EP1272906A1 - Dispositif d'echappement pour piece d'horlogerie - Google Patents
Dispositif d'echappement pour piece d'horlogerieInfo
- Publication number
- EP1272906A1 EP1272906A1 EP01907312A EP01907312A EP1272906A1 EP 1272906 A1 EP1272906 A1 EP 1272906A1 EP 01907312 A EP01907312 A EP 01907312A EP 01907312 A EP01907312 A EP 01907312A EP 1272906 A1 EP1272906 A1 EP 1272906A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pinion
- oscillator
- torque
- energy
- transmitted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04C5/00—Electric or magnetic means for converting oscillatory to rotary motion in time-pieces, i.e. electric or magnetic escapements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B15/00—Escapements
- G04B15/06—Free escapements
- G04B15/08—Lever escapements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B15/00—Escapements
- G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
- G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
- G04C3/042—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using mechanical coupling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust device for a timepiece.
- the exhaust device constitutes a master piece, being responsible on the one hand for delivering the energy necessary for the maintenance of the oscillating movement of the oscillator. mechanical, balance and hairspring, and on the other hand to transmit the oscillation frequency of the oscillator to the gear train causing the time display.
- the prior art concerning this type of device is therefore considerable,
- the manuals entitled “Exhausts and stepper motors” and “Clockwork theory”, ISBN 2-940025-10-X, both published by the Federation of Schools Swiss techniques describe many exhaust systems, in particular the so-called “anchor”, “detent” and “Graham” escapements.
- An object of the present invention is therefore to propose an escapement device for an improved timepiece relative to known devices, that is to say the known drawbacks of which have been at least partially reduced.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an exhaust device insensitive to external shocks and having no galloping phenomenon.
- Yet another object of the invention is to propose a timepiece provided with such an escapement device.
- FIG. 1 represents a block diagram of a mechanical watch
- FIG. 2 represents a first embodiment of an exhaust device according to the invention
- Figure 3 shows a detail of a locking device of the exhaust device of the previous figure
- Figure 4 shows a diagram of the mechanical torque transmitted
- the FIG. 5 represents a first embodiment of the means for producing a variable torque
- FIG. 6 represents a diagram of the magnetic torque transmitted
- FIG. 7 represents the intermediate transmission means
- FIG. 8 represents the release means
- the Figure 9 shows the energy transmission means
- Figure 10 shows a diagram of the resulting torque
- Figure 1 1 shows a second embodiment means for producing a variable torque
- FIG. 12 represents a second embodiment of an exhaust device according to the invention
- FIG. 13 represents a detail of the locking device of the exhaust device of FIG. 12
- FIG. 14 represents the means for releasing the exhaust device from FIG. 12
- Figure 1 5 shows the energy transmission means of the exhaust device of Figure 12
- Figure 16 shows another diagram of the mechanical torque transmitted
- Figure 17 shows another diagram of the magnetic torque transmitted.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic diagram of a mechanical watch in which the mechanical energy coming from a winding device, manual or automatic, is stored in a barrel spring 1 to be distributed through a set of cogs 2 to an exhaust device 3 and a display 4.
- the aim of the exhaust device 3 is, on the one hand, to deliver the energy necessary for the maintenance of the oscillations of the oscillator 5, generally comprising a spring hairspring and a mass of inertia, and on the other hand to transmit the frequency delivered by this oscillator to the train 2 in order to synchronize the time display with this frequency.
- a good exhaust system must not only have good transmission efficiency between the power source and the oscillator, but it must also preserve the isochronism of the oscillator. For this, the inertias linked to the exhaust device must be reduced to a minimum and the transfer of energy between the exhaust device and the oscillator must be done over a very short time, while the speed of the oscillator is Max.
- FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of an exhaust device 3 according to the invention comprising: a transmission wheel 30, driven by the set of cogs 2 seen above, locking means 31, means for producing a magnetic torque 32, intermediate transmission means 33, unlocking means 34 and energy transmission means 35. These different means are described in more detail below.
- FIG. 3 shows the transmission wheel 30 as well as the locking means 31.
- the transmission wheel 30 is driven in rotation from the barrel spring 1 via the cogs 2, being driven by a mechanical torque essentially of constant value.
- the shaft 300 supporting the transmission wheel 30 transmits the advance movement to the device display 4.
- the locking means 31 here consist of a shaped part or cam 310, mounted on the same shaft 333 as a pinion 330 forming part of the intermediate transmission means shown in more detail in FIG. 7, as well as pins 31 1 mounted projecting from the transmission wheel 30, perpendicular to the plane of said transmission wheel.
