EP1256161A1 - Device, especially a combined motor/generator device, for converting electric energy into mechanical energy and/or vice versa - Google Patents

Device, especially a combined motor/generator device, for converting electric energy into mechanical energy and/or vice versa

Info

Publication number
EP1256161A1
EP1256161A1 EP01919293A EP01919293A EP1256161A1 EP 1256161 A1 EP1256161 A1 EP 1256161A1 EP 01919293 A EP01919293 A EP 01919293A EP 01919293 A EP01919293 A EP 01919293A EP 1256161 A1 EP1256161 A1 EP 1256161A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
connection
coil
contact means
coils
circumferential direction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01919293A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Erich Walter Frank
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pfisterer Kontaktsysteme GmbH
Original Assignee
Pfisterer Kontaktsysteme GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pfisterer Kontaktsysteme GmbH filed Critical Pfisterer Kontaktsysteme GmbH
Publication of EP1256161A1 publication Critical patent/EP1256161A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
    • H02K3/521—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only
    • H02K3/522—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only for generally annular cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/21—Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2203/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the windings
    • H02K2203/09—Machines characterised by wiring elements other than wires, e.g. bus rings, for connecting the winding terminations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for converting electrical into mechanical energy and / or vice versa with a rotor and a stator, in particular a combined motor / generator device, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the coil connections of all coils must be led out of the device and an interconnection of the coils with one another to form coil groups or the interconnection of the coil connections with the electrical connections of the device must be effected outside the device by electrical and / or electronic switching means.
  • the effort involved in producing and maintaining such devices is increased and operational reliability is reduced.
  • the US 3,508,138 shows a generator with several coil connections that can be connected in series or in parallel with a separate rotary switch.
  • the US 1, 685,963 shows an alternating current (AC) transmission system in which twelve coils can be connected to one another and to a 3-phase transmission line via a linearly arranged switch row of a total of twelve switches, all switches being operable together by means of a switch rod.
  • AC alternating current
  • WO 98/39833 shows a brushless direct current (DC) motor with a series of stator windings, some or all of which can be connected to the operating voltage by means of a control device.
  • DC direct current
  • DE 299 08 718 U1 shows a motor / generator device according to the preamble of claim 1, the connection of the coils being carried out at the latest when the device is installed and cannot be changed in later operation.
  • the invention is based on the problem of providing a generic device which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • a device is to be provided which is versatile and can be used for a very wide variety of applications, in particular in which the coils of a coil group can optionally be connected electrically in series or in parallel and / or the coils can optionally be connected in a star or delta connection, and which are simple in that Manufacturing and maintenance as well as reliable in operation.
  • the problem is solved by the device defined in claim 1.
  • Particular embodiments of the invention are defined in the subclaims.
  • Switching means which is integrated in the device, eliminates the need to lead out the coil connections that are to be connected to one another, depending on the series or parallel connection. Additional and in particular external electrical and / or electronic switching means can therefore at least partially be omitted. Due to the rotating switching means and the switching means arranged distributed in the circumferential direction, the coil connections can be electrically contacted directly at the position specified by the respective coil. By means of the switching means, the coils can, for example, optionally be switched in star or delta connection. As an alternative or in addition, the switching means can also be used to connect coils of a coil group distributed in the circumferential direction in parallel or in series. The switch position can be selected depending on the performance requirements of the device. The switching means can also have a switching position in which the coils are electrically separated from one another and / or from the electrical connections. One is also possible
  • Embodiment of the invention in which the coils of each coil group can be connected in parallel or in series by a first switching means and the coil group can be switched in a star or delta connection by a second switching means.
  • Each coil group has its own, usually two-pole electrical connection. For each coil group, therefore, a maximum of two electrical connections can be made out of the device, which with the required when the device is used as a motor Power supply and in the case of use as a generator can be connected to a corresponding power take-off and / or generator device.
  • Such devices can be used for example as a motor / generator device in a motor vehicle or in other land, water and aircraft.
  • the parallel connection of the coils within each coil group can, for. B. switched to start an internal combustion engine, wherein a high current results in a high starting torque.
  • the series connection can be used, for example, in generator use to use a high current at low speed to supply the other on-board electronics or at high speed to provide a high current at low voltage to charge the on-board batteries.
  • the switching means has a switching ring rotating in the circumferential direction. Due to the closed switching ring, the essentially radial contact forces are easy to apply and essentially cancel each other out.
  • the angle of rotation required for switching is determined, for example, from the number of coil groups and the number of coils per coil group and is a maximum of 90 ° and preferably less than 20 °.
  • a first coil connection of a first coil of each coil group is fixedly connected to a first connection electrode of the respective coil group, and a second coil connection of a last coil of each coil group is fixedly connected to a second connection electrode of the respective coil group.
  • the first and second connection electrodes of each coil group can be electrically contacted from outside the device.
  • the first and second connection electrodes are preferred guided by connecting distributors extending in the circumferential direction to each coil of the associated coil group.
  • the connection distributors are formed, for example, by curved strips made of an electrically highly conductive material and can form a closed ring.
  • connection distributors are preferably guided in one piece to the outside of the device, where they also form in one piece a connection contact, for example a plug socket or a plug pin, for further electrical contacting.
  • connection distributors can be arranged radially and / or axially adjacent to the coils. They guarantee short connection paths to the coils and thus a low-impedance connection and make the costly provision and installation of connection lines unnecessary.
  • connection contact means which is arranged in each case at a circumferential position corresponding to the associated coil, and the switching means has connection contact means which are arranged radially and / or axially with respect to the connection contact means.
  • the electrically conductive connection contact means are for example embedded in the electrically insulating switching ring and have one
  • connection contact means and / or the connection contact means are supported by a radially and / or axially adjacent and circumferential support or tension ring in the direction of the connection contact means or connection contact means.
  • connection elements with an at least partially circular-cylindrical outer peripheral surface are arranged, the longitudinal axis of which is parallel to the rotor or stator axis.
  • the circular-cylindrical outer peripheral surface results in linear contacts between the connecting elements and the connecting contact means or connecting contact means, and thus a permanently high current carrying capacity.
  • the rolling of the circular-cylindrical outer peripheral surface of the connecting elements on the connection contact means or connection contact means also results in self-cleaning of the contact surfaces.
  • connection elements spaced apart in the circumferential direction connect two connection contact means by means of the connection contact means assigned to them due to its position in the circumferential direction.
  • the two connection elements are always in electrical contact with the connection contact means and, when the switching means rotates, change the previous electrical contact to a first connection contact means to an electrical contact with a second connection contact means adjacent to the first in the circumferential direction.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an incomplete representation of a first embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a detail of the device of Fig. 1 in an enlarged view
  • FIG. 3 shows a section of an incomplete supervision of a second embodiment
  • Fig. 4 shows the circuit diagram of the parallel connection of the coils one
  • Coil group and Fig. 5 shows the circuit diagram of a series connection of the coils one
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an incomplete representation of a first embodiment 1 of the invention. Only the stator 2 is shown, which has three coil groups, each of which has four coils 3a to 3d, 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d arranged distributed in the circumferential direction 6. In the circumferential direction 6, the coils 3a to 3d of the first coil group and the coils 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d of the second and third coil groups are arranged alternately in succession 3a-4a-5a-3b-4b -...- 4d-5d.
  • the coils 3a to 3d, 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d of each coil group can each be switched electrically in series or electrically in parallel by a switching means which extends and rotates in the circumferential direction 6 and has a switching ring 8 which runs in the circumferential direction 6.
