensor elements 1 to 3 is permanently provided on the object 7 and stored in the evaluation device 5.
  • the different distances that these antennas 9 to 11 have as a function of the position and location of the object from the transmitting / receiving antenna 15 of the interrogation station 14 can be determined from the respective transit times and / or phase positions of the response signals. From the different transit times and phase positions as well as transit time differences between the individual response signals, the path differences between the individual antennas 9 to 11 to the antenna 15 of the interrogation station 14 and the distance and / or position of the object 7 with respect to the interrogation station or another can be determined via the speed of light Determine the reference location according to known trigonometric relationships. This is clear from Fig. 2. Since the system is invariant against rotation around the interrogation station, an additional direction finder or an additional antenna can be provided on the interrogation station 14, so that the direction in which the object 7 lies can also be determined.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for radio determining at least one object (7) position and/or orientation. According to the invention, an electromagnetic interrogation signal is emitted from an interrogating station (14) and detecting elements (1 to 3), located on the object (7) and storing power, modulate individually the interrogation signal recorded by radio and forward it, as coded response signals, to the interrogating station (14), where the position and/or orientation is/are determined from time intervals and/or phases of each response signal.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur drahtlosen Positions- und/oder Lagebestimmung wenigstens eines ObjektesMethod and device for wireless position and / or position determination of at least one object
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 und eine Vorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 5.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of patent claim 5.
Es ist bekannt, für ein Objekt oder für mehrere Objekte unter Zuhilfenahme von Reflexion elektromagnetischer Strahlung, beispielsweise durch Bilderkennung, Radar und dergleichen, die Position bzw. Positionen zu bestimmen. Auch ist es be-. kannt, mit Hilfe von Neigungssensoren eine Lageerkennung durchzuführen. Hierzu ist jedoch eine bei Radar oder Bilderkennung direkte Sichtverbindung und bei Neigungssensoren eine Verkabelung des Objektes in aller Regel erforderlich.It is known to determine the position or positions for one object or for several objects with the aid of reflection of electromagnetic radiation, for example by means of image recognition, radar and the like. It is also. knows to carry out a position detection with the help of inclination sensors. However, this requires a direct line of sight in the case of radar or image recognition and, as a rule, wiring of the object in the case of inclination sensors.
Ferner sind z. B. aus der EP 0 619 906 Bl Sensorelemente in Form von Oberflächenwellen . (OFW) -Bauelementen bekannt, welche ein Abfragesignal Zwischenspeichern können, wobei das elektromagnetische Abfragesignal bei der Zwischenspeicherung in ein akustisches Signal gewandelt und mit einer vorgegebenen Grundverzögerung und/oder Frequenz modifiziert werden kann. Das modifizierte akustische Signal wird in ein codiertes elektromagnetisches Antwortsignal umgewandelt und zu einer Abfragestation, welche das Abfragesignal ausgesendet hat, zur Gewinnung bestimmter Maßdaten zurückgesendet. Das OF -Bauele- ment arbeitet passiv, d.h. es benötigt keine eigene Energie- quelle bzw. Stromversorgung. Der Energiebedarf wird über das durch Empfang eingespeicherte elektromagnetische Abfragesignal gedeckt. Derartige als passive Transponder arbeitende OF -Bauelemente können zu verschiedenen Meßzwecken bei der Temperatur-, Druck- oder Beschleunigungsmessung zum Einsatz kommen. Ferner können sie in Identifizierungssystemen zumFurthermore, for. B. from EP 0 619 906 B1 sensor elements in the form of surface waves. (SAW) components are known which can temporarily store an interrogation signal, wherein the electromagnetic interrogation signal can be converted into an acoustic signal during the intermediate storage and can be modified with a predetermined basic delay and / or frequency. The modified acoustic signal is converted into a coded electromagnetic response signal and sent back to an interrogation station, which has emitted the interrogation signal, in order to obtain certain measurement data. The OF component works passively, i.e. it does not require its own energy source or power supply. The energy requirement is covered by the electromagnetic interrogation signal stored by reception. Such OF components, which operate as passive transponders, can be used for various measurement purposes in temperature, pressure or acceleration measurement. They can also be used in identification systems for
Einsatz kommen, wobei zur Modulation des akustischen OFW-Sig- nals unterschiedliche Reflektorstrukturen auf dem piezoelekt- rischen Substrat des OFW-Bauelements zum Einsatz kommen. Aus der EP 0 651 344 ist es beispielsweise bekannt, einen Spread- Spektrum-Reflektor auf dem Substrat des OF -Bauelementes vorzusehen. Das OF -Bauele ent repräsentiert dann einen soge- nannten ID-Tag, der als Identifizierungsmarke zum Einsatz kommen kann.Are used, with different reflector structures on the piezoelectric for modulating the acoustic SAW signal. rical substrate of the SAW device are used. From EP 0 651 344 it is known, for example, to provide a spread spectrum reflector on the substrate of the OF component. The OF component then represents a so-called ID tag, which can be used as an identification mark.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur drahtlosen Positions- und/oder Lagebestimmung eines oder mehrerer Objekte der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei denen die Positionierung und/oder die Lage auch unübersichtlicher und schwer beobachtbarer Objekte bestimmt werden kann.The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for wirelessly determining the position and / or position of one or more objects of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the positioning and / or the position of objects which are also difficult to see and difficult to observe can be determined.
