EP1268959A1

EP1268959A1 - Access system for a vehicle

Info

Publication number: EP1268959A1
Application number: EP01915310A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Reinhard Wittwer
Original assignee: Huf Huelsbeck and Fuerst GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Huf Huelsbeck and Fuerst GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2000-03-30
Filing date: 2001-03-01
Publication date: 2003-01-02
Anticipated expiration: 2021-03-01
Also published as: US6698262B2; DE50103542D1; KR100715081B1; KR20030011283A; EP1268959B1; DE10015887C1; WO2001075252A1; US20030019261A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an access system in which an access authorization that can be disposed of outside of the vehicle communicates with identification means located inside the vehicle. If the identification means respond, control means which operate a door lock (40) from a door handle (10) are transferred out of their inoperative position into an operative position. To this end, the door handle (10) can move between three different positions (10.1, 10.2). In the first position, the door handle (10) is located in a retracted position (10.1), which cannot be grasped by the human hand, but rather is streamlined. Only when the door handle (10) is in a protruding extended position (10.2) is the latter possible. The door handle is then manually displaced into a third protracted position in which the door lock (40) is opened. According to the invention, this mode of operation is ensured by an actuator (30) configured, for example, as an eccentric.

Description

claims

) Access system for a vehicle having at least one door,

in which an identification means arranged in the vehicle responds to an access authorization available outside the vehicle,

wherein in the response case the identification means transfers electrical and / or mechanical control means with respect to a door lock from an inactive position to an effective position

with a door handle (10) movable at least between three different positions (101, 102, 103) with respect to the door,

wherein the door handle (10) is initially in a first position, namely a retracted position (101) substantially lowered in the outer door panel (25), where the door lock (40) is closed and the door handle (10) is in the human hand (37 ) cannot be recorded or only inadequately,

and the door handle (10) is further moved - if the identification means respond to the access authorization - from this retracted position (101) into a second extended position (102) protruding from the door, where the door lock (40) is still closed but the door handle (10) can be properly grasped by the human hand (37)

and the door handle (10) can then finally be moved manually into a third pull-out position (103), where the door lock (40) is opened via electrical and / or mechanical control means,

characterized ,

that an actuator (30) can be reversed electrically or mechanically between a rest position (301) and a work position (302), that the actuator (30) in the door handle (10) or its linkage (13 to 15) is positively connected and the door handle (10) or its linkage (13 to 15) in the rest position (30 1) in its retracted position (10 1 ) and in the working position (30 2) in its extended position (10 2),

and that when the door handle (10) is pulled out manually into the third extended position (10 3), the actuator (30) remains in its working position (30 2), but the door handle (10) or its linkage (13 to 15 ) stand out freely from the actuator (30)

) Access system according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator consists of an eccentric (30) which is rotated between its rest and working position (30 1, 30 2) by a motor (3 1) controlled by the identification means,

and that the door handle (10) or its linkage (13 to 15) are pressed against the eccentric (30) by a restoring force (17)

) Access system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrical control means comprise a switch (38) and a lock motor on the door lock (40),

the contactor of the switch (38) being arranged in the manual actuation path of the door handle (10) or its linkage (13 to 15) between its second extended position (10 2) and the third extended position (10 3),

and that the switch (38) which responds to the manual handle movement (12 2) effectively sets the lock motor and opens the door lock (40) by means of a motor ) Access system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that - starting from the first withdrawal position (10 0) - in the event of failure of the electronics, the door handle (10) manually beyond the third extension position (10 3) into a fourth emergency installation (10 4) is movable (12 3),

and that during the transition from the third extended position (10 3) m the fourth emergency installation (10 4) the door lock (40) is opened via mechanical control means (42, 45, 41).

