EP1265329A1 - Spark plug of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Spark plug of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1265329A1
EP1265329A1 EP02010193A EP02010193A EP1265329A1 EP 1265329 A1 EP1265329 A1 EP 1265329A1 EP 02010193 A EP02010193 A EP 02010193A EP 02010193 A EP02010193 A EP 02010193A EP 1265329 A1 EP1265329 A1 EP 1265329A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark plug
ground electrode
swirl chamber
wall
plug according
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP02010193A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1265329B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Francesconi
Christoph Egger
Johann Klausner
Friedrich Gruber
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Innio Jenbacher GmbH and Co OG
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Jenbacher AG
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Application filed by Jenbacher AG filed Critical Jenbacher AG
Priority to AT02010193T priority Critical patent/ATE272906T1/en
Priority to DK02010193T priority patent/DK1265329T3/en
Publication of EP1265329A1 publication Critical patent/EP1265329A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1265329B1 publication Critical patent/EP1265329B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/54—Sparking plugs having electrodes arranged in a partly-enclosed ignition chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/46—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps
    • H01T13/467—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps in parallel connection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spark plug of an internal combustion engine, especially for use in gasoline engines, with an insulator body, one Base center electrode, at least one ground electrode and at least one Vortex chamber, the electrodes of the spark plug being one, in particular cylindrical, wall of the vortex chamber are surrounded. Furthermore the invention relates to a method for producing a spark plug.
  • spark plugs currently available for industrial gas engines are often about products that were derived from the automotive industry and through corresponding improvements for preferred use in industrial gas engines have been adjusted.
  • These candles usually have a cylindrical center electrode on, which is provided with a precious metal pin.
  • With the ground electrodes are Variants with hook electrodes as well as with two to four attached on the side Electrode fingers in use.
  • the hook electrodes can also be used with a Precious metal plate be provided.
  • Such spark plugs are e.g. from EP 0834973 A2, EP 0859436 A1, EP 1049222 A1, DE 196 41 856 A1 and WO 95/25372 are known.
  • the disadvantage of these spark plugs is essentially that the Flow conditions in the area of the ignition point completely from the Depending on the flow conditions in the combustion chamber of the respective cylinder. It can for example, to blow out the spark when the Flow rates of the gas-air mixture are too high.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a spark plug with a To create a vortex chamber as well as a process for its manufacture in which the above described disadvantages of the prior art are eliminated.
  • At least one Ground electrode support arrangement with several inward facing, preferably flat, ground electrodes or several ground electrode carriers, each after inside, preferably flat, ground electrodes on the wall of the Whirl chamber is (are) arranged.
  • the arrangement of a ground electrode carrier arrangement or several ground electrode carriers on the swirl chamber ensures that the one multiple ignition sparks are generated at the same time and the other run along defined spark gaps. This increases both the tool life and also the reliability of the spark plug.
  • the wall of the swirl chamber has openings for Passage of fuel-air mixture has. These openings are like this designed to allow good mixture access.
  • the combustion chamber end the wall of the vortex chamber has an opening, or is completely open.
  • the openings in the wall of the swirl chamber provide that they are designed as a hole (s) or slot (s) and / or polygon (s) and / or ellipse (s) is (are).
  • the Wall of the vortex chamber designed to be electrically conductive and electrically conductive with one, preferably a threaded lower housing part is connected. This ensures that the ground electrodes over the Ground electrode support or the ground electrode support arrangement and over the Wall of the swirl chamber and the spark plug housing connected to it in a conductive manner are grounded.
  • the ground electrode carrier or the ground electrode support arrangement on the wall of the swirl chamber are welded on.
  • the Ground electrode support arrangement as an integrated component, preferably ring-like in the wall of the swirl chamber is integrated.
  • the term denotes Ground electrode support arrangement an arrangement of several Ground electrode carriers on which in turn at least one Ground electrode is arranged.
  • the Ground electrode support arrangement provide that at least one Ground electrode support arrangement preferably four perpendicular to each other has arranged flat ground electrodes. Particularly cheap to manufacture and durability is that the swirl chamber along with the Ground electrode carriers or the ground electrode carrier arrangement in one piece is trained.
  • the spark plug at least has a center electrode support, preferably four perpendicular to each other arranged, flat, preferably outwardly facing center electrodes on Center electrode carriers are arranged.
  • the center electrode carrier can again have one or more fingers or individual center electrode carriers, with the Fingers or individual center electrode carriers in turn each have at least one Center electrode is arranged.
  • this combination achieved that the electrodes of the central electrode carrier and Ground electrode carrier or the ground electrode carrier arrangement in pairs opposite, plane-parallel, an insulating air gap between each other having, are arranged.
  • the Overall component size reached very long electrode burn-up edges. This carries significantly improve the life of the spark plug.
  • a favorable variant also provides that the wall of the swirl chamber is manufactured as an integral part of the lower housing part.
  • Another preferred Embodiment provides that the swirl chamber in the area of at least one Ground electrode carrier and / or at least one ground electrode carrier arrangement at least one exemption to readjust the ground electrode carrier and / or the ground electrode carrier arrangement and / or the ground electrode. By this possibility of readjusting the electrodes will extend the life of the Spark plug further improved.
  • an adjustment of the Electrode spacing possible for various operating parameters.
  • the center electrode support is adjustable.
  • a particularly favorable method for producing a spark plug according to the above mentioned features provides that the wall of the swirl chamber with at least a ground electrode and / or at least one ground electrode carrier and / or with at least one ground electrode support arrangement and / or the Center electrode carrier manufactured individually and then on commercially available Spark plugs can be attached.
  • This method according to the invention makes it possible thus, inexpensive standard industrial spark plugs as they are commercially available from various spark plug manufacturers are offered to use. Because of this A spark plug according to the invention can be produced from a very large number of methods various standard industrial spark plug types. Furthermore it is possible to manufacture a large number of different spark plugs at low cost.
  • the wall of the swirl chamber on at least one ground electrode of a commercially available spark plug pulsed and / or continuously working laser welding process and / or Electrode beam welding process and / or soldering process and / or Resistance welding process is welded on.
  • the central electrode carrier on at least one base central electrode of the Insulator body of a standard commercial spark plug using pulsed and / or continuously working laser welding process and / or Electrode beam welding process and / or soldering process and / or Resistance welding process is welded on.
  • a swirl chamber 3 is attached to the lower housing part 4 on the motor side whose combustion chamber end 15 is open.
  • Other alternatives can also be used Nickel-based alloys or high-temperature stainless steels for the wall 13 for Come into play.
  • the vortex chamber 3 is alternatively also in one piece as integrating part of the lower housing part 4 manufactured.
  • the wall 13 of the swirl chamber 3 has openings 2 which are good Allow mixture access.
  • the openings 2 can be bores, slots, Polygons or ellipses or similar form can be executed.
  • the swirl chamber 3 and the ground electrode carrier 6 can be made in one piece. However, it is also possible to use rectangular ones To weld metal cuboid 5 as a ground electrode support 6 in the swirl chamber (Fig. 3). This can also be done by welding one Ground electrode support arrangement 8 take place. This is in Fig. 4 as an annular Arrangement 8 shown.
  • the wall 13 of the swirl chamber 3 can be a or more exemption (s) 12, making it possible to Readjust the ground electrode carrier 6 or the ground electrode carrier arrangement 8 (Fig. 5).
  • the ground electrode carriers 6 are with noble metal platelets as ground electrodes 9 provided, these are lasered on one or both sides with the carrier 6 welded. The weld is attached so that on the electrode sides of the Gap is closed. That is, between precious metal platelets 9 and There is no open gap (or opening) through which gas ground electrode carrier 6 can occur.
  • the ground electrodes 9 come in the illustrated embodiment Precious metal plate with the dimensions 6.25 x 1.6 x 0.5 mm (it can also other dimensions are used).
  • a noble metal e.g. a Alloy made of Pt Rh alloys (90/10, 95/5, 80/20, 75/25) can be used.
  • Pulsed lasers continuously operating lasers (CW lasers), Electron beam welding or vacuum and high vacuum soldering as well as plasma welding or resistance welding technology.
  • the base center electrode (not shown here) of the spark plug insulator 1 is welded to a central electrode carrier 10.
  • the Center electrode carrier 10 can be in coordination with the swirl chamber 3 and Ground electrodes 6 or the ground electrode support arrangement 8 the spark position be determined.
  • the center electrode carrier 10 is placed on the base center electrode pushed on until it lies flush with the ceramic center electrode insulator base 14. In in this position it is with the base center electrode on the welded connection 11 welded.
  • the base center electrode is high pressure-proof. On Pressing out of the ceramic base due to the engine pressure is not possible since the center electrode carrier 10 welded to the base center electrode Ceramic base 14 is shouldered.
  • the weld connection 11 between Center electrode carrier 10 and base center electrode is welded to a pulsed laser. However, it can also be a continuous working laser (CW laser), the electron beam welding process, a soldering process or resistance welding technology can be used.
  • CW laser continuous working laser
  • the weld 11 can be along the entire length of the base center electrode take place, so from the outside through the central electrode carrier 10 on the Base center electrode is welded through. It can be one or more Spot welds as well as one or more seam welds which in Longitudinal axis several times on the circumference if necessary or radial multiple times on the if required Perimeter can be arranged.
  • the center electrode carrier 10 is designed so that it has good access to the mixture allows. Due to its design shown in detail in FIG. 6, it is easy Readjustment possible.
  • the center electrode carrier is designed so that Central electrode precious metal plate 17 with a length of greater than 4 mm can be welded on. In the concrete invention, the edge length is the center electrode carrier 17 6.25 mm.
  • the central electrode carrier 10 is 4 separate individual center electrode supports 16, on which the Precious metal plates are welded on as center electrodes 17. These are by means of Laser welded to the carrier on one or both sides. The weld is like this attached that the gap is closed on the electrode sides. This means There is no open gap between the precious metal plate and the electrode carrier fingers (or opening) through which gas can enter.
  • Inco Alloy 600 is used as the material for the central electrode carrier 10 (WNr. 24816) are used.
  • Other alternatives can also be used Nickel-based alloys or high-temperature stainless steels are used.
  • platelets come with the Dimensions 6.25 x 2.0 x 0.5 mm (other dimensions can also be used be used.
  • a noble metal e.g. again Pt Rh alloys (90/10, 95/5, 80/20, 75/25) can be used.

