Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
  • E21B21/01—Arrangements for handling drilling fluids or cuttings outside the borehole, e.g. mud boxes
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
  • E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints
  • E21B19/161—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints using a wrench or a spinner adapted to engage a circular section of pipe
  • E21B19/164—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints using a wrench or a spinner adapted to engage a circular section of pipe motor actuated

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a power tong comprising a dividable spinner and torque tong for spinning in and making up tubular j oints, and an underneath located dividable backup tong for fixedly retaining the tubular, which tongs are axially movable towards and away from each other.
• a spinner and torque tong of this kind is known from NO 163 973, with same inventor as the present invention.
• drilling pipes are used in lengths of approx. 9.5 or 14 meters and diameter 90-170mm.
• casings are secured and consolidated by casings in lengths of approx. 12 meters and diameter 178-510mrn. All of these tubulars have threaded joints that are to be made up with a relatively high torque in order to ensure sealing and that the tubular joints do not loosen during rotation. This means that one of the main activities during well drilling is related to make up and break out tubular joints. Totally about 2-4000 such joining operations per well are involved. For the last 25 years mechanised tools have existed for these operations.
• the existing mechanised equipment for joining tubulars during drilling operations are classified in two categories, power tongs for drill pipes and power tongs for casings, These are two different tools of which the power tong for drill pipes is permanently installed on drill floor and the casing power tong is assembled each time a casing string is to be run into the well.
• power tongs for drill pipes is permanently installed on drill floor and the casing power tong is assembled each time a casing string is to be run into the well.
• existing technology such equipment has to be individually constructed; the casings have thin walled joints while drill pipes have thick walled joints.
• Substantial manual work is involved for assembling and disassembling the equipment for casing running operations.
• said string happens to be filled with drilling mud.
• the string is disassembled in lengths of about 30m, and by separating such a length, the entire mud volume thereof drains out and spills on the drill floor. This is a matter of volume from 125-500 litres. Due to the height of the mud column and the high specific gravity of the mud, the static pressure of the mud at drill floor level is some times up to approx. 5 bar. Due to the working environment and other practical reasons, this can not be let off on the drill floor and thus a mud skirt that surrounds the tubular joint is mounted (see fig.l). This is both a work demanding and time consuming operation, which in many cases also is related to severe working s environment consequences. In the later years, within the Norwegian oilfield sector, mechanically operated mud jackets have been installed.
• the traditional power tong for drill pipes constitutes two main units; an upper unit with drive rollers for spinning in the threads as long as this operation runs easy (spinner tong), and a lower unit that makes up the joint with a set torque. This means that a
• the present power tong introduces a quite new tong concept that combine spinner tong and torque tong in one unit, integrates equipment that collects and suck off drilling mud and integrates equipment for cleaning and lubrication of the threads.
• the 0 tong elements are easy replaceable so that casings also can be run with the same machine.
• a power tong of the introductory said kind is provided, which power tong is distinguished in that a liquid lock is provided between 35 the spinner and torque tong and the backup tong, and a suction for evacuation from the liquid lock the liquid that drains from the tubular during a disconnecting operation between the tubular joints.
• liquid lock is defined by one from the spinner and torque tong downwards directed skirt that circumferentially defines the liquid lock and seals against the backup tong.
• the skirt can be made of a flexible material deflecting inwards du ⁇ ng axial motion of the torque tong and the backup tong towards each other.
• liquid lock in a second embodiment can be circumferentially defined by a collapsible boot or bellows.
• an automatic operable thread doping apparatus may be integrated, which is arranged between the spinner and torque tong and the backup tong, said thread doping apparatus is operable before a spinning in operation between tubular joints are initiated.
• the spinner and torque tong, the backup tong, the liquid lock and the thread doping apparatus can be integrated and arranged in a trolley chassis displaceable on the base floor, said trolley chassis having a vertical column for guiding the spinner and torque tong and the backup tong vertically towards and away from each other.
• the tongs can include a locking mechanism keeping the stationary housing together when the tongs are in operation. While making up the torque of the tubular joints, a working cylinder and a pawl making engagement with the driven ring gear may be used.
