EP1285226A1 - Verfahren zur bestimmung der räumlichen koordinaten von gegenständen und/oder deren zeitlicher änderung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur bestimmung der räumlichen koordinaten von gegenständen und/oder deren zeitlicher änderungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1285226A1 EP1285226A1 EP01945128A EP01945128A EP1285226A1 EP 1285226 A1 EP1285226 A1 EP 1285226A1 EP 01945128 A EP01945128 A EP 01945128A EP 01945128 A EP01945128 A EP 01945128A EP 1285226 A1 EP1285226 A1 EP 1285226A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor arrangement
- projector
- unit
- projection
- sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
- G01B11/2518—Projection by scanning of the object
- G01B11/2527—Projection by scanning of the object with phase change by in-plane movement of the patern
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the contactless determination of the spatial coordinates of objects and / or their change over time according to the preamble of the main claim.
- One method is the classic stripe projection technique, which uses one or more CCD cameras and a projector is realized.
- CCD cameras DE 41 20 115 02, DE 41 15 445 AI.
- the grid lines or Gray code sequences are projected onto the surface to be measured.
- a CCD camera registers the intensity of a pixel on the surface of each of its receivers.
- Known mathematical algorithms are used to calculate phase measurements from the intensity measurements, and the object coordinates sought can subsequently be calculated from the phase measurements and the image coordinates of the measurement points in the image plane of the recording system the imaging properties of the projection and imaging optics.
- the number of orientation parameters to be determined can be considerably restricted if only the phase measurement values are used for coordinate calculation.
- the position of an individual receiver element in the recording system exclusively determines the measurement location, but is not evaluated as measurement information.
- coordinates can be calculated, for example, with a known geometry of the lighting system.
- the system parameters (orientation parameters) must be recorded separately, this typically being done by a so-called pre-calibration of the system.
- Photogrammetric measurement methods overcome the difficulty of a separate calibration procedure.
- the image coordinates ie the position of the measurement points in the grid of the recording system, serve as measurement information here.
- the image coordinates for an object point must be known from at least two different camera positions. It is advantageous with these measurement methods that an excess measurement value can be obtained per measurement point, ie with two camera positions there is one more measurement value than is required for the calculation of the three coordinates of a point. In this way, with a sufficient number of measuring points, it is possible to simultaneously calculate coordinates, inner and outer orientation parameters of the cameras and correction parameters for distortion. Difficulties arise, however, in finding the homologous points necessary for this, especially for a large number of measuring points.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of a method for determining the spatial coordinates of objects and / or their change over time and a device for carrying out the method to create, with which a measurement of complex objects without markings or textures and without the finding of homologous points without having to know or calibrate geometric or optical system sizes in advance.
- the object or the object is illuminated from at least two directions with a series of light patterns and the object is recorded with light patterns for detection from different views at different positions of the sensor arrangement, with the projection direction relative to a new position of the sensor arrangement If the object is not changed with respect to the previous position, an assignment rule of the measurement points in the image plane of the sensor arrangement can be found from the same measurement information found in the form of the light pattern. In this way, a measurement of complex objects or an all-round measurement is possible. No markings or textures or special object properties are required to find the homologous points. The result of the measurement is available in a uniform coordinate system without additional matching procedures. The system is self-measuring, no geometric or optical system variables need to be known or calibrated before a measurement.
- the number of object views to be digitized and thus the total number of measuring points is not limited.
- the object can be captured in a step-by-step process, the 3D coordinates of this view being available after the completion of a camera view. This enables In particular, an assessment of the interim result in 3-D space with regard to completeness.
- technical, very simple, automatic measuring systems can be set up, but these are nevertheless able to record complex objects completely and over a wide area.
- FIG. 1b shows the principle of the measurement according to the invention with connection orientation when the camera is in a new position and the projector is in two positions, the last projector position corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a device for carrying out the method according to the invention, in which the projector and camera can move freely in space,
- Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of an apparatus for performing the method according to the invention with two planar rotation units
- Fig. 4 shows a third embodiment of an apparatus for performing the method according to the invention with two orbital rotation units.
- the method according to the invention is described below using FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the object to be measured or the object, which is fastened, for example, on a measuring table, is designated by the reference numeral 1, a projector on a stand with 3 and a sensor device, in the exemplary embodiment a CCD camera on a stand with 2.