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  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Abstract

A spark plug of an internal combustion engine, in particular for use in Otto-cycle gas engines, comprising an insulator body, a base central electrode, at least one ground electrode and at least one swirl chamber, wherein the electrodes of the spark plug are surrounded by a wall, which in particular is in the form of a surface of a cylinder, of the swirl chamber, wherein at least one ground electrode carrier arrangement (8) with a plurality of inwardly facing, preferably flat ground electrodes (9) or a plurality of ground electrode carriers (6) each with inwardly facing, preferably flat ground electrodes (9) is or are arranged at the wall (13) of the swirl chamber (3).

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Zündkerze einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere für den Einsatz bei Ottogasmotoren, mit einem Isolatorkörper, einer Basismittelelektrode, mindestens einer Masseelektrode und mindestens einer Wirbelkammer, wobei die Elektroden der Zündkerze von einer, insbesondere zylindermantelförmigen, Wandung der Wirbelkammer umgeben sind. Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerze.The present invention relates to a spark plug of an internal combustion engine, especially for use in gasoline engines, with an insulator body, one Base center electrode, at least one ground electrode and at least one Vortex chamber, the electrodes of the spark plug being one, in particular cylindrical, wall of the vortex chamber are surrounded. Furthermore The invention relates to a method for producing a spark plug.