  • a switching means which extends and rotates in the circumferential direction 6 and has a switching ring 8 which runs in the circumferential direction 6.
  • the coils 4a to 4d and 5a to 5d of the second and third coil groups are wired or connected in a corresponding manner.
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the device of FIG. 1 in an enlarged view.
  • a first coil connection 9 of the first coil 3a of the first coil group is firmly connected to a first connection electrode 10 of the first coil group, for example pressed, glued, soldered or welded.
  • the first connection electrode 10 is formed with the formation of a first connection distributor 10b as an almost closed ring-shaped band made of an electrically conductive material, for example copper, and is guided in one piece to the outside of the device and can be electrically contacted there by means of a first connection lug 10a.
  • a second coil connection 11 of a last coil 3d of the first coil group (not shown in FIG. 2) of the first coil group is connected to a second connection electrode, which can also be electrically contacted via a second connection distributor 12b from outside the device by means of a connection tab 12a.
  • Connection distributors 10b, 12b extending in the circumferential direction are guided to each coil 3a to 3b of the associated coil group.
  • the second coil connection 13 of the first coil 3a of the first coil group to be connected by the switching means is firmly connected to a flat and curved connection element 14 which is passed under the connection distributors 10b, 12b and forms a first connection contact means 1 5 for the second coil connection 13 in one piece.
  • the first connection contact means 15 is arranged circumferentially at a position corresponding to the coil 3a and forms a part-circular cylindrical outer surface on which a connecting element 16 in the form of a circular cylindrical roller or needle can roll or can be displaced.
  • connection element 16 rolls on a flat connecting contact means 17 and / or is displaceable on it, wherein the electrically conductive connection contact means 1 7 is embedded in the electrically insulating switching ring 8 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the connection element 16 is permanently in electrical contact with a further connection element 18, which in the position shown is in contact with a part-circular cylindrical second connection contact means 19, which is formed in one piece by the second connection distributor 12b of the second connection electrode.
  • the first coil 3a of the first coil group is therefore connected between the two connecting lugs 10a, 12a and thus connected in parallel with the further coils 3b to 3d of the first coil group.
  • connection of the second coil connection 1 3 to the second connection lug 1 2a is interrupted and instead a connection between the second coil connection 1 3, the first Connection contact means 1 5, the further connection element 18, the connection contact means 1 7 and the connection element 16 connected to a third connection contact means 20.
  • the third connection contact means 20 is connected via a part-circular curved connection distributor 21 to a further connection contact means (not shown in FIG. 2), which is arranged in a circumferential direction 6 at a position corresponding to the second coil 3b of the first coil group. In the switch position that has been changed from the illustration in FIG. 2, this is connected to a first coil connection of the second coil 3b, as a result of which the coils 3a and 3b and also 3c and 3d of the first coil group are electrically connected in series.
  • connection contact means 15, 19, 20 and / or the connection contact means 17 can be designed to be resiliently deformable in such a way that the contact force required for the respective current carrying capacity can be applied by them.
  • connection contact means 17 or the switching ring 8 receiving it can be supported by a circumferential clamping ring 22 in the direction of the connection contact means 15, 19, 20.
  • a support ring arranged radially (not shown) within the connection contact means 15, 19, 20 and rotating in the circumferential direction 6 can support the connection contact means 15, 19, 20 in the direction of the connection contact means 17 in order to reliably ensure the contact force in the long term.
  • connection distributor 21 The ring-shaped free space 24 that can be seen in FIG. 2 between the connection distributor 21 and the switching ring 8 serves to accommodate the corresponding connection distributors and connection distributors for the second and third coil groups.
  • FIG 3 shows a section of an incomplete supervision of a second exemplary embodiment 101.
  • the rotor 123 which is rotatable about the rotor axis 123a, is shown only incompletely and schematically. Only the first and second coils 103a, 103b of the first are on the stator 102
  • the first coil connection 109 of the first coil 103a is firmly connected to the first connection electrode 110 and can be electrically contacted via the first connection distributor 110b from outside the device via the first connection tab 110a.
  • the second Coil connection 1 13 of the first coil 103a is connected to the connection element 1 14, which forms a connection contact means 1 15 in one piece, the first connection element 1 16, the connection contact means 1 1 7 embedded in the switching ring 108, the further connection element 1 18 and the second connection contact means 1 19 connected to the second connection distributor 1 12b, which can be electrically contacted from outside the device via the second connection lug 1 12a.
  • the first connection lug 1 10a is via the first connection distributor 1 10b, a fourth connection contact means 125, preferably formed in one piece, a second connection element 126, a second connection contact means 127, a further second connection element 128 and a fifth connection contact means 129 with a first coil connection 139 of the second coil 103b connected.
  • a second coil connection 131 of the second coil 103b is connected to the second connection distributor 1 12b via a second connection element 134, which integrally forms a second connection contact means 135, a third connection element 136, a third connection contact means 137 and a further third connection element 138 and thus from the outside the device can be electrically contacted via the second connecting lug 1 12a.
  • the coils 103a, 103b of the first coil group are thus electrically connected in parallel. Switching to a series connection of the coils within the coil groups is carried out by rotating the switching ring 108 in the circumferential direction 106, that is to say counterclockwise, by an angle of rotation of less than 10 °, for example 5 °.
  • the one for the second and third coil groups effective connection elements and connection contact means are indicated in FIG. 3.
  • the fourth coil connection 11 of the last coil 3d of the first coil group 3 can be contacted via the second connection distributor 12b and the second connection lug 12a.
  • Switching means 7, the rotatability of which is indicated by the double arrow 25, are the coils 3a to 3d of the first coil group 3 of the parallel connection shown in FIG. 4, in which each coil 3a to 3d is connected between the connecting lugs 10a and 12a, in the 5, in which the coils 3a to 3d are electrically connected in series and the first connection lug 10a is only connected to the first coil connection 9 of the first coil 3a and can be switched back.
  • the switching means 7 act in a corresponding manner on the corresponding switch arrangements for the coils of the second and third coil groups 4 and 5 and preferably switch them simultaneously and similar to the coils of the first coil group 3 between the parallel and serial connection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device, especially a combined motor/generator device (1; 101), for converting electric energy into mechanical energy and/or vice versa. The inventive device comprises a rotor (123), a stator (2; 102), at least two electric connections and at least three coils (3a to 3d, 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d; 103a, 103b) which are distributed in the direction of circumference (6; 106) and are provided with two coil connections (9, 13; 109, 113) respectively. The inventive device is characterised in that the coil connections (9, 13; 109, 113) can be connected to one another and/or to the electric connections in a predetermined manner and using a rotatable switching means that extends in the direction of circumference (6; 106).

Description

Vorrichtung zum Wandeln von elektrischer in mechanische Energie und/oder umgekehrt, insbesondere kombinierte Motor/Generator-Vorrichtung Device for converting electrical into mechanical energy and / or vice versa, in particular combined motor / generator device
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Wandeln von elektrischer in mechanische Energie und/oder umgekehrt mit einem Rotor und einem Stator, insbesondere eine kombinierte Motor/Generator-Vorrichtung, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 .The invention relates to a device for converting electrical into mechanical energy and / or vice versa with a rotor and a stator, in particular a combined motor / generator device, according to the preamble of claim 1.
