EP1265544A4 - Reprofilage allonge de la cornee - Google Patents

Reprofilage allonge de la cornee

Info

Publication number
EP1265544A4
EP1265544A4 EP00992192A EP00992192A EP1265544A4 EP 1265544 A4 EP1265544 A4 EP 1265544A4 EP 00992192 A EP00992192 A EP 00992192A EP 00992192 A EP00992192 A EP 00992192A EP 1265544 A4 EP1265544 A4 EP 1265544A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
corneal
prolate
ellipsoid
cornea
ablation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00992192A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1265544A2 (fr
Inventor
Jack T Holladay
Michael Smith
Travis Terry
Lance Marrou
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LaserSight Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
LaserSight Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LaserSight Technologies Inc filed Critical LaserSight Technologies Inc
Priority claimed from US09/679,077 external-priority patent/US6610048B1/en
Priority claimed from PCT/US2000/027425 external-priority patent/WO2001024728A2/fr
Publication of EP1265544A2 publication Critical patent/EP1265544A2/fr
Publication of EP1265544A4 publication Critical patent/EP1265544A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0016—Operational features thereof
    • A61B3/0025—Operational features thereof characterised by electronic signal processing, e.g. eye models
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F9/00802—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for photoablation
    • A61F9/00804—Refractive treatments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/107—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining the shape or measuring the curvature of the cornea
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00861—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser adapted for treatment at a particular location
    • A61F2009/00872—Cornea
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • A61F2009/00878—Planning
    • A61F2009/00882—Planning based on topography

