EP1269648A2 - Systeme et procede correspondant d'utilisation de recepteurs a correlateurs multiples dans un systeme radio a impulsions - Google Patents

Systeme et procede correspondant d'utilisation de recepteurs a correlateurs multiples dans un systeme radio a impulsions

Info

Publication number
EP1269648A2
EP1269648A2 EP01920855A EP01920855A EP1269648A2 EP 1269648 A2 EP1269648 A2 EP 1269648A2 EP 01920855 A EP01920855 A EP 01920855A EP 01920855 A EP01920855 A EP 01920855A EP 1269648 A2 EP1269648 A2 EP 1269648A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
impulse radio
correlator
impulse
timing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01920855A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Randall S. Stanley
James L. Richards
Timothy A. Johnson
Larry W. Fullerton
Ivan A. Cowie
William D. Welch, Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Time Domain Corp
Original Assignee
Time Domain Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Time Domain Corp filed Critical Time Domain Corp
Publication of EP1269648A2 publication Critical patent/EP1269648A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
    • H04B1/719—Interference-related aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
    • H04B1/7183—Synchronisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/709—Correlator structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115—Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
    • H04B1/7117—Selection, re-selection, allocation or re-allocation of paths to fingers, e.g. timing offset control of allocated fingers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
    • H04B1/71637—Receiver aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B2001/6908—Spread spectrum techniques using time hopping

