EP1283081A2 - Forming, especially for internal high pression forming - Google Patents

Forming, especially for internal high pression forming Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1283081A2
EP1283081A2 EP02015272A EP02015272A EP1283081A2 EP 1283081 A2 EP1283081 A2 EP 1283081A2 EP 02015272 A EP02015272 A EP 02015272A EP 02015272 A EP02015272 A EP 02015272A EP 1283081 A2 EP1283081 A2 EP 1283081A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
forming
forming tool
tool
workpiece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP02015272A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1283081A3 (en
Inventor
Markus Dr. Zander
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Publication of EP1283081A2 publication Critical patent/EP1283081A2/en
Publication of EP1283081A3 publication Critical patent/EP1283081A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/047—Mould construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
    • B21D26/025—Means for controlling the clamping or opening of the moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
    • B21D26/031—Mould construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/039—Means for controlling the clamping or opening of the moulds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a forming device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • DE 197 15 593 C2 discloses an internal high-pressure forming device for Forming of hollow workpiece blanks.
  • the shaping device has a die system into which the workpiece blank to be formed is introduced becomes.
  • a forming liquid line is connected to the die system, via which pressure is applied to the workpiece blank from the inside the tool, i.e. recorded by the matrix system must become.
  • the internal pressure is deformed Workpiece blank according to the inner contour of the die system, whereby the air trapped between the workpiece blank and the die escapes from the die system via a vent hole.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a forming device with that even small numbers of workpieces can be produced economically.
  • the basic principle of the invention is that of the inside of the forming tool acting pressure forces, i.e. the "forming pressure” at least partially compensated by “counter or stabilizing pressure”, that acts on the tool from the outside.
  • the forming tool is arranged in a "pressure chamber".
  • the Forming tool or a "cavity" in the forming tool introduced workpiece blank is via a pressure medium line with a Pressure medium connection connected via which the forming pressure is applied becomes.
  • To apply a "back pressure” from the outside to the Forming tool is provided so that the pressure chamber has a “pressure input” has, which also via the pressure medium connection of the Forming tool can be acted upon.
  • the pressure medium connection of the Forming tool via a control valve with the pressure inlet of the pressure chamber connected.
  • the control valve enables precise control of the counter- or external forces acting on the forming tool "Compensation pressure".
  • a ventilation line is provided, which is led out of the forming tool and the one Venting the between the tool blank and the forming tool trapped air to the atmosphere.
  • a further control valve through which the pressure prevailing between the tool and the workpiece blank is.
  • An electronic control device is used to control the control valves provided that applied to the workpiece blank from the inside Forming pressure between the workpiece blank and the forming tool prevailing pressure as well as the prevailing in the pressure room counter- or compensation pressure acting on the forming tool from the outside regulates.
  • the control device preferably controls the Control valves so that by the above pressures mechanical stress on the forming tool is minimal.
  • the pressure chamber has an opening or closing device, e.g. B. a cover through which the forming tool is introduced into the pressure chamber can be.
  • the pressure room thus represents a "basic machine” that is independent from the forming tool. That is, depending on the application different forming tools are placed in the printing room.
  • the pressure space limited by an outer container and a "lid" can be arranged sunk in the ground, for example. This has the The advantage that the pressure chamber is stabilized by the external pressure of the soil becomes.
  • the pressure chamber can also be an above-ground one Be machine component, which is designed accordingly massive.
  • the outer geometry of the forming tool can be used for better pressure absorption be matched to the workpiece geometry. For example thanks to a spherical outer geometry, significantly better pressure introduction can be achieved than by a cuboid tool geometry.
  • the above-mentioned pressure levels can be adjusted by the respective control valves Process can be optimally adapted. Determine the pressure levels on the one hand, the forming process directly, on the other hand, through a targeted control of the pressure levels of the tool to be controlled.
  • a major advantage is that through appropriate Regulation of the pressure levels the tool can be designed weaker can. For example, a small one at the beginning of the forming process Counter or external pressure can be set to the load of the To minimize the "outer shell" of the forming tool.
  • the forming device according to the invention is for different workpiece materials usable, such as steel, light metal, concrete based on plastic etc.
  • Figure 1 shows a forming tool 1, which is set up in a pressure chamber 2, which is delimited by walls 3, a bottom 4 and a "cover 5".
  • the forming tool 1 has in its interior a recess 6, the contour of which corresponds to that of a workpiece to be produced.
  • the workpiece is produced from a workpiece blank 7, which here is a tube inserted into the recess 6.
  • the forming tool 1 or the interior of the workpiece blank 7 are via a pressure medium line 8 through the cover 5 from the Pressure chamber 2 is led out with a pressure medium connection 9 in connection.
  • a branch line 10 branches off from the pressure medium line 8, in which a first pressure control valve 11 is arranged.
  • the interior of the workpiece blank 7 can thus be subjected to the forming pressure p i via the pressure medium connection 9.
  • pressure control valve 11 By opening the pressure control valve 11, pressure medium can reach the pressure chamber 2 from the pressure medium connection 9.
  • the "back pressure” or “compensation pressure” p a prevailing in the pressure chamber 2 presses against the forming tool 1 from the outside, which is represented by arrows 12.
  • a spur line 13 leads down to the bottom 4 of the pressure chamber 2.
  • the vent line 14 is connected to ambient pressure p ⁇ via a second control valve 15.
  • a forming pressure p i is applied to the inside of the workpiece via the pressure medium connection 9.
  • the workpiece blank 7 gradually deforms in accordance with the inner contour of the recess 6.
  • the air trapped between the workpiece blank 7 and the recess 6 can escape via the ventilation line 14 when the control valve 15 is open.
  • the pressure p 0 in the recess 6 can thus be regulated by the control valve 15.
  • the pressure chamber 2 can be pressurized via the spur line 10 and the first control valve 11.
  • the compensation pressure p a prevailing in the pressure chamber 2 presses against the tool from the outside, as a result of which the internal pressure prevailing in the tool is at least partially compensated.
  • the compensation pressure p a p ie the forming pressure by the mechanical stress generated i of the forming tool 1 is reduced.
  • the forming tool 1 can less here massive and therefore more cost-effective.
  • Another A significant advantage of the invention is that the pressure chamber 2 is tool-independent. That is, different can in the pressure room 1 Tools set up and to the vent line 14 and the Pressure medium connection 9 are connected.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which, in contrast to FIG. 1, the pressure medium connection 9 or the pressure medium line 8 is additionally connected to the ventilation line 14 via a connecting line 16 and a pressure control valve 17.
  • the "system” can also be subjected to constant pressure first and the pressure for forming can be released. This results in an additional possibility to regulate the "system".