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to apparatus for use in reshaping the cornea of a human eye. More particularly, it relates to human corneal refractive surgery and techniques and apparatus used to model the human eye as an ellipsoid to determine a desired refractive correction.
  • First generation ablating excimer laser systems are characterized by relatively large diameter laser beams (6mm), low laser pulse repetition rates (10Hz), and mechanical means for shaping the resultant ablation profile. These older generation systems cannot achieve the accuracy required to shape the ablation profiles described in this disclosure, nor do they have the resolution necessary to achieve optimal refractive results.
  • the excimer laser system described herein is a later generation system incorporating a small diameter laser beam (1 mm), operating at relatively high laser pulse repetition rate (100 - 200Hz), and incorporating computer controlled x-y scanning to control the ablation pattern.
  • a model of the human eye is used for the initial and target shapes for corneal refractive surgery.
  • the currently utilized technique for planning refractive surgery assumes that the human eye is a spherical globe of a certain radius of curvature r 1 ⁇ as depicted in Fig. 4A.
  • a spherical globe of lesser or greater curvature is targeted to achieve the ideal patient refraction.
  • the intersection between these two globes provides the amount of material to remove from the patient's cornea in order to achieve the target refraction.
  • Fig. 4B depicts a Munnerlyn model wherein a presumed spherical cornea is ablated to a desired spherical shape having a single radius r,'. Using this model, the target corneal surface is always a spherical shape.
  • the cornea is not exactly spherical, and ablation systems and techniques which determined a closest fit sphere to a patient's cornea where somewhat inaccurate because of the differences between the actual shape of the cornea and the best fit sphere modeling the cornea used by the ablation system.
  • Corneal ablation surgery was then extended to use initial and target toroidal surfaces instead of spheres to allow for correction of astigmatic refractive error. Astigmatisms are refractive errors that occur along two different radii.
  • a toroidal surface might be thought of as an 'inner tube' shape, with a major radius r, (the radius of the whole tube) and a minor radius r 2 (the radius of a cross sectional area of the tube), as shown in
  • Fig. 5A Thus, the art had moved from models having a single radius (i.e., spheres) to models having two radii (i.e., toroids).
  • the toroidal surface makes the assumption that the eye shape is circular along any meridian through the optical center of the eye's surface.
  • An exemplary toroidal ablation pattern is shown from above the cornea in Fig. 5B.
  • the human eye is perhaps best modeled by using an ellipsoid instead of a toroid or a sphere. If an ellipsoid is used to model the human eye, the prolate shapes, or surfaces, of the ellipsoid can be used to more accurately describe the true shape of the eye.
  • a prolate shape is one having its polar axis longer than its equatorial diameter. Substituting the ellipsoid shape instead of the toroid shape can then be used to determine the corneal tissue to remove.
  • the ellipsoid shape is a surface in which all plane sections perpendicular to any axis of which are ellipses or circles.
  • the normally flatter portions of the ellipsoid shape are considered as oblate or flattened or depressed at the poles.
  • the steeper areas of the ellipsoid are considered as prolate or elongated in the direction of a line joining the poles.
  • the currently applied models of the human eye utilized to plan ablation profiles assume corneal surfaces that approximate an oblate shape. Light rays refracted through the oblate surface are not confocal; i.e. they do not have the same foci.
  • a prolate corneal modeler in a corneal laser ablation system comprises a corneal measurement input module, and an ellipsoid fitter.
  • the ellipsoid fitter generates a best ellipsoid fit to corneal data input to the ellipsoid fitter using an ellipsoid algorithm having only three degrees of freedom.
  • a method of modeling a corneal surface in accordance with another aspect of the present invention comprises receiving corneal measurement data, and fitting the corneal measurement data to a best fit ellipsoid having only three degrees of freedom.
  • a method of ablating a cornea into a prolate shape in accordance with still another aspect of the present invention comprises determining a desired ablation pattern to form a prolate shaped ellipsoid on a surface of the cornea.
  • An eccentricity of the prolate shaped ellipsoid is adjusted to intentionally leave approximately 10% astigmatism on an ablated surface of the cornea to cancel an astigmatic condition on a posterior side of the cornea and any contribution from lenticular astigmatism.
  • the cornea is ablated in accordance with the adjusted prolate shaped ellipsoid.
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary laser ablation system including ellipsoid modeling control, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 depicts the use of modeling in corneal refractive surgery, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows an exemplary protocol for performing ellipsoid prolate laser ablation, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4A shows a conventional technique for performing refractive surgery which assumes that the human eye is a spherical globe of a certain radius of curvature r 1 t and Fig. 4B depicts a Munnerlyn model of a cornea wherein a presumed spherical cornea is ablated to a desired spherical shape having a single radius r .
  • Fig. 5A shows an advanced model of a cornea as a toroidal surface including a major radius r ⁇ and a minor radius r 2
  • Fig. 5B shows an exemplary toroidal ablation pattern is shown from above the cornea in Fig. 5B.
  • the present invention provides apparatus and techniques for performing prolate shaped corneal reshaping.
  • a spheroequivalent ellipsoid model is implemented to provide a pre- and post- operative approximation of a cornea, and a desired prolate shaped ablation profile is determined based on a desired ellipsoidal shape.
  • the ellipsoid model has only three degrees of freedom (not four as in a conventional biconic or toric techniques) to define a desired ablation profile, providing extremely accurate and predictable long term vision correction.
  • a spheroequivalent (SEQ) value of eccentricity ⁇ or asphericity Q (1 - £ SE Q 2 ) is generated.
  • the eccentricity ⁇ value replaces two numbers of freedom (i.e., eccentricities) in an otherwise conventional biconic modeling system, leaving only three (3) variables to determine for a best fit ellipsoid to a corneal surface, to make accurate prolate ellipsoidal modeling of a cornea possible.
  • the disclosed embodiment of the present invention is specifically related, but not limited, to corneal refractive surgery performed with an ablating laser.
  • An example of an ablating laser system is the LaserScanTM LSX excimer laser system available from LaserSight Technologies, Inc., Winter Park, FL. While the description of the invention is related to laser corneal ablation, the method described herein is equally applicable to other laser systems such as tempto second laser, holmium, etc., and other techniques for corneal correction that include ALK, PTK, RK, and others.
  • the method and apparatus disclosed herein utilizes a model that plans the ablation profile based on generating a prolate shape on the corneal surface, and an excimer laser apparatus with a computer controlled scanning system to ablate the desired profile onto the corneal surface.
  • the prolate surface refracts rays into a better focus configuration, thereby minimizing the occurrence and effects of glare, halos, and loss of night vision from aberrations inherent in an oblate shape.
  • Ellipsoidal surface modeling allows an ablation system to actually leave some astigmatism on the ablated corneal surface, e.g., on the anterior corneal surface, to neutralize astigmatism on the opposite side of the cornea, e.g., on the posterior surface and from the crystalline lens.
  • an amount of residual astigmatism e.g., 10% of the astigmatism
