EP1279748A1 - Aluminum bronze with high wear resistance - Google Patents

Aluminum bronze with high wear resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1279748A1
EP1279748A1 EP02016597A EP02016597A EP1279748A1 EP 1279748 A1 EP1279748 A1 EP 1279748A1 EP 02016597 A EP02016597 A EP 02016597A EP 02016597 A EP02016597 A EP 02016597A EP 1279748 A1 EP1279748 A1 EP 1279748A1
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Prior art keywords
aluminum bronze
weight
aluminum
wear resistance
alloy
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EP02016597A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1279748B1 (en
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Jürgen Dr. Rexer
Karin Liebig
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Diehl Metall Stiftung and Co KG
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Diehl Metall Stiftung and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/05—Alloys based on copper with manganese as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an aluminum bronze for the application area of the synchronizer rings.
  • aluminum bronzes are a valued construction material, especially in liquid media.
  • wear resistance used in this document refers to a resistance to erosion by corrosion.
  • Aluminum bronzes have compared to other copper alloys, e.g. Brass has the advantage that the part weight can be reduced due to the aluminum used. Such alloys are resistant to oxidation due to a protective layer caused by the aluminum. Aluminum bronzes are also highly resilient and wear-resistant sliding materials, their high strength leads to a low wear rate due to the good sliding properties. In addition, aluminum bronzes are easy to weld.
  • the invention proposes an alloy of 7.5-10% Al, 5-14% Mn, 1.5-4% Si, the rest copper and usual impurities up to a total of 1%. All information is given in percent by weight.
  • a further improvement of the aluminum bronze according to the invention results from the fact that it additionally has a content of 5-9% Fe.
  • a further development of the first-mentioned alloy has a content of 8-9% Al, 12-13% Mn and 3-4% Si, the rest copper and usual impurities up to a total of 1%.
  • a further development of the second-named alloy provides that it has a content of 8-9% Al, 7-8% Fe, 5-7% Mn and 3-4% Si, the rest copper and usual impurities up to a total of 1%.
  • the former alloy contains 74.5% Cu, 8.8% Al, 12.5% Mn and 3.2% Si. It has a wear resistance of 2680 km / g and a coefficient of friction of 0.115.
  • the specified wear resistance is defined by the number of kilometers traveled until 1g of material has been removed from the synchronizer ring.
  • a first test alloy of the FeMnSi type alloys has a composition of 75.4% Cu, 9.0% Al, 5.2% Fe, 7.1% Mn and 3.3% Si. This alloy has a wear resistance of 2950 km / g. Their coefficient of friction is 0.116.
  • the second test alloy of the type FeMnSi has a content of 76.0% Cu, 8.2% Al, 7.2% Fe, 5.2% Mn and 3.1% Si. Their wear resistance is 2530 km / g, their coefficient of friction 0.130.
  • a third test alloy of the FeMnSi type has a content of 83.6% Cu, 7.7% Al, 4.7% Fe, 2.5% Mn, 1.5% Si. Their wear resistance is 950 km / g, their friction coefficient is 0.115.
  • silicon is responsible for the formation of the hard wear-resistant intermetallic phases. There should be no free silicon in the solution, but should be bound by iron and manganese. Iron and manganese also promote the hardening process.
  • the shape of the intermetallic phases is more acicular in the MnSi alloy type and more spherical in the FeMnSi alloy type. Accordingly, alloys of the FeMnSi type have better toughness and ductility than alloys of the MnSi type.
  • the increases in hardness of both alloy types by the aforementioned heat treatments are not quite as high as those of an aluminum bronze of the FeNiSi alloy type, which is described in a parallel application.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

Aluminum bronze contains 7.5-10 weight % aluminum, 5-14 weight % manganese, 1.5-4 weight % silicon and a balance of copper and the usual impurities of up to 1 weight %. Preferred Features: The aluminum bronze contains 5-9 weight % iron. The aluminum bronze preferably contains 8-9 weight % aluminum, 12-13 weight % manganese, 3-4 weight % silicon and a balance of copper and the usual impurities of up to 1 weight %. The aluminum bronze further contains up to 0.5 weight % lead.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Aluminiumbronze für das Anwendungsgebiet der Synchronringe.The invention relates to an aluminum bronze for the application area of the synchronizer rings.

Aluminiumbronzen sind aufgrund ihrer guten Eigenschaften hinsichtlich mechanischer Festigkeit, Korrosionsbeständigkeit und Verschleißfestigkeit ein geschätzter Konstruktionswerkstoff, insbesondere auch in flüssigen Medien.Due to their good properties with regard to mechanical strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, aluminum bronzes are a valued construction material, especially in liquid media.

