EP1270816B1 - Paving element - Google Patents

Abstract

The concrete cobblestone (21) has flat and parallel upper (12) and lower sides, with rounded and vertical side edges (19). A ribbon-shaped side surface (18) is around the cobblestone, composed of part side surfaces (14-17). At the rounded corners (22a-22d), the side surface is defined by two curves (26,27,30,31) against each other, with a radius (R) which reduces towards the opposing curve continuously, or in small steps. They transit into each other at a continuous contact point (P6,P9).

Description

The invention relates to a paving stone after Preamble of claim 1.

From DE 82 35 649 U1 a paving stone is known, the Having frontal rounding, which in plan view through a circular arc are defined. In such a Rounding creates a relatively large gusset, which occurs during Encounter with gussets of adjacent paving stones at a larger radius on the accessibility disadvantageous effect. Under gusset one understands that surface, around which the stone surface through the execution of the rounding is reduced compared to a square execution. Farther It is known from DE 33 25 752 C2 by a training the rounding off as a curve, the one constantly has decreasing radius of curvature, the resulting Gusset surface in relation to the one described above to reduce the circular arc-shaped rounding. this leads to however, to a rounding towards a side surface is formed approximately angular and thus to a square, angular appearance and asymmetrical Gusset area.

It is an object of the invention to a paving stone develop, which is a natural, not edgy Appearance and at the same time as possible has small gussets to ensure good accessibility guarantee.

This task is based on the characteristics of the The preamble of claim 1 by the characterizing Characteristics of claim 1 solved. In the subclaims are indicated advantageous and expedient developments.

The paving stone according to the invention has partial side surfaces on, which in the area of at least one rounded vertical side edge in plan view curved into each other pass over, passing through two consecutive tapered curves is defined whose radius to each continuous curve steadily and / or in small steps decreases, with the converging curves in the Touch point largely constantly merge into each other. Such a trained corner area has opposite to in Top view through a circular arc defined rounding one smaller gusset up. This means the area of the The top of the paving stone is opposite the surface of the paving stone Top of a square paving stone, which is the same Main dimensions, only slightly smaller. On the other hand results from such a design yet a soft, rounded and largely symmetrical appearance of the corner area. Consequently creates a natural, round and organic Appearance, without large gussets and thus one limited quality of accessibility to accept have to.

Furthermore, for a curve whose radius of curvature is steadily and / or in small increments, the term "Clothoid" related, without doing similar curves to rule out which of the exact mathematical definition the clothoid is not enough. Under the term "Doppelklothoide" is a curve in the context of the invention understood, which by two converging Clothoid is formed in the meeting place without kink merge into each other, the curvature of both curves to Meeting point increases.

An advantageous embodiment of the subject invention sees before, at least two opposite ones Partial side surfaces form contact surfaces, the partially flat and parallel to each other are aligned. This is despite the in plan view rounded and organic appearance of the Paving stone an exact laying of paving stones possible to each other.

According to a particular embodiment of the Subject of the invention is provided, the other Transition areas between partial side surfaces with a Rounding out, in top view, by a clothoid and / or a circular arc is limited. By such different design of individual corner areas leaves itself, the natural appearance of the paving stone vary.

Furthermore, it is provided, the paving stone execute with a top or bottom, which in plan view has at least three corner areas. This is it possible, with the same conceptual structure of Paving stones to achieve a variety of installation patterns.

A modification of the subject invention provides, to at least one vertical side edge two Partial side surfaces at an angle of about 90 ° lead to each other and an angular corner area train. Such a stone is in particular to Connecting to a surface or wall with straighter Connection edge suitable.

An expedient embodiment of the subject invention provides four rounded verticals on a paving stone Form side edges, at least two of which are diagonal opposite, vertical side edges by a Double clothoids are defined. This gets the Double clothoids have a determining influence on the Laying a designed with such paving stones Area.

Furthermore, it is provided, the top and / or Base of paving stone with a smooth and / or roughened or wavy and / or spherical or crowned, convex or concave arched surface to provide. By such a design of the visible surfaces is possible, in cooperation with the inventive Corner areas influence on the appearance of the installation pattern to take.