  • an amount of residual astigmatism is preferably left on the ablated front corneal surface to neutralize the related astigmatic error on the back corneal surface.
  • spherical modeling and spherical shaped ablation patterns will not totally correct astigmatism: because it cannot correct for the astigmatic condition also existing on the posterior surface of the cornea. For instance, if a particular cornea is measured to have 10 diopters of net astigmatism (+1 1 diopters on the front of the cornea, and -1 diopter on the posterior surface).
  • a 10 diopter correction is preferred to leave +1 diopters on front surface to balance out a presumed -1 diopter astigmatism on the posterior surface of the cornea.
  • Biconics require an eccentricity parameter in each radial direction, thus there are conventionally at least four parameters of freedom which must be determined to define a particular pre- or postoperative corneal surface.
  • at least four variables must conventionally be 'solved'.
  • Langenbucher implements a simplex algorithm to approximate a model biconic function defined by four (4) or more numbers of freedom to a corneal surface characterized by axial power data.
  • the best fit is defined as a model surface minimizing the distance between the measured dioptric power data of the actual corneal surface and the dioptric power data of the model surface, e.g., using root mean square (RMS) error of the distance.
  • RMS root mean square
  • the conventional four variables for which to solve, or the four numbers of freedom of the biconic function are the first radius r 1t the first eccentricity ⁇ ,, the second radius r 2 , and the second eccentricity ⁇ 2 .
  • the eccentricities ⁇ .,, ⁇ 2 essentially define the amount of ovalness to the relevant surface. The greater the eccentricity, the greater the oval.
  • the present invention appreciates that using a biconic ellipsoidal model with four (4) degrees of freedom, all four degrees can't be fully solved or ideally fit to otherwise conventional stereo topographical input data, only three (3) parameters can be used for the ellipsoid (r.,, r 2 , ⁇ ).
  • the present invention provides apparatus and techniques which provide an ellipsoidal model having only three (3) degrees of freedom. Using conventional refractive measurements (e.g., stereo topography measurements of the corneal surface), these three degrees or numbers of freedom can be accurately solved to fit conventional topographical input data to model the corneal surface.
  • the ellipsoidal model is reduced to only three (3) degrees of freedom, allowing a more accurate solution and more accurate post-operative results.
  • a clinical target of a post operative ellipse is utilized in the biconic model to reduce the four (4) degrees of freedom in Langenbucher's system to only three (3).
  • the biconic does not have elliptical cross-sections and does not truly reflect regular astigmatism.
  • the present invention utilizes apparatus and techniques which replace the two eccentricities ⁇ ,, ⁇ 2 of the conventional ellipsoidal model with a single spheroequivalent eccentricity Q SEQ .
  • the present invention defines and provides a 'spheroequivalent' ellipsoidal model of a cornea, which essentially is an ellipsoidal equation solved for an average human's cornea, leaving only three (3) variables to be processed for a best fit to corneal measurement data.
  • the formula for defining an ellipsoid requires three parameters (along an x-axis defined as r x , along a y-axis defined as r y , and ⁇ spheroequivalent eccentricity. These parameters can be directly applied to a grided area centered about the origin utilizing a pseudo- code.
  • the r x and r y values are given directly as the curvature values normally used by the toroid derivation.
  • the additional ⁇ parameter may be defined by the eccentricity parameter ⁇ SEQ .
  • the spheroequivalent eccentricity ⁇ SEQ is derived as follows:
  • the spheroequivalent ellipsoidal model requires a first keratometric value K, at a first axis (e.g., the x-axis), and a second keratomethc value K 2 at a second axis (e.g., the y-axis). Then, these constants K 1 ⁇ K 2 are converted into two- dimensions including the z-axis. In particular, the first constant K, value is converted to another constant in two-dimensions Kxz, and the second constant K 2 value is converted to another constant in two- dimensions K Y2 . This involves rotation with respect to the x-axis and the y-axis when they are not with-the-rule (90 ° ) or against-the-rule
  • the eccentricity is assumed.
  • post-operative corneal topography data is used to empirically determine a mean eccentricity value.
  • K SEQ K SEQ
  • the keratometric index of the keratometer used for measurement is factored in to arrive at an equation for the spheroequivalent radius R SEQ .
  • the keratometric index is not standardized from one keratometer to another.
  • a keratometer manufactured by HUMPHREYTM was used, having a particular keratometric index of 337.5.
  • the present invention relates to any keratometer having any keratometer index, e.g., 333.6, 333.2, etc.
  • pre-operative refractive measurements and keratometry or topography measurements are taken for the patient's cornea to obtain per-operative front surface power measurements.
  • the refractive measurements include refraction, K readings, and asphericity. Generally speaking, no two patients have the same refractive measurements. In accordance with the principles of the present invention, these measurements are fitted into an ellipsoid having three numbers of freedom, ,, K 2 and Q SEQ . This defines an ellipsoid (prolate) shape.
  • a best fit ellipsoid having three (3) numbers of freedom is determined based on patient refractive measurement data, and a difference between an ideal ellipsoid and the best fit spheroequivalent ellipsoid is determined, forming the basis of the ablation profile.
  • the input measurement data may be smoothed prior to computing a best fit ellipsoid.
  • a bivariate Fourier series smoothing program provides adequate smoothing of topographical input data in the disclosed embodiments to present more uniform input data to a best fit three (3) parameter ellipsoid module to arrive at a more accurate ellipsoidal model.
  • An exemplary Fourier series bivariate may use either two variable 2 nd order to two variable 5 th order smoothing.
  • the smoothing may be performed on the difference data between the pre-operative refractive measurement data and the ideal three (3) parameter spheroequivalent ellipsoid, to generate an irregular difference matrix from the best fit preoperative ellipse.
  • Additional or alternative smoothing may be performed, e.g., by visually reviewing three-dimensional graphical results to look for sports or outlying data points and/or high frequency components.
  • the final smoothed difference matrix determines a custom ablation component, i.e., the desired ablation profile.
  • the ablation of the difference is performed.
  • the resulting corneal shape is measured topographically.
  • the resulting corneal shape should ideally fit the ideal spheroequivalent ellipsoid as programmed into the ablation system.
  • outside factors may and do influence the actual ablation profile (e.g., poor height data, interference from ablation plumes, moisture buildup on the cornea, etc.)
  • the low resolution of height data is believed to be a major factor in delta measurements between the desired ideal ellipsoidal shape and the actual postoperative ellipsoidal shape of the cornea.
  • height data from a commercially available ORBSCANTM refractive measurement device is believed to have undesirable resolution of height data for the purposes of the present invention.
  • a commercially available EYESYSTM topographical system is found to provide adequate corneal surface height data, particularly when augmented by integration between the 51x51 matrix of measurement points using curvature data to provide integrated height data between measurement points.
  • a delta Q SEQ correction factor matrix is established to compensate for differences between the ideal three (3) parameter ellipsoid and the shape of the post-operative cornea.