- the pins 31 1 are regularly distributed over a perimeter of said transmission wheel.
- the transmission wheel 30 comprises 10 pins 31 1, but it could include a different number as necessary.
- the shape and dimensions of the cam 310, as well as the diameter of the pins 31 1 as well as the diameter of the perimeter on which they are installed are determined so that when the cam 310, in simultaneous rotation with the pinion 330 driven by the transmission wheel 30, has one or other of its lateral faces 312 to the transmission wheel 30, the torque transmission can be done directly from the wheel 30 to the pinion 330.
- the torque transmission can be done directly from the wheel 30 to the pinion 330.
- it is an end face 313 which arrives opposite a pin 31 1 1 there is a blockage of this end face 313 of the cam 310 on the pin 31 1, with interruption of the transmitted torque.
- FIG. 4 shows the shape of the mechanical torque transmitted to the shaft 333 carrying the pinion 330 as a function of the angle of rotation of said pinion.
- the curve first presents a torque of constant value, until the cam 310 arrives in the blocking position, marked at A- ⁇ in the figure, where the transmitted torque is canceled.
- Unlocking means which will be described below then enable the device to be unlocked, then allowing the torque of constant value to be transmitted again until the next blocking, marked at A 2 , and so on.
- the locking means 31 described here cause two locking positions Ai and A 2 per revolution of the pinion 330, but they could just as easily be designed to cause a different number.
- FIG. 5 shows a preferred embodiment of means making it possible to obtain a variable torque as a function of the angle of rotation of the pinion 330.
- these means 32 are of magnetic type, comprising a stator 320 and a rotor 321 disposed inside said stator.
- the stator 320 consists of a ring of soft ferromagnetic material, having on its inner periphery two diametrically opposite cells 322.
- the rotor 321 consists of a permanent magnet of cylindrical shape, having a diametrical magnetization, represented by the arrow in the drawing.
- the rotor 321 is fixed on the same shaft 333 as the pinion 330 and the cam 310 described above.
- the presence of the cells 322 creates, during the rotation of the rotor 321, a magnetic torque exerted on said rotor, having an essentially sinusoidal shape as seen in FIG. 6.
- the rotor 321 is oriented so as to that its magnetization axis is parallel to the axis CC of Figure 5, respectively is perpendicular to the axis BB carrying the two cells 322, the rotor 321 is in a stable equilibrium position, a slight angular offset tending to bring the rotor to this stable position, while when the same rotor is oriented so that its magnetization axis is parallel to the axis BB, it is in an unstable equilibrium position, that is to say say that a slight angular offset tends to move the rotor even further from this unstable position.
- the stable angular positions are marked S on the curve of FIG. 6, they correspond to a zero crossing of the curve with a negative slope of the torque curve while the unstable angular positions are marked I on the same curve and correspond to a zero crossing with a positive slope of the torque curve.
- the intermediate transmission means 33 shown in FIG. 7 essentially comprise the pinion 330 already seen above as well as a second transmission wheel 331 mounted on a shaft 339. Recall that the shaft 333 carrying the pinion 330 also carries the cam 310 as well as the rotor 321.
- the intermediate transmission means 33 allow the combination of the different couples involved in the device.
- the release means 34 of Figure 8 are of known construction.
- the release pallet 340 is integral with the oscillator (not shown in the figure) and oscillates on the shaft 341. When it oscillates in an anti-clockwise direction, the tooth of the pallet 340 meets a tooth of the escape wheel 342, giving it a torque pulse clockwise.
- the escape wheel 342 being mounted on the same shaft 339 as the second transmission wheel 331 seen above, this torque pulse is therefore transmitted from this transmission wheel 331 to the pinion 330.
- FIG. 9 shows means 35 for transmitting energy to the oscillator of conventional construction, consisting of a transmission wheel 350 fixed on the same shaft 339 as the wheel 331 and the escape wheel 342, and a shaped part 351, mounted on the shaft 341 seen above and fixed to the balance spring (not shown).
- a transmission wheel 350 fixed on the same shaft 339 as the wheel 331 and the escape wheel 342, and a shaped part 351, mounted on the shaft 341 seen above and fixed to the balance spring (not shown).
- release means 34 and the energy transmission means 35 are of known construction and described here by way of exemplary embodiments; other devices fulfilling the same functions can therefore be provided as a replacement.
- the resulting torque on the pinion 330 consisting of the essentially constant torque transmitted by the wheel 30 and represented in FIG. 4 and the variable torque transmitted by the stator / magnetic rotor assembly and represented in FIG. 6, is represented in FIG. 10 .
- this pair comprises two stable positions for one revolution of the pinion 330, marked Si and S 2 in the figure, these two stable positions corresponding to the two positions blocking of Figure 4.