- Fig. 2a two different positions of the stripe projector 3 are shown, the position 3.1 with solid lines and the position 3.2 in dashed lines.
- the camera 2 occupies position 2.1 in FIG. 2a.
- the projector 3 projects one or more line gratings and / or gray code sequences onto the object 1 to be measured or an object area.
- the camera in camera position 2.1 registers the intensity of the stripe images depicted on object 1 as measured values on each of its receiver elements.
- the grating and / or the gray code sequence is then rotated through 90 ° and projected again onto the object 1, the axis of rotation being parallel to the grating normal.
- Fig. 2a only two projector positions 3.1 and 3.2 are shown, which determine the direction of illumination, usually further projector positions are provided, in which the line grid or the gray code sequences are projected onto the object 1 with a corresponding interim rotation of 90 °.
- the position of the camera 2 remains unchanged relative to the object, the intensity measurement values are always registered by the camera 2 on the same element on the object surface, with the position of the receiver elements i, j (see FIG. 1 a) the location of the object surface at which the measurement is made is determined.
- Fig. La shows the starting position in the measurement corresponding to Fig. 2a
- the camera 2.1 object 1 is observed with a grid of receiver elements i, j.
- two measurement information items ⁇ i, ⁇ i are generally obtained per receiver element of the camera in the form of phase measurement values that correspond to coordinates in the grid plane of the projection system.
- ⁇ is the phase measured value in one position of the line grid or the gray code sequence (first sequence)
- the phase measurement values ⁇ i, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ x , ⁇ 2 are available in the grid of the camera after the projection.
- phase information with regard to the calculation of the 3-D coordinates, it is necessary to know the geometry parameters of the projection system.
- the spatial position of the individual projector positions is determined by six external orientation parameters (three coordinates of the projection centers, three Eulerian rotation angles around the co-rotating coordinate axes).
- a system of equations is set up using functional models of photogrammetry.
- the measured phase values or those calculated from the measured values serve as input variables. If, in the first camera position 2.1 shown in FIGS. 1 a and 2 a, strip images are projected as a first view at least from the two illumination directions 3.1, 3.2 in the manner described, then 3-D coordinates can be calculated.
- the evaluation can be summarized in the following steps: 1. With known phase calculation and stabilization algorithms, possibly with the aid of the Gray code sequences, phase images or phase value differences are calculated for each direction of illumination.
- phase differences calculated in this way are divided by 2 Pi and multiplied by the line spacing of the grating.
- An offset is applied to the measured phase values in such a way that the zero point of the phase lies at the point of penetration of the optical axis through the grating plane of the projector.
- the image information obtained in this way corresponds to coordinates in the grating plane of the projection system as are known from photogrammetry.
- phase measurement values are necessary if the number of measurement points is very high. This selection can be made in a predefined grid of image elements of the camera, based on quality criteria of the phase images, e.g. Modulation or interactive, i.e. be carried out at points distributed over the measuring field.
- quality criteria of the phase images e.g. Modulation or interactive, i.e. be carried out at points distributed over the measuring field.
- the orientation parameters of the projector are calculated using known photogrammetric bundle block compensation algorithms.
- correction parameters for aberrations of the projector optics can also be determined.
- the result is the 3-D coordinates for the first object view, which are available and can be displayed and evaluated with suitable display programs. All coordinates are in a coordinate system, so that after finishing the coordinate calculation, no further post-processing is necessary.
- a new camera position For another object view, it is now necessary to set a new camera position. This is shown in Fig. 1b and Fig. 2b.
- the position of the last direction of illumination or the last projector position 3.2 is maintained and the camera 2 is moved from position 2.1 to position 2.2. Since the last projector position 3.2 remains the same as 3.3 (FIG. 1b), a connection orientation can be achieved.
- the camera is moved to the new position 2.2, the assignment of the pixel index of the camera i 2 and j 2 and the object changes.
- a reverse transformation indicated by the reference symbol 4 in FIG. 1b is achieved via the phase measurement values of the projector, since the projector position 3.2 in FIG. 1a and 3.3 in FIG. 1b deliver exactly the same phase measurement values litis, ⁇ .
- the same phase measurement values found in the two object views define an assignment rule, which were found via the pixel indices of the recording system on which the same phase measurement values were found, so that a connection orientation of the new object view can be achieved.