) Access system according to claim 4, characterized in that the mechanical control means comprise a lever (42) which engages on the door handle rod (13 to 15) and which is spring-loaded (47) and normally rests on an end stop (49) and thereby with its arm (43 ) is held at an angular distance (50) from the door handle rod (13 to 15),

this angular distance (50) being greater than / equal to the movement path of the door handle linkage (13 to 15) between the first retracted position (10 1) and the third extended position (10 3) of the door handle (10)

) Access system according to claim 5, characterized in that the spring load (47) acting on the lever (42) is greater than the restoring force (17) previously acting on the door handle (10)

and that when the handle is actuated, the start of action of the lever-spring load (47) generates a noticeable force threshold which limits the third pull-out position (10 3) of the door handle (10)

) Access system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the door handle (10) via two end arms (13, 14) on a pivot axis (1 1) is mounted and that this axis (1 1) also serves to support the lever (42)

) Access system according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the handle restoring force (17) and the lever-spring load (47) consist of two leg springs (16, 46) with mutually different spring constants, which have spring windings

and that the spring turns of the two leg springs (16, 46) are guided coaxially around the axis (11) used to mount the door handle (10)

) Access system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in an access system without a lock motor, where the door lock (40) acts on the door lock (40) only via mechanical control means (41 to 45), the third pull-out position (10 3) not applicable

) Access system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the access authorization takes place via a mechanical key to which a locking cylinder (35) is assigned as identification means in the vehicle,

that the locking cylinder (35) with its front end having the insertion opening (36) for the key is covered by the door handle (10) in its retracted position (10 1)

and that the key insertion opening (36) is only accessible when the door handle (10) is fully pulled out (10 4) for inserting and turning the key to unlock or secure the door lock

) Access system according to claim 10, characterized in that the door handle (10) is provided on the back with a sealing means (34) which in the Retreat position (10.1) lies sealingly in front of the front end of the locking cylinder (35)

) Access system according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that in the case of a keyless entry system (keyless entry) the person authorized to access, on the one hand, has to approach the vehicle-side identification means below a defined communication distance with his access authorization ID, such as a smart card

and that, on the other hand, the person authorized to access informs the means of access of the identification means by a certain action, such as touching the door handle, whereupon the door handle (10) is transferred from a first retracted position (10 1) to its second extended position (10 2)

) Access system according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that when the automobile engine is at a standstill, the door handle (10) automatically transfers from the first retracted position (10 1) to the second extended position (10 2)

) Access system according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that when an access authorization working with an electronic remote control key is used, the door handle (10) is automatically moved (12 1) from a first withdrawal position (10 1) to its second extended position (10 2) , if you operate the remote control key in the unlocking sense,

and that the door handle (10) is moved in the opposite direction (12 1 ') from its second extended position (10.2) to its first retracted position (10 1) by motor when the remote control key is actuated in the securing sense ) Access system according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that in an automobile the door handle (10) is moved back by motor from its second extended position (10 2) to its first retracted position (10 1) when the automobile engine is started and / or if sensors responding to a certain speed limit value determine a driving speed of the automobile exceeding this limit value

) Access system according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the door handle (10) from its second extended position (10 2) to its first retracted position (10 1) is moved back by motor when sensors (27) on the vehicle are actuated

) Access system according to claim 16, characterized in that the sensor (27) is integrated in the door handle (10) and can be operated manually

) Access system according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that by resetting the actuator or turning back the eccentric (30) from its working position (30 2) to its rest position (30 1) which is initially in its second extended position (10 2) located door handle (10) is lowered into its first retracted position (10 1)

) Access system for a vehicle having at least one door

with a mechanical key and with a locking cylinder (35) assigned to the key,

the locking cylinder (35) with its front end having the insertion opening (36) for the key being arranged on the outside of the door, with a door lock, which is activated by key actuation of the lock cylinder

(35) can be switched between an effective and ineffective position,

and with a door handle (10) on the door, which can be moved (123) from a rest position (101) on the outside of the door at least one working position (104) away from the outside of the door,

characterized ,

that the door handle (10) in the rest position (101) covers the front end of the locking cylinder (35)

and that in the working position (104) of the door handle (10) the import opening

(36) in the lock cylinder (35) is accessible for inserting the key and allows the key to be turned

) Access system according to claim 19, characterized in that the door handle (10) is provided on the back with a sealing means (34) which, in the rest position (101), lies sealingly in front of the front end of the locking cylinder (35)

Access system for a vehicle

The invention is directed to an access system of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1. Each of the three different positions into which the door handle is moved have different functions to be performed. In any case, the door lock should be kept closed in a first handle position while one manual movement of the door handle to the third handle position the door lock should be opened