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The device has a tool to hold the component to be formed, with a pressure medium connection to apply a forming pressure to the component. The tool (1) is located in a pressure chamber (2), and there is a unit to generate a stabilizing pressure (pa) within the pressure chamber acting on the forming tool. A pressure intake (10) of the pressure chamber is connected to the pressure medium connection (9) of the tool, for at least partial compensation of the internal pressure acting on the tool.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Umformvorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The present invention relates to a forming device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der DE 197 15 593 C2 ist eine Innenhochdruckumformvorrichtung zur Umformung hohler Werkstückrohlinge bekannt. Die Umformvorrichtung weist ein Matrizensystem auf, in das der umzuformende Werkstückrohling eingebracht wird. An das Matrizensystem ist eine Umformflüssigkeitsleitung angeschlossen, über die von innen Druck auf den Werkstückrohling aufgebracht werden kann, der vom Werkzeug, d.h. vom Matrizensystem aufgenommen werden muß. Durch den aufgebrachten Innendruck verformt sich der Werkstückrohling entsprechend der Innenkontur des Matrizensystems, wobei die zwischen dem Werkstückrohling und der Matrize eingeschlossene Luft über eine Entlüftungsbohrung aus dem Matrizensystem entweicht.DE 197 15 593 C2 discloses an internal high-pressure forming device for Forming of hollow workpiece blanks is known. The shaping device has a die system into which the workpiece blank to be formed is introduced becomes. A forming liquid line is connected to the die system, via which pressure is applied to the workpiece blank from the inside the tool, i.e. recorded by the matrix system must become. The internal pressure is deformed Workpiece blank according to the inner contour of the die system, whereby the air trapped between the workpiece blank and the die escapes from the die system via a vent hole.

