EP1261847A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bestimmung des füllstandes eines füllguts in einem behälter - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bestimmung des füllstandes eines füllguts in einem behälterInfo
- Publication number
- EP1261847A1 EP1261847A1 EP01915245A EP01915245A EP1261847A1 EP 1261847 A1 EP1261847 A1 EP 1261847A1 EP 01915245 A EP01915245 A EP 01915245A EP 01915245 A EP01915245 A EP 01915245A EP 1261847 A1 EP1261847 A1 EP 1261847A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pulse
- sequence
- pulses
- pulse sequence
- binary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
- G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S13/10—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves
- G01S13/103—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves particularities of the measurement of the distance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for determining the filling level of a filling material in a container.
- Non-contact measuring systems are increasingly being used to detect the level of liquids or bulk materials in containers.
- Microwaves, ultrasound waves, electromagnetic pulses, light pulses, or - in particularly critical applications - radioactive rays are used as measuring radiation.
- TDR sensors are increasingly used here, in which short electromagnetic high-frequency pulses or continuous microwaves on a conductive, elongated element, for. B. a rod or a cable probe, coupled and inserted into the container in which the contents are stored by means of the conductive element.
- TDR is the abbreviation for Time Domain Reflectometry.
- this measurement method takes advantage of the effect that two different media, e.g. B. air and oil or air and water, due to the sudden change (discontinuity) of the dielectric constant of both media, a part of the guided electromagnetic pulses or the guided microwaves reflected and passed back via the conductive element into a receiving device.
- the reflected portion of the electromagnetic pulses or microwaves is the greater, the different the dielectric numbers of the two media are.
- Sensors with guided high-frequency signals are distinguished from sensors that radiate high-frequency pulses or waves freely (free-field microwave systems (FMR) or 'real radar systems') by significantly lower damping.
- FMR free-field microwave systems
- the reason for this is that the power flow takes place very specifically along the rod or cable probe or the conductive element.
- the sensors with guided high-frequency signals in the close range have a higher measurement quality than free-radiating sensors.
- sensors with guided high-frequency signals is the high level of safety and reliability of the corresponding level measurement. This is due to the fact that the measurement with guided transmission signals is more independent of the product properties of the filling material
- Container construction e.g. materials, geometry
- other operating conditions e.g. dust, build-up
- a fill level measuring device is known from US Pat. No. 5,233,352, in which two pulse generators generate two binary pulse sequences.
- the second pulse sequence is delayed in time compared to the first pulse sequence, the time delay being variable and being dimensioned such that the time delay due to the running time of the first pulse sequence is equal to the set time delay between the two pulse sequences.
- the correct time delay is determined by means of autocorrelation of the two pulse sequences.
- a disadvantage of the known solution is the fact that high-frequency pulse trains must be used to operate the known measuring device. This is the only way to achieve a sufficiently high measuring accuracy.
- the invention has for its object to propose a method and a device for level measurement, which can be implemented inexpensively and which are also characterized by increased measurement accuracy.
- the object is achieved by the following method steps: transmit signals in the form of a first binary-weighted sequence of transmit pulses (-> first binary pulse sequence) are emitted with a predetermined pulse repetition duration ⁇ R and a predetermined sequence length L in the direction of the surface of the medium; hereinafter the
- the fill level of the filling material in the container is determined on the basis of the sampling values.
- a major advantage of the method according to the invention - as well as the device according to the invention - compared to the solutions known to date is that echo signals with a transit time greater than the reciprocal of the pulse repetition frequency (-> pulse repetition duration) and less than the sequence length L of the transmission pulse sequence do not enter the Measurement result and therefore not included in the calculation of the level. It is therefore no longer necessary to wait after the transmission of a transmission pulse until the corresponding echo signal has completely subsided. As a result, the pulse repetition frequency can be increased and thus the measuring speed can be increased. In other words: By having a large number of measured values within a defined one
- the signal-to-noise ratio and thus the quality of the level measurement can be improved. If one looks at the matter from the point of view that the pulse repetition frequency is already sufficiently high, one benefits from the fact that the measurement result is free of intrinsic disturbances which are caused by stray echo signals (overreach).