In the known access system of this type (US 5,873,274), the door handle is spring-loaded in the direction of extension. In its retracted position, a bolt engages in recesses in the door handle and holds it in the retracted position Spring load changes to its extended position. The door handle must be moved back from the spring-loaded extended position to the retracted position manually. Remote control of the door handle is not possible due to this manual reset

In a different type of access system (DE 198 16 603 Cl) it is known to grasp the door handle by hand already in the first handle position and to move it manually to a second handle position, where normally a blocking element prevents further movement into the third handle position. Only when the identification means in the vehicle determined an access authorization was the blocking element removed, as a result of which the door handle could then be moved manually into the third handle position. With this known access system, the door handle had to be reliably gripped by the human hand in the first handle position sufficient space to import the human hand on the handle and / or on the adjacent door outer paneling.This shape results in an undesirable increase in the flow resistance when the vehicle is moving.In addition, this prior art was a keyless entry system, where the electronics must not fail, which limits the latter Area of application of this known access system Because the door handle is under a spring load that always tries to return it to the first handle position, the known access system could result in clamps in the hand, to whom the door handle was held until the end released in the extreme third handle position, so very disturbing noises made themselves noticeable in the door handle moved back into its first handle position by the spring force

The invention has for its object to develop a "wind slip" access system in the retracted position of the door handle of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1, which is reliable and space-saving and is characterized by convenient handling. This is achieved according to the invention by the measures specified in claim 1 , which have the following special meaning

The forced movement of the door handle between its retracted position on the one hand and the extended position on the other hand can be done in a very simple manner by means of a mechanical actuator positively connected to the door handle or its linkage, which only needs to be reversible between two positions. In a first position, the rest position, this gives Actuator releases the door handle so that it can rest flush against the outer door panel. When the actuator is switched to the second position, namely its working position, the actuator transfers the door handle to the second extended position mentioned, which allows the manual operation of the door handle up to the third extended position , In this third pull-out position, the actuator remains in its previous working position, which already determines the extended position of the door handle, and the door handle or the door linkage, due to the non-positive connection mentioned, lifts off the actuator during the pull-out movement when you release the door handle in its third pull-out position. it automatically moves into the second extended position due to the force load acting on it recycled. In the second extended position, the door handle is supported by the eccentric, which is why the open door can be closed by applying pressure.

Starting from the extended position, the door handle is only moved back into the first retracted position by a forced movement of the actuator. This can be done by activating the appropriate access authorization on the vehicle, e.g. by securing the vehicle using an electronic key. Since the return of the door handle to its first retracted position is not done by hand but by motor, there is no risk of the hand getting caught. In addition, the motorized return of the eccentric moves the door handle almost noiselessly back to its starting position, namely the first retracted position, despite its load of force.

Further measures and advantages of the invention are evident from the further subclaims, the description and the drawings. In the drawings, the invention is shown schematically in one embodiment. Show it:

1 is a top view of the structural unit of the access system according to the invention comprising the door handle in the starting position of the components,

2 shows a longitudinal section through the structural unit shown in FIG. 1 along the section line II-II there,

Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the assembly of Fig. 1 along the branched section line III - III, when the starting position of the components is present, and

4 to 6, in a schematic representation corresponding to FIG. 3, the same structural unit when its components are in three further positions. In the drawings, only the most important parts of the assembly belonging to the access system according to the invention are shown, the most important component of which is a door handle 10. In the exemplary embodiment, the door handle can be pivoted about an essentially horizontal axis 1 1 in the sense of the movement arrows 12 1 to 12 3 of FIGS. 3 to 6 As will be shown in more detail here, there is a pull-fold handle. It goes without saying that the door handle 10 could also be designed in a different way, for example as a pull handle which can be pivoted about an essentially vertical axis

The door handle 10 is mounted in a housing 20, between two housing flaps 21 via an axis 11. The door handle 10 is supported on the axis 11 by two arms 13, 14, which can be connected to one another by a cross member 15. The door handle 10 , The arms 13, 14 and the cross member 15 form a fixed handle bar. A leg spring 16 is supported with its two legs between a stationary housing point 22 and the handle bar. The spring 16 exerts a force on the door handle 10 in the sense of the arrow 17 of FIG. 3 Restoring force on the door handle 10

