EP1271075A1 - Method and apparatus for generating cold - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for generating cold Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1271075A1
EP1271075A1 EP02012634A EP02012634A EP1271075A1 EP 1271075 A1 EP1271075 A1 EP 1271075A1 EP 02012634 A EP02012634 A EP 02012634A EP 02012634 A EP02012634 A EP 02012634A EP 1271075 A1 EP1271075 A1 EP 1271075A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nitrogen
cold
compressor
evaporated
heat exchanger
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Granted
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EP02012634A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1271075B1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Clausen
Robert Sebastianutto
Bruno Dr. Ziegler
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for providing cold by evaporating liquid nitrogen at subatmospheric pressure and then warming up and compressing the vaporized nitrogen.
  • the invention further relates to a device for providing cold by evaporation of liquid nitrogen at subatmospheric pressure and then Warming up and compressing the vaporized nitrogen, with a relaxation or Dosing device that relaxes or doses the liquid nitrogen serves, a container into which the relaxed nitrogen is fed and out of the cold at least one (cold) consumer is discharged, a heat exchanger that the Heating of the evaporated nitrogen is used, and a compressor, which the Compression of the vaporized nitrogen is used.
  • Generic methods and devices for the provision of cold are for example for open and closed cooling processes, which are the cooling of High temperature superconducting components are used.
  • the one to be cooled Component is either integrated directly into the aforementioned container or supplied with cold from this container via a secondary circuit.
  • Another option is to add nitrogen at subatmospheric pressure evaporate, warm to about ambient temperature and then on compress atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows such a process, which is part of the prior art.
  • an expansion or Dosing device which is preferably an expansion valve 2, relaxed and fed to a container 3.
  • a gas phase a forms in this as well as a liquid phase b, because the delivery of cooling power to the Container supplied liquid nitrogen is evaporated.
  • Vaporized via line 4 Nitrogen drawn out of the container 3 and after heating up Ambient temperature in the heat exchanger 5 by means of the compressor 6 atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure. Warming up the evaporated nitrogen in the heat exchanger 5 is preferably counter Ambient air, water, or the like or by means of electrical heating.
  • the object of the present invention is a generic method and a Specify generic device for cold supply, the or energetic and apparatus advantages over the previously described process for Provides refrigeration by evaporating liquid nitrogen.
  • this object is achieved in that the vaporized nitrogen is first compressed and then warmed up if necessary.
  • the compressor is, according to the invention, the heat exchanger upstream.
  • compressors 6 ' One or more so-called cold compressors are used as compressors 6 '. According to the invention, the compression is now carried out directly at the Boiling point of nitrogen instead of at ambient temperature.
  • radial compressors are used as cold compressors Applications specially designed for use at very low temperatures.
  • FIG. 3 shows a procedure that differs from that shown in FIG. 2 explained distinguished by the fact that an additional heat exchanger 7, the cold compressor 6 'is connected upstream, is provided.
  • This heat exchanger 7 is used the supercooling of the liquid nitrogen in line 1 by the, from which Container 3 drawn off, evaporated nitrogen, which is thereby slightly warmed.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention lead to a reduction in the drive power of the compressor 6, since the compression at lower Temperature.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention for Providing cold thus simplifies the process, one Cost reduction, an increase in process efficiency and one Improve operational security and availability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves evaporating liquid nitrogen at sub-atmospheric pressure and finally heating and compressing the evaporated nitrogen. The evaporated nitrogen is first compressed and finally heated if appropriate. The evaporated nitrogen is compressed by a so-called cold compressor. AN Independent claim is also included for the following: a refrigeration arrangement.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Kältebereitstellung durch Verdampfen von flüssigem Stickstoff bei subatmosphärischem Druck und anschließendem Anwärmen und Verdichten des verdampften Stickstoffes.The invention relates to a method for providing cold by evaporating liquid nitrogen at subatmospheric pressure and then warming up and compressing the vaporized nitrogen.

Ferner betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Kältebereitstellung durch Verdampfen von flüssigem Stickstoff bei subatmosphärischem Druck und anschließendem Anwärmen und Verdichten des verdampften Stickstoffes, mit einem Entspannungsoder Dosierorgan, das der Entspannung oder Dosierung des flüssigen Stickstoffes dient, einem Behälter, in den der entspannte Stickstoff geführt und aus dem Kälte an wenigstens einen (Kälte)Verbraucher abgeführt wird, einem Wärmetauscher, der der Anwärmung des verdampften Stickstoffes dient, und einem Verdichter, der der Verdichtung des verdampften Stickstoffes dient.The invention further relates to a device for providing cold by evaporation of liquid nitrogen at subatmospheric pressure and then Warming up and compressing the vaporized nitrogen, with a relaxation or Dosing device that relaxes or doses the liquid nitrogen serves, a container into which the relaxed nitrogen is fed and out of the cold at least one (cold) consumer is discharged, a heat exchanger that the Heating of the evaporated nitrogen is used, and a compressor, which the Compression of the vaporized nitrogen is used.

Gattungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. Vorrichtungen zur Kältebereitstellung werden beispielsweise für offene und geschlossene Kälteprozesse, die der Kühlung von Hochtemperatur-Supraleitenden-Komponenten dienen, verwendet. Die zu kühlende Komponente wird dabei entweder direkt in den vorgenannten Behälter integriert oder über einen Sekundärkreislauf aus diesem Behälter mit Kälte versorgt.Generic methods and devices for the provision of cold are for example for open and closed cooling processes, which are the cooling of High temperature superconducting components are used. The one to be cooled Component is either integrated directly into the aforementioned container or supplied with cold from this container via a secondary circuit.

Prinzipiell gibt es zwei Möglichkeiten, Temperaturen unterhalb des Siedepunktes von Stickstoff zu erreichen. So kann ein Kältemittel, das einen niedrigen Siedepunkt als der Stickstoff selbst aufweist, verwendet werden; als Kältemittel kommen in diesem Fall beispielsweise Neon oder Helium zur Anwendung.In principle there are two options, temperatures below the boiling point of To achieve nitrogen. So a refrigerant that has a lower boiling point than that Nitrogen itself has to be used; come as a refrigerant in this case for example neon or helium.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, Stickstoff bei subatmosphärischem Druck zu verdampfen, auf etwa Umgebungstemperatur anzuwärmen und anschließend auf atmosphärischen oder überatmosphärischen Druck zu verdichten.Another option is to add nitrogen at subatmospheric pressure evaporate, warm to about ambient temperature and then on compress atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure.

Die Figur 1 zeigt schematisch einen derartigen, zum Stand der Technik zählenden Prozess. FIG. 1 schematically shows such a process, which is part of the prior art.

Hierbei wird über Leitung 1 verflüssigter Stickstoff in einer Expansions- oder Dosiervorrichtung, bei der es sich vorzugsweise um ein Expansionsventil 2 handelt, entspannt und einem Behälter 3 zugeführt. In diesem bildet sich eine Gasphase a sowie eine Flüssigphase b aus, da durch die Abgabe von Kälteleistung der dem Behälter zugeführte flüssige Stickstoff verdampft wird. Über Leitung 4 wird verdampfter Stickstoff aus dem Behälter 3 abgezogen und nach einer Anwärmung auf Umgebungstemperatur im Wärmetauscher 5 mittels des Verdichters 6 auf atmosphärischen oder überatmosphärischen Druck verdichtet. Die Anwärmung des verdampften Stickstoffes im Wärmetauscher 5 erfolgt vorzugsweise gegen Umgebungsluft, Wasser, o. ä. oder mittels einer elektrischen Beheizung.Here is liquefied nitrogen via line 1 in an expansion or Dosing device, which is preferably an expansion valve 2, relaxed and fed to a container 3. A gas phase a forms in this as well as a liquid phase b, because the delivery of cooling power to the Container supplied liquid nitrogen is evaporated. Vaporized via line 4 Nitrogen drawn out of the container 3 and after heating up Ambient temperature in the heat exchanger 5 by means of the compressor 6 atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure. Warming up the evaporated nitrogen in the heat exchanger 5 is preferably counter Ambient air, water, or the like or by means of electrical heating.

Als Verdichter kommen bei dieser Verfahrensweise handelsübliche Vakuumpumpen oder Kompressoren zum Einsatz.Commercially available vacuum pumps are used as compressors in this procedure or compressors.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren sowie eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Kältebereitstellung anzugeben, das bzw. die energetische und apparative Vorteile gegenüber dem vorbeschriebenen Prozess zur Kältebereitstellung durch Verdampfen von flüssigem Stickstoff aufweist.The object of the present invention is a generic method and a Specify generic device for cold supply, the or energetic and apparatus advantages over the previously described process for Provides refrigeration by evaporating liquid nitrogen.

Verfahrensmäßig wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass der verdampfte Stickstoff zunächst verdichtet und anschließend ggf. angewärmt wird.In procedural terms, this object is achieved in that the vaporized nitrogen is first compressed and then warmed up if necessary.