Eine konstruktiv ähnliche Vorrichtung zur Innenhochdruckverformung von hohlen Werkstückrohlingen ist aus der DE 196 20 484 A1 bekannt.A structurally similar device for internal high pressure deformation of Hollow workpiece blanks are known from DE 196 20 484 A1.

Bei Umformprozessen, wie z. B. Innenhochdruckumformung, Hydroforming, etc. werden Umformwerkzeuge eingesetzt, bei denen inkompressible Fluide bzw. Flüssigkeiten zur Umformung der Werkstückrohlinge verwendet werden. Derartige Umformvorrichtungen zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass die zu erzeugende Werkstückgeometrie durch nur eine Positiv- oder Negativform vorgegeben wird. Je nach Komplexität des zu erzeugenden Werkstücks und in Abhängigkeit von dem Material des Werkstückrohlings muss über das "Wirkmedium" ein extrem hoher Druck aufgebracht werden. Nur durch sehr hohe Drücke kann eine vollständige Anlage des Werkstücks an die Werkzeuginnenkontur erreicht werden. Das Werkzeug muss diesen hohen Innendrücken standhalten, was eine sehr massive Gestaltung der Werkzeuge erfordert. Die damit verbundenen hohen Werkzeugkosten stellen vor allem bei kleinen Losgrößen ein Problem dar. Insbesondere in der Entwicklungsphase von Produkten müssen aber Prototypenteile in sehr kleinen Stückzahlen hergestellt werden. Bei Teilen, die durch Innenhochdruckumformung hergestellt werden, werden heutzutage für "Prototypenteile" Werkzeuge verwendet, die annähernd seriengleichen Werkzeugen entsprechen. Im Vergleich zur "Blechschalenbauweise" führt dies zu unverhältnismäßig hohen Kosten, was für Funktionsversuche aber unerlässlich ist.In forming processes, such as. B. hydroforming, hydroforming, etc. forming tools are used in which incompressible fluids or liquids are used to form the workpiece blanks become. Such forming devices are characterized in that the Workpiece geometry to be generated by only one positive or negative shape is specified. Depending on the complexity of the workpiece and depending on the material of the workpiece blank must have the "Active medium" an extremely high pressure can be applied. Only by very much high pressures can complete the workpiece to the Tool inner contour can be reached. The tool needs this high Withstand internal pressures, which is a very massive design of the Tools required. The associated high tooling costs a problem especially with small lot sizes However, the development phase of products must be in very prototype parts small quantities can be produced. For parts that pass through Hydroforming are manufactured for today "Prototype parts" uses tools that are almost the same as series Tools. Compared to the "sheet metal shell construction" leads this at disproportionately high costs, but what for functional tests is essential.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Umformvorrichtung zu schaffen, mit der auch kleine Anzahlen von Werkstücken wirtschaftlich herstellbar sind.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a forming device with that even small numbers of workpieces can be produced economically.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are the See subclaims.

Das Grundprinzip der Erfindung besteht darin, die von innen auf das Umformwerkzeug einwirkenden Druckkräfte, d.h. den "Umformdruck" zumindest teilweise durch einen "Gegen- bzw. Stabilisierungsdruck" zu kompensieren, der von außen auf das Werkzeug wirkt. The basic principle of the invention is that of the inside of the forming tool acting pressure forces, i.e. the "forming pressure" at least partially compensated by "counter or stabilizing pressure", that acts on the tool from the outside.