  • the Q SEQ correction factor matrix preferably corresponds to each of the points of measurement of the measurement system (e.g., topographical input data matrix), and relates to a depth of ablation difference at each measurement point between what was expected of the scanning ablation system and what actually results from patient to patient, essentially 'correcting' each of the measurement points taken pre- operatively.
  • the Q SEQ correction factor matrix may be established empirically. Current embodiments utilize topographical height data and a 51 x 51 point correction matrix. Empirical information can be used to refine the correction matrix. For instance, an 'average' compensation factor can be derived for each of the 51 x 51 points based on a difference between expected ablation depth (i.e., pre-operation value) and actual ablation depth (i.e., post-operation value), and a compensation factor can be used to correct the expected ablation depth to be equal to the presumed actual ablation depth.
  • the compensation factors form a transfer function matrix.
  • correction factor matrix can refine the amount of induced oblateness to result more closely in the desired prolate ellipsoidal shape.
  • the correction factor matrix may be refined empirically for particular laser ablation systems by adjusting initial K- values and/or Q-values in addition to the amount of treatment.
  • Prolate ablation using accurate three (3) parameter ellipsoid modeling provides important advantages, particularly over conventional spherical, toric and biconic techniques. For instance, if a person's pupil is between about 2.8 mm and 6 mm, it is found that spherical modeling is not preferred because the spherical aberration may be too great. If the pupil is greater than about 6 mm, using spherical modeling the cornea would no longer be prolate after surgery, degrading the optics of the eye and resulting in spherical aberration, resulting in halos and glare to the patient.
  • Prolate ablation using ellipsoidal modeling with three (3) degrees of freedom in accordance with the principles of the present invention is best used with regular astigmatism.
  • bi-conic modeling is disadvantageous because the four (4) degrees of freedom can produce a shape whose cross-section is not an ellipse and cannot be corrected to sphero-cylindric lenses (i.e., regular astigmatism).
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary laser ablation system including spheroequivalent ellipsoid modeling control, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a ellipsoid prolate laser ablation system 300 including a scanning ablation laser 380, a pre- operative ellipsoid fitter 320, a smoothing module 330, a post-operative spheroequivalent ellipsoid determiner 340, a prolate ablation profiler 350, and a custom prolate ablation profiler 360.
  • the scanning ablation laser 380 (e.g., an excimer laser, 193 nm fundamental wavelength, 10 mJ/pulse max output at fundamental wavelength).
  • An otherwise conventional scanning ablation laser 380 such as in LaserScanTM LSX excimer laser system available from LaserSight Technologies, Inc. includes an exemplary ablation laser 380.
  • the prolate laser ablation system 300 further includes a prolate corneal modeler controller 302, including a suitable processor (e.g., microprocessor, microcontroller, or digital signal processor (DSP)), such as the laser ablation system controller found in the LaserScanTM LSX excimer laser system.
  • a suitable processor e.g., microprocessor, microcontroller, or digital signal processor (DSP)
  • the prolate corneal modeler controller 302 controls software based modules capable of determining an ellipsoidal ablation pattern and directing prolate-shaped corneal refractive surgery. While shown as separate modules in Fig. 1 , spheroequivalent refractive surgery may be directed with combined modules and/or separated modules, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the prolate corneal modeler controller 302 communicates with a refractive measurement input module 310.
  • the refractive measurement input module 310 may be any suitable input device (e.g., keyboard, serial or parallel link to corneal topography equipment, etc.) which allows input of refractive measurement data.
  • Fig. 2 depicts the use of modeling in corneal refractive surgery, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • a corneal surface 130 is refractively measured pre-operatively using, e.g., topographical measurements, checkered placido measurements, refractive measurements, etc.
  • a cross-sectional view of a measured corneal surface 130 is depicted in Fig. 2.
  • the refractive measurement input module 310 includes a suitable measurement input program to extract three (3) or more (up to six (6) or more if necessary) preoperative exams to run on, e.g., an Eyesys 2000 system.
  • the refractive measurement input module 310 may be adapted to also or alternatively accept three (3) or more exported exams if sent to "Custom Ablation Center" for evaluation.
  • the resultant refractive measurement data may result in a matrix, e.g., a 51 X 51 point array in patient orientation with means and standard deviations. Preferably, standard deviations are less than 1 micron.
  • the center point (26, 26) of the 51 x 51 point should be the vertex zero, and all other points should relate to a mean "drop" in height from vertex in microns.
  • the pre-operative spheroequivalent ellipsoid fitter 320 utilizes the three (3) number of freedom ellipsoid modeling techniques disclosed herein to determine a best fit ellipsoid 100 to the pre- operative refractive measurements, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the smoothing and/or frequency filter module 330 may utilize, e.g., a Fourier Series Bivariate using either 2 variable 2 nd order to 2 variable 5 th order.
  • the smoothing in the disclosed embodiment was performed on the difference in each matrix point between the measured preoperative refractive measurement data and the ideal ellipsoid. This generates an "irregular difference" matrix from the best fit preoperative ellipse.
  • the final smoothed difference matrix determines the custom ablation component, and when combined in the transfer MATRIX results in the ablation profile.
  • the post-operative spheroequivalent ellipsoid determiner
  • 340 determines a desired postoperative ellipse 150 (Fig. 2) from vector analysis using the preoperative K's, preoperative refraction, desired postoperative refraction and vertex distances. All calculations are preferably calculated at the corneal plane after vertexing.
  • the ideal asphericity preferably maintains the Q-value.
  • the prolate ablation profiler 350 determines a desired ablation profile. To compensate for oblateness due to a particular laser ablation system, the predicted oblateness from the spheroequivalent ellipsoid equation may be added to the actual pre- operative value of Q SEQ to give the initial Q-value for the pre-operative cornea.
  • a pre-operative Q-value would be +0.75, with a post-operative target of -0.25.
  • a desired ablation profile for programming into the ablation laser system may be determined for, e.g., a 6.5 mm optical zone.
  • a spheroequivalent ellipsoid having three (3) degrees of freedom in accordance with the principles of the present invention is capable of being used for any treatment diameter from 5 to 9 mm, where the optical zone is always 1.0 mm less than the treatment zone before blending.
  • the present invention may or may not be used in conjunction with custom ablation techniques.
  • the disclosed embodiments relate to the use of corneal topography to provide customized cornea data
  • the principles of the present invention relate equally to prolate ablation using only refractive measurements of the subject cornea.
  • the custom prolate ablation profiler 360 may smooth the irregular difference matrix, and/or multiplied by a correction factor transfer function based on a machine- specific calibration factor matrix 370.
  • the transferred smooth irregular difference matrix may then be added to the prolate ablation profile to arrive at a desired custom prolate ablation profile.
  • the custom prolate ablation profile matrix may be smoothed in a particular ablation region, e.g., between the 6 and 7 mm zone, the result being a final custom prolate ablation profile matrix which is imported into the laser ablation system.
  • Fig. 3 shows an exemplary protocol for performing ellipsoid prolate laser ablation, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.