Definitions

  • Time Modulated Ultra- Wide Band an advanced ultra- wideband RF technology, utilizes short Gaussian monocycle pulses at relatively high pulse repetition frequencies. Typically, pulse durations are less than 1 ns and pulse repetition frequencies exceed 1 MHz. The interval between pulses is not fixed, but is time coded using sequences of random or pseudo-random numbers. This time hopping randomizes the signal in both time and frequency domains. Also, time hopping allows for code division channelization and acts to decorrelate in-band jammers.
  • Pulse position modulation is used to encode information onto the pulse train. For example, a binary modulation scheme could transmit a monocycle pulse one-quarter of a pulse width early (relative to nominal) to represent a "0" bit and one-quarter of a pulse width late to represent a "1" bit. A single bit or data symbol is typically spread over many pulses.
  • the receiver uses a cross correlation technique (a matched filter that consists of an analog multiplication followed by an integration) to directly convert each RF monocycle into a baseband signal.
  • the output of the correlator also referred to as a correlation value
  • Multiple correlation values can be coherently combined to combat noise.
  • the data collected from this measurement instrument can be used to create channel models, guide selection of locking algorithms, characterize noise, analyze error correction techniques, and study geo-ranging capabilities.
  • multiple correlators enable rake acquisition of pulses and thus faster acquisition, tracking implementations to maintain lock and various modulation schemes. By using these new modulation schemes enabled through the use of multiple correlators, increased information about a received pulse can be ascertained. This enables the possibility of vastly improved information transfer rates. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an impulse radio system that utilizes multiple correlators in its receivers.
  • FIG. 1 A illustrates a representative Gaussian Monocycle waveform in the time domain
  • FIG. IB illustrates the frequency domain amplitude of the Gaussian Monocycle of FIG. 1A
  • FIG. 2 A illustrates a pulse train comprising pulses as in FIG. 1 A;
  • FIG. 2B illustrates the frequency domain amplitude of the waveform of FIG. 2A
  • FIG. 5B illustrates exemplary multipath signals in the time domain
  • FIG. 5G illustrates a plurality of multipaths with a plurality of reflectors from a transmitter to a receiver.
  • FIG. 5H graphically represents signal strength as volts vs. time in a direct path and multipath environment.
  • FIG. 8B illustrates a sequence of representative impulse signals in the correlation process.
  • Radio TDMA network Radio TDMA network.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram for the transmitter and multiple correlator scanning receiver, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 show the impulse response measurements for two different in-building scans.
  • FIG. 14 is the first scan is at a range of approximately 4 meters through a single wall (sheet rock over metal studs).
  • FIG 15 is the second scan at a range of 21 meters through five walls of similar construction.
  • FIG. 16 shows the amplitude vs. range of the three largest correlations where data was taken at each location.
  • the "+" signs indicate the coherent sum of the top ten correlation values as might be obtained from a variable tap rake receiver design.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates the time of arrival of the three largest correlations at each location where data was taken.
  • the largest correlation is marked with "o", the second largest with "+', and the third largest with "*”.
  • FIG. 18 is an overview block diagram illustrating an eight correlators receiver.
  • FIG. 19 more particularly sets forth the correlator configuration within a digital impulse radio architecture.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates a distinct timer configuration used in a multiple correlator receiver.
  • FIG. 21 is yet another distinct configuration of a multiple correlator receiver wherein slaved correlators are utilized and driven by the same timer as the master correlator with a delay therebetween.
  • impulse radio impulse radio communications systems
  • Impulse radio refers to a radio system based on short, low duty cycle pulses.
  • An ideal impulse radio waveform is a short Gaussian monocycle. As the name suggests, this waveform attempts to approach one cycle of radio frequency (RF) energy at a desired center frequency. Due to implementation and other spectral limitations, this waveform may be altered significantly in practice for a given application. Most waveforms with enough bandwidth approximate a Gaussian shape to a useful degree.
  • RF radio frequency
  • Impulse radio can use many types of modulation, including AM, time shift (also referred to as pulse position) and M-ary versions.
  • the time shift method has simplicity and power output advantages that make it desirable.
  • the time shift method is used as an illustrative example.
  • the impulse radio receiver is typically a direct conversion receiver with a cross correlator front end in which the front end coherently converts an electromagnetic pulse train of monocycle pulses to a baseband signal in a single stage.
  • the baseband signal is the basic information signal for the impulse radio communications system. It is often found desirable to include a subcarrier with the baseband signal to help reduce the effects of amplifier drift and low frequency noise.
  • the subcarrier that is typically implemented alternately reverses modulation according to a known pattern at a rate faster than the data rate. This same pattern is used to reverse the process and restore the original data pattern just before detection.
  • This method permits alternating current (AC) coupling of stages, or equivalent signal processing to eliminate direct current (DC) drift and errors from the detection process. This method is described in detail in U.S.
  • each data bit typically time position modulates many pulses of the periodic timing signal. This yields a modulated, coded timing signal that comprises a train of identically shaped pulses for each single data bit.
  • the impulse radio receiver integrates multiple pulses to recover the transmitted information.
  • Impulse radio refers to a radio system based on short, low duty cycle pulses.
  • the resulting waveform approaches one cycle per pulse at the center frequency.
  • each pulse consists of a burst of cycles usually with some spectral shaping to control the bandwidth to meet desired properties such as out of band emissions or in-band spectral flatness, or time domain peak power or burst off time attenuation.
  • ⁇ is a time scaling parameter
  • t is time