• Fig.l shows schematically a situation during disconnection of drill pipes
• Fig.2 shows schematically an elevation view of one complete power tong according to the invention
• Fig.3 shows schematically from above the power tong according to fig.2
• Fig.4 shows schematically a front view of the power tong according to fig.2,
• Fig,5A and 5B show schematically in longitudinal cross-section and from above respectively, a spinner and torque tong in an inactivated state
• Fig.6A and 6B show schematically the tong according to fig.5A and 5B in an activated state
• Fig.7 shows schematically a longitudinal cross section through the spinner and torque tong, and an underneath located backup tong in position for spinning in tubular joints
• Fig.8 shows schematically a longitudinal cross section through the tongs according to f ⁇ g.7 in position after the spinning in of the tubular joints
• Fig.9 shows schematically the tongs according to fig.5-8 used on a 500mm casing
• Fig.10 shows schematically the tongs according to fig.5-8 used on a 300mm casing
• Fig.11 shows schematically a longitudinal cross section through a second embodiment of the liquid lock between the spinner and torque tong and the underneath located backup tong, and a jetting and thread doping apparatus
• Fig.12 shows the second embodiment according to fig.l 1 when the spinner and torque tong and the backup tong are displaced towards each other, and
• Fig.13 shows schematically from above the backup tong having provided a jetting means and a thread doping apparatus respectively.
• Fig.l shows a situation during drilling of wells for oil and gas, both onshore and offshore.
• drill pipes in lengths of approx. 9.5 or 14 meters and diameter 90- 170mm are used.
• the pipe stands are hanged off in an elevator 27 depending from a crown block in top of a derrick (not shown).
• the pipe stands are assembled to the drill string by means of a power tong 25 displaceable arranged on the drill floor towards and away from drill centre.
• pipe stands consisting of three individual pipes are disconnected from the drill string.
• the power tong 25 is used to break out and spinning out the pipe joints.
• the complete integrated power tong 25 is shown in entirety in fig.2. It consists of three main units; trolley and chassis 24 having drive means and possibilities for height adjustments, the spinner and torque tong 1 and the backup tong 10.
• the trolley 24 has wheel sets running on rails that are deployed on drill floor or the base.
• the trolley 24 is displaceable on the raits towards and away from drill centre, which is defined by the longitudinal axis of the pipe stand 26 in fig.l .
• the spinner and torque tong 1 can be elevated and lowered along the vertical column of the trolley 24.
• the backup tong 10 can.be elevated and lowered along the same vertical column.
• a skirt 19 is provided, which defines a liquid lock 35 intended for collecting drilling mud that remains in the pipe stand 26 when the pipe stand is disconnected and lifted out of the drill string. This is shown in more detail in fig.7 and 8.
• Fig.3 shows the power tong 25 from above.
• the spinner and torque tong 1 and the backup tong can be opened along a partition line D in order to be able to proceed towards and embrace a tubular.
• a locking mechanism 37 having a locking bar and shutting lock shown.
• the lock has a built in actuator.
• the lock actuator has a cam that progress into mechanical engagement with the driven ring gear when this is in position for opening the tong 1. This ensures that the tong 1 does not open up unless the rotatable components are aligned with the openings, i.e. the partition line D.
• At the rear end of the tong housing is a hydraulic cylinder arranged for opening and closing the tong.
• a corresponding locking mechanism 38 is also provided on the backup tong 10.
• Fig.4 shows the power tong 25 viewed at the front thereof.
• a pair of hydraulic cylinders 28 is at the upper ends thereof connected to the trolley chassis 24 and at the lower ends thereof to the backup tong 10.
• the backup tong 10 has several wheel pairs 34 running in guides or rails on the trolley chassis 24. By actuation of the hydraulic cylinders 28, the backup tong 10 can be elevated or lowered as desired.
• the spinner and torque tong 1 has several wheel pairs 36 running in vertical guides or rails on the trolley chassis 24.
• a second pair of hydraulic cylinders 29 are at the lower ends thereof connected to the trolley chassis 24 and at the upper ends thereof connected to the spinner and torque tong 1. The hydraulic cylinders 29 can correspondingly elevate or lower the spinning and torque tong 1 as needed.
• the tong 1 has an outer stationary housing 5 and an inner rotatable housing 2.