According to FIG. 2, the two door handle arms 13, 14 penetrate openings in the housing, which is fastened to the door by fastening means 23 and thereby comes to lie in a recess on the inner surface 14 of the outer door panel 25 indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1, the outer door panel 25 omitted, which provides a view of the housing 20. The door handle 10 has plug-in members 18, 19 with which it is coupled in corresponding receptacles of the two arms 13, 14. One plug-in member 18 comprises electrical contact means 28, which are in electrical connection with corresponding mating contact means (not shown in more detail) and lead via electrical lines from the arm 13 to further electrical control means in the vehicle. These electrical control means fulfill functions to be explained in more detail when the handle is actuated. These electrical contact means come from electrical units 26, 27 which are integrated in the door handle 10. These can consist of a capacitance 26 or an antenna which, with access authorization, serves to unlock the control means leading to the door lock and / or consist of a film switch 27 in the end section of the door handle 10, which is intended to secure these actuators other plug-in member 19 ensures a mechanical connection of the door handle 10 with the door handle 13 to 15 by means of a fastening means 29. The door handle is then pivotable together with the door handle 10 in the direction of the arrows 12 1 to 12 4. A mechanical fastening or latching is also expediently provided in the Provide the area of the aforementioned first plug-in member 18 on the first arm 13.

As already mentioned, FIGS. 1 to 3 show the rest position of the components. As can be seen from FIG. 3, this is characterized in that the door handle 10 is completely lowered and adapts to the outer contour of the outer door panel 25 in an ideal manner the housing omitted and the arms 13, 14 have broken away in their storage area on the axis 1 1. This also applies to the following FIGS. 4 to 6. The door handle 10 is in its first handle position, which is illustrated by the auxiliary line 10.1 in FIG hereinafter referred to as "retracted position" This retracted position 10 1 is determined by an eccentric 30 which is driven by a motor 3 1 which can be seen in FIG. 1 and which, in this retracted position 10 1, is identified by the auxiliary line 30 1 in FIG. In this rest position 30 1, the eccentric 30 acts with its minimum eccentric on the arm 13, which is congruent with that in FIG. 3 The second arm 14 is in its retracted position 10 1, the door handle 10 lies so close to the outer door panel 25 that, as can be seen at 32 from FIG. 2, there is insufficient space for the human hand to grasp the handle 10

The door handle 10 can be provided on the back with sealing means 33, 34, which in the retracted position 10 1 ensure dirt and water tightness both in the area of the contact means 28 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and in the area of a locking cylinder 35 Exemplary embodiment an access authorization to the door lock 40 is provided, but for security reasons, in an emergency when the electronics fail, the invention also provides a mechanical key for securing and unlocking a door lock 40, the vehicle-side identification means of which is the locking cylinder 35 The sealing means 34 covers the key insertion opening 36 in the retracted position 10 1 of the door handle 10 1, in the retracted position, both the lock cylinder 35 and the housing attachment 23 are not accessible, which also applies to the described handle attachment 29 according to FIG. 2 behind the panel

Unauthorized persons are prevented from accessing the vehicle by means of security devices, and even the handling of the door handle is made as difficult as possible In order to gain access, the authorized person must use his access authorization to carry out the measures that are accepted by the associated means of identification in the vehicle Access system according to the invention can be used The access authorization means available outside the vehicle can consist of a mechanical key or an electrical remote control key or - in the case of a so-called "keyless entry system" - be based on a smart card available by the authorized person. In the latter case, the authorized person approaches the vehicle at a minimum distance from a transponder acting as identification means in the vehicle and expresses its willingness to get into the vehicle by means of an additional measure, for example by h Touching the capacitance switch 26 on the handle side. The access authorization determined in one of these ways causes the identification means that electrical and / or mechanical control means are activated against a door lock

One of these control means is a switch, not shown in more detail, which transfers the eccentric 30 to the already mentioned motor 31 into the “working position” shown in FIG. 4 and identified by the auxiliary line 30 2. In this working position 30 2, its maximum eccentric acts on the Handle arm 13 against its restoring force 17. As a result, the door handle 10 moves into the second handle position marked with 10 2, which is to be referred to below as the “extended position”. During this transition, the door handle 10 is forcibly moved by the arrow 12 1 shown in FIG

Another possibility of the extended position 10 2 can then be that, starting from the retracted position 10 1 according to FIGS Remote control key unlocks the associated electrical control means in the vehicle. It is also useful to use certain operating situations of the vehicle for reversing the door handle 10 from its retracted position 10 1 to its extended position 10 2. For this purpose, the vehicle engine can be stopped in a special way. This is determined by sensors. The sensors initiate the extended position 10.2 of the door handle 10 in an electrical and / or mechanical way.