Diese Aufgabe wird beim Verfahren durch die kennzeichnendenThis task is performed in the process by the identifying
Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 und bei der Vorrichtung durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 5 gelöst.Features of claim 1 and solved in the device by the characterizing features of claim 5.
Die Unteransprüche beinhalten vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The subclaims contain advantageous developments of the invention.
Bei der Erfindung wird mit Hilfe wenigstens eines am Objekt vorgesehenen energiespeichernden Sensorelementes, welches passiv ohne eigene Energieversorgung arbeitet, das über Funk eingespeicherte Abfragesignal individuell moduliert und als codiertes Antwortsignal, dessen Zeit- und/oder Phasenlage bei der Positions- und/oder Lagebestimmung ausgewertet wird, zum Sendeort des Abfragesignals zurückgesendet. Die Zeit- und/oder Phasenlage des codierten Antwortsignals wird bezüg- lieh der Zeit- und/oder Phasenlage des Abfragesignals ausgewertet. Auf diese Weise gewinnt man zumindest bei Verwendung eines Sensorelements eine Bestimmung des Abstandes zwischen Objekt und Abfragestation, von welcher das Abfragesignal ausgesendet wurde. Zur Lagebestimmung des Objektes können am Ob- jekt mehrere Sensorelemente insbesondere drei Sensorelemente vorgesehen sein. Aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen Positionierung am Objekt besitzen die Sensorelemente zur Abfragestation unterschiedliche Entfernungen. Hieraus resultieren bei den codierten Antwortsignalen Zeit- bzw. Phasendifferenzen der Signale untereinander und unterschiedliche Laufzeiten zwischen der Abfragestation und den jeweiligen Sensorelementen.In the invention, with the help of at least one energy-storing sensor element provided on the object, which works passively without its own energy supply, the radio-stored query signal is individually modulated and as a coded response signal, the time and / or phase position of which is evaluated when determining the position and / or position , sent back to the sending location of the query signal. The time and / or phase position of the coded response signal is evaluated with respect to the time and / or phase position of the interrogation signal. In this way, at least when using a sensor element, a determination is made of the distance between the object and the interrogation station from which the interrogation signal was sent. To determine the position of the object, several sensor elements, in particular three sensor elements, can be provided on the object. Due to their different positioning on the object, the sensor elements have an interrogation station different distances. In the case of the coded response signals, this results in time or phase differences between the signals and different transit times between the interrogation station and the respective sensor elements.
Die Modulation im jeweiligen Sensorelement kann auf unterschiedlicher Verzögerung und/oder Frequenzbeeinflussung beruhen. In bevorzugter Weise sind die Sensorelemente als OFW- Bauele ente mit ID-Tag-Funktion ausgebildet. Eine in der Ab- fragestation vorgesehene Auswerteeinrichtung erkennt aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Modulation bzw. Codierung der empfangenen AntwortSignale den jeweiligen Sensor, von welchem das Antwortsignal kommt. Hierdurch läßt sich der jeweils gemessene Wert für die Laufzeit oder Phasenlage dem entsprechenden Sensorelement zuordnen.The modulation in the respective sensor element can be based on different delays and / or frequency influences. The sensor elements are preferably designed as SAW components with an ID tag function. An evaluation device provided in the interrogation station recognizes, on account of the different modulation or coding of the response signals received, the respective sensor from which the response signal comes. As a result, the respectively measured value for the transit time or phase position can be assigned to the corresponding sensor element.
