EP1250510B1 - Verbindungselement zwischen seeboden und oberfläche mit einem stabilisierungselement - Google Patents

Verbindungselement zwischen seeboden und oberfläche mit einem stabilisierungselement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1250510B1
EP1250510B1 EP01907665A EP01907665A EP1250510B1 EP 1250510 B1 EP1250510 B1 EP 1250510B1 EP 01907665 A EP01907665 A EP 01907665A EP 01907665 A EP01907665 A EP 01907665A EP 1250510 B1 EP1250510 B1 EP 1250510B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe
float
floats
riser
link according
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP01907665A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1250510A1 (de
Inventor
Olivier Lenormand
Michel Gassert
Stéphane COUPRIE
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Saipem SA
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Saipem SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/01—Risers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/01—Risers
    • E21B17/012—Risers with buoyancy elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the known domain of the bottom-surface bonds of the type having a vertical underwater line, called riser, connecting the bottom of the sea to a floating support installed in area.
  • This floating support comprises in anchoring means in order to remain in position despite the effects of currents, winds and swell. It also usually includes means storage and processing of oil and means of unloading to oil tankers.
  • the name of these supports Floating is the Anglo-Saxon term “Floating Production Storage Offloading” (meaning “floating means of storage, production and unloading”) abbreviated as "FPSO”.
  • FPSO Floating Production Storage Offloading
  • Wellheads are often spread over the entire field and production lines, as well as water injection lines and control cables, are deposited on the seabed in direction of a fixed location, on the vertical side of which the floating support is positioned on the surface.
  • the wellhead equipped with its "Christmas tree" can be installed in surface, on board the floating support. We can then perform, from a derrick installed on said floating support, all drilling operations, production and maintenance of the well throughout the life of the said well. This is called the dry wellhead.
  • Patent No. 2,754,011 is known on behalf of IFP describing a barge and a guide system for risers, the latter being equipped with floats.
  • the underwater pipe then consists of a riser having an underwater pipe joined to at least one float including a coaxial can surrounding said pipe and traversed by said conduct.
  • means for joining said can and said conduct comprise a sealed joint assembled around the said at least one of the upper or lower openings of said can.
  • the floats concerned are large with, in particular a diameter greater than 5m, and a length of 10 to 20m and possess buoyancy up to 100 tonnes.
  • the floats generally extend over a corresponding length about not more than 10% of the length of the bottom-surface bond; especially over a length of 100 to 200 meters.
  • the riser is put in tension by these floats and is guided, from preferably at the floating support, by roller guides located in a plane for maintaining and guiding a riser with respect to floating support.
  • Tensioning means with cables playing the role of guidance can be used.
  • FR 2 754 021 discloses a device for guiding a riser provided with head floats comprising wheels allowing the vertical sliding of the riser, as well as its rotation about an axis horizontally and guiding its horizontal movements, so that the Horizontal translation movements of the riser follow substantially those of the floating support. Also known in FR 99 10417 a device an improved guide system comprising wheels and skates friction arranged radially around the pipe. We finally know various guidance systems involving cable tensioning.
  • the entire riser then behaves like a tight rope between the bottom of the sea and the point on the axis of the guidance system at floating support level.
  • This riser is subject to the effects of swell, current and more horizontal movements of said floating support subject also to the same effects.
  • Water moving in the water section creates drag effects the structure of the riser and its floats, thereby important of variable direction.
  • the floats are distributed over the entire length riser in the form of a cylindrical shell of syntactic foam.
  • the stabilization device consists in modifying the shape of the floats in the upper part corresponding to the submissive section to the swell, to obtain a non-cylindrical surface of hexagonal section.
  • the solution proposed in WO 99/05389 results in a reduction of volume of floats in the upper part and therefore a reduction of their buoyancy with respect to the rest of the riser, with equivalent bulk.
  • This type of plane geometry modification has the effect of increasing the drag and a decrease in excitation induced by detachments swirling, and stabilizes the riser only by absorption of energy.
  • a submissive tubular pipe is stabilized also only to a vibration according to the "guitar" mode by equipping it of a plurality of perforated envelopes at different levels around the current part of the pipe. These perforated envelopes are sliding around driving to be set up specifically at the place areas subject to vibration corresponding to the belly of the vibration.