- the sample values are averaged or integrated. If the transmission pulse last transmitted was not suppressed in accordance with the binary pulse sequence, the sampling values are integrated; however, is the last broadcast
- Transmission pulse has been suppressed according to the binary sequence, the inverted sample integrated.
- the integration is advantageously carried out over the simple sequence length L of the binary transmission pulse sequence.
- the binary-weighted transmission pulse sequence is preferably controlled by means of a feedback shift register.
- the sensor is preferably a sensor that works with electromagnetic pulses.
- the invention is not limited to electromagnetic pulses, it can also work with other signals (ultrasound, microwave or light pulses).
- the transmitter unit is an arrangement in which the transmitter pulses are introduced into the medium along a conductive element. As such, this arrangement is best known from the prior art.
- the scanning circuit provides the superimposition of only those components of the echo signals that originate from an actually transmitted and not from a suppressed transmission pulse.
- An advantageous development of the device according to the invention provides an integrator which carries out averaging or integration of the sample values.
- the first binary-weighted pulse sequence is a pseudo-random sequence.
- the first binary-weighted pulse sequence is preferably generated by means of a feedback shift register.
- the signal generation unit has a pulse frequency generator, a first sequence control and a pulse shaper, the pulse frequency generator generating a continuous pulse sequence with the pulse repetition duration ⁇ R , the first sequence control using the pulse sequence a periodic binary-weighted pulse sequence with the sequence length L is generated and the pulse shaper generates steep-flanked transmission pulses from the pulses of the binary-weighted pulse sequence.
- the time delay circuit is fed with the pulse sequence generated by the pulse frequency generator and that the time delay circuit generates a pulse sequence delayed by the time delay r s from the pulse sequence.
- a second sequence control which generates a sequence of scanning pulses with the pulse repetition duration ⁇ r and which the delay circuit in adjusted equidistant steps.
- the second sequential control system preferably adjusts the time delay circuit in equidistant steps of the delay time ⁇ s .
- the second sequence control resets the integrator after integration of the reflected scanning pulses, the integration preferably being carried out over the sequence length L or its multiples.
- Fig. 4 a schematic representation of a third embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- a pulse frequency generator (7) generates a continuous sequence of pulses which, according to an advantageous further development of the invention, have a predetermined pulse repetition frequency or pulse repetition duration ⁇ R. It is possible to generate a binary weighting of the pulse train using a feedback shift register. Such a shift register is described, for example, in the book 'Kryptologie' by Patrick Horster, pages 56-59, Bl Verlag 1985. The separate representation of the shift register in FIG. 1 has been omitted.
- the pulses are rectangular pulses, and the invention is in no way limited to this special pulse shape.
- the pulse repetition time ⁇ R is chosen so that even when the maximum running distance is ensured that a subsequent transmit pulse is only sent when the previous transmit pulse has returned as an echo signal.
- the frequency of the pulses is on the order of a few 100 kHz to approx. 10 MHz.
- the first sequence control circuit (8) is clocked with the first pulse sequence.
- the sequence control circuit (8) generates a periodic, binary-weighted pulse sequence from the continuous pulse sequence by masking out certain pulses from the pulse sequence. The masking is preferably carried out in that the first sequence control circuit (8) actuates the switch (10) in accordance with the predetermined bit sequence. The desired periodic binary-weighted pulse sequence is thus available at the output of the switch (10).
- a first pulse shaper (9) is fed with this binary pulse sequence. This generates steep-edged transmission pulses from the rectangular pulses, which - in the case shown - are sent to the TDR sensor (19).
- Such a TDR sensor consisting of a transmitter unit (4) and a conductive element, is described, for example, in the already cited US Pat. No. 5,233,352.
- the pulse sequence generated by the pulse frequency generator (7) is also present at the input of the time delay circuit (11). Via the time delay circuit (1 1) a second continuous pulse sequence with the pulse repetition time ⁇ R is generated, which is time-delayed compared to the first periodic binary pulse sequence.