  • fmono(t) i* 3 the waveform voltage
  • e is the natural logarithm base.
  • FIG. IB The porresponding equation is:
  • the center frequency (f c ), or frequency of peak spectral density is:
  • pulses may be produced by methods described in the patents referenced above or by other methods that are known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Any practical implementation will deviate from the ideal mathematical model by some amount. In fact, this deviation from ideal may be substantial and yet yield a system with acceptable performance. This is especially true for microwave implementations, where precise waveform shaping is difficult to achieve.
  • These mathematical models are provided as an aid to describing ideal operation and are not intended to limit the invention. In fact, any burst of cycles that adequately fills a given bandwidth and has an adequate on-off attenuation ratio for a given application will serve the purpose of this invention.
  • Impulse radio systems can deliver one or more data bits per pulse; however, impulse radio systems more typically use pulse trains, not single pulses, for each data bit. As described in detail in the following example system, the impulse radio transmitter produces and outputs a train of pulses for each bit of information.
  • Figs. 2A and 2B are illustrations of the output of a typical 10 Mpps system with uncoded, unmodulated, 0.5 nanosecond (ns) pulses 102.
  • Fig. 2A shows a time domain representation of this sequence of pulses 102.
  • Fig 2B which shows 60 MHZ at the center of the spectrum for the waveform of Fig. 2A, illustrates that the result of the pulse train in the frequency domain is to produce a spectrum comprising a set of lines 204 spaced at the frequency of the 10 Mpps pulse repetition rate.
  • the envelope of the line spectrum follows the curve of the single pulse spectrum 104 of Fig. IB.
  • the power of the pulse train is spread among roughly two hundred comb lines. Each comb line thus has a small fraction of the total power and presents much less of an interference problem to receiver sharing the band.
  • impulse radio systems typically have very low average duty cycles resulting in average power significantly lower than peak power.
  • the duty cycle of the signal in the present example is 0.5%, based on a 0.5 ns pulse in a 100 ns interval.
  • Fig. 3 is a plot illustrating the impact of a pseudo-noise (PN) code dither on energy distribution in the frequency domain (A pseudo-noise, or PN code is a set of time positions defining the pseudo-random positioning for each pulse in a sequence of pulses).
  • PN code is a set of time positions defining the pseudo-random positioning for each pulse in a sequence of pulses.
  • Fig. 3 when compared to Fig. 2B, shows that the impact of using a PN code is to destroy the comb line structure and spread the energy more uniformly. This structure typically has slight variations which are characteristic of the specific code used.
  • the PN code also provides a method of establishing independent communication channels using impulse radio.
  • PN codes can be designed to have low cross correlation such that a pulse train using one code will seldom collide on more than one or two pulse positions with a pulses train using another code during any one data bit time. Since a data bit may comprise hundreds of pulses, this represents a substantial attenuation of the unwanted channel.
  • Any aspect of the waveform can be modulated to convey information.
  • Digital time shift modulation can be implemented by shifting the coded time position by an additional amount (that is, in addition to PN code dither) in response to the information signal. This amount is typically very small relative to the PN code shift. In a 10 Mpps system with a center frequency of 2 GHz., for example, the PN code may command pulse position variations over a range of 100 ns; whereas, the information modulation may only deviate the pulse position by l50 ps.
  • each pulse is delayed a different amount from its respective time base clock position by an individual code delay amount plus a modulation amount, where n is the number of pulses associated with a given data symbol digital bit.
  • Modulation further smoothes the spectrum, minimizing structure in the resulting spectrum.
  • impulse radios are able to perform in these environments, in part, because they do not depend on receiving every pulse.
  • the impulse radio receiver performs a correlating, synchronous receiving function (at the RF level) that uses a statistical sampling and combining of many pulses to recover the transmitted information.
  • Impulse radio receivers typically integrate from 1 to 1000 or more pulses to yield the demodulated output.
  • the optimal number of pulses over which the receiver integrates is dependent on a number of variables, including pulse rate, bit rate, interference levels, and range.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the result of a narrow band sinusoidal interference signal 402 overlaying an impulse radio signal 404.
  • the input to the cross correlation would include the narrow band signal 402, as well as the received ultrawide-band impulse radio signal 404.
  • the input is sampled by the cross correlator with a PN dithered template signal 406.
  • the cross correlation would sample the interfering signal 402 with such regularity that the interfering signals could cause significant interference to the impulse radio receiver.
  • the transmitted impulse signal is encoded with the PN code dither (and the impulse radio receiver template signal 406 is synchronized with that identical PN code dither)
  • the correlation samples the interfering signals pseudo-randomly.
  • the samples from the interfering signal add incoherently, increasing roughly according to square root of the number of samples integrated; whereas, the impulse radio samples add coherently, increasing directly according to the number of samples integrated.
  • Impulse radio is resistant to interference because of its large processing gain.
  • processing gain which quantifies the decrease in channel interference when wide-band communications are used, is the ratio of the bandwidth of the channel to the bit rate of the information signal.
  • a direct sequence spread spectrum system with a 10 kHz information bandwidth and a 10 MHZ channel bandwidth yields a processing gain of 1000 or 30 dB.
  • far greater processing gains are achieved with impulse radio systems, where for the same 10 KHz information bandwidth is spread across a much greater 2 GHz. channel bandwidth, the theoretical processing gain is 200,000 or 53 dB.
  • V tot is the total interference signal to noise ratio variance, at the receiver; N is the number of interfering users; ⁇ 2 is the signal to noise ratio variance resulting from one of the interfering signals with a single pulse cross correlation; and Z is the number of pulses over which Hie receiver integrates to recover the modulation.