  • US Pat. No. 5,771,075 discloses a device for stabilizing a riser provided with floats and a stiffening device located above floats.
  • the present invention relates to the stabilization of a type of connection background-surface different from those described in the prior art and proposes a solution of original stabilization.
  • the present invention relates to a connecting device bottom-surface comprising at least one underwater pipe comprising at least one float, preferably a plurality of rosary floats, said floats consisting of cans surrounding said pipe, located in the submerged upper part of the pipe, said pipe being maintained at the surface by a guiding device, preferably at the level of of a floating support, and the part situated below the zone of the floats being so mostly, if not completely, without a float.
  • the term “device for guidance” devices known to those skilled in the art allowing the vertical sliding of the riser, as well as its rotation about an axis horizontal and guiding its horizontal movements, so that these are controlled and preferably follow substantially those of the support floating where appropriate.
  • the problem of the invention is to prevent or reduce the appearance of vibrations corresponding to the combined modes of type "guitar-pendulum" on the risers stretched by floats located at the head, when they are excited by the swell and the current or the displacements the barge, reducing or preferably eliminating the pendulum behavior of the upper part of the riser.
  • the inventors have shown that the problem is to avoid or reduce hydrodynamic phenomena at the origin of the excitation of vibratory modes of the coupled system "riser-floats", and avoid or reduce the response of the coupled system "riser-floats" to excitations.
  • the problem of the present invention therefore relates to a first aspect, the elimination or reduction of the excitation of the modes vibratory system coupled "riser-floats".
  • the inventors evidence that according to this first aspect, the problem concerns only the implementation of devices influencing the original excitation hydrodynamics of vibratory modes due to detachments vortices appearing on the contour of floats or risers.
  • the problem of the present invention also relates, according to a second aspect, the elimination or reduction of the system response coupled "riser-float" to excitations due to phenomena hydrodynamic or horizontal movements of the barge.
  • the inventors have shown that according to this second aspect, the The problem concerns the implementation of devices aimed at modifying frequencies of the vibration modes of the coupled system "riser-float" so to move away from the vortex detachment frequencies and avoid the "hooking phenomenon".
  • connection device bottom-surface comprising at least one underwater pipe comprising at least one float, preferably a plurality of rosary floats, said floats consisting of cans surrounding said pipe, located in the submerged upper part of the pipe, said pipe being maintained at the surface by a guiding device, preferably at the level of a floating support.
  • the part below the float zone is therefore mostly, if not completely, without a float.
  • Said "riser-float" transition zone corresponds to an area where the mechanical characteristics of the pipe (the diameter, the section or the inertia of the pipe) gradually decrease down to reach the current part of the pipe, which corresponds to the part substantially constant diameter pipe below said pipe transition zone.
  • the invention takes advantage of the very particular pendulum behavior of this type of bottom-surface connection, to contribute to the stabilization of the system.
  • the stabilization devices according to the invention are advantageously located at the lower end of the float zone or below the rosary of floats because the inventors have highlighted that this location corresponds to the area where the excitement of detachments swirling is predominant. Indeed, this excitement is strongly related to the amplitude of the horizontal movement of the riser; and at this location the lever arm is the largest relative to the axis of rotation of the pendulum type movement. This location increases the effect stabilizer of the stabilization device. In addition, said location constitutes a singular point of the said conduct because the tension is there Max.
  • the stabilizing devices of the invention thus make it possible to reduce, or even eliminate, the excitation and response modes vibratory system coupled "riser-float".
  • the energy absorption is obtained by a structural element increasing the area of contact with water and / or creating a contact surface with non-cylindrical water with respect to the axis of said pipe.
  • Said additional structural element increasing the surface of contact of the float or the pipe with the water may have a surface to three-dimensional or flat geometry.
  • this surface to three-dimensional geometry is a surface not parallel to the surface cylindrical of the pipe.
  • a stabilizing device comprising an additional mass located in or around a float or surrounding said pipe.
  • said stabilizer device comprises a box, preferably coaxial surrounding said pipe whose surface outer includes perforations.
  • perforation we mean everything space or any opening allowing the water to pass inside.
  • the device stabilizer is a perforated box
  • this one combines different aspects, know that it consists of a device lowering the center of gravity since is located in the lower part of the float area, and a device increasing the mass of water driven during its movement in the as it contains water, and an energy absorbing device of the increase of the drag related to the perforations of the surface.