Es ist beispielsweise aus der DE PS 26 21 602 eine Aluminiumbronze mit 4 - 12 Gewichtsprozent Al, Spuren bis 1% Si und/oder Be in fester Lösung sowie 4,2-10% Eisensilizid, Rest Kupfer bekannt. Im Falle der Verwendung von Beryllium können bis zu 6% nicht an Eisensilizid gebundenes Eisen verwendet werden. Diese Legierung kann außerdem Nickel in einer Menge bis höchstens 7% enthalten. Bei dieser bekannten Legierung steht die Frage der Zugfestigkeit und einer hohen prozentualen Dehnung im Vordergrund. Sie ist verwendbar für gleitende Teile in Walzwerken, Werkzeugmaschinen und dergleichen.It is known, for example, from DE PS 26 21 602 an aluminum bronze with 4 to 12 percent by weight Al, traces up to 1% Si and / or Be in solid solution and 4.2-10% iron silicide, the rest copper. If beryllium is used, up to 6% of iron not bound to iron silicide can be used. This alloy can also contain nickel in an amount up to a maximum of 7%. With this known alloy, the focus is on the tensile strength and a high percentage elongation. It can be used for sliding parts in rolling mills, machine tools and the like.

In dieser Druckschrift ist ferner auch die Verwendung von Mangansiliziden anstatt von Eisensiliziden erwähnt. Im Hinblick darauf, daß die prozentuale Dehnung, welche beim Gegenstand dieser Druckschrift eine wesentliche Rolle spielt, diese Dehnung sich jedoch wegen der starren Mangansilizide verringert sind Mangansilizide für den gewünschten Zweck nicht geeignet. Es wird die Hoffnung geäußert, daß die prozentuale Dehnung steigen würde, wenn das Mangansilizid in zumindest angenähert kugelförmigen Kristallen auskristallisieren würde. Man hat damals jedoch keine Lösung für eine Legierung mit diesen Eigenschaften gesehen.This publication also mentions the use of manganese silicides instead of iron silicides. In view of the fact that the percentage elongation, which plays an essential role in the subject matter of this document, this elongation is reduced because of the rigid manganese silicides, manganese silicides are not suitable for the desired purpose. The hope is expressed that the percentage elongation would increase if the manganese silicide crystallized out in at least approximately spherical crystals. At that time, however, no solution was seen for an alloy with these properties.

Der bei dieser Druckschrift verwendete Begriff "Verschleißfestigkeit" bezieht sich auf eine Beständigkeit gegen Abtrag durch Korrosion.The term "wear resistance" used in this document refers to a resistance to erosion by corrosion.

Aluminiumbronzen haben gegenüber sonstigen Kupferlegierungen, z.B. Messingen den Vorteil, daß aufgrund des verwendeten Aluminiums eine Reduzierung des Teilegewichts möglich ist. Derartige Legierungen sind oxidationsbeständig aufgrund einer durch das Aluminium verursachten Schutzschicht. Aluminiumbronzen sind darüber hinaus hoch belastbare und verschleißfeste Gleitwerkstoffe, ihre hohe Festigkeit führt aufgrund der guten Gleiteigenschaften zu einer geringen Verschleißrate. Darüber hinaus sind Aluminiumbronzen gut schweißbar.Aluminum bronzes have compared to other copper alloys, e.g. Brass has the advantage that the part weight can be reduced due to the aluminum used. Such alloys are resistant to oxidation due to a protective layer caused by the aluminum. Aluminum bronzes are also highly resilient and wear-resistant sliding materials, their high strength leads to a low wear rate due to the good sliding properties. In addition, aluminum bronzes are easy to weld.

Es ist nun Aufgabe der Erfindung eine Aluminiumbronze zu schaffen, welche abweichend von den bekannten Aluminiumbronzen gleichzeitig eine hohe Beständigkeit gegen reibenden Verschleiß und einen hohen Reibungsbeiwert für den Einsatz bei Synchronringen besitzt.It is an object of the invention to provide an aluminum bronze which, in contrast to the known aluminum bronzes, also has high resistance to rubbing wear and a high coefficient of friction for use with synchronizer rings.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung eine Legierung vor aus 7,5 - 10% Al, 5 - 14% Mn, 1,5- 4% Si, Rest Kupfer und übliche Verunreinigungen bis insgesamt 1%. Alle Angaben erfolgen in Gewichtsprozent.To achieve this object, the invention proposes an alloy of 7.5-10% Al, 5-14% Mn, 1.5-4% Si, the rest copper and usual impurities up to a total of 1%. All information is given in percent by weight.