Hierzu wird das Umformwerkzeug in einem "Druckraum" angeordnet. Das Umformwerkzeug bzw. ein "Hohlraum" des in das Umformwerkzeug eingebrachten Werkstückrohlings ist über eine Druckmittelleitung mit einem Druckmittelanschluss verbunden, über den der Umformdruck aufgebracht wird. Zum Aufbringen eines "Gegendrucks" von außen auf das Umformwerkzeug ist vorgesehen, dass der Druckraum einen "Druckeingang" aufweist, der ebenfalls über den Druckmittelanschluss des Umformwerkzeuges beaufschlagbar ist.For this purpose, the forming tool is arranged in a "pressure chamber". The Forming tool or a "cavity" in the forming tool introduced workpiece blank is via a pressure medium line with a Pressure medium connection connected via which the forming pressure is applied becomes. To apply a "back pressure" from the outside to the Forming tool is provided so that the pressure chamber has a "pressure input" has, which also via the pressure medium connection of the Forming tool can be acted upon.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist der Druckmittelanschluss des Umformwerkzeugs über ein Regelventil mit dem Druckeingang des Druckraums verbunden. Das Regelventil ermöglicht eine genaue Regelung des von außen auf das Umformwerkzeug einwirkenden Gegen- bzw. "Kompensationsdrucks".According to a development of the invention, the pressure medium connection of the Forming tool via a control valve with the pressure inlet of the pressure chamber connected. The control valve enables precise control of the counter- or external forces acting on the forming tool "Compensation pressure".

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist eine Entlüftungsleitung vorgesehen, die aus dem Umformwerkzeug herausgeführt ist und die eine Entlüftung der zwischen dem Werkzeugrohling und dem Umformwerkzeug eingeschlossenen Luft zur Atmosphäre hin ermöglicht. Vorzugsweise ist in der Entlüftungsleitung ein weiteres Regelventil vorgesehen, über das der zwischen dem Werkzeug und dem Werkstückrohling herrschende Druck einstellbar ist.According to a development of the invention, a ventilation line is provided, which is led out of the forming tool and the one Venting the between the tool blank and the forming tool trapped air to the atmosphere. Preferably in the vent line provided a further control valve through which the pressure prevailing between the tool and the workpiece blank is.

Zur Steuerung der Regelventile ist eine elektronische Regeleinrichtung vorgesehen, die den von innen auf den Werkstückrohling aufgebrachten Umformdruck, den zwischen dem Werkstückrohling und dem Umformwerkzeug herrschenden Druck sowie den im Druckraum herrschenden, von außen auf das Umformwerkzeug wirkenden Gegen- bzw. Kompensationsdruck regelt. Vorzugsweise steuert die Regeleinrichtung die Regelventile so an, dass die durch die oben genannten Drücke hervorgerufene mechanische Belastung des Umformwerkzeugs minimal ist. An electronic control device is used to control the control valves provided that applied to the workpiece blank from the inside Forming pressure between the workpiece blank and the forming tool prevailing pressure as well as the prevailing in the pressure room counter- or compensation pressure acting on the forming tool from the outside regulates. The control device preferably controls the Control valves so that by the above pressures mechanical stress on the forming tool is minimal.

Der Druckraum weist eine Öffnungs- bzw. Verschließvorrichtung auf, z. B. einen Deckel, über den das Umformwerkzeug in den Druckraum eingebracht werden kann. Der Druckraum stellt somit eine "Grundmaschine" dar, die unabhängig von dem Umformwerkzeug ist. Das heißt, je nach Anwendung können unterschiedliche Umformwerkzeuge in den Druckraum gestellt werden.The pressure chamber has an opening or closing device, e.g. B. a cover through which the forming tool is introduced into the pressure chamber can be. The pressure room thus represents a "basic machine" that is independent from the forming tool. That is, depending on the application different forming tools are placed in the printing room.