• a drive gear 9 is supported in the outer housing 5 and the drive gear 9 is in mesh with teeth of a driven ring gear 3 connected to and supported in the rotatable housing 2,
• the outer stationary housing 5, the inner rotatable housing 2 and the driven ring gear 3 are dividable, i.e. that they can be opened for proceeding towards a tubular in opened state and subsequently be closed for embracing the tubular.
• the both housings 5,2 and the driven ring gear 3 have a partition line along which they can be opened.
• the inner rotatable housing 2 receives and retains one or more gripping elements 4.
• the gripping elements 4 are in form of bodies that are both resilient and incompressible. This means that they are not able to change in volume, only in form.
• the rotatable housing 2 also include a squeeze part 6 that is connected to a hydraulic system that is able to activate hydraulic squeeze cylinders 7 acting directly on the squeeze part 6.
• the gripping elements 4 are axially and radially restricted outwards by the housing 2 proper and the squeeze part 6 such that deformation can occur in a substantially radially inward direction only.
• the squeeze cylinders 7 are applied pressure that urge the squeeze part 6 axially against the gripping elements 4 having the housing 2 as an abutment.
• the incompressible bodies have one way to expand only, namely radially inward toward the tubular.
• This inward facing surface has a friction face 4F.
• the outwards facing surface may have custom formed friction face, possibly lugs or teeth that mesh with corresponding lugs or teeth in the housing 2.
• the gripping elements 4 are described in more detail in co-pending international patent application PCT NO99/00400 with title: 'Oevice for frictional engagement with tubular goods".
• Fig.6A and 6B show the spinner and torque tong 1 in a conceived activated state (without the tubular) and illustrate the deformation that happens in the gripping elements 4.
• the pumping cylinders 8 are in one Bnd thereof supported in the driven ring gear 3 and in opposite end supported in the rotatable housing 2.
• the pumping cylinders 8 provide the connection between the driven ring gear 3 and the rotatable housing 2.
• a rotational motion of freedom is present between the driven ring gear 3 and the rotatable housing 2. This motion of freedom is restricted by the stroke of the pumping cylinders 8.
• the driven ring gear 3 is rotated by means of the drive gear 9 that is driven by a hydraulic motor (not shown).
• cylinders 7 provided, called squeeze cyhnders, which are able to urge down the squeeze part 6, which in turn exert pressure against the gripping elements 4.
• the four squeeze cylinders 7 are in hydraulic communication with the pumping cylinders 8 in a closed hydraulic system.
• the pumping cylinders 8 are compressed.
• the friction between the squeeze part 6 and the housing 2 is higher than that between the driven ring gear 3 and the housing 2 so that the pumping cylinders 8 are completely compressed before the squeeze part 6 is dragged along in the rotation.
• This entails that the squeeze cylinders 7 are applied pressures in accordance with the compression of the pumping cylinders 8. This is illustrated in fig.6A and 6B.
• the motion of the squeeze cylinders 7 leads in turn to that the gripping elements 4 are compressed and receive a smaller inner diameter resulting in a squeeze force against the tubular.
• Fig.7 shows a spinner and torque tong 1 that supports a drill pipe 20 ready for spinning into a socket end of a second drill pipe 21.
• the second drill pipe is retained by a device for gripping and fixing a tubular, in the following called a back up tong 10.
• the shown back up tong 10 constitutes the simplest design taking advantage of the invention,
• the back up tong 10 comprises a stationary divided housing 15 having a main part 12 and a squeeze part 16, which are, in respect of the pipe 21, axially moveable towards each other. In the illustrated embodiment, it is the squeeze part 16 that is displaceable by means of a hydraulic cylinder 17 and the main part 12 acts as abutment.
• the gripping elements 14 are, by activation of the squeeze part 16, compressed and squeezed radially inwards against the drill pipe 21.' The friction face 14F of the gripping elements 14 makes direct engagement with the drill pipe 21.
• the back up tong 10 including all components can be opened along a partition line, in order to proceed toward a pipe and subsequently be closed for embracing the drill pipe 21.
• Fig.8 shows a situation where the spinner and torque tong 1 has spinned the pin end of the drill pipe 20 into the socket end of the drill pipe 21.
• the tongs 1,1 are axially moved towards each other; normally the spinner and torque tong 1 towards the back up tong 10.
• the squeeze cylinders 17 are activated by an ordinary hydraulic system that supplies pressure to the piston of the squeeze cylinders 17.