Bei den bekannten Vorrichtungen müssen die Spulenanschlüsse aller Spulen aus der Vorrichtung herausgeführt werden und eine Verschaltung der Spulen untereinander unter Bildung von Spulengruppen oder die Verschaltung der Spulenanschlüsse mit den elektrischen Anschlüssen der Vorrichtung muss außerhalb der Vorrichtung durch elektrische und/oder elektronische Schaltmittel bewirkt werden. Insbesondere durch das Herausführen der einzelnen Spulenanschlüsse ist der Aufwand in der Herstellung und Wartung derartiger Vorrichtungen erhöht und die Betriebssicherheit herabgesetzt. Die US 3,508,138 zeigt einen Generator mit mehreren Spulenanschlüssen, die mit einem separaten Drehschalter in Serie oder parallel geschaltet werden können.In the known devices, the coil connections of all coils must be led out of the device and an interconnection of the coils with one another to form coil groups or the interconnection of the coil connections with the electrical connections of the device must be effected outside the device by electrical and / or electronic switching means. In particular, by leading out the individual coil connections, the effort involved in producing and maintaining such devices is increased and operational reliability is reduced. The US 3,508,138 shows a generator with several coil connections that can be connected in series or in parallel with a separate rotary switch.
Die US 1 ,685,963 zeigt ein Wechselstrom(AC)-Übertragungssystem bei dem zwölf Spulen über eine linear angeordnete Schalterreihe von insgesamt zwölf Schaltern untereinander und mit einer 3-Phasen Übertragungsleitung verbindbar sind, wobei alle Schalter mittels einer Schaltstange gemeinsam betätigbar sind.The US 1, 685,963 shows an alternating current (AC) transmission system in which twelve coils can be connected to one another and to a 3-phase transmission line via a linearly arranged switch row of a total of twelve switches, all switches being operable together by means of a switch rod.
Die WO 98/39833 zeigt einen bürstenlosen Gleichstrom(DC)-Motor mit einer Reihe von Statorwicklungen, von denen einzelne oder alle mittels einer Steuereinrichtung mit der Betriebsspannung verbindbar sind.WO 98/39833 shows a brushless direct current (DC) motor with a series of stator windings, some or all of which can be connected to the operating voltage by means of a control device.
Die DE 299 08 718 U1 zeigt eine Motor/Generator- Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 , wobei die Verschaltung der Spulen spätestens bei der Montage der Vorrichtung vorgenommen wird und im späteren Betrieb unveränderlich ist.DE 299 08 718 U1 shows a motor / generator device according to the preamble of claim 1, the connection of the coils being carried out at the latest when the device is installed and cannot be changed in later operation.
Der Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung bereitzustellen, welche die Nachteile des Standes der Technik überwindet. Insbesondere ist eine Vorrichtung bereitzustellen, die vielseitig und für die unterschiedlichsten Anwendungsfälle einsetzbar ist, insbesondere bei der die Spulen einer Spulengruppe wahlweise elektrisch in Serie oder parallel schaltbar sind und/oder die Spulen wahlweise in Stern- oder Dreieckschaltung schaltbar sind, und die einfach in der Herstellung und Wartung sowie zuverlässig im Betrieb ist. Das Problem ist durch die im Anspruch 1 bestimmte Vorrichtung gelöst. Besondere Ausführungsarten der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen bestimmt.The invention is based on the problem of providing a generic device which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a device is to be provided which is versatile and can be used for a very wide variety of applications, in particular in which the coils of a coil group can optionally be connected electrically in series or in parallel and / or the coils can optionally be connected in a star or delta connection, and which are simple in that Manufacturing and maintenance as well as reliable in operation. The problem is solved by the device defined in claim 1. Particular embodiments of the invention are defined in the subclaims.
Durch ein sich in Umfangsrichtung erstreckendes und drehbaresBy rotating and extending in the circumferential direction
Schaltmittel, das in die Vorrichtung integriert ist, entfällt das Herausführen der je nach Serien- oder Parallelschaltung miteinander zu verbindenden Spulenanschlüsse. Zusätzliche und insbesondere externe elektrische und/oder elektronische Schaltmittel können daher mindestens teilweise entfallen. Durch das umlaufende Schaltmittel und die in Umfangsrichtung verteilt angeordneten Schaltmittel können die Spulenanschlüsse unmittelbar an der von der jeweiligen Spule vorgegebenen Position elektrisch kontaktiert werden. Durch das Schaltmittel sind die Spulen beispielsweise wahlweise in Stern- oder Dreieckschaltung schaltbar. Alternativ oder ergänzend sind durch das Schaltmittel außerdem in Umfangsrichtung verteilt angeordnete Spulen einer Spulengruppe parallel oder in Serie schaltbar. Die Schaltstellung ist dabei je nach Leistungsanforderung an die Vorrichtung wählbar. Die Schaltmittel können auch eine Schaltstellung aufweisen, in der die Spulen elektrisch voneinander und/oder von den elektrischen Anschlüssen getrennt sind. Möglich ist auch eineSwitching means, which is integrated in the device, eliminates the need to lead out the coil connections that are to be connected to one another, depending on the series or parallel connection. Additional and in particular external electrical and / or electronic switching means can therefore at least partially be omitted. Due to the rotating switching means and the switching means arranged distributed in the circumferential direction, the coil connections can be electrically contacted directly at the position specified by the respective coil. By means of the switching means, the coils can, for example, optionally be switched in star or delta connection. As an alternative or in addition, the switching means can also be used to connect coils of a coil group distributed in the circumferential direction in parallel or in series. The switch position can be selected depending on the performance requirements of the device. The switching means can also have a switching position in which the coils are electrically separated from one another and / or from the electrical connections. One is also possible
Ausführungsart der Erfindung, in der durch ein erstes Schaltmittel die Spulen jeder Spulengruppe parallel oder in Serie schaltbar sind und durch ein zweites Schaltmittel die Spulengruppe in Stern- oder Dreieckschaltung schaltbar sind.Embodiment of the invention in which the coils of each coil group can be connected in parallel or in series by a first switching means and the coil group can be switched in a star or delta connection by a second switching means.
Jede Spulengruppe besitzt dabei ihren eigenen, in der Regel zweipoligen elektrischen Anschluss. Für jede Spulengruppe sind daher maximal zwei elektrische Anschlüsse aus der Vorrichtung herausführbar, die im Fall des Einsatzes der Vorrichtung als Motor mit der erforderlichen Spannungsversorgung und im Falle des Einsatzes als Generator mit einer entsprechenden Stromabnahme- und/oder Generatoreinrichtung verbindbar sind. Derartige Vorrichtungen können beispielsweise als Motor/Generator- Vorrichtung in einem Kraftfahrzeug oder in anderen Land-, Wasser- und Luftfahrzeugen eingesetzt werden. Die Parallelschaltung der Spulen innerhalb jeder Spulengruppe kann dabei z. B. zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmotors geschaltet werden, wobei ein hoher Strom ein hohes Anlaufdrehmoment ergibt. In entsprechender Weise kann die Serienschaltung beispielsweise im Generatoreinsatz dazu verwendet werden, bei niederer Drehzahl einen hohen Strom zur Versorgung der sonstigen Bordelektrik oder bei einer hohen Drehzahl zur Bereitstellung eines hohen Stromes bei niedriger Spannung zum Laden der Bordbatterien verwendet werden.Each coil group has its own, usually two-pole electrical connection. For each coil group, therefore, a maximum of two electrical connections can be made out of the device, which with the required when the device is used as a motor Power supply and in the case of use as a generator can be connected to a corresponding power take-off and / or generator device. Such devices can be used for example as a motor / generator device in a motor vehicle or in other land, water and aircraft. The parallel connection of the coils within each coil group can, for. B. switched to start an internal combustion engine, wherein a high current results in a high starting torque. In a corresponding manner, the series connection can be used, for example, in generator use to use a high current at low speed to supply the other on-board electronics or at high speed to provide a high current at low voltage to charge the on-board batteries.