Der durch einen Außenbehälter und einen "Deckel" begrenzte Druckraum kann beispielsweise im Erdreich versenkt angeordnet sein. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der Druckraum durch den Außendruck des Erdreichs stabilisiert wird. Alternativ dazu kann der Druckraum auch eine oberirdisch angeordnete Maschinenkomponente sein, die entsprechend massiv ausgelegt ist.The pressure space limited by an outer container and a "lid" can be arranged sunk in the ground, for example. This has the The advantage that the pressure chamber is stabilized by the external pressure of the soil becomes. Alternatively, the pressure chamber can also be an above-ground one Be machine component, which is designed accordingly massive.

Zur besseren Druckaufnahme kann die Außengeometrie des Umformwerkzeugs auf die Werkstückgeometrie abgestimmt sein. So kann beispielsweise durch eine kugelförmige Außengeometrie eine deutlich bessere Druckeinleitung erreicht werden als durch einen quaderförmige Werkzeuggeometrie.The outer geometry of the forming tool can be used for better pressure absorption be matched to the workpiece geometry. For example thanks to a spherical outer geometry, significantly better pressure introduction can be achieved than by a cuboid tool geometry.

Die oben genannten Druckniveaus können durch die Regelventile dem jeweiligen Prozess optimal angepasst werden. Die Druckniveaus bestimmen zum einen unmittelbar den Umformprozess, zum anderen kann durch eine gezielte Regelung der Druckniveaus die Belastung des Werkzeugs kontrolliert werden. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil ist, dass durch geeignete Regelung der Druckniveaus das Werkzeug schwächer ausgelegt werden kann. Beispielsweise kann zu Beginn des Umformvorganges ein geringer Gegen- bzw. Außendruck eingestellt werden, um die Belastung der "Außenschale" des Umformwerkzeugs zu minimieren.The above-mentioned pressure levels can be adjusted by the respective control valves Process can be optimally adapted. Determine the pressure levels on the one hand, the forming process directly, on the other hand, through a targeted control of the pressure levels of the tool to be controlled. A major advantage is that through appropriate Regulation of the pressure levels the tool can be designed weaker can. For example, a small one at the beginning of the forming process Counter or external pressure can be set to the load of the To minimize the "outer shell" of the forming tool.

Die Umformvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung ist für verschiedene Werkstückmaterialen verwendbar, wie beispielsweise Stahl, Leichtmetall, Beton auf Kunststoffbasis etc. The forming device according to the invention is for different workpiece materials usable, such as steel, light metal, concrete based on plastic etc.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der Erfindung; und
Fig 2
ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der Erfindung.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a first embodiment according to the invention; and
Fig. 2
a second embodiment according to the invention.

Figur 1 zeigt ein Umformwerkzeug 1, das in einem Druckraum 2 aufgestellt ist, der durch Wände 3, einen Boden 4 und einen "Deckel 5" begrenzt ist. Das Umformwerkzeug 1 weist in seinem Inneren eine Ausnehmung 6 auf, deren Kontur der eines herzustellenden Werkstücks entspricht. Das Werkstück wird aus einem Werkstückrohling 7 hergestellt, der hier ein in die Ausnehmung 6 eingesetztes Rohr ist. Figure 1 shows a forming tool 1, which is set up in a pressure chamber 2, which is delimited by walls 3, a bottom 4 and a "cover 5". The forming tool 1 has in its interior a recess 6, the contour of which corresponds to that of a workpiece to be produced. The workpiece is produced from a workpiece blank 7, which here is a tube inserted into the recess 6.

Das Umformwerkzeug 1 bzw. der Innenraum des Werkstückrohlings 7 stehen über eine Druckmittelleitung 8, die durch den Deckel 5 aus dem Druckraum 2 herausgeführt ist, mit einem Druckmittelanschluss 9 in Verbindung.The forming tool 1 or the interior of the workpiece blank 7 are via a pressure medium line 8 through the cover 5 from the Pressure chamber 2 is led out with a pressure medium connection 9 in connection.