In the extended position 10.2 shown in FIG. 4, the door handle 10, as indicated by a dotted line, can be comfortably grasped from above and / or below by a human hand 37 and transferred manually in the sense of the pivoting movement arrow 12 2 there to a third handle position indicated by dash-dotted lines 5, which is indicated by the auxiliary line 10 3. This position 10 3 is shown in FIG. 5 and is to be referred to below as the "extended position". With this pivoting movement 12.2, the associated handlebars 13 to 15 have of course also pivoted. The eccentric 30, on the other hand, is stopped in its working position 30 2 In this pivoting movement path 12.2 of the handle rod the actuating member of a microswitch 38 recognizable from FIG. 1 protrudes. The actuating member can interact, for example, with a control surface 39 on the aforementioned cross member 15. This microswitch 38 is part of the electrical control means, that on that in the Fig. 3 to 6 act schematically indicated door lock 40. The control means can act on a lock motor provided in the door lock 40 and move the door lock 40 into its open position of the door. Then the door can be moved. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the handle is raised against the effect - Restoring force 17 - in the extended position 10 3 of the handle arm 13 of the door link from the stationary eccentric 30, as can be seen from the free distance 48. The aforementioned swiveling movement path 12 2 can be relatively small and can, for example only be five millimeters

If, after opening the door, the door handle 10 recorded in FIG. 5 is released, it moves automatically back into the previous extended position 10 2 according to FIG. 4 due to the handle restoring force 17 already mentioned several times. This extended position 10 2 is retained if the door closed again and the locking mechanism of the door lock 40 on mechanical or electrical Way is returned to its closed position In the second extended position 10.2, the handle arm 14 is supported in a form-fitting manner on the eccentric 30, the eccentric being at its maximum eccentric 30.2. The door can be slammed onto the extended handle 10 2 by exerting pressure Withdrawal position 10 1 of the door handle 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 3 can then take place in various ways, which depends not only on the type of access authorization selected, but also on the operating state of the vehicle

If the authorized person is in the vehicle and the engine is started by him, sensors ensure that at a certain speed of the vehicle that is started, for example at five kilometers per hour, all door handles 10 automatically move from their extended position 10 2 into theirs Pass retraction position 10 1 The door handle 10 is lowered in the direction of arrow 12 1 'of FIG. 3 by activating a switch which either rotates the eccentric motor 3 1 or turns it back until the eccentric 30 is out of its working position 30 2 of FIG. 4 again its rest position 30 1 of FIG. 3 has reached. The handle restoring force 17 ensures that the twist of the eccentric 30 results in a damped jerking movement of the handle linkage. The door handle 10 reaches its retracted position 10 1 practically noiselessly

If one wants to lower the door handle 10 located in its extended position 10 2 from the outside in the direction of arrow 12 1 'when the vehicle is stationary, the actuation commands provided in the context of the selected access system are carried out. In the present case, the membrane switch 27 described in the door handle 10 can be used If this is actuated, the eccentric 30 already described takes place and the vehicle is secured by ineffective activation of the control means acting on the door lock.Another possibility is to actuate an electronic remote control key which, via the identification means communicating with it in the vehicle, points to the Eccentric motor 3 1 acts and adjusts the eccentric 30 in the manner already described. Here too, after reaching the retracted position 10 1, the control means serving to actuate the lock 40 are deactivated by the door handle 10, the vehicle is secured The access system according to the invention remains functional even if the electronics described above should fail.This is because there is a fourth handle position of the door handle, illustrated by the auxiliary line 10 4 in FIGS Fig 6 is reached. In this fourth position 10 4, the door lock 40 is mechanically unlocked and opened mechanically. Because this only happens in the present exemplary embodiment in an emergency, this fourth handle position 10 4 should be referred to as an “emergency installation”