Bei den derzeit verfügbaren Zündkerzen für Industriegasmotoren handelt es sich vielfach um Produkte, welche aus der Automobilindustrie abgeleitet wurden und durch entsprechende Verbesserungen für den vorzugsweisen Einsatz in Industriegasmotoren angepaßt wurden. Diese Kerzen weisen in der Regel eine zylindrische Mittelelektrode auf, welche mit einem Edelmetallpin versehen ist. Bei den Masseelektroden sind sowohl Varianten mit Hakenelektrode als auch mit zwei bis vier seitlich angebrachten Elektrodenfingern im Einsatz. Die Hakenelektroden können ebenfalls mit einem Edelmetallplättchen versehen sein. Solche Zündkerzen sind z.B. aus der EP 0834973 A2, EP 0859436 A1, EP 1049222 A1, DE 196 41 856 A1 sowie WO 95/25372 bekannt. Der Nachteil dieser Zündkerzen besteht unter anderem im wesentlichen darin, daß die Strömungsverhältnisse im Bereich des Zündortes vollständig von den Strömungsverhältnissen im Brennraum des jeweiligen Zylinders abhängen. So kann es zum Beispiel zum Ausblasen des Zündfunkens kommen, wenn die Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten des Gas-Luftgemisches zu groß sind.The spark plugs currently available for industrial gas engines are often about products that were derived from the automotive industry and through corresponding improvements for preferred use in industrial gas engines have been adjusted. These candles usually have a cylindrical center electrode on, which is provided with a precious metal pin. With the ground electrodes are Variants with hook electrodes as well as with two to four attached on the side Electrode fingers in use. The hook electrodes can also be used with a Precious metal plate be provided. Such spark plugs are e.g. from EP 0834973 A2, EP 0859436 A1, EP 1049222 A1, DE 196 41 856 A1 and WO 95/25372 are known. The disadvantage of these spark plugs is essentially that the Flow conditions in the area of the ignition point completely from the Depending on the flow conditions in the combustion chamber of the respective cylinder. It can for example, to blow out the spark when the Flow rates of the gas-air mixture are too high.

Um diesen Nachteil zu beseitigen ist es aus den Schriften US 5,554,908 A, US 2,776,394 A und FR 2.131.938 A bereits bekannt, die Elektroden der Zündkerze mit einer zylinderförmigen Wirbelkammer zu umgeben. Die in der US 5,554,908 A gezeigte Anordnung hat jedoch unter anderem den Nachteil, daß keine definierten Masseelektroden vorgesehen sind und die Zündfunken sich zwischen den Mittelelektroden und einem beliebigen Punkt an der als Masseelektrode fungierenden Wirbelkammer ausbreiten. Bei den in den Schriften US 2,776,394 A und FR 2.131.938 A gezeigten Zündkerzen besteht der Nachteil, daß jeweils nur eine oder zwei kleinflächige Masseelektroden vorhanden sind, welche verhältnismäßig kurze Standzeiten aufweisen und durch Abnützung oder Verschmutzung rasch gebrauchsunfähig werden. To eliminate this disadvantage, it is from US 5,554,908 A, US 2,776,394 A and FR 2,131,938 A already known, the electrodes of the spark plug with to surround a cylindrical vortex chamber. The one shown in US 5,554,908 A However, arrangement has the disadvantage, among other things, that none are defined Ground electrodes are provided and the ignition sparks between the Center electrodes and any point on the acting as a ground electrode Spread out the vortex chamber. In the US 2,776,394 A and FR 2,131,938 A shown spark plugs has the disadvantage that only one or two at a time small-area ground electrodes are available, which are relatively short Have downtimes and quickly due to wear or soiling become unusable.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es somit, eine Zündkerze mit einer Wirbelkammer sowie ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung zu schaffen, bei der die oben geschilderten Nachteile des Standes der Technik behoben sind.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a spark plug with a To create a vortex chamber as well as a process for its manufacture in which the above described disadvantages of the prior art are eliminated.

Dies wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß mindestens eine Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung mit mehreren nach innen weisenden, vorzugsweise flächigen, Masseelektroden oder mehrere Masseelektrodenträger mit jeweils nach innen weisenden, vorzugsweise flächigen, Masseelektroden an der Wandung der Wirbelkammer angeordnet ist (sind).This is achieved according to the invention in that at least one Ground electrode support arrangement with several inward facing, preferably flat, ground electrodes or several ground electrode carriers, each after inside, preferably flat, ground electrodes on the wall of the Whirl chamber is (are) arranged.

Durch die Einfassung des Elektrodenbereichs mittels Wirbelkammer können am Zündort kontrollierte Strömungs- und Verwirbelungsbedingungen des Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches bewirkt werden. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, daß am Zündort eine für die Zündung und den Zündverlauf optimale Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und Verwirbelung des Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches vorliegt. Dies führt zu einer optimierten und schnellen Verbrennung des Brennstoff-Luftgemisches im Brennraum des Zylinders und damit zu einer optimalen und umweltschonenden Energieausbeute der Brennkraftmaschine. Erfindungsgemäß wird durch die Anordnung einer Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung oder mehrerer Masseelektrodenträger an der Wirbelkammer sichergestellt, daß zum einen mehrere Zündfunken gleichzeitig erzeugt werden und diese zum anderen entlang definierter Funkenstrecken verlaufen. Dies erhöht sowohl die Standzeit als auch die Zuverlässigkeit der Zündkerze.By enclosing the electrode area by means of a vortex chamber on Ignition location controlled flow and swirl conditions of the fuel-air mixture be effected. This ensures that at the ignition location one for the Ignition and the ignition course optimal flow speed and swirl of the fuel-air mixture is present. This leads to an optimized and quick Combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber of the cylinder and thus too an optimal and environmentally friendly energy yield of the internal combustion engine. According to the invention, the arrangement of a ground electrode carrier arrangement or several ground electrode carriers on the swirl chamber ensures that the one multiple ignition sparks are generated at the same time and the other run along defined spark gaps. This increases both the tool life and also the reliability of the spark plug.