- These two stable positions Si and S 2 are defined as above by a zero crossing of the torque curve with a negative slope.
- the torque also includes two unstable positions for a revolution of the pinion 330, these positions being marked and l 2 , corresponding to the two release positions of FIG. 4. These two unstable positions ⁇ , and l 2 are defined as previously by passing through zero of the torque curve with a positive slope.
- FIG. 1 there is shown a second way to obtain a variable mechanical torque having two stable points and two unstable points per wheel revolution.
- a cam 323 is fixed on the same shaft 333 as the pinion 330 seen above; this cam having two concave portions and two convex portions.
- a spring lever 324, pivoting on one of its ends presses via a roller 325 on the periphery of the cam 323.
- the torque resulting from this device has a variable shape, with two stable points when the roller 325 is aligned with the axis CC and two unstable points when it is aligned with the axis BB. We therefore see that there are several possibilities of obtaining a variable mechanical torque having at least one stable point and one unstable point.
- FIG. 10 represents the shape of the mechanical torque exerted on the shaft 333 of the pinion 330 in the absence of contact with the oscillator as a function of the angle of rotation of said pinion, we can now describe in parallel the operation of the device as a function of time.
- the device After a first rotation, the device arrives in the blocking position, as described with reference to FIG. 3, and corresponding to point Si in FIG. 10. The device remains in this position for a duration Ti.
- the pinion 330 receives the unlocking pulse, as described with reference to FIG. 8, it passes from the position Si to the position of FIG. 10, this passage being effected for a very short time, called T 2 , less to the thousandth of a second. This duration should be as short as possible in order to disturb the oscillator only minimally.
- the resulting torque becoming positive supplies the oscillator, through the energy transmission means described, with the energy necessary for the oscillator for a duration T 3 of the order of a few thousandths of seconds , until the next blocking position S 2 -
- a mechanical oscillator has an oscillation frequency of a few Hz, typically 4 Hz.
- the period T corresponding to the sum of Ti + T 2 + T 3 is 250 ms.
- the unlocking means 34 give more than one impulse per period of oscillation, which causes the watch to advance in advance, called gallop here.
- FIG. 12 shows another embodiment of an exhaust device 3 according to the invention, by which the above-mentioned drawback is avoided.
- This embodiment of the exhaust device comprises, as previously, a transmission wheel 30 driven by all of the wheels 2 (see fig 1), locking means 31, means for producing a magnetic torque 32, intermediate transmission means 33, unlocking means 34 and energy transmission means 35, these various means being described below.
- FIG. 13 is composed of a toothed wheel 354 cooperating with the pinion 330.
- the toothed wheel 354 here has eight teeth of asymmetrical shape and is mounted on the same axis 300 and pivots with the transmission wheel 30 seen upper.
- the rest position represented in FIG. 13
- the end of the tooth 332 of the pinion 330 is rested on the right flank of an asymmetrical tooth of the wheel 354.
- the unlocking means 34 of this embodiment are visible in Figure 14.
- the release pallet 344 is integral with the oscillator (not shown in the figure) and oscillates on the shaft 341. During its movement of oscillation, the tooth 3441 of the pallet 344 alternately meets the teeth 3451 and 3452 of an intermediate piece 345 depending on whether the pallet 344 rotates anti-clockwise or clockwise.
- the oscillation movement of the intermediate piece 345 around the axis 3450 is limited by the pins 347 and 348.
- the impulse of release, from the balance, is transmitted to the pallet 346, mounted on the same axis 333 and pivoting with the pinion 330 seen above, currently blocked.
- FIG. 15 shows another embodiment of the energy transmission means 35; these means operating in a similar fashion to those described with reference to FIG. 9.
- the means for producing a variable magnetic torque 32 as a function of time are similar to those described with regard to FIG. 5.
- FIG. 16 shows another diagram of the torque transmitted by an exhaust device. As before, this couple is superimposed on that produced by the magnet to obtain that shown in FIG. 17.
- An exhaust device intended to operate according to these diagrams comprises blocking means having two stable positions by alternating oscillation, in other words four stable positions per period, which represents another way of avoiding the galloping phenomenon mentioned above. .
- the inertia of said rotating parts is significantly lower, • the energy required for unlocking is lower; more this release is not generally accompanied by a backward movement as in the known anchor escapements, • thanks to the variable shape of the torque curve, sinusoidal in the embodiments described, there is a maximum of torque just after the unlocking position, causing the maximum energy to be transmitted immediately after the unlocking, ie over a limited oscillation angle of the oscillator, when the latter is at its maximum speed; in this way, the isochronism of the oscillator is preserved as much as possible,
- the transmission wheels have conventional profiles with transmission efficiencies of the order of 90%. • Some of the movement transmissions are made by cogwheels, they do not require as frequent oiling as conventional transmissions.