Wesentlich für die Erfindung ist das Vorhandensein von ausreichend Silizium in Verbindung mit einem hohen Mangangehalt, wodurch es zu harten intermetallischen Phasen kommt, welche eine hohe Beständigkeit gegen reibenden Verschleiß besitzen.It is essential for the invention to have sufficient silicon in combination with a high manganese content, which leads to hard intermetallic phases which have a high resistance to abrasive wear.

Eine weitere Verbesserung der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumbronze ergibt sich dadurch, daß sie zusätzlich einen Gehalt von 5 - 9% Fe aufweist.A further improvement of the aluminum bronze according to the invention results from the fact that it additionally has a content of 5-9% Fe.

Eine Weiterbildung der erstgenannten Legierung weist einen Gehalt von 8 - 9 % Al, 12 - 13% Mn und 3 - 4% Si, Rest Kupfer und übliche Verunreinigungen bis insgesamt 1% auf.A further development of the first-mentioned alloy has a content of 8-9% Al, 12-13% Mn and 3-4% Si, the rest copper and usual impurities up to a total of 1%.

Eine Weiterbildung der zweitgenanntnen Legierung sieht vor, daß sie einen Gehalt von 8 - 9% Al, 7 - 8% Fe, 5 - 7% Mn und 3 - 4 % Si, Rest Kupfer und übliche Verunreinigungen bis insgesamt 1% aufweist.A further development of the second-named alloy provides that it has a content of 8-9% Al, 7-8% Fe, 5-7% Mn and 3-4% Si, the rest copper and usual impurities up to a total of 1%.

Mit Legierungen der vorgenannten Zusammensetzung lassen sich Verschleißfestigkeitswerte erzielen, welche ein mehrfaches jener von bisher üblichen Messingwerkstoffen für Synchronringe betragen. Der Reibungsbeiwert dieser Legierungen liegt zum Teil noch höher als jener der bekannten Werkstoffe, ist zumindest jedoch gleich. Durch die erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumbronzen wird daher ein erheblicher Fortschritt gegenüber den bisher bei Synchronringen verwendeten Messingwerkstoffen erzielt.With alloys of the aforementioned composition, wear resistance values can be achieved which are several times those of the brass materials previously used for synchronizer rings. The coefficient of friction of these alloys is sometimes even higher than that of the known materials, but is at least the same. The aluminum bronzes according to the invention therefore make considerable progress over the brass materials previously used in synchronizer rings.

Zur Verbesserung der Zerspanbarkeit wird als Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumbronze ein Zusatz bis zu 0,5% Blei vorgesehen.To improve the machinability, an addition of up to 0.5% lead is provided as a further development of the aluminum bronze according to the invention.

Nachfolgend werden beispielhaft vier im Versuch hergestellte Legierungen erläutert, eine davon betrifft den Typ MnSi, die drei anderen den Typ FeMnSi.Four alloys produced in the test are explained below by way of example, one of them relates to the MnSi type, the other three to the FeMnSi type.

Die erstgenannte Legierung weist einen Gehalt von 74,5% Cu, 8,8% Al, 12,5% Mn und 3,2% Si auf. Sie besitzt einen Verschleißwiderstand von 2680 km/g sowie einen Reibungsbeiwert von 0,115. Der angegebene Verschleißwiderstand ist definiert durch die Zahl der zurückgelegten Kilometer bis 1g Materialabtrag am Synchronring erfolgt ist.The former alloy contains 74.5% Cu, 8.8% Al, 12.5% Mn and 3.2% Si. It has a wear resistance of 2680 km / g and a coefficient of friction of 0.115. The specified wear resistance is defined by the number of kilometers traveled until 1g of material has been removed from the synchronizer ring.

Von den Legierungen des Typs FeMnSi weist eine erste Versuchslegierung eine Zusammensetzung von 75,4% Cu, 9,0% Al, 5,2% Fe, 7,1% Mn und 3,3% Si auf. Diese Legierung hat einen Verschleißwiderstand von 2950 km/g. Ihr Reibungsbeiwert beträgt 0,116.A first test alloy of the FeMnSi type alloys has a composition of 75.4% Cu, 9.0% Al, 5.2% Fe, 7.1% Mn and 3.3% Si. This alloy has a wear resistance of 2950 km / g. Their coefficient of friction is 0.116.

Die zweite Versuchslegierung des Typs FeMnSi besitzt einen Gehalt von 76,0% Cu, 8,2% Al, 7,2% Fe, 5,2% Mn und 3,1% Si. Ihr Verschleißwiderstand beträgt 2530 km/g, ihr Reibungsbeiwert 0,130.The second test alloy of the type FeMnSi has a content of 76.0% Cu, 8.2% Al, 7.2% Fe, 5.2% Mn and 3.1% Si. Their wear resistance is 2530 km / g, their coefficient of friction 0.130.