Weitere Ausführungsbeispiele für das jeweilige Sensorelement sind OFW-Resonatoren, elektrische und mechanische Schwingkreise, wie beispielsweise Quarz-Volumenschwinger und LC- Schwingkreise.Further exemplary embodiments for the respective sensor element are SAW resonators, electrical and mechanical resonant circuits, such as, for example, quartz volume oscillators and LC resonant circuits.
Bei den zum Einsatz kommenden Energiespeichernden Sensorelementen besteht ein vorteilhaftes Merkmale darin, dass die Energie im Element so lange gespeichert wird, bis Umgebungs- echos des Abfragesignals (Abfrageimpulses) soweit abgeklungen sind, dass die vom Sensorelement abgegebenen AntwortSignale relativ schwach sein können und dennoch detektiert werden können.An advantageous feature of the energy-storing sensor elements used is that the energy is stored in the element until environmental echoes of the interrogation signal (interrogation pulse) have decayed to such an extent that the response signals emitted by the sensor element can be relatively weak and yet be detected can.
Über die LaufZeitdifferenzen der Antwortsignale, welche von den an verschiedenen Stellen des Objektes plazierten Sensorelementen kommen, ist es möglich, die Position und/oder Lage des Objektes im Raum bezüglich eines Referenzortes, insbesondere bezüglich der Abfragestation zu bestimmen. Die Sensor- elemente besitzen zum Objekt eine feste räumliche Beziehung, die in der Auswerteeinrichtung gespeichert ist. Die Anzahl der zum Einsatz kommenden Sensorelemente bestimmt die Frei- heitsgrade, in denen die Messung durchgeführt werden kann, sowie die Meßgenauigkeit. Bei Anordnung von drei Sensorelementen an verschiedenen Orten des Objektes kann sowohl der Abstand des Objektes von der Abfragestation bzw. vom Refe- renzort und die Lage des Objektes relativ hierzu bestimmt werden.It is possible to determine the position and / or position of the object in space with respect to a reference location, in particular with respect to the interrogation station, by means of the running time differences of the response signals which come from the sensor elements placed at different locations on the object. The sensor elements have a fixed spatial relationship to the object, which is stored in the evaluation device. The number of sensor elements used determines the free degrees in which the measurement can be carried out, as well as the measurement accuracy. If three sensor elements are arranged at different locations on the object, both the distance of the object from the interrogation station or from the reference location and the position of the object relative to this can be determined.
Durch die Erfindung wird mit einer passiven Sensoreinrichtung eine berührungslose Positions- und/oder Lagebestimmung eines oder mehrere Objekte erreicht. Die Messanordnung besitzt einen einfachen Aufbau, wobei zwischen der Abfragestation und dem Objekt keine direkte Sicht erbindung erforderlich ist. Vorzugsweise kann die Erfindung bei führungslosen Transportsystemen, bei automatischer Positionierung von Objekten, bei der Positionierung unübersichtlicher oder schlecht beobachtbarer Objekte und bei der Überwachung von Anlagen und Anlagenteilen zum Einsatz kommen. Ferner eignet sie sich zur Anwendung in Alarmanlagen, in Systemen zur Unterstützung Behinderter und in Sicherheits- und Komfortsystemen für Personen.The invention achieves non-contact position and / or position determination of one or more objects with a passive sensor device. The measuring arrangement has a simple structure, whereby no direct line of sight is required between the interrogation station and the object. The invention can preferably be used in guideless transport systems, in the automatic positioning of objects, in the positioning of obscure or poorly observable objects and in the monitoring of plants and plant parts. It is also suitable for use in alarm systems, in systems to support the disabled and in safety and comfort systems for people.
Anhand der Figuren wird an einem Ausführungsbeispiel die Erfindung noch näher erläutert.Based on the figures, the invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment.