Vorrichtungsseitig ist dazu der Verdichter erfindungsgemäß dem Wärmetauscher vorgeschaltet.On the device side, the compressor is, according to the invention, the heat exchanger upstream.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sowie die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Kältebereitstellung durch Verdampfen von flüssigem Stickstoff - sowie weitere Ausgestaltungen des- bzw. derselben - seien anhand der in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.The inventive method and the inventive device for Provision of cold by evaporating liquid nitrogen - and others Embodiments of the same or the same - are based on that in FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrated embodiments explained in more detail.

Im Gegensatz zu dem anhand des in der Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles beschriebenen Prozesses wird - wie in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellt - der aus dem Behälter 3 abgezogene verdampfte Stickstoff nunmehr nicht erst (auf Umgebungstemperatur) angewärmt, sondern erfindungsgemäß zunächst verdichtet und erst anschließend im Wärmetauscher 5' (auf Umgebungstemperatur) angewärmt. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 described process is - as shown in Figures 2 and 3 - the from Container 3 drawn off evaporated nitrogen now only (on Ambient temperature) warmed, but initially compressed according to the invention and only then warmed up in the heat exchanger 5 '(to ambient temperature).

Als Verdichter 6' kommen hierbei ein oder mehrere sog. kalte Verdichter zum Einsatz. Die Verdichtung erfolgt erfindungsgemäß nunmehr unmittelbar bei der Siedetemperatur des Stickstoffes anstatt bei Umgebungstemperatur.One or more so-called cold compressors are used as compressors 6 '. According to the invention, the compression is now carried out directly at the Boiling point of nitrogen instead of at ambient temperature.

Als kalte Verdichter kommen beispielsweise Turboverdichter radialer Bauart zur Anwendung, die speziell für den Einsatz bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen konzipiert sind.For example, radial compressors are used as cold compressors Applications specially designed for use at very low temperatures.

In der Figur 3 ist eine Verfahrensweise dargestellt, die sich von der anhand der Figur 2 erläuterten dadurch unterscheidet, dass ein zusätzlicher Wärmetauscher 7, der dem kalten Verdichter 6' vorgeschaltet ist, vorgesehen wird. Dieser Wärmetauscher 7 dient der Unterkühlung des flüssigen Stickstoffes in der Leitung 1 durch den, aus dem Behälter 3 abgezogenen, verdampften Stickstoff, der dadurch leicht angewärmt wird.FIG. 3 shows a procedure that differs from that shown in FIG. 2 explained distinguished by the fact that an additional heat exchanger 7, the cold compressor 6 'is connected upstream, is provided. This heat exchanger 7 is used the supercooling of the liquid nitrogen in line 1 by the, from which Container 3 drawn off, evaporated nitrogen, which is thereby slightly warmed.

Der derart im Wärmetauscher 7 unterkühlte Stickstoff wird anschließend über Leitung 1' dem Expansionsventil 2 zugeführt.The nitrogen thus supercooled in the heat exchanger 7 is then piped 1 'supplied to the expansion valve 2.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung führen zu einer Verringerung der Antriebsleistung des Verdichters 6, da die Verdichtung bei tiefer Temperatur erfolgt. Bei offenen Prozessen kann zudem der Wärmetauscher 5' kleiner ausgeführt oder auch ganz weggelassen werden werden.The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention lead to a reduction in the drive power of the compressor 6, since the compression at lower Temperature. In the case of open processes, the heat exchanger 5 'can also be smaller be carried out or omitted entirely.

Ferner werden für die Verdichtung des unter subatmosphärischem Druck vorliegenden Stickstoffes dank der niedrigeren Saugtemperatur - und damit höheren Dichte - kleinere Verdichter benötigt.Furthermore, for the compression of the present under subatmospheric pressure Nitrogen thanks to the lower suction temperature - and thus higher density - smaller compressors needed.

Des Weiteren müssen nunmehr weniger Apparate, Instrumente, etc. bei subatmosphärischem Druck betrieben werden, wodurch die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Verunreinigung des Prozessgases durch Leckagen verringert wird, was insbesondere im Falle eines geschlossenen Prozesses von Bedeutung ist.Furthermore, fewer devices, instruments, etc. are now required be operated subatmospheric pressure, reducing the probability of Contamination of the process gas due to leakage is reduced, which in particular is important in the case of a closed process.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Kältebereitstellung führen somit zu einer Vereinfachung des Prozesses, einer Kostenreduzierung, einer Erhöhung des Prozesswirkungsgrades und einer Verbesserung der Betriebssicherheit sowie der Verfügbarkeit.The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention for Providing cold thus simplifies the process, one Cost reduction, an increase in process efficiency and one Improve operational security and availability.