Von der Druckmittelleitung 8 zweigt eine Stichleitung 10 ab, in der ein erstes Druckregelventil 11 angeordnet ist. Über den Druckmittelanschluss 9 kann somit der Innenraum des Werkstückrohlings 7 mit Umformdruck pi beaufschlagt werden. Durch Öffnen des Druckregelventils 11 kann Druckmittel vom Druckmittelanschluss 9 in den Druckraum 2 gelangen. Der im Druckraum 2 herrschende "Gegendruck" bzw. "Kompensationsdruck" pa drückt von außen gegen das Umformwerkzeug 1, was durch Pfeile 12 dargestellt ist.A branch line 10 branches off from the pressure medium line 8, in which a first pressure control valve 11 is arranged. The interior of the workpiece blank 7 can thus be subjected to the forming pressure p i via the pressure medium connection 9. By opening the pressure control valve 11, pressure medium can reach the pressure chamber 2 from the pressure medium connection 9. The "back pressure" or "compensation pressure" p a prevailing in the pressure chamber 2 presses against the forming tool 1 from the outside, which is represented by arrows 12.

Von der Ausnehmung 6 des Werkzeugs 1 führt eine Stichleitung 13 nach unten zum Boden 4 des Druckraums 2. Dort ist eine hier nicht näher dargestellte "Leitungskupplung" vorgesehen, über die die Stichleitung 13 des Umformwerkzeugs 1 mit einer Entlüftungsleitung 14 verbindbar ist. Die Entlüftungsleitung 14 steht über ein zweites Regelventil 15 mit Umgebungsdruck p∞ in Verbindung.From the recess 6 of the tool 1, a spur line 13 leads down to the bottom 4 of the pressure chamber 2. There is a "line coupling", not shown here, via which the spur line 13 of the forming tool 1 can be connected to a vent line 14. The vent line 14 is connected to ambient pressure p ∞ via a second control valve 15.

Zum Verformen des Werkstückrohlings 7 wird über den Druckmittelanschluss 9 ein Umformdruck pi auf die Werkstückinnenseite aufgebracht. Dadurch verformt sich der Werkstückrohling 7 allmählich entsprechend der Innenkontur der Ausnehmung 6. Die zwischen dem Werkstückrohling 7 und der Ausnehmung 6 eingeschlossene Luft kann dabei über die Entlüftungsleitung 14 entweichen, wenn das Regelventil 15 geöffnet ist. Durch das Regelventil 15 kann also der Druck p0 in der Ausnehmung 6 geregelt werden.To deform the workpiece blank 7, a forming pressure p i is applied to the inside of the workpiece via the pressure medium connection 9. As a result, the workpiece blank 7 gradually deforms in accordance with the inner contour of the recess 6. The air trapped between the workpiece blank 7 and the recess 6 can escape via the ventilation line 14 when the control valve 15 is open. The pressure p 0 in the recess 6 can thus be regulated by the control valve 15.

Gleichzeitig mit der Beaufschlagung des Innenraums des Werkstückrohlings 7 kann über die Stichleitung 10 und das erste Regelventil 11 der Druckraum 2 mit Druck beaufschlagt werden. Der im Druckraum 2 herrschende Kompensationsdruck pa drückt von außen gegen das Werkzeug, wodurch der im Werkzeug herrschende Innendruck zumindest teilweise kompensiert wird. Durch den Kompensationsdruck pa wird also die durch den Umformdruck pi erzeugte mechanische Belastung des Umformwerkzeugs 1 verringert.Simultaneously with the loading of the interior of the workpiece blank 7, the pressure chamber 2 can be pressurized via the spur line 10 and the first control valve 11. The compensation pressure p a prevailing in the pressure chamber 2 presses against the tool from the outside, as a result of which the internal pressure prevailing in the tool is at least partially compensated. By the compensation pressure p a p ie the forming pressure by the mechanical stress generated i of the forming tool 1 is reduced.