  • Impulse radios can be substantially resistant to these effects. Impulses arriving from delayed multipath reflections typically arrive outside of the correlation time and thus can be ignored. This process is described in detail with reference to FIGs. 5 A and 5B.
  • FIG. 5 A three propagation paths are shown.
  • the direct path representing the straight line distance between the transmitter and receiver is the shortest.
  • Path 1 represents a grazing multipath reflection, which is very close to the direct path.
  • Path 2 represents a distant multipath reflection.
  • elliptical (or, in space, ellipsoidal) traces that represent other possible locations for reflections with the same time delay.
  • FIG. 5B represents a time domain plot of the received wavefomi from this multipath propagation configuration.
  • This figure comprises three doublet pulses as shown in FIG. 1 A.
  • the direct path signal is the reference signal and represents the shortest propagation time.
  • the path 1 signal is delayed slightly and actually overlaps and enhances the signal strength at this delay value. Note that the reflected waves are reversed in polarity.
  • the path 2 signal is delayed sufficiently that the waveform is completely separated from the direct path signal. If the correlator template signal is positioned at the direct path signal, the path 2 signal will produce no response. It can be seen that only the multipath signals resulting from very close reflectors have any effect on the reception of the direct path signal.
  • the multipath signals delayed less than one quarter wave are the only multipath signals that can attenuate the direct path signal. This region is equivalent to the first Fresnel zone familiar to narrow band systems designers.
  • Impulse radio however, has no further nulls in the higher Fresnel zones. The ability to avoid the highly variable attenuation from multipath gives impulse radio significant performance advantages.
  • Fig 5A illustrates a typical multipath situation, such as in a building, where there are many reflectors 5A04, 5A05 and multiple propagation paths 5A02, 5A01.
  • a transmitter TX 5A06 transmits a signal which propagates along the multiple propagation paths 5A02, 5A04 to receiver RX 5A08, where the multiple reflected signals are combined at the antenna.
  • FIG. 5B illustrates a resulting typical received composite pulse waveform resulting from the multiple reflections and multiple propagation paths 5A01, 5A02.
  • the direct path signal 5A01 is shown as the first pulse signal received.
  • the multiple reflected signals (“multipath signals”, or “multipath") comprise the remaining response as illustrated.
  • An impulse radio receiver in accordance with the present invention can receive the signal and demodulate the information using either the direct path signal or any multipath signal peak having sufficient signal to noise ratio.
  • the impulse radio receiver can select the strongest response from among the many arriving signals.
  • dozens of reflections would have to be cancelled simultaneously and precisely while blocking the direct path - a highly unlikely scenario.
  • This time separation of mulitipath signals together with time resolution and selection by the receiver permit a type of time diversity that virtually eliminates cancellation of the signal.
  • performance is further improved by collecting the signal power from multiple signal peaks for additional signal to noise performance.
  • the receiver 702 comprises a receive antenna 704 for receiving a propagated impulse radio signal 706.
  • a received signal 708 from the receive antenna 704 is coupled to a cross correlator or sampler 710 to produce a baseband output 712.
  • the cross correlator or sampler 710 includes multiply and integrate functions together with any necessary filters to optimize signal to noise ratio.
  • FIGS. 8 A, 8B and 9 illustrate the cross correlation process and the correlation function.
  • Fig. 8 A shows the waveform of a template signal.
  • Fig. 8B shows the waveform of a received impulse radio signal at a set of several possible time offsets.
  • Fig. 9 represents the output of the correlator (multiplier and short time integrator) for each of the time offsets of Fig. 8B. Th ⁇ s, this graph, Fig. 9, does not show a waveform that is a function of time, but rather a function of time- offset, i.e., for any given pulse received, there is only one corresponding point which is applicable on this graph. This is the point corresponding to the time offset of the template signal used to receive that pulse.
  • Correlators 1A and IB are at 1812 and provide transmitting and scanning functionality
  • Correlators 2 A and 2B are at 1810 and provide 2 receive channels
  • Correlators 3 A and 3B are at 1808 and provide two additional receive channels
  • Correlators 4A and 4B are at 1806 and provide another two receive channels.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates the flexibility of the design wherein a distinct timer configuration is used.
  • a separate timer is not associated with a given correlator, but rather timing master 2002 triggers correlator 2004 and, after delay 2008, also triggers correlator 2006.
  • correlator 2006 can be a slave of correlator 2004.
  • a last timer 2018 can drive the pulser 2020 if the transceiver is acting as a transmitter.
  • the remainder of the diagram is similar to FIG. 19, as addressed by the following description.
  • impulse radio antenna 2022 receives RF pulses, whereafter they pass to low noise amplifier/filter 2026. After passing tlirough variable attenuator 2028, the RF signal passes through amplifiers 2030-2036 and into correlators 2004, 2006, 2010 and 2014.
  • the correlator trigger timing is according to the aforementioned with correlator 2006 being a slave according to delay 2008 of correlator 2004 and correlator 2014 being a slave according to delay 2016 of correlator 2010. Again, the above configuration is for illustration only as any number of configurations are anticipated.
  • the correlated analog signal goes through an optional sample and hold and passes to analog to digital converter 2058 located in baseband 2044.
  • bus control 1040 controls address and data information to and from the master timer 2002, timer 2012, timer 2018, processor 2042 and baseband 2044.
  • the timing for the baseband is provided by master timer 2002 as depicted at 2066, which is driven by oscillator 2038.
  • the oscillator 2038 drives the master timer 2002 which drives timer 2018 which triggers the pulser 2020, which transmits RF pulses to antenna 2022 via transmit/receive switch 2024.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Noise Elimination (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)