  • a unperforated float partially or completely filled with water.
  • the invention therefore consists in using in particular either devices additional, such as propellers or perforated caissons, or floats not cylindrical in various forms, or the combination of these two types solutions.
  • the float area includes several floats, preferably at least four.
  • the stabilizer device is located on or at the level of float, or in the transition zone, just below the lowest float.
  • Said structural elements with three-dimensional geometry absorb energy, so as to limit the appearance of detachments swirling and / or reducing their lengths of correlation, while increasing the mass of water driven.
  • Stabilizer devices by energy absorption and increase of the driven water body also contribute to modify advantageously, preferably to reduce, the natural frequencies of vibration of the system "riser-float” and therefore reduce its response to the excitement due to hydrodynamic phenomena or horizontal movements of the barge.
  • the invention also comprises the implementation of a device stabilizer to increase the inertia of the string of floats in lowering its center of gravity, and secondly, in a device allowing to increase the mass of water driven during its movement, mass water known to those skilled in the art as "added mass”.
  • These devices are also installed preferably on the lower part of the chain of floats or in below where they are particularly effective because the dynamics of the system coupled is mainly governed by the pendular movement of floats, and thus significantly influences the natural frequency oscillation of the moving riser, taken as a whole.
  • connection device bottom-surface comprising a plurality of subsea pipes according to the invention, that is to say comprising at least one stabilizing device and grouped into bundles.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a bottom-surface connection device comprising a riser 1 equipped with four floats 2.
  • the riser opens in a barge 15 drill bay supporting processing equipment 17.
  • the four floats constitute said zone 4 of the floats.
  • the float superior is of greater diameter and buoyancy especially because it is fully located in the drill bay, that is, an area of the hull of the floating support, sheltered from the effects of the swell and the current.
  • the connecting device comprises in its lower part a pipe 1 of substantially constant diameter, as well as a transition zone 5 with a slight taper just below the float area.
  • the top of the riser is guided by guiding system comprising a device roller 16 secured to the structure of said barge.
  • FIG. 13 is a sectional view from above of a pipe 1 a current causing vortices 26 downstream of said conduit.
  • the vorticity phenomenon is represented in position A.
  • the whirlpool originates in this position, develops and then detaches itself of the structure and is then trained in the current, downstream of the conduct.
  • a Another whirlpool is born in position B, which will evolve thereafter.
  • This position B is substantially symmetrical with the position A with respect to the axis of the current.
  • the vortices are thus generated alternately in the positions A and B.
  • This instability is called "swirling detachment"
  • the appearance of a vortex is accompanied by a lack of pressure, and when it occurs on the same side simultaneously on a height the side forces generated tend to move the pipe to the left, ie to the C position.
  • Figures 2, 3 and 4 are side views of a pipe 1 recessed in the foot and tensioned at the head by external means not shown, and guided by a roller device 16, respectively in resting position (Figure 2), and vibration type "guitar” respectively in mode 1 ( Figure 3) and in mode 2 ( Figure 4).
  • the bellies 12 and nodes 11 are formed in planes 10 located substantially at L / 2 or L / 4.
  • Figures 5, 6 and 7 are side views of a riser 1 tensioned by floats 2 and guided at the head by a roller device 16, in situation respectively of rest (figure 5), and of vibration type "guitar-pendulum", respectively in mode 1 ( Figure 6) and mode 2 ( Figure 7).
  • FIG. 5 shows to the right of the riser the variation substantially linear of the riser voltage along its longitudinal axis.
  • the voltage increases from the guide point.
  • the voltage is maximum (Tmax) at the junction of the float zone with the transition zone 5.
  • Tmax the tension decreases with the depth in the current part and gives to the riser a mode of deformation of the type "vibrating rope" (figures 6 and 7) also called “guitar mode”.
  • the voltage decreases when we go back to the surface, to reverse and become compression in the emergent part of the riser above the float higher and achieve maximum compression over the system of guidance at the wellhead.
  • the upper part of the riser features as a pendulum swiveling around a fixed point at the head of riser, which is the particularity of this type of riser which constitutes a system coupled "pendulum-vibrating rope" under the effect of the current and the swell on the riser and on the barge.