Es zeigtIt shows
Fig. 1 schematisch den grundsätzlichen Aufbau eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung;Fig. 1 shows schematically the basic structure of an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 eine Erläuterung zur Auswertung der von den Sensor- elementen abgegebenen elektromagnetischen Antwortsignalen und2 an explanation of the evaluation of the electromagnetic response signals emitted by the sensor elements and
Fig. 3 eine Ausführungsform für ein Sensorelement und eine Abfragestation, welche bei der Erfindung zum Ein- satz kommen können. In der Fig. 1 sind an einem Objekt 7 drei Sensorelemente 1, 2 und 3 an verschiedenen Orten des Objektes angeordnet. Ferner gehört zum dargestellten Positions- und Lagebestimmungssystem eine Abfragestation 14 mit einer Sende-/Empfangsantenne 15. Die Abfragestation 14 besitzt ferner einen Sender 12 und einen Empfänger 13, welche an die Sende-/Empfangsantenne 15 anschließbar bzw. angeschlossen sind (Fig. 3) . Ferner kann die Abfragestation 14 eine Auswerteeinrichtung 5 aufweisen, in welcher die Auswertung der gesendeten und empfangenen Sig- nale erfolgt. Eine derartige Abfragestation ist bekannt.3 shows an embodiment for a sensor element and an interrogation station, which can be used in the invention. In FIG. 1, three sensor elements 1, 2 and 3 are arranged on an object 7 at different locations on the object. Furthermore, an interrogation station 14 with a transmission / reception antenna 15 belongs to the position and position determination system shown. The interrogation station 14 also has a transmitter 12 and a receiver 13, which can be connected or connected to the transmission / reception antenna 15 (FIG. 3). , In addition, the interrogation station 14 can have an evaluation device 5, in which the transmitted and received signals are evaluated. Such an interrogation station is known.
Die jeweiligen Sensorelemente 1 bis 3 bestehen bevorzugt aus OFW-Bauelementen bekannter Ausführungsform. Im wesentlichen besitzt jedes Sensorelement eine zugeordnete Empfangs-/Sen- deantenne. Wie aus der Fig. 1 hervorgeht, besitzt das Sensorelement 1 die zugeordnete Antenne 9, das Sensorelement 2 die zugeordnete Antenne 10 und das Sensorelement 3 die zugeordnete Antenne 11. Jede dieser Empfangs-/Sendeantennen ist am jeweiligen Sensorelement mit einem Interdigitalwandler 8 ver- bunden. Durch den Interdigitalwandler 8 wird in einem piezoelektrischen Substrat 16 des OFW-Bauelements eine akustische Oberflächenwelle (OFW) erzeugt, die in einer Modulationseinrichtung 6 moduliert wird. Die Modulationseinrichtung 6 kann aus unterschiedlichen Reflektor- oder durch Faltung gebilde- ten ResonatorStrukturen bestehen. Man gewinnt hierdurch eine Modulation hinsichtlich Verzögerung und/oder Frequenz des akustischen Oberflächenwellensignals. Dieses modulierte Signal wird vom Wandler 8 in ein elektromagnetisches HF-Antwortsignal zurückgewandelt und über die Empfangs-/Sendeantenne des jeweiligen Sensorelementes zur Abfragestation 14 zurückgesendet.The respective sensor elements 1 to 3 preferably consist of SAW components of a known embodiment. Essentially, each sensor element has an assigned receiving / transmitting antenna. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the sensor element 1 has the assigned antenna 9, the sensor element 2 the assigned antenna 10 and the sensor element 3 the assigned antenna 11. Each of these receive / transmit antennas is connected to an interdigital transducer 8 on the respective sensor element , The interdigital transducer 8 generates an acoustic surface wave (SAW) in a piezoelectric substrate 16 of the SAW component, which is modulated in a modulation device 6. The modulation device 6 can consist of different reflector structures or resonator structures formed by folding. A modulation with regard to the delay and / or frequency of the surface acoustic wave signal is obtained in this way. This modulated signal is converted back by the converter 8 into an electromagnetic HF response signal and sent back to the interrogation station 14 via the receive / transmit antenna of the respective sensor element.
Beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel werden somit die jeweiligen Sensorelemente 1 bis 3 von der Abfragestation 14 mit einem Abfragesignal insbesondere mit einem gepulsten HF-Abfragesignal, z. B. mit 2,45 GHz angeregt. Das durch die Modulation codierte Antwortsignal wird mit der jeweiligen vom Sensorelement bewirkten zeitlichen Verzögerung von den jeweiligen zugeordneten Empfangs-/Sendeantennen 9, 10, 11 der Sensorelemente abgestrahlt und über den Empfangsteil 13 der Abfragestation 14 empfangen. Insbesondere die räumliche Anord- nung der den jeweiligen Sensorelementen 1 bis 3 zugeordneten Empfangs-/Sendeantennen 9 bis 11 ist am Objekt 7 fest vorgesehen und in der Auswerteeinrichtung 5 gespeichert. Es ist beispielsweise möglich, die Sensorelemente 1 bis 3 in einer gemeinsamen Baueinheit bzw. einem gemeinsamen Baustein unter- zubringen und sie mit den zugeordneten Antennen 9 bis 11 jeweils zu verbinden. Die unterschiedlichen Entfernungen, welche diese Antennen 9 bis 11 in Abhängigkeit von der Position und Lage des Objektes von der Sende-/Empfangsantenne 15 der Abfragestation 14 aufweisen, können aus den jeweiligen Lauf- zeiten und/oder Phasenlagen der AntwortSignale bestimmt werden. Aus den unterschiedlichen Laufzeiten und Phasenlagen sowie Laufzeitdifferenzen zwischen den einzelnen Antwortsignalen lassen sich über die Lichtgeschwindigkeit die Wegdifferenzen zwischen den einzelnen Antennen 9 bis 11 zur Antenne 15 der Abfragestation 14 ermitteln und daraus die Entfernung und/oder Lage des Objektes 7 bezüglich der Abfragestation oder einem anderen Referenzort nach bekannten trigonometrischen Beziehungen bestimmen. Dies wird aus der Fig. 2 deutlich. Da das System invariant gegen Drehung um die Abfrage- Station ist, kann eine zusätzliche Peileinrichtung oder eine zusätzliche Antenne an der Abfragestation 14 vorgesehen sein, so daß auch die Richtung, in welcher das Objekt 7 liegt, bestimmt werden kann. In the illustrated embodiment, the respective sensor elements 1 to 3 are thus from the interrogation station 14 with an interrogation signal, in particular with a pulsed RF interrogation signal, e.g. B. excited with 2.45 GHz. The response signal coded by the modulation is with the respective from Sensor element caused time delay emitted by the respective assigned receive / transmit antennas 9, 10, 11 of the sensor elements and received via the receiving part 13 of the interrogation station 14. In particular, the spatial arrangement of the receive / transmit antennas 9 to 11 assigned to the respective sensor elements 1 to 3 is permanently provided on the object 7 and stored in the evaluation device 5. For example, it is possible to accommodate the sensor elements 1 to 3 in a common structural unit or a common module and to connect them to the associated antennas 9 to 11, respectively. The different distances that these antennas 9 to 11 have as a function of the position and location of the object from the transmitting / receiving antenna 15 of the interrogation station 14 can be determined from the respective transit times and / or phase positions of the response signals. From the different transit times and phase positions as well as transit time differences between the individual response signals, the path differences between the individual antennas 9 to 11 to the antenna 15 of the interrogation station 14 and the distance and / or position of the object 7 with respect to the interrogation station or another can be determined via the speed of light Determine the reference location according to known trigonometric relationships. This is clear from Fig. 2. Since the system is invariant against rotation around the interrogation station, an additional direction finder or an additional antenna can be provided on the interrogation station 14, so that the direction in which the object 7 lies can also be determined.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur drahtlosen Positions- und Lagebestimmung wenigstens eines Objektes, bei dem ein elektromagnetisches Ab- fragesignal von einem bestimmten Sendeort zum Objekt ausgesendet wird und vom Objekt ein Antwortsignal zum Sendeort für die Positions- oder Lagebestimmung aus Zeit- oder Phasenparametern der Signale zurückgewonnen wird, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass in wenigs- tens einem am Objekt vorgesehenen energiespeichernden Sensorelement das über Funk eingespeiste Signal individuell moduliert wird und als codiertes Ausgangssignal, dessen Zeitoder Phasenlage bezüglich des Abfragesignals ausgewertet wird, zum Sendeort zurückgesendet wird.1. A method for wirelessly determining the position and position of at least one object, in which an electromagnetic query signal is emitted from a specific send location to the object and a response signal to the send location for determining the position or position is recovered from the time or phase parameters of the signals , characterized in that the signal fed in by radio is individually modulated in at least one energy-storing sensor element provided on the object and is sent back to the transmission location as a coded output signal whose time or phase position is evaluated with respect to the query signal.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Modulation mit fest vorgegebener Verzögerung und/oder Frequenz erfolgt.2. The method of claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the modulation is carried out with a predetermined delay and / or frequency.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an mehreren insbesondere drei verschiedenen Stellen des Objektes das Abfragesignal mittels der Sensorelemente unterschiedlich moduliert wird, und von den Sensorelementen unter- schiedlich codierte Antwortsignale an den Sendeort zurückgesendet werden und dass aus den Laufzeiten oder Phasenunterschieden bzw. -lagen der Antwortsignale die Position und/oder Lage des Objektes bestimmt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the query signal is modulated differently by means of the sensor elements at several, in particular three different locations of the object, and response signals differently coded by the sensor elements are sent back to the sending location and that from the transit times or Phase differences or positions of the response signals, the position and / or location of the object is determined.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass das durch Funk in das jeweilige Sensorelement eingespeicherte elektromagnetische Signal in ein akustisches Signal gewandelt wird, wobei das akustische Signal moduliert wird, und dass das mo- dulierte akustische Signal in das elektromagnetische Antwortsignal, dessen Zeit -und Phasenlage für die Positions- und/oder Lagebestimmung ausgewertet wird, zum Sendeort zurückgesendet wird.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electromagnetic signal stored by radio in the respective sensor element is converted into an acoustic signal, wherein the acoustic signal is modulated, and that the modulated acoustic signal into the electromagnetic response signal whose time and phase for the position and / or position determination is evaluated, is sent back to the sending location.