Besonders günstig ist es hierbei, daß die Wandung der Wirbelkammer Öffnungen zum Durchlaß von Brennstoff-Luftgemisch aufweist. Diese Öffnungen sind dabei derart gestaltet, daß sie guten Gemischzugang ermöglichen.It is particularly favorable here that the wall of the swirl chamber has openings for Passage of fuel-air mixture has. These openings are like this designed to allow good mixture access.

Im Sinne einer optimalen Zündung des gesamten im Brennraum befindlichen Brennstoff-Luftgemisches ist es besonders günstig, daß das brennkammerseitige Ende der Wandung der Wirbelkammer eine Öffnung aufweist, oder vollständig geöffnet ist. Günstige Varianten der Öffnungen in der Wandung der Wirbelkammer sehen vor, daß sie als Bohrung(en) oder Schlitz(e) und/oder Vieleck(e) und/oder Ellipse(n) ausgebildet ist (sind). In the sense of an optimal ignition of everything in the combustion chamber Fuel-air mixture, it is particularly favorable that the combustion chamber end the wall of the vortex chamber has an opening, or is completely open. Favorable variants of the openings in the wall of the swirl chamber provide that they are designed as a hole (s) or slot (s) and / or polygon (s) and / or ellipse (s) is (are).

Im Sinne einer optimalen Beeinflussung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten des Brennstoff-Luftgemisches im Bereich des Zündortes ist es besonders günstig, daß das brennkammerseitige Ende der Wandung der Wirbelkammer über die Elektroden hinausragt.In the sense of optimally influencing the flow velocities of the Fuel-air mixture in the area of the ignition location, it is particularly favorable that the end of the wall of the vortex chamber on the combustion chamber side via the electrodes protrudes.

Um einen entsprechenden Spannungsaufbau bzw. Stromfluß zu ermöglichen ist die Wandung der Wirbelkammer elektrisch leitend ausgebildet und elektrisch leitend mit einem, vorzugsweise ein Gewinde aufweisendem Gehäuseunterteil verbunden ist. Hierdurch wird sichergestellt, daß die Masseelektroden über die Masseelektrodenträger oder die Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung und über die Wandung der Wirbelkammer und das damit leitend verbundene Zündkerzengehäuse geerdet sind.To enable a corresponding voltage build-up or current flow, the Wall of the vortex chamber designed to be electrically conductive and electrically conductive with one, preferably a threaded lower housing part is connected. This ensures that the ground electrodes over the Ground electrode support or the ground electrode support arrangement and over the Wall of the swirl chamber and the spark plug housing connected to it in a conductive manner are grounded.

Günstige Ausführungsformen sehen dabei vor, daß die Masseelektrodenträger oder die Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung an der Wandung der Wirbelkammer angeschweißt sind (ist). Alternativ hierzu kann auch vorgesehen sein, daß die Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung als integrierter Bestandteil, vorzugsweise ringartig in die Wandung der Wirbelkammer integriert ist. Hierbei bezeichnet der Begriff Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung eine Anordnung von mehreren Masseelektrodenträgern auf welchen jeweils wiederum mindestens eine Masseelektrode angeordnet ist. Günstige Ausführungsformen der Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung sehen vor, daß mindestens eine Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung vorzugsweise vier senkrecht zueinander angeordnete flächige Masseelektroden aufweist. Besonders günstig in der Herstellung und Haltbarkeit ist es, daß die Wirbelkammer zusammen mit den Masseelektrodenträgern oder der Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung einstückig ausgebildet ist.Favorable embodiments provide that the ground electrode carrier or the ground electrode support arrangement on the wall of the swirl chamber are welded on. Alternatively, it can also be provided that the Ground electrode support arrangement as an integrated component, preferably ring-like in the wall of the swirl chamber is integrated. Here the term denotes Ground electrode support arrangement an arrangement of several Ground electrode carriers on which in turn at least one Ground electrode is arranged. Favorable embodiments of the Ground electrode support arrangement provide that at least one Ground electrode support arrangement preferably four perpendicular to each other has arranged flat ground electrodes. Particularly cheap to manufacture and durability is that the swirl chamber along with the Ground electrode carriers or the ground electrode carrier arrangement in one piece is trained.

Als Gegenstück zu dieser Art der Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung oder den Masseelektrodenträgern ist es besonders günstig, daß die Zündkerze mindestens einen Mittelelektrodenträger aufweist, wobei vorzugsweise vier senkrecht zueinander angeordnete, flächige, vorzugsweise nach außen weisende Mittelelektroden am Mittelelektrodenträger angeordnet sind. Hierbei kann der Mittelelektrodenträger wieder einen oder mehrere Finger bzw. Einzelmittelelektrodenträger aufweisen, wobei an den Fingern bzw. Einzelmittelelektrodenträgern wiederum jeweils mindestens eine Mittelelektrode angeordnet ist. In günstigen Fortbildungsformen wird bei dieser Kombination erreicht, daß die Elektroden des Mittelelektrodenträgers und der Masseelektrodenträger oder der Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung jeweils paarweise planparallel gegenüberliegend, einen isolierenden Luftspalt zwischen einander aufweisend, angeordnet sind. Hierbei werden bezugnehmend auf die Gesamtbauteilgröße sehr lange Elektrodenabbrandkanten erreicht. Dies trägt wesentlich zu einer Verbesserung der Lebensdauer der Zündkerze bei.As a counterpart to this type of ground electrode support arrangement or Ground electrode carriers, it is particularly favorable that the spark plug at least has a center electrode support, preferably four perpendicular to each other arranged, flat, preferably outwardly facing center electrodes on Center electrode carriers are arranged. Here, the center electrode carrier can again have one or more fingers or individual center electrode carriers, with the Fingers or individual center electrode carriers in turn each have at least one Center electrode is arranged. In inexpensive forms of further training this combination achieved that the electrodes of the central electrode carrier and Ground electrode carrier or the ground electrode carrier arrangement in pairs opposite, plane-parallel, an insulating air gap between each other having, are arranged. Here, referring to the Overall component size reached very long electrode burn-up edges. This carries significantly improve the life of the spark plug.