• a working cylinder for making up the set torque in the tubular joints is actuated.
• the lower tubular 21 is still fixedly retained by the backup tong 10.
• the cylinder displaces a toothed pawl into engagement with the teeth of the driven ring gear 3 and turns the gear 3, the housing 2, the squeeze part 6 and the retained pipe 20 until the predetermined make up torque in the tubular joint is obtained.
• a similar cylinder and pawl are provided on opposite side of the tong housing 2 for breaking out the torqued tubular joints.
• the lower tubular 21 is fixedly retained by the backup tong 10.
• the entire squeeze means can be reversed by resetting valves between the pump cylinders 8 and squeeze cylinders 7.
• Fig.7 and 8 also show the mud skirt 19 in closer detail.
• the mud skirt 19 seals between the two tongs 1.10.
• a sealed off chamber, or liquid lock 35 can be obtained between the two tongs 1,10 by means of the skirt 19.
• This liquid lock 35 is applied with vacuum so that the drilling mud is sucked off effectively in those cases this is required.
• An apparatus 11 for high pressure jetting and lubrication of the threaded sections is also provided in this 5 liquid lock 35. Reference is given to fig.l 1-13 for a ore detailed description of this apparatus 11.
• Fig.8 shows a situation where the tongs 1,10 are completely mated and the mud skirt 19 deflects inwards.
• Alternatives to the skirt 19 are a boot or bellows that are able to i o perform the same function.
• the material is that a sealed off. enclosure in form of a liquid lock 35 that retains the mud until it is evacuated is provided.
• Fig.9 shows another situation in which a variant of the spinner and torque tong 1 ' is used on a 20" casing 30 having a threaded pin end 32 that is to be spinned into a is threaded socket end 33 of a corresponding casing 31.
• the casing 31 is fixed by a variant of the backup tong 10'.
• the spinner and torque tong 1 ' has a configuration and a moment of force that is in particular adapted to the make up torques applicable for casings.
• Fig.10 shows still another situation in which a variant of the spinner and torque tong 1 ' ' is used on a 13 3/8" casing 40 having a threaded pin end 42 that is to be spinned into a threaded socket end 43 of a corresponding casing 41.
• the casing 41 is fixed by another variant of the back up tong 10".
• the spinner and torque tong 1 " has a configuration and a moment of force that is in particular adapted to the make up torques applicable for
• Fig.l 1 shows a second embodiment of the liquid lock 35' and the mud skirt 19' provided between the spinner and torque tong 1 and the backup tong 10.
• the jetting and thread doping apparatus 11 is also shown in a way it can be arranged on the backup tong 30 10.
• the mud skirt 19' is now secured to the outer stationary spinner and torque tong housing 5 and to the outer housing 15 of the backup tong 10.
• an outlet 13 and a chute 18 are provided in the housing 15.
• the chute 18 leads the liquid towards the outlet 13.
• a vacuum hose can be mounted to the outlet 13 for enclosed evacuation of the liquid.
• Fig.12 shows how the mud skirt 19' is compressed and folds together in the same way as a boot or bellows.
• the placement of the jetting and thread doping apparatus 11 is shown in fig.13.
• a jetting means 11 A in form of a nozzle for cleaning of the threads on a .tubular end shown. This operation takes place while the mud lock is intact and the jetting liquid can be evacuated as described above.
• a thread doping apparatus 1 IB in form of a lubrication nozzle for applying fresh lubricant onto the threads of the tubular ends before the tubulars are spinned in is also illustrated.
• the jetting and thread doping apparatus is adapted both for manual and automatic operation of the jetting means 11 A and the lubrication nozzle 1 IB and can be operated independently of each other. If necessary, several jetting means 11A and lubrication nozzles 1 IB can be deployed at convenient locations of the backup tong 10, optionally on the spinner and torque tong 1.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

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• 1999
  • 1999-12-07 NO NO19996017A patent/NO310527B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-12-21 CA CA002393752A patent/CA2393752A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-12-21 WO PCT/NO1999/000399 patent/WO2001049968A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-12-21 EP EP99962585A patent/EP1242712A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-12-21 AU AU18992/00A patent/AU1899200A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-12-21 EA EA200200609A patent/EA003561B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation

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