The mode of operation of this emergency installation 10 4 is shown in FIG. 6. The front end of the locking cylinder is now accessible. A mechanical key 51 can be inserted and the door lock 40 can be unlocked by turning the key. In this emergency installation 10 4, the door lock 40 can of course also be secured by means of the key 51 lever 42 mounted on the axis 1 1 was not actuated in the previous positions 10 1 to 10 3 and was in the rest position identified by the auxiliary line 42 1. In this rest position there was always an angular distance 30 recognizable from FIG. 3 between a lever 42 belonging to the lever 42 Control arm and handlebar This only changes in the emergency installation 10 4

The lever 42 is mounted on the axis 11 and here has two arms 43, 44. A leg spring 46 shown in FIG. 1 acts on the lever 42. One end of the spring 46 engages under a fixed housing point 22 'again, while the other end of the spring lever 42 3, so that it normally rests on a rotary end stop 49 of the housing and generates the aforementioned rest position 42 1 of the lever 42. As already mentioned, this rest position 42 1 is in the three above-described grip positions according to FIG 3 to 4 This is because the lever 42 with its control arm 43, which is decisive for its pivoting, is normally at the distance 50 mentioned from the cooperating handle arm 14. In the third handle position 10 3 of FIG. 5, the extended position 10 3 can at most the arm 42 and the control arm 43 of the lever 42 are in contact. The lever 42 is not yet moved If the electronics in the vehicle fail, the door lock 40 can still be opened in the invention. Starting from the retracted position 10.1, the door handle 10 is moved in the direction of the arrow 12.3 to an emergency installation 10.4. On the last section of the path, the handle arm 14 meets the control arm 43 and takes the lever 42 into the switching position identified by an auxiliary line 42.2. On the other arm 44 of the lever 42 there is a rod 45 which is connected to an arm 41 provided on the door lock 40. This lock arm 41 is normally, in analogy to the lever 42, in a rest position characterized by an auxiliary line 41.1, in which the door lock 40 is mechanically unaffected and can be transferred to its open position in the preceding electrical control via a lock motor, as described has been. After pivoting the lever actuating arm 44 into the switching position 42.2, the lock arm 41 is, however, transferred in its opening position illustrated by the auxiliary line 41.2 from FIG. 6, which mechanically opens the door lock 40.

With this pivoting of the lever 42, the above-described eccentric motor 31 remains at rest. 6, in the fourth emergency installation 10.4, the eccentric 30 is unchanged in its rest position 30.1, as shown in FIG. 3. The eccentric 30 acts with its minimum 30.1. 6 there is therefore a particularly large free distance 48 'between the handle arm 14 and the eccentric 30 which does not play a role for the mentioned switching position 42.2 of the lever 42. The pivoting movement of the lever 42 takes place against the action of the spring load 47, which should be considerably greater than the handle restoring force 17 for the following reasons.

The differences in force between 47 and 17 result from the use of springs 46, 16 with different spring constants. This naturally affects the manual pivoting movements 10.2 and 10.3 of the door handle 10. Normally, in the case of functional electronics, only the handle actuation, which is illustrated in FIG. 4 by the movement arrow 12.2, occurs, which only has to take place with respect to the handle restoring force 17 in order to move the door handle 10 into the pull-out position 10.3 shown in FIG. 5. As has already been emphasized, leverage 47 has not taken effect until then. It only happens how has already been mentioned, during the then manual pivoting movement in the direction of arrow 12.3 of FIG. 6. The then significantly larger lever load 47, which then becomes effective, acts as a “torque lock” when the handle is operated normally. The human hand 37 senses position 10.3 after reaching the extension the then occurring spring resistance a "stop signal". The person operating the handle 10 is signaled to have completed the previous manual actuation path 12.2 properly. If necessary, this torque lock could be reinforced by locking elements between the handle linkage and the housing 20. The higher effort 47 'when manually pivoting 12.3 the door handle 10 does not interfere with the ease of use of the door handle 10, because, as said, the emergency installation 10.4 is aimed only exceptionally, namely in an "emergency".