Eine dritte Versuchslegierung des Typs FeMnSi besitzt einen Gehalt von 83,6% Cu, 7,7% Al, 4,7% Fe, 2,5% Mn, 1,5% Si. Ihr Verschleißwiderstand beträgt 950 km/g, ihr Reibungsbeiwert 0,115.A third test alloy of the FeMnSi type has a content of 83.6% Cu, 7.7% Al, 4.7% Fe, 2.5% Mn, 1.5% Si. Their wear resistance is 950 km / g, their friction coefficient is 0.115.

Man erkennt, daß höhere Gehalte an Eisen, Mangan und Silizium vorteilhaft für einen hohen Verschleißwiderstand sind.It can be seen that higher levels of iron, manganese and silicon are advantageous for high wear resistance.

Diese Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen sind in Vergleich zu setzen mit den Eigenschaften derzeit am Markt befindlicher sehr guter Messinglegierungen für Synchronringe, bei denen der Verschleißwiderstand etwa 650 -700 km/g und der Reibungsbeiwert etwa 0,115 bis 0, 120 beträgt.These properties of the alloys according to the invention are to be compared with the properties of very good brass alloys for synchronizer rings currently on the market, in which the wear resistance is approximately 650-700 km / g and the coefficient of friction is approximately 0.115 to 0.120.

Wie schon erwähnt, ist Silizium für die Bildung der harten verschleißfesten intermetallischen Phasen verantwortlich. Es soll kein freies Silizium in der Lösung vorhanden, sondern durch Eisen und Mangan abgebunden sein. Eisen und Mangan begünstigen zudem die Aushärtungsvorgänge.As already mentioned, silicon is responsible for the formation of the hard wear-resistant intermetallic phases. There should be no free silicon in the solution, but should be bound by iron and manganese. Iron and manganese also promote the hardening process.

Diese vorbeschriebenen Legierungen wurden bei einer Gießtemperatur von 1120 bis 1180° C im Strang gegossen; anschließend erfolgt ein Abkühlen an Luft, wobei die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit unkritisch ist. Nach erneutem Aufheizen erfolgt eine Warmumformung durch Strangpressen bei Temperaturen von 800 bis 900° C und eine erneute Abkühlung an Luft. Schließlich wurde nach erneutem Aufheizen bei Temperaturen von 790 bis 890° C im Gesenk geschmiedet und die Legierung anschließend an Luft abgekühlt.These alloys described above were cast at a casting temperature of 1120 to 1180 ° C; This is followed by cooling in air, the cooling rate not being critical. After heating again, hot forming is carried out by extrusion at temperatures of 800 to 900 ° C and cooling again in air. Finally, after re-heating at a temperature of 790 to 890 ° C, the die was drop-forged and the alloy was then cooled in air.

Aluminiumbronzen eignen sich im Gegensatz zu Messinglegierungen für eine Aushärtung zur Festigkeitssteigerung; wenn eine solche gewünscht ist, kann man nach dem Schmieden der Legierung alternativ wie folgt vorgehen.

  • a) Es wird eine Homogenisierungsglühung bei 900° C während einer Stunde durchgeführt. Anschließend erfolgt ein Abschrecken, vorzugsweise im Wasser, und anschließend ein erneutes Anlassen bei einer Temperatur von 490° C während einer Zeit von einer Stunde und zum Schluß ein Abkühlen an Luft.
  • b) Unmittelbar auf die Abkühlphase nach dem Schmieden wird unter Weglassung der Homogenisierungsglühung sofort die Auslagerungsbehandlung bei einer Temperatur von 330° C während 6 Stunden oder alternativ bei 410° C während 3 Stunden begonnen, und anschließend die Abkühlung an Luft durchgeführt. Bei diesem Aushärtungsverfahren sind die Härtesteigerungen nicht ganz so groß wie im Falle des vorbeschriebenen Verfahrens, aufgrund des Wegfalls der Homogenisierungsglühung ist dieses Verfahren jedoch kostengünstiger.
In contrast to brass alloys, aluminum bronzes are suitable for hardening to increase strength; if desired, one can alternatively proceed as follows after forging the alloy.
  • a) Homogenization annealing is carried out at 900 ° C for one hour. This is followed by quenching, preferably in water, and then restarting at a temperature of 490 ° C. for one hour and finally cooling in air.
  • b) Immediately after the cooling phase after forging, with the omission of the homogenization annealing, the aging treatment is started immediately at a temperature of 330 ° C. for 6 hours or alternatively at 410 ° C. for 3 hours, and then the cooling is carried out in air. In this hardening process, the increases in hardness are not quite as great as in the case of the above-described process, but because of the elimination of the homogenization annealing, this process is less expensive.