Eine günstige Variante sieht darüber hinaus vor, daß die Wandung der Wirbelkammer als integrierter Bestandteil des Gehäuseunterteils gefertigt ist. Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform sieht vor, daß die Wirbelkammer im Bereich mindestens eines Masseelektrodenträgers und/oder mindestens einer Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung mindestens eine Freistellung zum Nachstellen des Masseelektrodenträgers und/oder der Massenelektrodenträgeranordnung und/oder der Masseelektrode aufweist. Durch diese Möglichkeit der Nachstellung der Elektroden wird die Lebensdauer der Zündkerze weiter verbessert. Darüber hinaus ist eine Anpassung des Elektrodenabstands an verschiedene Betriebsparameter möglich. Zusätzlich kann auch vorgesehen sein, daß der Mittelelektrodenträger nachstellbar ausgebildet ist.A favorable variant also provides that the wall of the swirl chamber is manufactured as an integral part of the lower housing part. Another preferred Embodiment provides that the swirl chamber in the area of at least one Ground electrode carrier and / or at least one ground electrode carrier arrangement at least one exemption to readjust the ground electrode carrier and / or the ground electrode carrier arrangement and / or the ground electrode. By this possibility of readjusting the electrodes will extend the life of the Spark plug further improved. In addition, an adjustment of the Electrode spacing possible for various operating parameters. In addition, too be provided that the center electrode support is adjustable.

Ein besonders günstiges Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerze gemäß den oben genannten Merkmalen sieht vor, daß die Wandung der Wirbelkammer mit mindestens einer Masseelektrode und/oder mindestens einem Masseelektrodenträger und/oder mit mindestens einer Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung und/oder der Mittelelektrodenträger einzeln gefertigt und anschließend an handelsüblichen Zündkerzen angebracht werden. Dieses erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht es somit, kostengünstige Standardindustriezündkerzen, wie sie handelsüblich von diversen Zündkerzenherstellern angeboten werden, zu verwenden. Durch dieses Herstellungsverfahren kann eine erfindungsgemäße Zündkerze aus sehr vielen verschiedenen Standardindustriezündkerzentypen hergestellt werden. Darüber hinaus ist eine kostengünstige Herstellung sehr vieler verschiedener Zündkerzen möglich.A particularly favorable method for producing a spark plug according to the above mentioned features provides that the wall of the swirl chamber with at least a ground electrode and / or at least one ground electrode carrier and / or with at least one ground electrode support arrangement and / or the Center electrode carrier manufactured individually and then on commercially available Spark plugs can be attached. This method according to the invention makes it possible thus, inexpensive standard industrial spark plugs as they are commercially available from various spark plug manufacturers are offered to use. Because of this A spark plug according to the invention can be produced from a very large number of methods various standard industrial spark plug types. Furthermore it is possible to manufacture a large number of different spark plugs at low cost.

Bei diesem Verfahren ist es besonders günstig, daß die Wandung der Wirbelkammer an mindestens einer Masseelektrode einer handelsüblichen Zündkerze mittels gepulstem und/oder kontinuierlich arbeitendem Laserschweißverfahren und/oder Elektrodenstrahlschweißverfahren und/oder Lötverfahren und/oder Widerstandsschweißverfahren angeschweißt wird. Darüber hinaus ist es günstig, daß der Mittelelektrodenträger an mindestens einer Basismittelelektrode des Isolatorkörpers einer handelsüblichen Standardzündkerze mittels gepulstem und/oder kontinuierlich arbeitendem Laserschweißverfahren und/oder Elektrodenstrahlschweißverfahren und/oder Lötverfahren und/oder Widerstandsschweißverfahren angeschweißt wird.In this method, it is particularly favorable that the wall of the swirl chamber on at least one ground electrode of a commercially available spark plug pulsed and / or continuously working laser welding process and / or Electrode beam welding process and / or soldering process and / or Resistance welding process is welded on. Beyond that it is favorable that the central electrode carrier on at least one base central electrode of the Insulator body of a standard commercial spark plug using pulsed and / or continuously working laser welding process and / or Electrode beam welding process and / or soldering process and / or Resistance welding process is welded on.

Weitere Merkmale und Einzelheiten der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung:Further features and details of the present invention result from the following figure description:

Dabei zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 eine Standardindustriezündkerze mit erfindungsgemäßer Wirbelkammer,
  • Fig. 2, 3 und 4 perspektivische Ansichten der erfindungsgemäßen Wirbelkammer aus Richtung des Brennraums,
  • Fig. 5 eine seitliche Ansicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Wirbelkammer mit Freistellungen und
  • Fig. 6 eine perspektivische Seitenansicht auf den Mittelelektrodenträger, wobei die erfindungsgemäße Wirbelkammer entfernt ist.
    • It shows:
  • 1 is a standard industrial spark plug with a swirl chamber according to the invention,
  • 2, 3 and 4 perspective views of the swirl chamber according to the invention from the direction of the combustion chamber,
  • Fig. 5 is a side view of the swirl chamber according to the invention with exemptions and
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective side view of the central electrode support, with the swirl chamber according to the invention being removed.

    • Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Zündkerze mit Wirbelkammer 3 wird auf eine Standardindustriezündkerze wie sie handelsüblich von diversen Zündkerzenherstellern angeboten wird, zurückgegriffen.In the spark plug with swirl chamber 3 shown in FIG. 1, a Standard industrial spark plugs as they are commercially available from various spark plug manufacturers is offered, resorted to.

    An dem Gehäuseunterteil 4 wird motorseitig eine Wirbelkammer 3 angebracht, wobei deren brennkammerseitiges Ende 15 offen ist. Im konkreten Fall wird aus Gründen der Temperatur- und Heißkorrosionsbeständigkeit eine offene Wirbelkammer 3 mit einer Wandung 13 aus Inco Alloy 600 (WNr. 2.4816) mittels Laser an der Schweißnaht 7 am Gehäuseunterteil 4 verschweißt. Als Alternativen können ebenfalls andere Nickelbasislegierungen oder Hochtemperaturedelstähle für die Wandung 13 zum Einsatz kommen. Die Wirbelkammer 3 wird alternativ auch in einem Stück also als integrierender Bestandteil des Gehäuseunterteils 4 gefertigt.A swirl chamber 3 is attached to the lower housing part 4 on the motor side whose combustion chamber end 15 is open. In the specific case, for reasons of Temperature and hot corrosion resistance an open swirl chamber 3 with a Wall 13 made of Inco Alloy 600 (WNr. 2.4816) using a laser on the weld 7 am Lower part 4 welded. Other alternatives can also be used Nickel-based alloys or high-temperature stainless steels for the wall 13 for Come into play. The vortex chamber 3 is alternatively also in one piece as integrating part of the lower housing part 4 manufactured.

    Die Wandung 13 der Wirbelkammer 3 weist Öffnungen 2 auf, welche einen guten Gemischzugang ermöglichen. Die Öffnungen 2 können als Bohrungen, Schlitze, Vielecke oder Ellipsen oder ähnlicher Form ausgeführt werden. The wall 13 of the swirl chamber 3 has openings 2 which are good Allow mixture access. The openings 2 can be bores, slots, Polygons or ellipses or similar form can be executed.

    Integrierender Bestandteil der Wirbelkammer sind erfindungsgemäß die 4 Masseelektrodenträger 6. Die Wirbelkammer 3 und die Masseelektrodenträger 6 können in einem Stück hergestellt werden. Es ist jedoch auch möglich rechteckige Metallquader 5 als Masseelektrodenträger 6 in die Wirbelkammer einzuschweißen (Fig. 3). Dies kann ebenfalls durch das Einschweißen einer Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung 8 erfolgen. Diese ist in Fig. 4 als ringförmige Anordnung 8 dargestellt.4 are an integral part of the swirl chamber according to the invention Ground electrode carrier 6. The swirl chamber 3 and the ground electrode carrier 6 can be made in one piece. However, it is also possible to use rectangular ones To weld metal cuboid 5 as a ground electrode support 6 in the swirl chamber (Fig. 3). This can also be done by welding one Ground electrode support arrangement 8 take place. This is in Fig. 4 as an annular Arrangement 8 shown.

    Im Bereich der Masseelektrodenträger kann die Wandung 13 der Wirbelkammer 3 eine oder mehrere Freistellung(en) 12 aufweisen, wodurch es möglich ist, die Masseelektrodenträger 6 oder die Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung 8 nachzustellen (Fig. 5).In the region of the ground electrode carrier, the wall 13 of the swirl chamber 3 can be a or more exemption (s) 12, making it possible to Readjust the ground electrode carrier 6 or the ground electrode carrier arrangement 8 (Fig. 5).

    Die Masseelektrodenträger 6 sind mit Edelmetallplättchen als Masseelektroden 9 versehen, diese werden mittels Laser einseitig oder beidseitig mit dem Träger 6 verschweißt. Die Schweißung ist so angebracht, daß an den Elektrodenseiten der Spalt verschlossen wird. Das heißt, zwischen Edelmetallplättchen 9 und Masseelektrodenträger 6 besteht kein offener Spalt (oder Öffnung) durch welche Gas eintreten kann.The ground electrode carriers 6 are with noble metal platelets as ground electrodes 9 provided, these are lasered on one or both sides with the carrier 6 welded. The weld is attached so that on the electrode sides of the Gap is closed. That is, between precious metal platelets 9 and There is no open gap (or opening) through which gas ground electrode carrier 6 can occur.

    Durch diese Konstruktion ist es möglich in Bezug auf die Gesamtbauteilgröße sehr lange Elektrodenabbrandkanten herzustellen. Es werden als Masseelektroden 9 Edelmetallplättchen mit einer Kantenlänge von größer 4,0 mm eingesetzt. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt die Kantenlänge 6,25 mm.This construction makes it very possible in terms of the overall component size to produce long electrode burn-off edges. There are 9 Precious metal platelets with an edge length of greater than 4.0 mm are used. in the illustrated embodiment, the edge length is 6.25 mm.

    Bei den Masseelektroden 9 kommen im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel Edelmetallplättchen mit den Abmessungen 6,25 x 1,6 x 0,5 mm (es können auch andere Abmessungen eingesetzt werden) zum Einsatz. Als Edelmetall kann z.B. eine Legierung aus Pt Rh Legierungen (90/10, 95/5, 80/20, 75/25) verwendet werden.The ground electrodes 9 come in the illustrated embodiment Precious metal plate with the dimensions 6.25 x 1.6 x 0.5 mm (it can also other dimensions are used). As a noble metal e.g. a Alloy made of Pt Rh alloys (90/10, 95/5, 80/20, 75/25) can be used.