  • Figures 9 to 12 show stabilization devices which aim to reduce or eliminate the pendular behavior of the party high of the riser. These stabilization devices are located in the area floats 4 or in the transition zone 5 "riser-float" which corresponds to an area where the diameter of the pipe decreases gradually down until reaching the current part of the pipe, which corresponds to the part of the pipe with a diameter substantially constant below said transition zone.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 representing the zone of the floats, the forces F buoyancy and mass P linked to the center of gravity of the whole, respectively without additional mass (Figure 8) and with mass additional 7 installed in the lower part of the lower float ( Figure 9).
  • the additional mass 7 is obtained by an enclosure surrounding the float containing a weighty compound such as iron ore. He could be a float itself filled with water.
  • the mass of the zone of the floats corresponds to P1.
  • the additional mass 7 increases the mass value from P1 to P2 and lowers the center of gravity. The recall moment of the P2 force is thus increased, which has the effect of stabilizing driving.
  • FIG. 10 is a side view of a riser 1 comprising floats 2, "propeller" type stabilizers 8 comprising helical ramps are installed on the lowest float, preferably in its low.
  • the propellers 8 could advantageously be installed on the part constituting the transition zone 5, located just below the last float. The maximum efficiency zone is in one of these two positions.
  • the propellers are installed very punctually, by example on a height of three or four meters. Each helical ramp 8 only realizes a partial angular section of the float contour.
  • FIG. 11 is a side view of a riser 1 comprising floats 2, equipped with a box-type stabilization device perforated to turbulence 9, located below and in continuation of the lowest float, for example in the transition zone, that is to say at a depth approximately 50 to 100 m away from the effects of the swell.
  • This box is consisting of a simple envelope pierced with holes of variable section or no, supportive of the riser.
  • the mass of water trapped inside the caisson can represent 20 to 50 tons will be put in motion during Lateral movements of the riser and opposes by its inertia to said trips.
  • the openings made in the box allow limited movements of the trapped water outwards, then inwards, this which creates additional damping by energy absorption and thus considerably increases the stabilizing effect.
  • FIG. 12 is a side view of a riser 1 equipped with floats 2 of various external forms whose purpose is to absorb energy for prevent the formation of swirling detachments leading to snapping effects.
  • the vortex detachments occur on the outer surfaces of the floats or pipes as explained in the description of FIG. 13.
  • the generatrices are cylindrical (2 a )
  • the vortices 26 tend to be formed simultaneously. the same side on varying lengths. As soon as the length becomes sufficient, for example 5 or 10 meters or more, the generated forces accumulate and are directed in the same direction, which causes the phenomenon "hooking" leading to the vibration of the riser.

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Claims (14)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Boden-Oberflächen-Verbindung, umfassend wenigstens eine Unterwasserleitung (1), die wenigstens einen Schwimmkörper (2), vorzugsweise eine Mehrzahl von perlschnurartigen Schwimmkörpern umfaßt, wobei die Schwimmkörper aus Kanistern bestehen, die die Leitung (1) umgeben und im oberen eingetauchten Teil der Leitung angeordnet sind, wobei die Leitung an der Oberfläche durch eine Vorrichtung zur Führung, vorzugsweise auf der Ebene eines schwimmenden Trägers (15), von einem Schwimmkörper gehalten wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie wenigstens eine Stabilisierungsvorrichtung (8) umfaßt, die in dem oberen Teil der Leitung angeordnet ist, bestehend aus:
    dem unteren Teil der Zone der Schwimmkörper (4), vorzugsweise über oder auf der Ebene des niedrigsten Schwimmkörpers, und
    der Übergangszone (5) zwischen den Schwimmkörpern (4) und dem durchlaufenden Teil mit im Wesentlichen konstantem Durchmesser (6) von der Leitung (1).
  2. Vorrichtung zur Boden-Oberflächen-Verbindung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stabilisierungsvorrichtung wenigstens eine Vorrichtung umfaßt, die gewählt ist unter:
    einer Energieabsorptionsvorrichtung (7, 8, 9)
    einer Vorrichtung, die die Wassermasse vergrößert, die bei ihrer Bewegung mitgezogen wird (7, 9), und
    einer Vorrichtung, die den Schwerpunkt (7, 9) des oberen Teils der Leitung erniedrigt.