Das Schaltmittel weist einen in Umfangsrichtung umlaufenden Schaltring auf. Durch den geschlossenen Schaltring sind die im Wesentlichen radialen Kontaktkräfte einfach aufzubringen und heben sich im Wesentlichen gegenseitig auf. Der für das Umschalten erforderliche Drehwinkel bestimmt sich beispielsweise aus der Anzahl der Spulengruppen und der Anzahl der Spulen je Spulengruppe und beträgt maximal 90° und vorzugsweise weniger als 20°.The switching means has a switching ring rotating in the circumferential direction. Due to the closed switching ring, the essentially radial contact forces are easy to apply and essentially cancel each other out. The angle of rotation required for switching is determined, for example, from the number of coil groups and the number of coils per coil group and is a maximum of 90 ° and preferably less than 20 °.
Ein erster Spulenanschluss einer ersten Spule jeder Spulengruppe ist mit einer ersten Anschlusselektrode der jeweilige Spulengruppe fest verbunden, und ein zweiter Spulenanschluss einer letzten Spule jeder Spulengruppe ist mit einer zweiten Anschlusselektrode der jeweiligen Spulengruppe fest verbunden. Die ersten und zweiten Anschusselektroden jeder Spulengruppe sind von außerhalb der Vorrichtung elektrisch kontaktierbar. Hierzu sind die ersten und zweiten Anschlusselektroden vorzugsweise durch sich in Umfangsrichtung erstreckende Anschlussverteiler an jede Spule der zugehörigen Spulengruppe geführt. Die Anschlussverteiler sind beispielsweise durch gebogene Bänder aus einem elektrisch gut leitfähigen Werkstoff gebildet und können einen geschlossenen Ring bilden. Vorzugsweise werden die Anschlussverteiler einstückig nach außerhalb der Vorrichtung geführt, wo sie auch einstückig einen Anschlusskontakt, beispielsweise eine Steckbuchse oder einen Steckstift, zur weiteren elektrischen Kontaktierung ausbilden. Die Anschlussverteiler können radial und/oder axial benachbart zu den Spulen angeordnet sein. Sie gewährleisten kurze Anschlusswege zu den Spulen und damit einen niederohmigen Anschluss und machen die kostenaufwendige Bereitstellung und Montage von Anschlussleitungen überflüssig.A first coil connection of a first coil of each coil group is fixedly connected to a first connection electrode of the respective coil group, and a second coil connection of a last coil of each coil group is fixedly connected to a second connection electrode of the respective coil group. The first and second connection electrodes of each coil group can be electrically contacted from outside the device. For this purpose, the first and second connection electrodes are preferred guided by connecting distributors extending in the circumferential direction to each coil of the associated coil group. The connection distributors are formed, for example, by curved strips made of an electrically highly conductive material and can form a closed ring. The connection distributors are preferably guided in one piece to the outside of the device, where they also form in one piece a connection contact, for example a plug socket or a plug pin, for further electrical contacting. The connection distributors can be arranged radially and / or axially adjacent to the coils. They guarantee short connection paths to the coils and thus a low-impedance connection and make the costly provision and installation of connection lines unnecessary.
Die von dem Schaltmittel zu verbindenden Spulenanschlüsse sind jeweils mit einem Anschlusskontaktmittel verbunden, das jeweils an einer der zugehörigen Spule entsprechenden umfänglichen Position angeordnet ist, und das Schaltmittel weist Verbindungskontaktmittel auf, die radial und/oder axial gegenüber den Anschlusskontaktmitteln angeordnet sind.The coil connections to be connected by the switching means are each connected to a connection contact means, which is arranged in each case at a circumferential position corresponding to the associated coil, and the switching means has connection contact means which are arranged radially and / or axially with respect to the connection contact means.
Die elektrisch leitenden Verbindungskontaktmittel sind beispielsweise in den elektrisch isolierenden Schaltring eingebettet und weisen eineThe electrically conductive connection contact means are for example embedded in the electrically insulating switching ring and have one
Federvorspannung in Richtung auf das zugehörige Anschlusskontaktmittel auf.Spring preload in the direction of the associated connection contact means.
Die Anschlusskontaktmittel und/oder die Verbindungskontaktmittel sind von einem radialen und/oder axial benachbarten und in Umfangsrichtung umlaufenden Stütz- bzw. Spannring in Richtung auf die Verbindungskontaktmittel bzw. Anschlusskontaktmittel gestützt. Dadurch ist zusätzlich zu einer von den Anschlusskontaktmitteln bzw. Verbindungskontaktmitteln aufzubringenden Federkraft oder zu einer Fremdfederung die Federwirkung und damit die Kontaktsicherheit erhöht.The connection contact means and / or the connection contact means are supported by a radially and / or axially adjacent and circumferential support or tension ring in the direction of the connection contact means or connection contact means. As a result, in addition to one of the connection contact means or Connection force to be applied spring force or to an external suspension increases the spring action and thus the contact reliability.
Zwischen den Anschlusskontaktmitteln und den Verbindungskontaktmitteln sind Verbindungselemente mit einer wenigstens abschnittsweise kreiszylindrischen Außenumfangsfläche angeordnet, deren Längsachse parallel zur Rotor- bzw. Statorachse ist. Durch die kreiszylindrische Außenumfangsfläche ergeben sich linienförmige Kontakte zwischen den Verbindungselementen und den Anschlusskontaktmitteln bzw. Verbindungskontaktmitteln, und damit eine dauerhaft hohe Stromtragfähigkeit. Durch das Abrollen der kreiszylindrischen Außenumfangsfläche der Verbindungselemente auf den Anschlusskontaktmitteln bzw. Verbindungskontaktmitteln ergibt sich außerdem eine Selbstreinigung der Kontaktflächen.Between the connection contact means and the connection contact means, connection elements with an at least partially circular-cylindrical outer peripheral surface are arranged, the longitudinal axis of which is parallel to the rotor or stator axis. The circular-cylindrical outer peripheral surface results in linear contacts between the connecting elements and the connecting contact means or connecting contact means, and thus a permanently high current carrying capacity. The rolling of the circular-cylindrical outer peripheral surface of the connecting elements on the connection contact means or connection contact means also results in self-cleaning of the contact surfaces.
Jeweils zwei in Umfangsrichtung beabstandete Verbindungselemente verbinden zwei Anschlusskontaktmittel durch das ihnen aufgrund seiner Position in Umfangsrichtung zugeordnete Verbindungskontaktmittel. Die beiden Verbindungselemente sind dabei stets in elektrischem Kontakt zu dem Verbindungskontaktmittel und wechseln beim Drehen des Schaltmittels den bisherigen elektrischen Kontakt zu einem ersten Anschlusskontaktmittel zu einem elektrischen Kontakt mit einem zweiten, dem ersten in Umfangsrichtung benachbarten Anschlusskontaktmittel.Two connection elements spaced apart in the circumferential direction connect two connection contact means by means of the connection contact means assigned to them due to its position in the circumferential direction. The two connection elements are always in electrical contact with the connection contact means and, when the switching means rotates, change the previous electrical contact to a first connection contact means to an electrical contact with a second connection contact means adjacent to the first in the circumferential direction.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen sowie der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele im einzelnen beschrieben sind. Dabei können die in den Ansprüchen und in der Beschreibung erwähnten Merkmale jeweils einzeln für sich oder in beliebiger Kombination erfindungswesentlich sein.Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the following description, in which several exemplary embodiments are described in detail with reference to the drawings. The can in the claims and in the features mentioned in the description may be essential to the invention individually or in any combination.