Further details of the invention are shown in the drawing based on schematically illustrated embodiments described.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung unterschiedlicher Eckbereiche in Draufsicht auf einen Pflasterstein,

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Pflastersteins,

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht auf einen weiteren Pflasterstein,

Fig. 4

eine Draufsicht auf einen weiteren Pflasterstein,

Fig. 5

eine Draufsicht auf einen weiteren Pflasterstein,

Fig. 6

eine Draufsicht auf einen weiteren Pflasterstein,

Fig. 7

eine Draufsicht auf einen weiteren Pflasterstein und

Fig. 8

eine ausschnittsweise Seitenansicht des in Fig. 7 dargestellten Pflastersteins aus einer Pfeilrichtung VIII.

Hereby shows:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of different corner areas in plan view of a paving stone,

Fig. 2

a perspective view of a paving stone,

Fig. 3

a top view of another paving stone,

Fig. 4

a top view of another paving stone,

Fig. 5

a top view of another paving stone,

Fig. 6

a top view of another paving stone,

Fig. 7

a plan view of another paving stone and

Fig. 8

a partial side view of the paving stone shown in Fig. 7 from an arrow VIII.

In Fig. 1, a corner region of a paving stone 1 is shown in four different versions. To explain the differences between the known Eckausführungen 2 (circular arc 3, Einzelklothoide 4, level 5) and a Eckausführung invention 6 (Doppelklothoide 7). A surface A of the paving stone 1 with the step 5 as a corner design 2 is reduced by the circular arc 3 about a gusset surface A _KB . The gusset area A _KB is limited by the circular arc 3 and side edges 8, 9. A gusset surface A _EK , through which the surface A is reduced by the Einzelklothoide 4 in a corner region formed, is defined by the Einzelklothoide 4 and the side edges 8, 9. A further gusset surface A _DK , which reduces the surface A when the corner region is formed by the double clothoids 7, is delimited by the double clothoids 7 and the side edges 8, 9. For the gusset surfaces, A _DK ≈ AE _K <A _KB applies. The circular arc 3 and the double clothoids 7 have common starting points P ₁ , P ₂ . The Einzelklothoide 4 has with the arc 3 and the Doppelklothoide 7 only the starting point P _{1 in} common, since it is not possible to place the Einzelklothoide 4 between two points P ₁ , P ₂ , which have the same distance a from a corner 10. The Einzelklothoide 4 goes in a point P ₃ in the side edge 9 on. Prerequisite for a comparability of the Eckausführungen 2, 6 is the tangential transition of the circular arc 3, the Einzelklothoide 4 and the Doppelklothoide 7 in the side edges 8, 9 at identical points P ₁ , P ₂ , the specific course of the Einzelklothoide 4 the exception described above forces.

Fig. 2 shows a paving stone 11 in accordance with the invention schematic, simplified perspective view. The paving stone 11 has a top 12, a bottom 13 and partial side surfaces 14, 15, 16, 17. The Partial side surfaces 14, 15, 16, 17 form a circumferential Side surface 18, wherein the partial side surfaces 14, 15, 16, 17 at imaginary vertical edges 19 merge into each other. to Top 12 and bottom 13 forms the circumferential Side surface 18 horizontal edges 20 off.