  3. Vorrichtung zur Boden-Oberflächen-Verbindung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stabilisierungsvorrichtung wenigstens zwei, vorzugsweise drei Wirkungen vereint, gewählt unter:
    der Energieabsorption (7, 8, 9),
    der Vergrößerung der Wassermasse, die bei deren Bewegung (7, 9) mitgezogen wird, und
    der Erniedrigung des Schwerpunkts (7, 9) des oberen Teils der Leitung.
  4. Vorrichtung zur Boden-Oberflächen-Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung ein Strukturelement umfaßt, das die Fläche in Kontakt mit dem Wasser (8) vergrößert oder eine Kontaktfläche mit dem Wasser erzeugt, die nicht zylindrisch im Verhältnis zur Achse der Leitung (2b, 2c, 2d) ist.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stabilisierungsvorrichtung die nicht zylindrische Form (2b, 2c, 2d)der Außenfläche eines Schwimmkörpers (2) oder eines Teils der Leitung (5) umfaßt.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stabilisierungsvorrichtung wenigstens einen helikalen Lauf (8) umfaßt, der einen sogenannten Schwimmkörper (2) oder die Leitung (1) umgibt.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stabilisierungsvorrichtung einen koaxialen Rahmen umfaßt, der die Leitung umgibt und dessen Außenoberfläche Perforationen (9) umfaßt.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stabilisierungsvorrichtung eine zusätzliche Masse (7) umfaßt, die in oder um einen Schwimmkörper (2) herum angeordnet ist oder die Leitung (1) umgibt.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen teilweise mit Wasser gefüllten Schwimmkörper umfaßt, vorzugsweise den niedrigsten Schwimmkörper.
  10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zone der Schwimmkörper (4) mehrere Schwimmkörper (2) vorzugsweise wenigstens vier umfaßt.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stabilisierungsvorrichtung in dem unteren Teil der Zone der Schwimmkörper (4) angeordnet ist, vorzugsweise über oder auf der Ebene des niedrigsten Schwimmkörpers.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stabilisierungsvorrichtung in der Überganszone (5), vorzugsweise genau unter dem niedrigsten Schwimmkörper angeordnet ist.
  13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zone der Schwimmkörper mehrere Schwimmkörper umfaßt, deren Außenoberflächen verschiedene, nicht zylindrische Formen aufweisen, von denen die Mantellinie gerade (2b) oder gekrümmt (2c, 2d) sein kann.
  14. Vorrichtung zur Boden-Oberflächen-Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Mehrzahl der unterirdischen Leitungen umfaßt, die zu Bündeln gruppiert sind.
EP01907665A 2000-01-24 2001-01-22 Verbindungselement zwischen seeboden und oberfläche mit einem stabilisierungselement Expired - Lifetime EP1250510B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0000865A FR2804162B1 (fr) 2000-01-24 2000-01-24 Dispositif de liaison fond-surface comportant un dispositif stabilisateur
FR0000865 2000-01-24
PCT/FR2001/000203 WO2001053651A1 (fr) 2000-01-24 2001-01-22 Dispositif de liaison fond-surface comportant un dispositif stabilisateur

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EP1250510A1 EP1250510A1 (de) 2002-10-23
EP1250510B1 true EP1250510B1 (de) 2005-10-26

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US (1) US6712559B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1250510B1 (de)
KR (1) KR20020081272A (de)
AT (1) ATE307956T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2001235578A1 (de)
BR (1) BR0107712A (de)
DE (1) DE60114365D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2804162B1 (de)
NO (1) NO20023420D0 (de)
OA (1) OA12140A (de)
WO (1) WO2001053651A1 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2804162A1 (fr) 2001-07-27
DE60114365D1 (de) 2005-12-01
EP1250510A1 (de) 2002-10-23
AU2001235578A1 (en) 2001-07-31
US20030000705A1 (en) 2003-01-02
OA12140A (fr) 2006-05-05
BR0107712A (pt) 2002-11-19
NO20023420L (no) 2002-07-16
ATE307956T1 (de) 2005-11-15
KR20020081272A (ko) 2002-10-26
WO2001053651A1 (fr) 2001-07-26
NO20023420D0 (no) 2002-07-16
FR2804162B1 (fr) 2002-06-07
US6712559B2 (en) 2004-03-30

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