- the time delay ⁇ s is adjustable; it is set to the respectively desired value by means of the second sequence control circuit (14).
- a second pulse shaper (12) is fed with the second time-delayed pulse sequence and uses it to generate a sequence of steep-edged pulses with the pulse repetition duration ⁇ R.
- a sampling circuit (13) samples the echo signal delivered by the TDR sensor (19) in time windows, which are determined by the sequence of the sampling pulses, and thereby generates a sampled propagation time signal.
- the second sequence control circuit (14) adjusts the time delay circuit (11). The adjustment is preferably carried out in equidistant steps of the time delay ⁇ s .
- the integrator (15) integrates the sampled echo signal if the first sequence control circuit (8) has not suppressed the associated transmit pulse.
- the integrator integrates the sampled echo signal inverted by means of the inverter (16). Depending on the desired characteristic of the measuring system, a non-linear amplitude weighting is carried out by means of a weighting device (20) connected upstream of the inverter (16).
- the integrator (15) delivers the integrated echo signal at its output.
- the integrated echo signal is converted into digital measurement data by the A / D converter (17) on command of the second sequence control circuit (14) at certain times.
- the integrator (15) is then reset by the second sequence control circuit (14).
- An evaluation unit (18) uses the digital measurement data supplied by the A / D converter (17) to determine the transit time of the transmit / echo pulses and from this the respective fill level of the product (1) in the container ( 2).
- the sampling circuit (13) only delivers those instantaneous values of the echo signals which originate from an actually transmitted and not from a previously suppressed transmission pulse. If the transmit pulse last transmitted was not suppressed in accordance with the binary pulse sequence, the integrator integrates the sampled values. If the last transmission pulse of the binary pulse sequence has been suppressed, the inverted sample value is integrated.
- the integration is expediently carried out over the simple sequence length L of the binary transmission sequence, then the position of the integrator (15) reached for evaluation (this is indicated by the arrows in FIG. 2) and then the integrator (15) is reset.
- the time position of an integration interval in relation to the binary pulse shape is, incidentally, irrelevant to this special embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- the invention makes it possible that after the transmission of a transmission pulse on the TDR sensor (19) (or the antenna) no longer has to be waited until the resulting echo signal has completely subsided. From this it follows that the pulse repetition frequency and thus the measuring speed can be increased. In other words: Since it is possible to increase the number of measured values available within a certain time interval, the signal-to-noise ratio and thus the quality of the level measurement can be significantly improved.
- the pulse repetition frequency is already sufficiently high, one benefits according to the invention from the fact that only a relatively small intrinsic disturbance of the measurements due to stray echoes occurs.
- the vagabond echo signals have their cause in overreach.
- 3 and 4 represent a second and a third preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, which differ from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 by two separate scanning circuits 21, 24. For the rest, however, they have a corresponding structure.
- the pulses generated by the second pulse shaper 12 are transmitted via a Switch S A given to either the first or the second sampling circuit 21, 24.
- the first and also the second sampling circuit are illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 by a sampling switch 22 and 25 and an integrator 23 and 26, respectively.
- the mode of operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is as follows:
- the selection between the two sampling circuits 21, 24 takes place, as mentioned, via the switch S A , the control input of which is controlled by the first sequence control circuit 8.
- the sampler signal is then applied by the second pulse shaper 12 to the respective sampling circuit 21 or 24 via switch S A.
- the two sampling circuits 21 and 24 each have the integrator 23 and 26, the outputs of which are directed to the integrator 15 operating as a differentiating circuit.
- the difference between the interchanged signal from the first sampling circuit 21 and the "only" noise signal from the second sampling circuit 24 is formed.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 essentially consists in the fact that the embodiment according to FIG. 3 manages with only one second pulse shaper 12.
- the sampling circuit 21 is driven by the second pulse shaper 12 and the sampling circuit 24 by an identical third pulse shaper 12a.
- the pulse shapers 12 and 12a are selected by a switch S B.