3 shows a plan view of a paving stone 21. In the region of vertical edges 19, this has four corner regions 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d. In the corner region 22a, the transition of a partial side surface 14 of a peripheral side surface 18 into a partial side surface 15 is defined by a single clothoid 4 extending in the direction of the arrow x ₁ . For three radii R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ applied to the individual clothoids 4, R ₁ > R ₂ > R ₃ . For example, R ₁ = 49 mm, R ₂ = 18 mm and R ₃ = 5 mm. The Einzelklothoide 4 is tangential in a point P ₄ in the partial side surface 14 on. At a point P ₅ , the Einzelklothoide 4 is tangential in the partial side surface 15 over. To a corner 23a in which the partial side surfaces 14, 15 intersect theoretically, the point P _{4 has} a distance l ₁ and the point P ₅ a distance l ₂ . For comparison, a circular arc 24a is shown with a radius R ₄ , which runs between the points P ₄ , P ₅ . Theoretically R ₄ = 31 mm. A corner region 22b of the paving stone 21, in which the partial side surface 15 merges into a partial side surface 16, is formed by a double clothoid 25. The Doppelklothoide 25 consists of two clothoids 26, 27, which meet in a meeting point P ₆ and largely tangentially merge into each other. The point P ₆ is traversed by the vertical side edge 19, which extends perpendicularly in the plane of the drawing and defines the transition from the partial side surface 15 into the partial side surface 16. The clothoid 26 extends in the direction of the arrow x ₁ from a point P ₇ to the point P ₆ . The clothoid 27 extends in the direction of arrow x ₂ from a point P ₈ to the meeting point P ₆ . At an imaginary point of intersection 23b of the partial side surfaces 15, 16, the point P _{7 has} a distance l ₃ and the point P ₈ a distance l ₄ . To the clothoid 26 radii R ₅ = 98 mm> R ₆ = 35 mm are applied. To the clothoid 27 radii R ₇ = 98 mm> R ₈ = 35 mm are applied. For comparison, the points P ₇ , P _{8 are} connected by a circular arc 24 b, which has a radius R ₉ = 50 mm, wherein the radius R ₉ corresponds to the larger of the two distances l ₃ , l ₄ . A corner region 22c, in which the partial side surface 16 merges into a partial side surface 17, is formed by a Einzelklothoide 28 which extends in the direction of arrow x ₁ and the Einzelklothoide 4 diagonally opposite. To the Einzelklothoide 28 radii R ₁₀ to R _{13 are} applied, where R ₁₀ = 125 mm> R ₁₁ = 40 mm> R ₁₂ = 16 mm> R ₁₃ = 10 mm. In a fourth corner region 22d, the partial side surface 17 merges into the partial side surface 14. This transition is defined by another double clothoid 29 which is diagonally opposite the double clothoid 25. The double clothoid 29 consists of a clothoid 30, which extends in the direction of arrow x ₁ and a clothoid 31, which runs in the direction of arrow x ₂ . The clothoids 30, 31 meet at a meeting point P ₉ each other. At point P ₉ , the double clothoid 29 has a curvature which is defined by a radius R ₁₆ = 16 mm. To the clothoid 30 is still a radius R ₁₄ = 40 mm applied. A radius R ₁₅ = 125 mm is applied to the clothoid 31 as a further radius. The double clothoid 29 extends from a point P ₁₀ to a point P ₁₁ . These points have a corner 23d, which extends in imaginary continuations of the component side surfaces 17, 14 intersect, distances l _5, l _6. For comparison, in the corner region 22d, as in the corner region 22b, a circular arc 24d is shown between the points P ₁₀ , P ₁₁ , which merges tangentially into the partial side surfaces 17, 14. The circular arc has a radius R ₁₇ = 34 mm, which corresponds to the larger of the two lengths l ₅ , l ₆ . The partial side surfaces 14, 16 have in parallel areas at a distance l ₇ = 108 mm from each other. The partial side surfaces 15, 17 is located in parallel areas by a distance l ₈ = 108 mm apart. Thus, an area A _{21 of} a top 12 of the paving stone 21 is defined by a square area Q ₂₁ minus the areas of the gussets 32a, 32b, 32c and 32d. The corner regions 22a-22d define an area around the vertical side edges 19 and thus the areas in which the partial side surfaces 14-17 merge into one another.