The latter will be changed, however, if the access system described above is to act on the door lock 40 not by electrical or electronic control means, but rather only by mechanical control means. In this case too, the assembly of the access system according to the invention shown in the exemplary embodiment can be used. The design and mode of operation of most of the components can remain unchanged, which opens up a large field of application for the access system according to the invention in electrical, mechanical and in the combined electromechanical control means described. A full manual pivoting up to the fourth handle position 10.4 of FIG. 6 is then required, while the above-described third handle position 10.3 can be omitted. In all other respects, the effects described remain. Because a striking torque threshold is not important because the third grip position 10.2 is eliminated, the spring force 47 acting on the lever 42 can be reduced compared to the previously described exemplary embodiment. In fact, this already affects the handle actuation between FIGS. 4 and 6 in the normal case. This mechanical solution also has three handle positions, namely 10.1, 10.2 and 10.4.

It is of independent inventive importance to give the door handle 10 the new function of being cover means for the front end of a locking cylinder, which is arranged as identification means in the vehicle. That is, however in Connection with the special features of claim 1, already mentioned in subclaim 12 and already explained in detail at the beginning of the special description. However, these measures can be used in general for closure devices as specified in the preamble of claim 21. With these devices there is a risk that Dirt and moisture enter the inside of the locking cylinder through the opening and cause disturbances. To prevent this, additional sealants had to be provided in the known devices, which is complicated and time-consuming

The invention has for its object to develop reliable locking devices of the type specified in the preamble of claim 21, which are simpler. This is achieved according to the invention by the measures specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. These then exist to give the door handle the new function of the covering means

In the invention, the arrangement of the door handle 10 with respect to the locking cylinder 35 and the shape of the door handle is selected so that the covering effect is present in the rest position. To do this, the restoring force normally acting on the door handle, which strives to keep the door handle pressed in the rest position as close as possible to the outside of the door, is therefore sufficient for the covering effect according to the invention below the door handle 10 in its rest position 10 1 To arrange the front end of the lock cylinder 35 In order to improve the sealing effect, it is also recommended to use the sealing means 34 mentioned in claim 22 and already described above on the rear side of the door handle 10

B e z u g s z e i c h e n l i s t e

Door handle first handle position, pull-back position second handle position, extended position third handle position, pull-out position fourth handle position, emergency installation axis of 10 arrow of the forced swinging movement between 10 1 and 10.2 arrow of the forced swinging movement between 10 2 and 10 1 arrow of the manual swing movement between 10 1 and 10 3 arrow of full manual swivel movement from 10 between 10 1 and first handle arm of 10, handle bar second handle arm of 10, handle bar traverse between 13, 14, handle bar leg spring for 10 handle restoring force of 10 plug-in link on 10 for 13 plug-in link on 10 for 14 housings bearing tabs on 20 for 1 1 fixed housing position for 16 fixed housing positions for 46 fasteners for 20 inner surface of 25 (Fig. 2) door outer paneling (Fig. 2) electrical component, capacitance switch electrical component, membrane switch electrical contact means at 18 (Fig. 2) handle fastening means at 19 (Fig. 2) eccentric rest position of 30 working position of 30 31 engine, electrical control means

32 residual gap between 10, 20 (Fig. 2)

33 sealant at 18 (Fig. 2)

34 sealant at 35 (Fig. 2)

35 locking cylinder (Fig. 1, 2)

36 key insertion opening in 36 (Fig. 1, 2)

37 human hand

38 microswitch (Fig. 1)

39 control surface at 15 for 38 (Fig. 1)

40 door lock

41 lock arm

41.1 Rest position of 41

41.2 Open position of 41

42 levers

42. 1 rest position of 42

42.2 switching position of 42 (Fig. 6)

43 control arm of 42

44 actuator arm of 42

45 rod between 44, 41

46 leg spring for 42

47 leverage, spring load from 42 to 46

48 free distance between 30, 14 (FIG. 5) 48 ′ large distance between 30, 14 (FIG. 6)

49 turning stop for 42 on 20

50 angular distance between 43, 14 (Fig. 3)

51 mechanical key (Fig. 6)