Abstract

Ce système à bande ultra-large modulé en temps (TM-UWB) utilise un récepteur à corrélateurs multiples, ce qui permet de mettre en service un récepteur à exploration, lequel mesure avec précision la réponse impulsionnelle d'un canal, les mesures pouvant être effectuées sur les distances maximales de communication du système. Ce procédé permet de capturer, non seulement des formes d'onde de propagation à bande ultra-large, mais également des informations relatives aux statistiques de symboles de données. De surcroît, l'existence de plusieurs corrélateurs permet de procéder à une acquisition du type RAKE des impulsions et, partant, à une acquisition ainsi qu'à une mise en place de contrôle plus rapides et ce, afin de conserver le verrouillage et de mettre en service plusieurs mécanismes de modulation. Une fois le corrélateur de contrôle synchronisé et verrouillé sur un signal entrant, le corrélateur d'exploration est en mesure d'échantillonner la forme d'onde reçue à des délais de temporisations précis, relatifs au point de contrôle. Dans la mesure où le délai de temporisation est augmenté successivement au moment de l'échantillonnage de la forme d'onde, il est possible d'obtenir un étalonnage temporel de l'image de ladite forme d'onde.
EP01920855A 2000-03-29 2001-03-29 Systeme et procede correspondant d'utilisation de recepteurs a correlateurs multiples dans un systeme radio a impulsions Withdrawn EP1269648A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US537264 1983-09-29
US53726400A 2000-03-29 2000-03-29
PCT/US2001/010016 WO2001076086A2 (fr) 2000-03-29 2001-03-29 Systeme et procede correspondant d'utilisation de recepteurs a correlateurs multiples dans un systeme radio a impulsions

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EP1269648A2 true EP1269648A2 (fr) 2003-01-02

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EP (1) EP1269648A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003530002A (fr)
AU (1) AU2001247865A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001076086A2 (fr)

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US7190729B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2007-03-13 Alereon, Inc. Ultra-wideband high data-rate communications
AU2003263886A1 (en) * 2002-08-07 2004-02-25 Aleron, Inc. Harmonic ultra-wideband high data-rate communications
AU2003258201A1 (en) * 2002-08-12 2004-02-25 Alereon, Inc. Transmitting and receiving spread spectrum signals using continuous waveforms in an harmonic relationship
GB2393370B (en) * 2002-10-02 2004-10-20 Artimi Ltd Communication methods & apparatus
FR2848746A1 (fr) * 2002-12-17 2004-06-18 France Telecom Procede et systeme de reception d'un signal ultra-large bande a nombre de trajets de propagation auto-adaptatif
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FR2893792B1 (fr) * 2005-11-23 2008-02-15 Commissariat Energie Atomique Recepteur d'impulsions d'un signal de type ultra large bande et procede associe
FR2898224A1 (fr) 2006-03-03 2007-09-07 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif et procede de reception ultra-large bande utilisant un detecteur a super-regeneration
US8351483B1 (en) 2006-12-18 2013-01-08 University Of South Florida Architecture for ultra-wideband radio
US8385187B2 (en) 2008-02-08 2013-02-26 Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) Method for retrieving data from ultra wideband radio transmission signals and receiver implementing said method
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Publication number Publication date
WO2001076086A2 (fr) 2001-10-11
AU2001247865A1 (en) 2001-10-15
JP2003530002A (ja) 2003-10-07
WO2001076086A3 (fr) 2002-04-04

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