- the further function and effect corresponds to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3.
- the advantage of the embodiment according to FIG. 4 is that the very steep-edged signals of the pulse shapers 12, 12a are not sent via a switch but directly to the
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10007187A DE10007187A1 (de) | 2000-02-17 | 2000-02-17 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des Füllstandes eines Füllguts in einem Behälter |
DE10007187 | 2000-02-17 | ||
PCT/EP2001/001619 WO2001061287A1 (de) | 2000-02-17 | 2001-02-14 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bestimmung des füllstandes eines füllguts in einem behälter |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1261847A1 true EP1261847A1 (de) | 2002-12-04 |
Family
ID=7631266
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01915245A Withdrawn EP1261847A1 (de) | 2000-02-17 | 2001-02-14 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bestimmung des füllstandes eines füllguts in einem behälter |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6930632B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1261847A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU4239501A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10007187A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001061287A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10359534A1 (de) * | 2003-12-17 | 2005-07-14 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Optimierung der Emission bei Pulsechoverfahren |
US7233278B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2007-06-19 | Rosemount Tank Radar Ab | Radar level gauge with switch for selecting transmitter or receiver mode |
US9024806B2 (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2015-05-05 | Rosemount Tank Radar Ab | Radar level gauge with MCU timing circuit |
DE102015115462A1 (de) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-03-16 | Endress+Hauser Gmbh+Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Messung des Füllstands eines in einem Behälter befindlichen Füllgutes |
DE102016103740B3 (de) | 2016-03-02 | 2017-05-04 | Endress+Hauser Gmbh+Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Messung des Füllstands eines in einem Behälter befindlichen Füllgutes mittels Terahertz-Pulsen |
DE102018127012A1 (de) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-04-30 | Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG | Füllstandsmessgerät |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1992014124A1 (de) * | 1991-02-12 | 1992-08-20 | Krohne Messtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elektrische schaltung für ein gerät zur füllstandmessung von industrietanks u. dgl. |
US5233352A (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 1993-08-03 | Cournane Thomas C | Level measurement using autocorrelation |
DE4233677C2 (de) * | 1992-10-07 | 1995-07-13 | Grieshaber Vega Kg | Verfahren zum Korrelationsempfang von vorbekannten periodisch ausgesendeten Impulsen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens sowie Verwendung derselben |
GB9225782D0 (en) * | 1992-12-10 | 1993-02-03 | Marconi Gec Ltd | Distance measuring arrangement |
DE4332071C2 (de) * | 1993-09-21 | 1995-09-07 | Endress Hauser Gmbh Co | Verfahren zur Füllstandsmessung nach dem Radarprinzip |
US5406842A (en) * | 1993-10-07 | 1995-04-18 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for material level measurement using stepped frequency microwave signals |
US6122602A (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 2000-09-19 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. | Method and arrangement for electromagnetic wave distance measurement by the pulse transit time method |
ATE274707T1 (de) * | 1997-06-27 | 2004-09-15 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Füllstandmessradargerät |
DE29815069U1 (de) * | 1998-08-25 | 1998-12-24 | Grieshaber Vega Kg | Sampling-Schaltung zur Abtastung von Hochfrequenzsignalpulsen für die Verwendung in TDR-Füllstandssensoren |
US6492933B1 (en) * | 1999-09-02 | 2002-12-10 | Mcewan Technologies, Llc | SSB pulse Doppler sensor and active reflector system |
-
2000
- 2000-02-17 DE DE10007187A patent/DE10007187A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-02-14 EP EP01915245A patent/EP1261847A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-02-14 WO PCT/EP2001/001619 patent/WO2001061287A1/de active Application Filing
- 2001-02-14 US US10/203,623 patent/US6930632B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-02-14 AU AU42395/01A patent/AU4239501A/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0161287A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040150553A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
WO2001061287A1 (de) | 2001-08-23 |
US6930632B2 (en) | 2005-08-16 |
DE10007187A1 (de) | 2001-08-23 |
AU4239501A (en) | 2001-08-27 |
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