Fig. 1 zeigt in perspektivischer Ansicht eine unvollständige Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung,1 shows a perspective view of an incomplete representation of a first embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 2 zeigt einen Ausschnitt der Vorrichtung der Fig. 1 in vergrößerterFig. 2 shows a detail of the device of Fig. 1 in an enlarged view
Darstellung, Fig. 3 zeigt einen Ausschnitt einer unvollständigen Aufsicht auf ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel, Fig. 4 zeigt das Schaltbild der Parallelschaltung der Spulen einerRepresentation, Fig. 3 shows a section of an incomplete supervision of a second embodiment, Fig. 4 shows the circuit diagram of the parallel connection of the coils one
Spulengruppe und Fig. 5 zeigt das Schaltbild einer Serienschaltung der Spulen einerCoil group and Fig. 5 shows the circuit diagram of a series connection of the coils one
Spulengruppe.Coil group.
Die Fig. 1 zeigt in perspektivischer Ansicht eine unvollständige Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels 1 der Erfindung. Dargestellt ist nur der Stator 2, der drei Spulengruppen aufweist, die jeweils vier in Umfangsrichtung 6 verteilt angeordnete Spulen 3a bis 3d, 4a bis 4d, 5a bis 5d aufweisen. In Umfangsrichtung 6 sind die Spulen 3a bis 3d der ersten Spulengruppe und die Spulen 4a bis 4d, 5a bis 5d der zweiten und dritten Spulengruppen abwechselnd hintereinander angeordnet 3a-4a-5a-3b-4b-...- 4d-5d. Durch ein sich in Umfangsrichtung 6 erstreckendes und drehbares Schaltmittel, das einen in Umfangsrichtung 6 umlaufenden Schaltring 8 aufweist, sind die Spulen 3a bis 3d, 4a bis 4d, 5a bis 5d jeder Spulengruppe wahlweise jeweils elektrisch in Serie oder elektrisch parallel schaltbar. Aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit ist nur die Verdrahtung bzw. Verschaltung der Spulen 3a bis 3d der ersten Spulengruppe 3 schematisch dargestellt. Die Spulen 4a bis 4d und 5a bis 5d der zweiten und dritten Spulengruppen sind in entsprechender Weise verdrahtet bzw. verschaltet. Die Fig. 2 zeigt einen Ausschnitt der Vorrichtung der Fig. 1 in vergrößerter Darstellung. Ein erster Spulenanschluss 9 der ersten Spule 3a der ersten Spulengruppe ist mit einer ersten Anschlusselektrode 10 der ersten Spulengruppe fest verbunden, beispielsweise verpresst, verklebt, verlötet oder verschweißt. Die erste Anschlusselektrode 10 ist unter Ausbildung eines ersten Anschlussverteilers 10b als nahezu geschlossen ringförmig gebogenes Band aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Werkstoff, beispielsweise Kupfer, gebildet und einstückig nach außerhalb der Vorrichtung geführt und dort mittels einer ersten Anschlussfahne 10a elektrisch kontaktierbar. In entsprechender Weise ist ein (in der Fig. 2 nicht dargestellter) zweiter Spulenanschluss 1 1 einer letzten Spule 3d der ersten Spulengruppe mit einer zweiten Anschlusselektrode verbunden, die über einen zweiten Anschlussverteiler 12b ebenfalls von außerhalb der Vorrichtung mittels einer Anschlussfahne 12a elektrisch kontaktierbar ist. Die sich in1 shows a perspective view of an incomplete representation of a first embodiment 1 of the invention. Only the stator 2 is shown, which has three coil groups, each of which has four coils 3a to 3d, 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d arranged distributed in the circumferential direction 6. In the circumferential direction 6, the coils 3a to 3d of the first coil group and the coils 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d of the second and third coil groups are arranged alternately in succession 3a-4a-5a-3b-4b -...- 4d-5d. The coils 3a to 3d, 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d of each coil group can each be switched electrically in series or electrically in parallel by a switching means which extends and rotates in the circumferential direction 6 and has a switching ring 8 which runs in the circumferential direction 6. For reasons of clarity, only the wiring or connection of the coils 3a to 3d of the first coil group 3 is shown schematically. The coils 4a to 4d and 5a to 5d of the second and third coil groups are wired or connected in a corresponding manner. FIG. 2 shows a detail of the device of FIG. 1 in an enlarged view. A first coil connection 9 of the first coil 3a of the first coil group is firmly connected to a first connection electrode 10 of the first coil group, for example pressed, glued, soldered or welded. The first connection electrode 10 is formed with the formation of a first connection distributor 10b as an almost closed ring-shaped band made of an electrically conductive material, for example copper, and is guided in one piece to the outside of the device and can be electrically contacted there by means of a first connection lug 10a. Correspondingly, a second coil connection 11 of a last coil 3d of the first coil group (not shown in FIG. 2) of the first coil group is connected to a second connection electrode, which can also be electrically contacted via a second connection distributor 12b from outside the device by means of a connection tab 12a. Which is in
Umfangsrichtung erstreckenden Anschlussverteiler 10b, 12b sind an jede Spule 3a bis 3b der zugehörigen Spulengruppe geführt.Connection distributors 10b, 12b extending in the circumferential direction are guided to each coil 3a to 3b of the associated coil group.
Der von dem Schaltmittel zu verbindende zweite Spulenanschluss 13 der ersten Spule 3a der ersten Spulengruppe ist mit einem flächigen und gebogenen Anschlusselement 14 fest verbunden, das unter den Anschlussverteilern 10b, 12b hindurchgeführt ist und einstückig ein erstes Anschlusskontaktmittel 1 5 für den zweiten Spulenanschluss 13 ausbildet. Das erste Anschlusskontaktmittel 15 ist umfänglich an einer der Spule 3a entsprechenden Position angeordnet und bildet eine teilkreiszylindrische Außenfläche aus, auf der ein Verbindungselement 16 in Form einer kreiszylindrischen Walze oder Nadel abrollen kann oder verschiebbar ist. Das Verbindungselement 16 rollt andererseits auf einem flächigen Verbindungskontaktmittel 1 7 ab und/oder ist auf diesem verschiebbar, wobei das elektrisch leitfähige Verbindungskontaktmittel 1 7 in den elektrisch isolierenden Schaltring 8 drehfest eingebettet ist. Das erste Anschlusskontaktmittel 15 bildet zusammen mit dem Schaltring 8 und dem Verbindungskontaktmittel 1 7 eine teilweise offene Kammer aus, die Anschläge für die Bewegung des Verbindungselements 1 6 bildet. Über das Verbindungskontaktmittel 1 7 ist das Verbindungselement 16 permanent in elektrischem Kontakt mit einem weiteren Verbindungselement 18, welches in der dargestellten Stellung in Kontakt mit einem teilkreiszylindrisch geformten zweiten Anschlusskontaktmittel 19 ist, das einstückig von dem zweiten Anschlussverteiler 12b der zweiten Anschlusselektrode ausgebildet ist. In der dargestellten Stellung des Schaltrings 8 ist die erste Spule 3a der ersten Spulengruppe daher zwischen die beiden Anschlussfahnen 10a, 12a geschaltet und damit parallel zu den weiteren Spulen 3b bis 3d der ersten Spulengruppe geschaltet.The second coil connection 13 of the first coil 3a of the first coil group to be connected by the switching means is firmly connected to a flat and curved connection element 14 which is passed under the connection distributors 10b, 12b and forms a first connection contact means 1 5 for the second coil connection 13 in one piece. The first connection contact means 15 is arranged circumferentially at a position corresponding to the coil 3a and forms a part-circular cylindrical outer surface on which a connecting element 16 in the form of a circular cylindrical roller or needle can roll or can be displaced. The connecting element 16, on the other hand, rolls on a flat connecting contact means 17 and / or is displaceable on it, wherein the electrically conductive connection contact means 1 7 is embedded in the electrically insulating switching ring 8 in a rotationally fixed manner. The first connection contact means 15, together with the switching ring 8 and the connection contact means 1 7, form a partially open chamber which forms stops for the movement of the connection element 1 6. Via the connection contact means 17, the connection element 16 is permanently in electrical contact with a further connection element 18, which in the position shown is in contact with a part-circular cylindrical second connection contact means 19, which is formed in one piece by the second connection distributor 12b of the second connection electrode. In the position of the switching ring 8 shown, the first coil 3a of the first coil group is therefore connected between the two connecting lugs 10a, 12a and thus connected in parallel with the further coils 3b to 3d of the first coil group.