Im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Umformwerkzeugen, die nicht in einem Druckraum 2 betrieben werden, kann das Umformwerkzeug 1 hier weniger massiv und somit kostengünstiger ausgelegt werden. Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, dass der Druckraum 2 werkzeugunabhängig ist. Das heißt, im Druckraum 1 können verschiedene Werkzeuge aufgestellt und an die Entlüftungsleitung 14 bzw. den Druckmittelanschluss 9 angeschlossen werden.Compared to conventional forming tools that are not in one Pressure chamber 2 are operated, the forming tool 1 can less here massive and therefore more cost-effective. Another A significant advantage of the invention is that the pressure chamber 2 is tool-independent. That is, different can in the pressure room 1 Tools set up and to the vent line 14 and the Pressure medium connection 9 are connected.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem im Unterschied zu Fig. 1 der Druckmittelanschluss 9 bzw. die Druckmittelleitung 8 zusätzlich über eine Verbindungsleitung 16 und ein Druckregelventil 17 mit der Entlüftungsleitung 14 verbunden ist. Damit kann das "System" auch zuerst mit konstantem Druck beaufschlagt werden und der Druck zur Umformung kann abgelassen werden. Hierdurch ergibt sich also eine zusätzliche Möglichkeit, das "System" zu regeln. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which, in contrast to FIG. 1, the pressure medium connection 9 or the pressure medium line 8 is additionally connected to the ventilation line 14 via a connecting line 16 and a pressure control valve 17. This means that the "system" can also be subjected to constant pressure first and the pressure for forming can be released. This results in an additional possibility to regulate the "system".

Claims (14)