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  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil et des techniques qui permettent de réaliser un reprofilage allongé de la cornée. Selon les techniques de l'invention, un système d'ablation à balayage laser comprend des modules d'adaptation pour adapter des données d'entrée relatives à des mesures de réfraction ou topographiques à un modèle ellipsoïde à trois (3) variables, ce qui permet d'effectuer des évaluations pré- et post-opératoires d'une cornée. Un profil d'ablation allongé désiré est déterminé sur la base d'une forme ellipsoïdale allongée désirée. Conformément aux principes de l'invention, le modèle ellipsoïde sphéro-équivalent présente seulement trois degrés de liberté (et non pas quatre comme pour une technique biconique classique) pour définir un profil d'ablation désiré en fournissant une correction de la vision à long terme extrêmement précise et prévisible. Pour arriver à un modèle ellipsoïde présentant seulement trois degrés de liberté, une valeur d'asphéricité QSEQ sphéro-équivalent (SEQ) est générée. La valeur QSEQ d'excentricité sphéro-équivalente (SEQ) remplace deux degrés de liberté (c.-à-d. des excentricités) dans un système de modélisation biconique autrement classique, en laissant seulement trois (3) variables déterminer l'ellipsoïde le plus adapté à une surface cornéenne, afin de permettre une modélisation ellipsoïdale allongée précise d'une cornée, et de limiter les résultats à un astigmatisme normal pouvant être corrigé par des sphérocylindres optiques.
EP00992192A 1999-10-05 2000-10-05 Reprofilage allonge de la cornee Withdrawn EP1265544A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15780399P 1999-10-05 1999-10-05
US157803P 1999-10-05
US22372800P 2000-08-08 2000-08-08
US223728P 2000-08-08
US09/679,077 US6610048B1 (en) 1999-10-05 2000-10-05 Prolate shaped corneal reshaping
PCT/US2000/027425 WO2001024728A2 (fr) 1999-10-05 2000-10-05 Reprofilage allonge de la cornee
2001-06-11