Claims (6)

Verfahren zur Kältebereitstellung durch Verdampfen von flüssigem Stickstoff bei subatmosphärischen Druck und anschließendem Anwärmen und Verdichten des verdampften Stickstoffes, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der verdampfte Stickstoff zunächst verdichtet und anschließend ggf. angewärmt wird.Process for the provision of cold by evaporating liquid nitrogen at subatmospheric pressure and then heating and compressing the evaporated nitrogen, characterized in that the evaporated nitrogen is first compressed and then optionally warmed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der verdampfte Stickstoff vor seiner Verdichtung zur Unterkühlung des flüssigen Stickstoffes verwendet wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vaporized nitrogen is used to supercool the liquid nitrogen before it is compressed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verdichtung des verdampften Stickstoffes mittels eines oder mehrerer sog. kalter Verdichter erfolgt.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compression of the vaporized nitrogen is carried out by means of one or more so-called cold compressors. Vorrichtung zur Kältebereitstellung durch Verdampfen von flüssigem Stickstoff bei subatmosphärischen Druck und anschließendem Anwärmen und Verdichten des verdampften Stickstoffes, mit einem Entspannungs- oder Dosierorgan (2), das der Entspannung oder Dosierung des flüssigen Stickstoffes dient, einem Behälter (3), in den der entspannte Stickstoff geführt und aus dem Kälte an wenigstens einen (Kälte)Verbraucher abgeführt wird, einem Wärmetauscher (5, 5'), der der Unterkühlung des flüssigen und der Anwärmung des verdampften Stickstoffes dient, und einem Verdichter (6), der der Verdichtung des verdampften Stickstoffes dient, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdichter (6') dem Wärmetauscher (5') vorgeschaltet ist, der Wärmetauscher (5') nicht vorgesehen ist oder mittels einer By-pass-Leitung umgehbar ist.Device for providing cold by evaporating liquid nitrogen at subatmospheric pressure and then heating and compressing the evaporated nitrogen, with a relaxation or metering element (2), which serves to relax or meter the liquid nitrogen, a container (3) into which the relaxed Nitrogen guided and from the cold is discharged to at least one (cold) consumer, a heat exchanger (5, 5 '), which serves to subcool the liquid and heat the evaporated nitrogen, and a compressor (6), which compresses the evaporated Nitrogen serves, characterized in that the compressor (6 ') is connected upstream of the heat exchanger (5'), the heat exchanger (5 ') is not provided or can be bypassed by means of a by-pass line. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Verdichter (6') ein Wärmetauscher (7), der dem Wärmetausch mit dem flüssigen Stickstoff dient, vorgeschaltet ist.Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the compressor (6 ') is preceded by a heat exchanger (7) which serves for the heat exchange with the liquid nitrogen. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdichter (6') als sog. kalter Verdichter ausgebildet ist.Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the compressor (6 ') is designed as a so-called cold compressor.
EP02012634A 2001-06-20 2002-06-06 Method and apparatus for generating cold Expired - Lifetime EP1271075B1 (en)

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DE10129780 2001-06-20
DE10129780A DE10129780A1 (en) 2001-06-20 2001-06-20 Method and device for providing cold

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WO2008009681A1 (en) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-24 Mdi - Motor Development International S.A. Ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine
EP2515057A1 (en) * 2011-04-20 2012-10-24 Messer Group GmbH Method and device for regulating the temperature of a fluid medium

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US7621148B1 (en) 2007-08-07 2009-11-24 Dain John F Ultra-low temperature bio-sample storage system
US7823394B2 (en) * 2007-11-02 2010-11-02 Reflect Scientific, Inc. Thermal insulation technique for ultra low temperature cryogenic processor
DE102011010121B4 (en) * 2011-02-02 2016-09-01 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Walk-in cooling system, in particular for the cryopreservation of biological samples, and method for their operation
CN107830651B (en) * 2017-10-20 2020-04-10 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Low-temperature refrigerating system

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EP2515057A1 (en) * 2011-04-20 2012-10-24 Messer Group GmbH Method and device for regulating the temperature of a fluid medium

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DE10129780A1 (en) 2003-01-02
US20030024251A1 (en) 2003-02-06
ATE390608T1 (en) 2008-04-15
JP2003097859A (en) 2003-04-03
EP1271075B1 (en) 2008-03-26
US6619047B2 (en) 2003-09-16
DE50211946D1 (en) 2008-05-08

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