Bei einer Drehung des Schaltrings 8 in Umfangsrichtung 6, das heißt in der Darstellung der Fig. 2 im Gegenuhrzeigersinn, wird die Verbindung des zweiten Spulenanschlusses 1 3 mit der zweiten Anschlussfahne 1 2a unterbrochen und stattdessen eine Verbindung zwischen dem zweiten Spulenanschluss 1 3, dem ersten Anschlusskontaktmittel 1 5, dem weiteren Verbindungselement 18, dem Verbindungskontaktmittel 1 7 und dem Verbindungselement 16 zu einem dritten Anschlusskontaktmittel 20 geschaltet. Das dritte Anschlusskontaktmittel 20 ist über einen teilkreisförmig gebogenen Verbindungsverteiler 21 mit einem (in der Fig. 2 nicht dargestellten) weiteren Anschlusskontaktmittel verbunden, das an einer der zweiten Spule 3b der ersten Spulengruppe entsprechenden Position in Umfangsrichtung 6 angeordnet ist. Dieses ist in der gegenüber der Darstellung der Fig. 2 geänderten Schalterstellung mit einem ersten Spulenanschluss der zweiten Spule 3b verbunden, wodurch die Spulen 3a und 3b sowie weiterhin 3c und 3d der ersten Spulengruppe elektrisch in Serie geschaltet sind.When the switching ring 8 rotates in the circumferential direction 6, that is to say counterclockwise in the illustration in FIG. 2, the connection of the second coil connection 1 3 to the second connection lug 1 2a is interrupted and instead a connection between the second coil connection 1 3, the first Connection contact means 1 5, the further connection element 18, the connection contact means 1 7 and the connection element 16 connected to a third connection contact means 20. The third connection contact means 20 is connected via a part-circular curved connection distributor 21 to a further connection contact means (not shown in FIG. 2), which is arranged in a circumferential direction 6 at a position corresponding to the second coil 3b of the first coil group. In the switch position that has been changed from the illustration in FIG. 2, this is connected to a first coil connection of the second coil 3b, as a result of which the coils 3a and 3b and also 3c and 3d of the first coil group are electrically connected in series.
Die Anschlusskontaktmittel 15, 19, 20 und/oder das Verbindungskontaktmittel 1 7 können derart federelastisch verformbar ausgestaltet sein, dass die für die jeweilige Stromtragfähigkeit erforderliche Kontaktkraft von ihnen aufbringbar ist. Alternativ oder ergänzend kann das Verbindungskontaktmittel 1 7 bzw. der es aufnehmende Schaltring 8 von einem in Umfangsrichtung umlaufenden Spannring 22 in Richtung auf die Anschlusskontaktmittel 1 5, 19, 20 gestützt sein. In entsprechender Weise kann auch ein radial (nicht dargestellter) innerhalb der Anschlusskontaktmittel 15, 19, 20 angeordneter und in Umfangsrichtung 6 umlaufender Stützring die Anschlusskontaktmittel 15, 19, 20 in Richtung auf die Verbindungskontaktmittel 1 7 stützen, um die Kontaktkraft dauerhaft zuverlässig zu gewährleisten.The connection contact means 15, 19, 20 and / or the connection contact means 17 can be designed to be resiliently deformable in such a way that the contact force required for the respective current carrying capacity can be applied by them. As an alternative or in addition, the connection contact means 17 or the switching ring 8 receiving it can be supported by a circumferential clamping ring 22 in the direction of the connection contact means 15, 19, 20. In a corresponding manner, a support ring arranged radially (not shown) within the connection contact means 15, 19, 20 and rotating in the circumferential direction 6 can support the connection contact means 15, 19, 20 in the direction of the connection contact means 17 in order to reliably ensure the contact force in the long term.
Der in der Fig. 2 erkennbare ringförmige Freiraum 24 zwischen dem Verbindungsverteiler 21 und dem Schaltring 8 dient der Aufnahme der entsprechenden Anschlussverteiler und Verbindungsverteiler für die zweite und dritte Spulengruppe.The ring-shaped free space 24 that can be seen in FIG. 2 between the connection distributor 21 and the switching ring 8 serves to accommodate the corresponding connection distributors and connection distributors for the second and third coil groups.
Die Fig. 3 zeigt einen Ausschnitt einer unvollständigen Aufsicht auf ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel 101 . Der um die Rotorachse 123a drehbare Rotor 123 ist nur unvollständig und schematisch dargestellt. Auf dem Stator 102 sind nur die erste und die zweite Spule 103a, 103b der ersten3 shows a section of an incomplete supervision of a second exemplary embodiment 101. The rotor 123, which is rotatable about the rotor axis 123a, is shown only incompletely and schematically. Only the first and second coils 103a, 103b of the first are on the stator 102
Spulengruppe dargestellt. Der erste Spulenanschluss 109 der ersten Spule 103a ist fest mit der ersten Anschlusselektrode 1 10 verbunden und über den ersten Anschlussverteiler 1 10b von außerhalb der Vorrichtung über die erste Anschlussfahne 1 10a elektrisch kontaktierbar. Der zweite Spulenanschluss 1 13 der ersten Spule 103a ist über das ein Anschlusskontaktmittel 1 15 einstückig ausbildende Anschlusselement 1 14, das erste Verbindungselement 1 16, das in den Schaltring 108 eingebettete Verbindungskontaktmittel 1 1 7, das weitere Verbindungselement 1 18 und das zweite Anschlusskontaktmittel 1 19 mit dem zweiten Anschlussverteiler 1 12b verbunden, der von außerhalb der Vorrichtung über die zweite Anschlussfahne 1 12a elektrisch kontaktierbar ist.Coil group shown. The first coil connection 109 of the first coil 103a is firmly connected to the first connection electrode 110 and can be electrically contacted via the first connection distributor 110b from outside the device via the first connection tab 110a. The second Coil connection 1 13 of the first coil 103a is connected to the connection element 1 14, which forms a connection contact means 1 15 in one piece, the first connection element 1 16, the connection contact means 1 1 7 embedded in the switching ring 108, the further connection element 1 18 and the second connection contact means 1 19 connected to the second connection distributor 1 12b, which can be electrically contacted from outside the device via the second connection lug 1 12a.