Umformvorrichtung mit einem Umformwerkzeug, in das ein zu verformendes Werkstück einbringbar ist, wobei das Umformwerkzeug einen Druckmittelanschluss zum Aufbringen eines Umformdrucks auf das Werkstück aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Umformwerkzeug (1) in einem Druckraum (2) angeordnet ist, und dass eine Einrichtung (9-11) zum Erzeugen eines in dem Druckraum (2) herrschenden, von außen auf das Umfomwerkzeug (1) wirkenden Stabilisierungsdrucks (pa ) vorgesehen ist.Forming device with a forming tool, into which a workpiece to be deformed can be inserted, the forming tool having a pressure medium connection for applying a forming pressure to the workpiece, characterized in that
the forming tool (1) is arranged in a pressure chamber (2), and a device (9-11) is provided for generating a stabilizing pressure (p a ) prevailing in the pressure chamber (2) and acting on the forming tool (1) from the outside , Umformvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckraum (2) einen Druckeingang (10) aufweist, welcher mit dem Druckmittelanschluss (9) des Umformwerkzeugs (1) in Druckverbindung bringbar ist, zum zumindest teilweisen kompensieren des auf das Umformwerkzeug (1) wirkenden Innendrucks.Forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure chamber (2) has a pressure inlet (10) which can be brought into pressure connection with the pressure medium connection (9) of the forming tool (1) for at least partially compensating for the one acting on the forming tool (1) internal pressure. Umformvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckeingang (10) mit dem Druckmittelanschluss (9) über eine erste Druckregeleinrichtung (11) verbunden ist, zum Regeln des im Druckraum (2) herrschenden auf das Umformwerkzeug (1) wirkenden Stabilisierungsdrucks (pa).Forming device according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure inlet (10) is connected to the pressure medium connection (9) via a first pressure regulating device (11) for regulating the stabilizing pressure (p a. ) Acting in the pressure chamber (2) on the forming tool (1) ). Umformvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Umformwerkzeug (1) eine Ausnehmung (6) aufweist, deren Form der herzustellenden Außenform des Werkstücks (7) entspricht und dass das Umformwerkzeug (1) einen Druckentlastungsanschluss (13) aufweist, über den Entlüftungsdruck (p0) aus der Ausnehmung (6) abgelassen werden kann.Forming device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the forming tool (1) has a recess (6), the shape of which corresponds to the outer shape of the workpiece (7) to be produced and that the forming tool (1) has a pressure relief connection (13), can be released from the recess (6) via the venting pressure (p 0 ). Umformvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckentlastungsanschluss (13) über eine Entlüftungsleitung (14) und einen zweiten Druckregler (15) zur Atmosphäre (p∞) hin entlüftbar ist, wobei der zweite Druckregler (15) zur Regelung des während des Umformvorganges zwischen dem Werkstück (7) und dem Umformwerkzeug (1) herrschenden Drucks (p0) vorgesehen ist.Forming device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the pressure relief connection (13) can be vented to the atmosphere (p ∞ ) via a vent line (14) and a second pressure regulator (15), the second pressure regulator (15) for regulating the during the forming process between the workpiece (7) and the forming tool (1) prevailing pressure (p 0 ) is provided. Umformvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Regeleinrichtung (11, 15) vorgesehen ist, zur Regelung des Umformdrucks (pi), des Stabilisierungsdrucks (pa) und des Entlüftungsdrucks (p0), in Abhängigkeit vom Verformungszustand des Werkstücks (7).Forming device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a regulating device (11, 15) is provided for regulating the forming pressure (p i ), the stabilizing pressure (p a ) and the venting pressure (p 0 ), depending on the deformation state the workpiece (7). Umformvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stabilisierungsdruck (pa) und der Entlüftungsdruck (p0) so geregelt werden, dass die mechanische Belastung des Umformwerkzeugs (1) minimal ist.Forming device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the stabilizing pressure (p a ) and the venting pressure (p 0 ) are regulated such that the mechanical load on the forming tool (1) is minimal. Umformvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckmittelanschluss (9) außerhalb des Druckraums (2) angeordnet ist und über eine Druckmittelleitung (8) mit einem im zu verformenden Werkstück (7) vorgesehenen Hohlraum verbunden ist.Forming device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pressure medium connection (9) is arranged outside the pressure chamber (2) and is connected via a pressure medium line (8) to a cavity provided in the workpiece (7) to be deformed. Umformvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckraum (2) eine Öffnungs/Verschließeinrichtung (5) aufweist, zum Einbringen bzw. Herausnehmen des Umformwerkzeugs (1).Forming device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pressure chamber (2) has an opening / closing device (5) for inserting or removing the forming tool (1). Umformvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Druckmittelleitung (8) durch die Öffnungs/Verschließeinrichtung (5) aus dem Druckraum (2) herausgeführt ist.Forming device according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the pressure medium line (8) is led out of the pressure chamber (2) through the opening / closing device (5). Umformvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckraum (2) im Erdreich versenkt ist.Forming device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the pressure chamber (2) is sunk in the ground. Umformvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Umformwerkzeug (1) eine gerundete Außenform hat.Forming device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the forming tool (1) has a rounded outer shape. Umformvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Umformwerkzeug (1) eine kugelförmige Außengeometrie hat.Forming device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the forming tool (1) has a spherical outer geometry. Umformvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckmittelanschluß (9) über eine Verbindungsleitung (16) und ein Druckregelventil (17) mit der Entlüftungsleitung (14) verbunden ist.Forming device according to one of claims 5 to 13, characterized in that the pressure medium connection (9) is connected to the ventilation line (14) via a connecting line (16) and a pressure regulating valve (17).
EP02015272A 2001-08-09 2002-07-09 Forming, especially for internal high pression forming Withdrawn EP1283081A3 (en)

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DE2001139135 DE10139135A1 (en) 2001-08-09 2001-08-09 Forming device, in particular for hydroforming
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