- An escapement device as described according to one or other of its embodiments can easily be installed in a timepiece, particularly in a wristwatch given the small diameter of the constituent parts of said device.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH727002000 | 2000-04-11 | ||
CH7272000 | 2000-04-11 | ||
CH13322000 | 2000-07-06 | ||
PCT/CH2001/000148 WO2001077759A1 (fr) | 2000-04-11 | 2001-03-07 | Dispositif d'echappement pour piece d'horlogerie |
CH133200 | 2006-09-29 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1272906A1 true EP1272906A1 (fr) | 2003-01-08 |
EP1272906B1 EP1272906B1 (fr) | 2008-10-01 |
Family
ID=25738141
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01907312A Expired - Lifetime EP1272906B1 (fr) | 2000-04-11 | 2001-03-07 | Dispositif d'echappement pour piece d'horlogerie |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6712500B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1272906B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2003530560A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1244029C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE409895T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2001235314A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60135977D1 (fr) |
HK (1) | HK1054796A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001077759A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU2003238329A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 | 2004-02-02 | Detra Sa | Escapement device |
DE602004023471D1 (de) * | 2003-05-30 | 2009-11-19 | Seiko Epson Corp | Multifunktionsuhr |
EP1770452A1 (fr) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-04 | Peter Baumberger | Echappement à detente pour pièce d'horlogerie |
CH697273B1 (fr) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-07-31 | Detra Sa | Dispositif d'échappement électromécanique et pièce d'horlogerie munie d'un tel dispositif |
ATE449985T1 (de) * | 2007-04-18 | 2009-12-15 | Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse | Hemmung, die zwei hemmungsräder umfasst |
US9052694B2 (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2015-06-09 | Detra Sa | Escapement device for timepiece |
EP2784602B1 (fr) | 2013-03-26 | 2018-12-05 | Montres Breguet SA | Arbre de mobile à géométrie optimisée en environnement magnétique |
EP2784601B1 (fr) | 2013-03-26 | 2017-09-13 | Montres Breguet SA | Arbre de mobile pivotant d'horlogerie |
EP3244094B1 (fr) * | 2016-05-12 | 2023-08-16 | Rolex Sa | Roue d'engrenage pour mouvement horloger |
EP3273308B1 (fr) * | 2016-07-18 | 2019-06-12 | Sowind S.A. | Mecanisme d'echappement |
EP3312681B1 (fr) | 2016-10-19 | 2020-01-29 | Montres Breguet S.A. | Mouvement horloger comportant un dispositif d'égalisation d'un couple moteur |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH541960A4 (fr) | 1960-05-09 | 1963-01-31 | ||
FR1522609A (fr) | 1967-04-04 | 1968-04-26 | Suwa Seikosha Kk | Montre électrique |
GB1338084A (en) * | 1969-11-15 | 1973-11-21 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Magnetic escapement |
DE2312412C2 (de) * | 1973-03-13 | 1979-03-15 | Eurosil Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Verfahren zur Synchronisation eines elektrodynamischen Uhrenantriebs |
US3892066A (en) * | 1974-02-27 | 1975-07-01 | Microna Inc | Synchronized watch movement |
US5025428A (en) * | 1990-12-17 | 1991-06-18 | Wit Jarochowski | Electromagnetic escapement for mechanically driven watch or clock |
-
2001
- 2001-03-07 AT AT01907312T patent/ATE409895T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-07 DE DE60135977T patent/DE60135977D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-07 CN CN01807932.6A patent/CN1244029C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-07 EP EP01907312A patent/EP1272906B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-07 WO PCT/CH2001/000148 patent/WO2001077759A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2001-03-07 JP JP2001574550A patent/JP2003530560A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-03-07 AU AU2001235314A patent/AU2001235314A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-07 US US10/257,100 patent/US6712500B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-09-26 HK HK03106963A patent/HK1054796A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0177759A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2001077759A1 (fr) | 2001-10-18 |
CN1422397A (zh) | 2003-06-04 |
JP2003530560A (ja) | 2003-10-14 |
DE60135977D1 (de) | 2008-11-13 |
HK1054796A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 |
US6712500B2 (en) | 2004-03-30 |
EP1272906B1 (fr) | 2008-10-01 |
ATE409895T1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
US20030090962A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
AU2001235314A1 (en) | 2001-10-23 |
CN1244029C (zh) | 2006-03-01 |
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