Fig. 4 shows a further paving stone 33 having a first corner portion 22a, in which the transition from a part of side surface 14 to a part of side surface 15 is defined by a clothoid 4, which extends in the direction of the arrow x _1. Radia R ₁₈ = 200 mm> R ₁₉ = 40 mm> R ₂₀ = 25 mm are applied to the clothoid 4. The Einzelklothoide 4 is tangential in the partial side surfaces 14, 15 via. In a corner region 22b, the partial side surface 15 and a partial lateral surface 16 merge into one another. The transition is defined by a double clothoid 25. This is composed of two clothoids 26, 27, which meet at a meeting point P ₁₂ . Radia R ₂₂ = 40 mm> R ₂₃ = 10 mm are applied to the clothoid 27. On the clothoid 26 are radii R ₂₁ = 40 mm> R ₂₃ = 10 mm. In a further corner region 22c, the partial side surface 16 merges into a partial side surface 17. The transition is described by a Einzelklothoide 28, which runs in the direction of arrow x ₁ . A rough definition of the clothoid 28 is given by the radii R ₂₄ = 150 mm> R ₂₅ = 15 mm. In a corner region 22d, the partial side surface 17 merges into the partial lateral surface 14. The transition is described by a double clothoid 29, which is opposite to the double clothoid 25 diagonally. The double clothoid is roughly described by radii R ₂₆ = 98 mm> R ₂₇ = 35 mm and R ₂₈ = 125 mm> R ₂₉ = 70 mm. The paving stone 33 has major dimensions l ₉ = 108 mm and l ₁₀ = 130 mm.

In Fig. 5, another paving stone 34 is shown. The paving stone 34 has a corner region 22a, in which the transition from a partial side surface 14 into a partial lateral surface 15 is formed by a double clothoid 25. The double clothoid 25 is roughly described by radii R ₁₈ = 200 mm> R ₁₉ = 25 mm and R ₂₁ = 150 mm> R ₂₀ = 60 mm> R ₁₉ = 25 mm. In a further corner region 22b, the transition of the partial side surface 15 into a partial lateral surface 16 is described by a single clothoid 4. This is essentially described by radii R ₂₂ = 100 mm> R ₂₃ = 16 mm. Diagonally opposite the corner region 22 a is a corner region 22 c, in which the partial side surface 16 merges into a partial side surface 17. The course of the corner region 22c is defined in plan view by a double clothoid 29. This is roughly described by the radii R ₂₄ = 75 mm> R ₂₅ = 16 mm and R ₂₆ = 125 mm> R ₂₅ = 16 mm. Diagonally opposite the corner region 22b, which is described by the Einzelklothoide 4, is a corner portion 22d, which is characterized by a Einzelklothoide 28. This is roughly defined by the radii R ₂₇ = 150 mm> R ₂₈ = 20 mm and runs in the direction of arrow x ₁ . The partial side surfaces 14, 16 are aligned substantially parallel to each other and have a distance l ₁₁ = 108 mm from each other. The partial side surfaces 14, 16 form partially even aligned parallel contact surfaces 35, which are suitable for large-scale investment of contact surfaces of other paving stones. In addition to the main dimension I ₁₁ , the paving stone 34 still has the main dimension l ₁₂ = 145 mm.

Fig. 6 shows a plan view of another paving stone 36. This has three corner regions 22a, 22b, 22c, which are defined by Doppelklothoiden 25, 29, 37. A fourth corner region 22d is described by a circular arc 3. The double clothoid 25 is roughly described by radii R ₂₉ = 120 mm> R ₃₀ = 70 mm> R ₃₁ = 28 mm and R ₃₃ = 70 mm> R ₃₂ = 35 mm> R ₃₁ = 28 mm. A rough description of the double clothoid 29 is given by the radii R ₃₄ = 125 mm> R ₃₅ = 16 mm and R ₃₆ = 75 mm> R ₃₅ = 16 mm. A rough description of the double clothoid 37 is given by radii R ₃₇ = 70 mm> R ₃₈ = 28 mm and R ₃₉ = 110 mm> R ₃₈ = 28 mm. The circular arc 3, by which the corner region 22d is characterized, has a radius R ₄₀ = 16 mm. Furthermore, the paving stone 36 is characterized by main dimensions l ₁₃ = 108 mm and l ₁₄ = 167 mm.