    Als Schweißverfahren können gepulste Laser, kontinuierlich arbeitende Laser (CW-Laser), Elektronenstrahlschweißverfahren oder Vakuum- und Hochvakuumlötverfahren sowie das Plasmaschweißen oder die Widerstandsschweißtechnik eingesetzt werden. Pulsed lasers, continuously operating lasers (CW lasers), Electron beam welding or vacuum and high vacuum soldering as well as plasma welding or resistance welding technology.

    Wie in Fig. 6 dargestellt, wird die Basismittelelektrode (hier nicht dargestellt) des Zündkerzenisolators 1 mit einem Mittelelektrodenträger 10 verschweißt. Durch den Mittelelektrodenträger 10 kann in Abstimmung mit der Wirbelkammer 3 und den Masseelektroden 6 oder die Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung 8 die Funkenlage festgelegt werden. Der Mittelelektrodenträger 10 wird auf die Basismittelelektrode aufgeschoben, bis er bündig am Keramikmittelelektrodenisolatorsockel 14 aufliegt. In dieser Position wird er mit der Basismittelelektrode an der Schweißverbindung 11 verschweißt. Durch diese Anordnung ist die Basismittelelektrode hochdrucksicher. Ein Auspressen aus dem Keramiksockel bedingt durch den Motordruck ist nicht möglich, da der mit der Basismittelelektrode verschweißte Mittelektrodenträger 10 am Keramiksockel 14 geschultert ist. Die Schweißverbindung 11 zwischen Mittelelektrodenträger 10 und Basismittelelektrode wird durch das Verschweißen mit einem gepulsten Laser hergestellt. Es kann jedoch ebenfalls ein kontinuierlich arbeitender Laser (CW-Laser), das Elektronenstrahlschweißverfahren, ein Lötverfahren oder die Widerstandsschweißtechnik eingesetzt werden.As shown in Fig. 6, the base center electrode (not shown here) of the spark plug insulator 1 is welded to a central electrode carrier 10. By the Center electrode carrier 10 can be in coordination with the swirl chamber 3 and Ground electrodes 6 or the ground electrode support arrangement 8 the spark position be determined. The center electrode carrier 10 is placed on the base center electrode pushed on until it lies flush with the ceramic center electrode insulator base 14. In in this position it is with the base center electrode on the welded connection 11 welded. With this arrangement, the base center electrode is high pressure-proof. On Pressing out of the ceramic base due to the engine pressure is not possible since the center electrode carrier 10 welded to the base center electrode Ceramic base 14 is shouldered. The weld connection 11 between Center electrode carrier 10 and base center electrode is welded to a pulsed laser. However, it can also be a continuous working laser (CW laser), the electron beam welding process, a soldering process or resistance welding technology can be used.

    Die Schweißung 11 kann entlang der gesamten Länge der Basismittelelektrode erfolgen, wobei von außen also durch den Mittelelektrodenträger 10 auf die Basismittelelektrode durchgeschweißt wird. Es können ein oder mehrere Punktschweißungen sowie ein oder mehrere Nahtschweißungen welche in Längsachse bei Bedarf mehrfach am Umfang oder radial bei Bedarf mehrfach am Umfang angeordnet sein können.The weld 11 can be along the entire length of the base center electrode take place, so from the outside through the central electrode carrier 10 on the Base center electrode is welded through. It can be one or more Spot welds as well as one or more seam welds which in Longitudinal axis several times on the circumference if necessary or radial multiple times on the if required Perimeter can be arranged.

    Der Mittelelektrodenträger 10 ist so ausgelegt, daß er eine gute Gemischzugänglichkeit ermöglicht. Durch seine in Fig. 6 im Detail gezeigte Ausführung ist ein leichtes Nachstellen möglich. Der Mittelelektrodenträger ist so ausgelegt, daß Mittelelektrodenedelmetallplättchen 17 mit einer Länge von größer 4 mm aufgeschweißt werden können. Bei der konkreten Erfindung beträgt die Kantenlänge der Mittelelektrodenträger 17 6,25 mm. Der Mittelelektrodenträger 10 ist mit 4 gesonderten Einzelmittelelektrodenträgern 16 ausgelegt, auf welchen die Edelmetallplättchen als Mittelelektroden 17 aufgeschweißt sind. Diese werden mittels Laser einseitig oder beidseitig mit dem Träger verschweißt. Die Schweißung ist so angebracht, daß an den Elektrodenseiten der Spalt verschlossen wird. Das heißt zwischen Edelmetallplättchen und Elektrodenträgerfingern besteht kein offener Spalt (oder Öffnung)durch welche Gas eintreten kann. The center electrode carrier 10 is designed so that it has good access to the mixture allows. Due to its design shown in detail in FIG. 6, it is easy Readjustment possible. The center electrode carrier is designed so that Central electrode precious metal plate 17 with a length of greater than 4 mm can be welded on. In the concrete invention, the edge length is the center electrode carrier 17 6.25 mm. The central electrode carrier 10 is 4 separate individual center electrode supports 16, on which the Precious metal plates are welded on as center electrodes 17. These are by means of Laser welded to the carrier on one or both sides. The weld is like this attached that the gap is closed on the electrode sides. This means There is no open gap between the precious metal plate and the electrode carrier fingers (or opening) through which gas can enter.

    Als Werkstoff für den Mittelelektrodenträger 10 kommt im konkreten Fall Inco Alloy 600 (WNr. 24816) zum Einsatz. Als Alternativen können ebenfalls andere Nickelbasislegierungen oder Hochtemperaturedelstähle zum Einsatz kommen.In the specific case, Inco Alloy 600 is used as the material for the central electrode carrier 10 (WNr. 24816) are used. Other alternatives can also be used Nickel-based alloys or high-temperature stainless steels are used.