Die erste Anschlussfahne 1 10a ist über den ersten Anschlussverteiler 1 10b, ein vorzugsweise einstückig ausgebildetes viertes Anschlusskontaktmittel 125, ein zweites Verbindungselement 126, ein zweites Verbindungskontaktmittel 127, ein weiteres zweites Verbindungselement 128 und ein fünftes Anschlusskontaktmittel 129 mit einem ersten Spulenanschluss 139 der zweiten Spule 103b verbunden.The first connection lug 1 10a is via the first connection distributor 1 10b, a fourth connection contact means 125, preferably formed in one piece, a second connection element 126, a second connection contact means 127, a further second connection element 128 and a fifth connection contact means 129 with a first coil connection 139 of the second coil 103b connected.
Ein zweiter Spulenanschluss 131 der zweiten Spule 103b ist über ein zweites Anschlusselement 134, welches einstückig ein zweites Anschlusskontaktmittel 135 ausbildet, ein drittes Verbindungselement 1 36, ein drittes Verbindungskontaktmittel 137 und ein weiteres drittes Verbindungselement 138 mit dem zweiten Anschlussverteiler 1 12b verbunden und damit von außerhalb der Vorrichtung über die zweite Anschlussfahne 1 12a elektrisch kontaktierbar. In der dargestellten Stellung des Schaltrings 108 sind somit die Spulen 103a, 103b der ersten Spulengruppe elektrisch parallel geschaltet. Ein Umschalten auf eine Serienschaltung der Spulen innerhalb der Spulengruppen erfolgt durch Drehen des Schaltrings 108 in Umfangsrichtung 106, das heißt entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn, um einen Drehwinkel von weniger als 10°, beispielsweise 5°. Die für die zweiten und dritten Spulengruppen wirksamen Verbindungselemente und Verbindungskontaktmittel sind in der Fig. 3 angedeutet.A second coil connection 131 of the second coil 103b is connected to the second connection distributor 1 12b via a second connection element 134, which integrally forms a second connection contact means 135, a third connection element 136, a third connection contact means 137 and a further third connection element 138 and thus from the outside the device can be electrically contacted via the second connecting lug 1 12a. In the position of the switching ring 108 shown, the coils 103a, 103b of the first coil group are thus electrically connected in parallel. Switching to a series connection of the coils within the coil groups is carried out by rotating the switching ring 108 in the circumferential direction 106, that is to say counterclockwise, by an angle of rotation of less than 10 °, for example 5 °. The one for the second and third coil groups effective connection elements and connection contact means are indicated in FIG. 3.
Die Fig. 4 zeigt das Schaltbild der Parallelschaltung der Spulen 3a bis 3d der ersten Spulengruppe 3. Der erste Spulenanschluss 9 der ersten Spule 3a der ersten Spulengruppe 3 ist über den ersten Anschlussverteiler 10b und die erste Anschlussfahne 10a kontaktierbar. In entsprechender Weise ist der zweite Spulenanschluss 1 1 der letzten Spule 3d der ersten Spulengruppe 3 über den zweiten Anschlussverteiler 12b und die zweite Anschlussfahne 12a kontaktierbar. Durch die schematisch dargestellten4 shows the circuit diagram of the parallel connection of the coils 3a to 3d of the first coil group 3. The first coil connection 9 of the first coil 3a of the first coil group 3 can be contacted via the first connection distributor 10b and the first connection lug 10a. Correspondingly, the second coil connection 11 of the last coil 3d of the first coil group 3 can be contacted via the second connection distributor 12b and the second connection lug 12a. Through the schematically represented
Schaltmittel 7, deren Drehbarkeit durch den Doppelpfeil 25 angedeutet ist, sind die Spulen 3a bis 3d der ersten Spulengruppe 3 von der in der Fig. 4 dargestellten Parallelschaltung, bei der jede Spule 3a bis 3d zwischen die Anschlussfahnen 10a und 12a geschaltet ist, in die in der Fig. 5 dargestellte Serienschaltung, bei der die Spulen 3a bis 3d elektrisch hintereinander geschaltet sind und die erste Anschlussfahne 10a nur mit dem ersten Spulenanschluss 9 der ersten Spule 3a verbunden ist, und zurück umschaltbar. Wenngleich in den Figuren 4 und 5 nur die Umschaltung betreffend die Spulen 3a bis 3d der ersten Spulengruppe 3 dargestellt ist, wirken das Schaltmittel 7 in entsprechender Weise auf die entsprechende Schalteranordnungen für die Spulen der zweiten und dritten Spulengruppen 4 und 5 und schalten diese vorzugsweise gleichzeitig und gleichartig mit den Spulen der ersten Spulengruppe 3 zwischen der Parallel- und Seriellschaltung um. Switching means 7, the rotatability of which is indicated by the double arrow 25, are the coils 3a to 3d of the first coil group 3 of the parallel connection shown in FIG. 4, in which each coil 3a to 3d is connected between the connecting lugs 10a and 12a, in the 5, in which the coils 3a to 3d are electrically connected in series and the first connection lug 10a is only connected to the first coil connection 9 of the first coil 3a and can be switched back. Although only the switchover relating to the coils 3a to 3d of the first coil group 3 is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the switching means 7 act in a corresponding manner on the corresponding switch arrangements for the coils of the second and third coil groups 4 and 5 and preferably switch them simultaneously and similar to the coils of the first coil group 3 between the parallel and serial connection.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1 . Vorrichtung zum Wandeln von elektrischer in mechanische Energie und/oder umgekehrt, insbesondere eine kombinierte Motor/Generator-Vorrichtung (1 ; 101 ), mit einem Rotor (123), einem Stator (2; 102), mindestens zwei elektrischen Anschlüssen und mindestens drei in Umfangsrichtung (6; 106) verteilt angeordneten1 . Device for converting electrical into mechanical energy and / or vice versa, in particular a combined motor / generator device (1; 101), with a rotor (123), a stator (2; 102), at least two electrical connections and at least three in Circumferential direction (6; 106) arranged distributed
Spulen (3a bis 3d, 4a bis 4d, 5a bis 5d; 103a, 103b), die jeweils zwei Spulenanschlüsse (9, 13; 109, 1 13) aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch ein sich in Umfangsrichtung (6; 106) der Vorrichtung erstreckendes und drehbares Schaltmittel die Spulenanschlüsse (9, 1 3; 109, 1 13) vorgebbar miteinander und/oder mit den elektrischen Anschlüssen verbindbar sind.Coils (3a to 3d, 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d; 103a, 103b), each of which has two coil connections (9, 13; 109, 1 13), characterized in that the one in the circumferential direction (6; 106) Device-extending and rotatable switching means, the coil connections (9, 1 3; 109, 1 13) can be predetermined and connected to one another and / or to the electrical connections.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltmittel in Umfangsrichtung (6; 106) verteilt angeordnete Schaltelemente aufweist, die jeweils den zu verschaltenden2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching means in the circumferential direction (6; 106) distributed switching elements, each of which to be connected
Spulenanschlüssen (9, 13; 109, 1 13) räumlich zugeordnet sind und die von einem einzigen Betätigungsmittel, vorzugsweise gemeinsam, betätigbar sind.Coil connections (9, 13; 109, 1 13) are spatially assigned and can be actuated by a single actuating means, preferably together.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltmittel einen in Umfangsrichtung umlaufenden Schaltring (8; 108) aufweist.3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the switching means has a circumferential circumferential switching ring (8; 108).