Neben der Verringerung des Abtrags auf den Reibflächen der Synchronringe aufgrund des höheren Verschleißwiderstandes erfolgt auch aufgrund der höheren Festigkeit ein geringerer Verschleiß an den Sperrzähnen der Synchronringe.In addition to reducing the removal on the friction surfaces of the synchronizer rings due to the higher wear resistance, there is also less wear on the locking teeth of the synchronizer rings due to the higher strength.

Die Form der intermetallischen Phasen ist bei dem Legierungstyp MnSi mehr nadelig hingegen beim Legierungstyp FeMnSi mehr kugelig. Legierungen des Typs FeMnSi besitzen dementsprechend eine bessere Zähigkeit und Duktilität als Legierungen des Typs MnSi. Die Härtesteigerungen beider Legierungstypen durch die vorgenannten Wärmebehandlungen sind nicht ganz so hoch wie jene einer Aluminiumsbronze des Legierungstyps FeNiSi, der in einer Parallelanmeldung beschrieben ist.The shape of the intermetallic phases is more acicular in the MnSi alloy type and more spherical in the FeMnSi alloy type. Accordingly, alloys of the FeMnSi type have better toughness and ductility than alloys of the MnSi type. The increases in hardness of both alloy types by the aforementioned heat treatments are not quite as high as those of an aluminum bronze of the FeNiSi alloy type, which is described in a parallel application.

Claims (5)

Aluminiumbronze bestehend aus 7,5 - 10% Al, 5 - 14% Mn, 1,5 - 4% Si, Rest Kupfer und übliche Verunreinigungen bis insgesamt 1%, mit hoher Beständigkeit gegen Verschleiß und hohem Reibungsbeiwert, als Werkstoff für Synchronringe.Aluminum bronze consisting of 7.5 - 10% Al, 5 - 14% Mn, 1.5 - 4% Si, the rest copper and usual impurities up to 1% in total, with high resistance to wear and a high coefficient of friction, as a material for synchronizer rings. Aluminiumbronze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen Gehalt von 5 .- 9 % Fe aufweist.Aluminum bronze according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a content of 5-9% Fe. Aluminiumbronze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen Gehalt von 8 - 9% Al, 12 - 13% Mn und 3 - 4% Si, Rest Kupfer und übliche Verunreinigungen bis insgesamt 1% aufweist.Aluminum bronze according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a content of 8-9% Al, 12-13% Mn and 3-4% Si, balance copper and usual impurities up to a total of 1%. Aluminiumbronze nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen Gehalt von 8 - 9% Al, 7 - 8% Fe, 5 - 7% Mn und 3 - 4% Si, Rest Kupfer und übliche Verunreinigungen bis insgesamt 1 % aufweist.Aluminum bronze according to Claim 2, characterized in that it has a content of 8-9% Al, 7-8% Fe, 5-7% Mn and 3-4% Si, the rest copper and usual impurities up to a total of 1%. Aluminiumbronze nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bis zu 0,5% Pb zugegeben sind.Aluminum bronze according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that up to 0.5% Pb is added.
EP20020016597 2001-07-27 2002-07-25 Aluminum bronze with high wear resistance Expired - Fee Related EP1279748B1 (en)

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DE2001136787 DE10136787C2 (en) 2001-07-27 2001-07-27 aluminum Bronze
DE10136787 2001-07-27

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CN109321778A (en) * 2018-11-21 2019-02-12 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 A kind of wear-resisting aluminium bronze and preparation method thereof containing rare earth
WO2020006205A1 (en) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-02 Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. Copper-based hardfacing alloy
US11939646B2 (en) 2018-10-26 2024-03-26 Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. Corrosion and wear resistant nickel based alloys

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WO2020006205A1 (en) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-02 Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. Copper-based hardfacing alloy
JP2021529668A (en) * 2018-06-29 2021-11-04 エリコン メテコ（ユーエス）インコーポレイテッド Copper-based hard facing alloy
EP3814543B1 (en) * 2018-06-29 2024-05-15 Oerlikon Metco (US) Inc. Copper-based hardfacing alloy
US11939646B2 (en) 2018-10-26 2024-03-26 Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. Corrosion and wear resistant nickel based alloys
CN109321778A (en) * 2018-11-21 2019-02-12 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 A kind of wear-resisting aluminium bronze and preparation method thereof containing rare earth

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