    Bei dem Edelmetall für die Mittelelektroden 17 kommen Plättchen mit den Abmessungen 6,25 x 2,0 x 0,5 mm (es können auch andere Abmessungen eingesetzt werden) zum Einsatz. Als Edelmetall können z.B. wiederum Pt Rh Legierungen (90/10, 95/5, 80/20, 75/25) verwendet werden.In the noble metal for the center electrodes 17, platelets come with the Dimensions 6.25 x 2.0 x 0.5 mm (other dimensions can also be used be used. As a noble metal e.g. again Pt Rh alloys (90/10, 95/5, 80/20, 75/25) can be used.

    Claims (11)

    Zündkerze einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere für den Einsatz bei Ottogasmotoren, mit einem Isolatorkörper, einer Basismittelelektrode, mindestens einer Masseelektrode und mindestens einer Wirbelkammer, wobei die Elektroden der Zündkerze von einer, insbesondere zylindermantelförmigen, Wandung der Wirbelkammer umgeben sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eine Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung (8) mit mehreren nach innen weisenden, vorzugsweise flächigen, Masseelektroden (9) oder mehrere Masseelektrodenträger (6) mit jeweils nach innen weisenden, vorzugsweise flächigen, Masseelektroden (9) an der Wandung (13) der Wirbelkammer (3) angeordnet ist (sind).Spark plug of an internal combustion engine, in particular for use in gasoline engines, with an insulator body, a base center electrode, at least one ground electrode and at least one swirl chamber, the electrodes of the spark plug being surrounded by a wall of the swirl chamber, in particular a cylinder jacket, characterized in that at least one ground electrode carrier arrangement (8) with a plurality of inwardly facing, preferably flat, ground electrodes (9) or a plurality of ground electrode carriers (6), each with inwardly facing, preferably flat, ground electrodes (9) on the wall (13) of the swirl chamber (3) ). Zündkerze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandung (13) der Wirbelkammer (3) Öffnungen (2) zum Durchlaß von Brennstoff-Luftgemisch aufweist.Spark plug according to Claim 1, characterized in that the wall (13) of the swirl chamber (3) has openings (2) for the passage of the fuel-air mixture. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das brennkammerseitige Ende der Wandung (13) der Wirbelkammer (3) eine Öffnung aufweist oder vollständig geöffnet ist (Fig. 2,3,4).Spark plug according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the combustion chamber end of the wall (13) of the swirl chamber (3) has an opening or is completely open (Fig. 2,3,4). Zündkerze nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnung(en) (2) als Bohrung(en) und/oder Schlitz(e) und/oder Vieleck(e) und/oder Ellipse(n) ausgebildet ist (sind).Spark plug according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the opening (s) (2) is (are) designed as a bore (s) and / or slot (s) and / or polygon (s) and / or ellipse (s) , Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das brennkammerseitige Ende (15) der Wandung (13) der Wirbelkammer (3) über die Elektroden (9, 17) hinausragt.Spark plug according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the combustion chamber end (15) of the wall (13) of the swirl chamber (3) projects beyond the electrodes (9, 17). Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandung (13) der Wirbelkammer (3) elektrisch leitend ist und elektrisch leitend mit einem, vorzugsweise ein Gewinde aufweisendem, Gehäuseunterteil (4) verbunden ist. Spark plug according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the wall (13) of the swirl chamber (3) is electrically conductive and is electrically conductively connected to a lower housing part (4), which preferably has a thread. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Masseelektrodenträger (6) oder die Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung (8) an der Wandung (13) der Wirbelkammer (3) angeschweißt sind (ist) (Fig. 3).Spark plug according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ground electrode carrier (6) or the ground electrode carrier arrangement (8) are (is) welded to the wall (13) of the swirl chamber (3) (Fig. 3). Zündkerze nach Anspruch einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung (8) als integrierter Bestandteil, vorzugsweise ringartig in die Wandung (13) der Wirbelkammer (3) integriert ist (Fig. 2,4).Spark plug according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ground electrode support arrangement (8) is integrated as an integrated component, preferably in the manner of a ring, into the wall (13) of the swirl chamber (3) (Fig. 2,4). Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wirbelkammer (3) zusammen mit den Masseelektrodenträgern (6) oder der Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung (8) einstückig ausgebildet ist.Spark plug according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the swirl chamber (3) is formed in one piece together with the ground electrode carriers (6) or the ground electrode carrier arrangement (8). Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung (8), vorzugsweise vier senkrecht zueinander angeordnete, flächige Masseelektroden (9) aufweist (Fig. 2,3,4).Spark plug according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the ground electrode carrier arrangement (8), preferably has four flat ground electrodes (9) arranged perpendicular to one another (Fig. 2, 3, 4). Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandung (13) der Wirbelkammer (3) mit mindestens einer Masseelektrode (9) und/oder mindestens einem Masseelektrodenträger (6) und/oder mindestens einer Masseelektrodenträgeranordnung (8) und/oder der Mittelelektrodenträger (10) einzeln gefertigt und anschließend an handelsüblichen Zündkerzen angebracht werden.Method for producing a spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the wall (13) of the swirl chamber (3) with at least one ground electrode (9) and / or at least one ground electrode carrier (6) and / or at least one ground electrode carrier arrangement ( 8) and / or the central electrode carrier (10) are manufactured individually and then attached to commercially available spark plugs.
    EP02010193A 2001-06-05 2002-05-15 Spark plug of an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP1265329B1 (en)

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    ATE272906T1 (en) 2004-08-15
    US20020180326A1 (en) 2002-12-05
    PT1265329E (en) 2004-11-30
    ATA8662001A (en) 2002-06-15
    AT410151B (en) 2003-02-25
    JP2003068422A (en) 2003-03-07
    US7615914B2 (en) 2009-11-10
    DE50200733D1 (en) 2004-09-09
    DK1265329T3 (en) 2004-10-25
    EP1265329B1 (en) 2004-08-04
    ES2223020T3 (en) 2005-02-16
    JP4221644B2 (en) 2009-02-12

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