Fig. 7 shows a further variant of a paving stone 38 in plan view. Corresponding to the paving stone illustrated in FIG. 6, corner regions 22a, 22b, 22c are defined by double clothoids 25, 29, 37. A fourth corner region 22d is described by a single clothoid 4. The double clothoid 25 is roughly described by the radii R ₄₁ = 200 mm> R ₄₂ = 60 mm> R ₄₃ = 25 mm and the radii R ₄₄ = 150 mm> R ₄₃ = 25 mm. A rough description of the double clothoid 29 is given by the radii R ₄₅ = 70 mm> R ₄₆ = 38 mm and R ₄₇ = 70 mm> R ₄₆ = 38 mm. The double clothoid 37 is roughly defined by radii R ₄₈ = 130 mm> R ₄₉ = 25 mm and R ₅₀ = 60 mm> R ₄₉ = 25 mm. The Einzelklothoide 4 runs in the direction of arrow x ₁ and is here roughly described by radii R ₅₁ = 55 mm and R ₅₂ = 35 mm. Furthermore, the paving stone 38 main dimensions l ₁₅ = 108 mm and l ₁₆ = 170 mm.

FIG. 8 shows a partial view of that shown in FIG. 7 Paving stone 38 from the direction of the arrow VIII. A circumferential Side surface 18 has a rough surface 39. A Top 12 and bottom 13 are parallel and in the Essentially aligned with each other and have one Distance h of about 75 mm.

The invention is not shown or described Embodiments limited. It rather includes Further developments of the invention in the context of Patent claims. In particular, the invention provides from differently shaped paving stones Paving stone system in which the individual Variants in the same number or in different numbers available. Furthermore, the invention provides, the paving stone according to the invention provide as a turning stone, in which both the top and the bottom than Visible side is usable.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

paving stone

2

known corner design

3

arc

4

Einzelklothoide

5

step

6

Corner design according to the invention

7

Doppelklothoide

8th

side edge

9

side edge

10

corner

11

paving stone

12

top

13

bottom

14 - 17

Portion side face

18

circumferential side surface

19

vertical edge

20

horizontal edge

21

paving stone

22a - 22d

corner

23a, 23b,

23d thought corner

24a, 24b,

24d circular arc

25

Doppelklothoide

26, 27

Spiral

28

Einzelklothoide

29

Doppelklothoide

30, 31

Spiral

32a - 32d

gore

33

paving stone

34

paving stone

35

contact area

36

paving stone

37

Doppelklothoide

38

paving stone

39

Surface (from 18)

Claims (7)

1. Paving stone (1, 11, 21, 33, 34, 36, 38), in particular concrete paving stone for paving gardens, paths, streets or the like, the paving stone (1, 11, 21, 33, 34, 36, 38) having an upper side (12), a lower side (13), which is substantially parallel and equal in area thereto, rounded side edges (19), which run perpendicularly to the upper side (12) and a side face (18) running peripherally in a ribbon-like manner, composed of part side faces (14 to 17), characterised in that, in plan view, the side face (18), at least in the region (22a to 22d) of one of the rounded vertical side edges (19) is defined by two curves (26, 27; 30, 31) running towards one another, the radius (R) of which decreases constantly/or in small steps towards the respective opposing curve (26 or 27; 30 or 31) and which most substantially constantly pass into one another at a contact point (P₆, P₉, P₁₂).
2. Paving stone according to claim 1, characterised in that at least two opposing part side faces (14, 16; 15, 17), have contact faces (35) which are level in regions and run parallel to one another.
3. Paving stone according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the side face (18) in the region of the further side edges (19) is defined, in plan view, by a curve (4, 28) with a decreasing or increasing radius or by an arc of a circle (3).
4. Paving stone according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the paving stone (1, 11, 21, 33, 34, 36, 38) has a substantially three-, four-, five- or multi-cornered upper side (12).
5. Paving stone according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the paving stone (1, 11, 21, 33, 34, 36, 38) has at least one side edge (19) extending perpendicularly to the upper side (12), at which two part side faces (14 to 17) meet one another at an angle of about 90°.
6. Paving stone according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the paving stone (1, 11, 21, 33, 34, 36, 38) preferably has four rounded side edges (19) extending perpendicularly to the upper side (12), at least two diagonally opposing side edges (19) extending perpendicularly to the upper side (12) preferably being defined, in plan view, by a double clothoid (7, 25, 29, 37).
7. Paving stone according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the upper side (12) and/or the lower side (13) have a smooth and/or roughened and/or undulating and/or spherical and/or crowned, in particular convexly or concavely arched surface.

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