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch das Schaltmittel die Spulen wahlweise in4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coils optionally in by the switching means
Stern- oder Dreieckschaltung schaltbar sind. Star or delta connection can be switched.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 gekennzeichnet durch mindestens zwei Spulengruppen, die jeweils mindestens zwei in Umfangsrichtung (6; 106) verteilt angeordnete Spulen (3a bis 3d, 4a bis 4d, 5a bis 5d; 103a, 103b) aufweisen, und dadurch, dass in5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by at least two coil groups, each having at least two coils (3a to 3d, 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d; 103a, 103b) arranged distributed in the circumferential direction (6; 106), and in that in
Umfangsrichtung (6; 106) Spulen (3a bis 3d) einer ersten Spulengruppe und Spulen (4a bis 4d, 5a bis 5d) weiterer Spulengruppen abwechselnd hintereinander angeordnet sind und dass durch das Schaltmittel die Spulen (3a bis 3d, 4a bis 4d, 5a bis 5d; 103a, 103b) mindestens einer und vorzugsweise jeder Spulengruppe wahlweise jeweils elektrisch in Serie oder elektrisch parallel schaltbar sind.Circumferential direction (6; 106) coils (3a to 3d) of a first coil group and coils (4a to 4d, 5a to 5d) of further coil groups are arranged alternately one behind the other and that the switching means cause the coils (3a to 3d, 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d; 103a, 103b) at least one and preferably each coil group can optionally be electrically connected in series or electrically in parallel.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein erster Spulenanschluss (9; 109) einer ersten Spule (3a, 4a, 5a; 103a) jeder Spulengruppe mit einer ersten Anschlusselektrode (10; 1 10) der jeweiligen Spulengruppe fest verbunden ist, dass ein zweiter Spulenanschluss (1 1 ) einer letzten Spule (3d, 4d, 5d) jeder Spulengruppe mit einer zweiten Anschlusselektrode (12; 1 12) der jeweiligen Spulengruppe fest verbunden ist und dass die ersten und zweiten Anschlusselektroden (10, 12; 1 10, 1 12) jeder Spulengruppe von außerhalb der Vorrichtung elektrisch kontaktierbar sind.6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that a first coil connection (9; 109) of a first coil (3a, 4a, 5a; 103a) of each coil group is fixedly connected to a first connection electrode (10; 1 10) of the respective coil group, that a second coil connection (1 1) of a last coil (3d, 4d, 5d) of each coil group is firmly connected to a second connection electrode (12; 1 12) of the respective coil group and that the first and second connection electrodes (10, 12; 1 10 , 1 12) each coil group can be electrically contacted from outside the device.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten und zweiten Anschlusselektroden (10, 12; 1 10, 1 12) durch sich in Umfangsrichtung (6; 106) erstreckende Anschlussverteiler (1 Ob, 12b; 1 1 Ob, 1 12b) an jede Spule der zugehörigen Spulengruppe geführt sind. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the first and second connection electrodes (10, 12; 1 10, 1 12) by connection distributors (1 Ob, 12b; 1 1 Ob, 1 12b) extending in the circumferential direction (6; 106) ) are led to each coil of the associated coil group.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die von dem Schaltmittel zu verbindenden Spulenanschlüsse (9; 109) jeweils mit einem Anschlusskontaktmittel (1 5; 1 1 5) verbunden sind, das in Umfangsrichtung (6; 106) an einer der zugehörigen Spule (3a; 103a) entsprechenden Position angeordnet ist, und dass das Schaltmittel Verbindungskontaktmittel (17; 1 1 7) aufweist, die radial und/oder axial gegenüber den Anschlusskontaktmitteln (1 5; 1 1 5) angeordnet sind.8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the coil connections to be connected by the switching means (9; 109) are each connected to a connection contact means (1 5; 1 1 5), which in the circumferential direction (6; 106) is arranged at a position corresponding to the associated coil (3a; 103a), and that the switching means has connection contact means (17; 1 1 7) which are arranged radially and / or axially with respect to the connection contact means (1 5; 1 1 5).
9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anschlusskontaktmittel (15; 1 1 5) von einem radial und/oder axial benachbarten und in Umfangsrichtung (6; 106) umlaufenden Stützring in Richtung auf die Verbindungskontaktmittel (1 7; 1 1 7) gestützt sind.9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the connection contact means (15; 1 1 5) from a radially and / or axially adjacent and in the circumferential direction (6; 106) circumferential support ring in the direction of the connection contact means (1 7; 1 1 7 ) are supported.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungskontaktmittel (1 7; 1 1 7) von einem radial und/oder axial benachbarten und in Umfangsrichtung (6; 106) umlaufenden Spannring (22) in Richtung auf die Anschlusskontaktmittel (1 5; 1 15) gestützt sind.10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the connecting contact means (1 7; 1 1 7) from a radially and / or axially adjacent and circumferential (6; 106) circumferential clamping ring (22) in the direction of the connection contact means ( 1 5; 1 15) are supported.
1 1 . Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den Anschlusskontaktmitteln (1 5; 1 1 5) und den Verbindungskontaktmitteln (1 7; 1 1 7) Verbindungselemente (16, 18; 1 16, 1 18) mit einer wenigstens abschnittsweise kreiszylindrischen Außenumfangsfläche angeordnet sind, deren1 1. Device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that between the connection contact means (1 5; 1 1 5) and the connection contact means (1 7; 1 1 7) connecting elements (16, 18; 1 16, 1 18) with at least one are arranged in sections circular cylindrical outer peripheral surface, the
Längsachse parallel zur Stator- bzw. Rotorachse (123a) ist.Longitudinal axis parallel to the stator or rotor axis (123a).
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeweils zwei in Umfangsrichtung (6; 106) beabstandete Verbindungselemente (1 6, 18; 1 16, 1 18) zwei Anschlusskontaktmittel (1 5, 1 9; 1 1 5, 1 1 9) durch das zugehörige Verbindungskontaktmittel (1 7; 1 1 7) miteinander verbinden. 12. The device according to claim 1 1, characterized in that in each case two connecting elements spaced apart in the circumferential direction (6; 106) (1 6, 18; 1 16, 1 18) connect two connection contact means (1 5, 1 9; 1 1 5, 1 1 9) with each other using the associated connection contact means (1 7; 1 1 7).
EP01919293A 2000-02-16 2001-02-16 Device, especially a combined motor/generator device, for converting electric energy into mechanical energy and/or vice versa Withdrawn EP1256161A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10006829 2000-02-16
DE10006829A DE10006829A1 (en) 2000-02-16 2000-02-16 Combined motor-generator device for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy and/or vice versa has a rotor, a stator, electrical connections and coils fitted around a perimeter with coil connectors.
PCT/EP2001/001763 WO2001061826A1 (en) 2000-02-16 2001-02-16 Device, especially a combined motor/generator device, for converting electric energy into mechanical energy and/or vice versa

Publications (1)

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EP1256161A1 true EP1256161A1 (en) 2002-11-13

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GB0324785D0 (en) * 2003-10-24 2003-11-26 Electronica Products Ltd Magnetic gearing of permanent magnet brushless motors
DE102008007403A1 (en) * 2008-02-04 2009-08-06 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Permanent magnet electric machine for a household appliance

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US3508138A (en) * 1966-07-06 1970-04-21 Krupp Gmbh Generator with plural output coils connected in either series or parallel
JPS5668252A (en) * 1979-11-07 1981-06-08 Hitachi Ltd Motor
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JPS6258858A (en) * 1985-09-02 1987-03-14 Honda Motor Co Ltd Generating set for vehicle
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JP3881757B2 (en) * 1997-11-13 2007-02-14 澤藤電機株式会社 Connection terminal for stator
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