Publications (2)

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EP1265544A2 EP1265544A2 (fr) 2002-12-18
EP1265544A4 true EP1265544A4 (fr) 2003-08-06

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EP00992192A Withdrawn EP1265544A4 (fr) 1999-10-05 2000-10-05 Reprofilage allonge de la cornee

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EP (1) EP1265544A4 (fr)
BR (1) BR0014497A (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4710193A (en) * 1986-08-18 1987-12-01 David Volk Accommodating intraocular lens and lens series and method of lens selection
US5807381A (en) * 1995-10-18 1998-09-15 Scientific Optics, Inc. Method and apparatus for improving vision
DE19752595C1 (de) * 1997-11-27 1999-07-15 Firouz Alavi Gerät und Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer Vielzahl von Parametern einer gekrümmten Oberfläche, insbesondere einer Hornhautoberfläche

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4710193A (en) * 1986-08-18 1987-12-01 David Volk Accommodating intraocular lens and lens series and method of lens selection
US5807381A (en) * 1995-10-18 1998-09-15 Scientific Optics, Inc. Method and apparatus for improving vision
DE19752595C1 (de) * 1997-11-27 1999-07-15 Firouz Alavi Gerät und Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer Vielzahl von Parametern einer gekrümmten Oberfläche, insbesondere einer Hornhautoberfläche

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Title
MAMMONE R J ET AL: "3-D CORNEAL MODELING SYSTEM", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, IEEE INC. NEW YORK, US, vol. 37, no. 1, 1990, pages 66 - 72, XP000101195, ISSN: 0018-9294 *

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Publication number Publication date
BR0014497A (pt) 2002-06-11
EP1265544A2 (fr) 2002-12-18

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