5. Vorrichtung zur drahtlosen Positions- und/oder Lagebestim- ung wenigstens eines Objektes mit einer einen Sender und5. Device for wireless position and / or position determination of at least one object with a transmitter and
Empfänger aufweisenden Abfrageeinrichtung, einer mit der Abfrageeinrichtung verbundenen Auswerteeinrichtung und einer am Objekt vorgesehenen Sensoreinrichtung, welche in Abhängigkeit von aus der Abfrageeinrichtung ausgesendeten Abfragesignalen Antwortsignale zur Abfrageeinrichtung zurücksendet, in welcher das Antwortsignal für die Positions- und/oder Lagebestimmung ausgewertet wird, zur Durchführung der Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die am Ob- jekt (7) vorgesehene Sensoreinrichtung (4) wenigstens ein energiespeicherndes und an eine Empfangs-/Sendeantenne (9, 10, 11) angekoppeltes Sensorelement (1, 2, 3) aufweist, in welches eine individuelle Modulationseinrichtung (6) für das Abfragesignal zur Erzeugung eines codierten Antwortsignals integriert ist.Interrogation device having receivers, an evaluation device connected to the interrogation device and a sensor device provided on the object which, depending on interrogation signals sent from the interrogation device, sends back response signals to the interrogation device, in which the response signal for position and / or position determination is evaluated, for carrying out the method According to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sensor device (4) provided on the object (7) has at least one energy-storing sensor element (1, 2, 3) coupled to a receiving / transmitting antenna (9, 10, 11). has in which an individual modulation device (6) for the interrogation signal for generating a coded response signal is integrated.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Sensoreinrichtung (4) mehreren insbesondere drei Sensorelemente (1 bis 3) aufweist, deren zugeordnete Empfangs-/Sendeantennen (9 bis 11) an verschiedenen Stellen des Objektes (7) angeordnet sind.6. The device as claimed in claim 5, so that the sensor device (4) has several, in particular three, sensor elements (1 to 3), the associated receive / transmit antennas (9 to 11) of which are arranged at different locations on the object (7).
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Modulationseinrichtungen (6) der Sensorelemente (1 bis 3) sich voneinander unterscheiden.7. The device according to claim 5 or 6, so that the modulation devices (6) of the sensor elements (1 to 3) differ from one another.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass jede Modulationseinrichtung (6) hinsichtlich Verzögerung und/oder Frequenz moduliert. 8. Device according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that each modulation device (6) modulates with regard to delay and / or frequency.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Modulationseinrichtung (6) eine akustische Modulationseinrichtung ist.9. Device according to one of claims 5 to 8, that the modulation device (6) is an acoustic modulation device.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Orte, an denen die den Sensorelementen (1 bis 3) zugeordneten E p- fangs-/Sendeantennen (9 bis 11) am Objekt (7) befestigt sind, in der Auswerteeinrichtung (5) gespeichert sind.10. Device according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the locations at which the sensor elements (1 to 3) assigned E p- receiving / transmitting antennas (9 to 11) on the object (7) are attached in the Evaluation device (5) are stored.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass das jewei- lige Sensorelement (1 bis 3) als ID-Tag ausgebildet ist. 11. The device as claimed in one of claims 5 to 10, so that the respective sensor element (1 to 3) is designed as an ID tag.
EP01936009A 2000-05-18 2001-04-30 Method and device for radio determining at least one object position and/or orientation Withdrawn EP1285284A1 (en)

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