- the phase measurement values ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 2 are registered in the object view 2.1 at the pixel position ii, ji. If, as shown in FIG. 1b, the recording system is moved to achieve a new object view (2.2) but the projection direction is retained, the same phase measurement values ⁇ 2 , ⁇ are now obtained at a new pixel position i 2 , j 2 .
- the assignment rule then states that the pixel position ⁇ lr j x can be assigned to the pixel position i 2 , j 2 using the same phase measurement values ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 2 .
- the following at least one lighting position (position 3.4) must be oriented with the lighting position of the first view in a uniform coordinate system.
- The is the prerequisite for a uniform coordinate field.
- the phase measurement values necessary for the connection orientation can be obtained.
- new points can also be selected in the new view, which serve as connection points for a subsequent view if the next view contains the connection points.
- the measurement rule for the mutual, but never simultaneous, conversion of the projector and camera can now be continued until the object is completely measured in a sufficient manner.
- the user can assess the completeness of the measurement at any time since the intermediate results are available at all times.
- this measurement specification described above it is possible to create a gap-free assignment to the previous view.
- 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a device for carrying out the method described above.
- the object 1 is arranged on an object table 5 in the middle of two concentric rotating or rotating units 6, 7. These rotation units 6, 7 can be rotated independently of one another around the object table 5.
- the projector 3 is attached to a stand connected to the rotation unit 6, while the camera 2 is attached to a stand 9 connected to the rotation unit 7.
- Projector 3 and camera 2 are on the respective stands the 8, 9 adjustable in height, preferably they are attached to rails that allow variable adjustment of the observation or projection height. With a suitable choice of the fastening, an adjustment, ie the setting up of the projection or imaging fields on the measurement object 1, is possible.
- the necessary steps for a shape measurement according to the principle described above are as follows.
- the camera 2 is positioned by rotating the rotation unit 7, by shifting the height and by aligning it.
- the projector 3 is positioned in a corresponding manner on the stand 8 by rotating the rotation unit 6 and shifting the projector 3.
- grid sequences are projected and the camera digitizes intensity values at the visible illuminated object points.
- the camera 2 moves to take a further look at the object, the position of the projector 3 remaining unchanged. This process is repeated until the specified number of object views, i.e. Camera positions were reached or the object was classified as completely measured by the algorithmic evaluation of the 3D measurement data.
- two orbital rotation units 10, 11 are provided which are rotatably supported independently of one another and which are each semicircular and are preferably designed as rails.
- the projector 3 and the camera 2 are each slidably mounted on the rails so that their positioning tion within the rails is possible without restriction.
- the rail-shaped rotation units 10, 11 can be rotated at least by 180 °, optionally by 360 ° via drives 12, 13.
- the position of the object table receiving the measurement object is position-neutral with respect to the two rotation units 10, 11. This arrangement enables a complete all-round measurement of the object.
- Both the camera 2 and the projector 3 can be positioned at any location in the orbit of the measurement object by rotating the respective rotation unit 10, 11 and shifting within the respective rail. It is also crucial that no repositioning of the image field on the measurement object is necessary when repositioning the camera or projector. There is also no need to readjust the corresponding optics.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10025741 | 2000-05-19 | ||
| DE10025741A DE10025741C2 (de) | 2000-05-19 | 2000-05-19 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der räumlichen Koordinaten von Gegenständen und/oder deren zeitlicher Änderung |
| PCT/EP2001/005469 WO2001090688A1 (de) | 2000-05-19 | 2001-05-14 | Verfahren zur bestimmung der räumlichen koordinaten von gegenständen und/oder deren zeitlicher änderung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1285226A1 true EP1285226A1 (de) | 2003-02-26 |
Family
ID=7643416
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01945128A Withdrawn EP1285226A1 (de) | 2000-05-19 | 2001-05-14 | Verfahren zur bestimmung der räumlichen koordinaten von gegenständen und/oder deren zeitlicher änderung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1285226A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10025741C2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001090688A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10219054B4 (de) * | 2002-04-24 | 2004-08-26 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der räumlichen Koordinaten eines Gegenstandes |
| AU2003219433A1 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2004-11-23 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) | Shape and deformation measurements of large objects by fringe projection |
| DE102008043445A1 (de) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-06 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | System und Verfahren zum Bereitstellen eines digitalen dreidimensionalen Datenmodells |
| US8473256B2 (en) | 2008-11-04 | 2013-06-25 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | System and method for providing a digital three-dimensional data model |
| DE102013221415A1 (de) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-04-23 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erfassung eines Objekts |
| DE102016102360B4 (de) * | 2016-02-11 | 2018-06-07 | Kohnle GmbH | Messanordnung und Verfahren zum optischen Vermessen von Zerspanungswerken |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000026615A1 (de) * | 1998-11-04 | 2000-05-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung zur bestimmung der räumlichen koordinaten von gegenständen |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4007502A1 (de) * | 1990-03-09 | 1991-09-12 | Zeiss Carl Fa | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beruehrungslosen vermessung von objektoberflaechen |
| US5506683A (en) * | 1990-04-30 | 1996-04-09 | Kumho & Co., Inc. | Non-contact measuring apparatus for the section profile of a tire and its method |
| DE19502459A1 (de) * | 1995-01-28 | 1996-08-01 | Wolf Henning | Verfahren zur dreidimensionalen optischen Vermessung der Oberfläche von Objekten |
| GB9716240D0 (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 1997-10-08 | Tricorder Technology Plc | Scanning apparatus and methods |
-
2000
- 2000-05-19 DE DE10025741A patent/DE10025741C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-05-14 WO PCT/EP2001/005469 patent/WO2001090688A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-05-14 EP EP01945128A patent/EP1285226A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000026615A1 (de) * | 1998-11-04 | 2000-05-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung zur bestimmung der räumlichen koordinaten von gegenständen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10025741A1 (de) | 2001-11-29 |
| DE10025741C2 (de) | 2002-06-13 |
| WO2001090688A1 (de) | 2001-11-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE10219054B4 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der räumlichen Koordinaten eines Gegenstandes | |
| EP2273229B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der 3D-Koordinaten eines Objekts | |
| DE19637682B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der räumlichen Koordinaten von Gegenständen und/oder deren zeitlicher Änderung und Vorrichtung zur Anwendung dieses Verfahrens | |
| DE69428686T2 (de) | Bildaufnahmevorrichtung und verfahren zur bestimmung von fokusinformationen | |
| DE19634254B4 (de) | Optisch-numerisches Verfahren zur Ermittlung der gesamten Oberfläche eines dreidimensionalen Objektes | |
| EP2574876B1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen der 3D-Koordinaten eines Objekts | |
| DE10137241A1 (de) | Registrierung von Tiefenbildern mittels optisch projizierter Marken | |
| DE19502459A1 (de) | Verfahren zur dreidimensionalen optischen Vermessung der Oberfläche von Objekten | |
| DE19623172C1 (de) | Verfahren zur dreidimensionalen optischen Vermessung von Objektoberflächen | |
| DE102006049695A1 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum berührungslosen Erfassen einer dreidimensionalen Kontur | |
| WO2005075936A1 (de) | Verfahren zur bestimmung der lage eines objekts im raum | |
| EP1127245B1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur bestimmung der räumlichen koordinaten von gegenständen | |
| EP2589926B1 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur optischen Formerfassung von bewegten Gegenständen | |
| WO2003078920A2 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bestimmung der absolut-koordinaten eines objekts | |
| DE4212404B4 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung der räumlichen Form eines langgestreckten Bauteils | |
| EP1640688A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur 3-dimensionalen Vermessung der Oberfläche eines Gegenstands | |
| DE102011007520A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren einer Ausrichteiheit für Behälter und zum Ausrichten von Behältern | |
| WO2001090688A1 (de) | Verfahren zur bestimmung der räumlichen koordinaten von gegenständen und/oder deren zeitlicher änderung | |
| DE102004058655A1 (de) | Verfahren und Anordnung zum Messen von Geometrien eines Objektes mittels eines Koordinatenmessgerätes | |
| EP3628995A1 (de) | Kalibriervorlage und kalibrierverfahren zum geometrischen kalibrieren einer vielzahl von kameras eines kamera-arrays | |
| WO2009018894A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bestimmen von geometriedaten eines messobjekts | |
| DE102020113454A1 (de) | Mikroskop und Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines aus mehreren mikroskopischen Einzelbildern zusammengesetzten Bildes | |
| DE102004046752B4 (de) | Verfahren zur dreidimensionalen Erfassung von Messobjekten | |
| EP3561772B1 (de) | Verfahren zur kalibrierung einer zeilenbildaufnahmeeinheit | |
| DE10009870A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Untersuchung von Prüfobjekten |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20021119 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DERANGEWAND |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWAN |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20080729 |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20090825 |