EP1240685B1 - Vehicle antenna - Google Patents
Vehicle antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1240685B1 EP1240685B1 EP20000977423 EP00977423A EP1240685B1 EP 1240685 B1 EP1240685 B1 EP 1240685B1 EP 20000977423 EP20000977423 EP 20000977423 EP 00977423 A EP00977423 A EP 00977423A EP 1240685 B1 EP1240685 B1 EP 1240685B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle antenna
- radiator
- vehicle
- antenna
- piece
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element
- H01Q9/38—Vertical arrangement of element with counterpoise
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
- H01Q1/3283—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle side-mounted antennas, e.g. bumper-mounted, door-mounted
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
- H01Q5/321—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a vehicle antenna, which is preferably intended for mobile radio according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such antennas as they are known as so-called disc antennas (see for example DE 44 43 596 A1) with radiators integrated in vehicle windows are known, have the disadvantage that they are arranged in an undesirable manner visibly around the vehicle are and require complex connection equipment.
- Vehicle antennas that are not visible are known, for example, from WO 99 21 247 A and DE 298 18 430 U.
- the first-mentioned publication describes antennas which are integrated in a non-conductive housing, for example a rear view mirror or a third brake light.
- the view cover is brought about by the non-transparent plastic housing.
- the antenna known from DE 298 18 430 U is for an arrangement below a body part, such as the trunk lid, provided.
- vehicle antennas that are not visible are also known from so-called bumper antennas.
- DE 41 16 232 A1 describes an antenna integrated in a non-conductive vehicle bumper, which is not visible as a result, but is at great risk in the event of a crash. This applies in particular to training with two probes connected to one another in the corner regions of the bumper by a line and possibly a line coupler, because the antenna is no longer functional even if the connecting line is interrupted.
- the required minimum distance of the spotlights from the metallic body serving as a reflector is increasingly rare in modern vehicles because the bumpers are no longer on display for design and safety reasons, but are arranged close to the body.
- the mutual distance is sometimes less than 20 mm, which results in a too strong capacitive coupling in the frequency ranges provided for mobile radio, which practically causes a short circuit of the antenna.
- a vehicle antenna known from DE 198 30 811 A1 such a small distance is also not possible because of the radar housing arranged on the inside of the bumper.
- the known bumper antennas are therefore severely limited in their area of application.
- an additional splash-proof opening is required to introduce the connecting line into the interior of the body, thereby increasing the manufacturing and assembly costs.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of a vehicle antenna at the outset to create the type mentioned in the simplest and cheapest possible way not visible, easy to connect, independent of the body material as well as their structure is not restricted by the part receiving them is not reduced the driver's field of vision and the vehicle interior and has a low risk of crash damage, in its effectiveness is independent of the distance of the spotlight from the body and none special body bushing required for a connecting cable.
- the characterizing features of claim 1 Because the antenna and the connecting line are not part of the attachment, the risk of damage, at least in the event of minor collisions, is significantly reduced in comparison to bumper antennas.
- the add-on part acts as a visual cover without additional effort, so that there is no obvious indication of the presence of a mobile radio device with the associated risk of theft. Above all, however, the separation of the antenna and the covering add-on part means that both can be optimally designed without compromise according to their desired electrical and mechanical function and do not result in any restrictions on usable space.
- the arrangement of the radiator in a body opening, in which the conductive body therefore does not serve as a reflector, also makes the antenna completely independent of the distance of the attachment from the radiator.
- the antenna is therefore also suitable for use in modern vehicles in which this distance is increasingly reduced.
- the support part can be designed without any effort so that any emitter structures can be attached to it.
- no additional and specially sealed body opening is required to pass the antenna connection cable; rather, cabling on the structural side is made possible in a cost-saving manner.
- the Counterweight can be connected to an additional reference potential such as For example, that of a metallic body can be dispensed with, thereby reducing the effort is further reduced in manufacture and assembly.
- the training does as a coordinated counterweight and the dimensioning of the invention Body opening a lock for jacket shafts on the feed line.
- a slot antenna according to claim 5 For installation sites with a low height, especially behind relatively narrow ones Crash protection strips, is an embodiment of the vehicle antenna according to the invention Suitable as a slot antenna according to claim 5, because the length of the body opening must be greater than ⁇ / 2, but its height (slot width) is small.
- An embodiment of the vehicle antenna according to claim 6 is particularly effective, regardless of whether it is designed as a monopole or as a slot antenna. Because the reflector only emits radiation to the outside, ie in the desired direction, and this with increased performance. The distance of the reflector from the spotlight can be exact have the optimal radio frequency value and is not, as with the bumper antenna, compromise deteriorating as the radiation properties shorten.
- the diagram is advantageous adaptable to the requirements of the individual case within certain limits.
- the directivity can be increased in certain angular ranges become.
- a dual-band antenna is created with minimal effort, which can be designed, for example, for the D and E network.
- These locking elements are simple and expediently constructed as LC elements (claim 11). However, they can also be designed as line resonant circuits.
- the board gives the radiator stability despite the thin conductor and is also much cheaper to attach than pure antenna wires.
- the LC blocking elements are simple and can be inserted into the conductor tracks in accordance with both the mechanical and the electrical requirements, advantageously in accordance with claim 13 in SMD technology.
- the dielectric of the circuit board also has an electrical shortening effect, so that the radiators and counterweights can be made smaller.
- the vehicle antenna according to claim 14 is therefore provided, the entire circuit board to be splash-proof coated with insulating material. It's special about that simple and practical to encapsulate or cast this component. At this Execution it is also possible to create practically any outer contour so that the component can be optimally adapted to the shape of the mounting surface.
- the potting compound also allows a defined component to be encased To give elasticity or to maintain its elasticity, especially then is advantageous if such components on strongly vibrating or vibrating Elements such as Vehicle parts are attached.
- thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive as a potting material according to claim 15 is particularly advantageous because, because of its short solidification time and the possibility of carrying out the injection molding process in the low-pressure range, it enables time-saving and inexpensive production.
- thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive due to the gluing by the hot-melt adhesive, an absolute tightness and at the same time a high strain relief of parts led out of the sheathing, such as cable sheaths, is achieved.
- the thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive forms a chemical bond with them, at least on the surface, which is absolutely leak-proof and ensures high strain relief.
- the circuit board is on an existing one for other purposes non-conductive support member attached (claim 16). This is not just one ensures stable arrangement, but this spotlight component at any time on the vehicle retrofitted. It can of course also be used as initial equipment on or in one Plastic carrier part can be integrated.
- a particularly suitable mounting location for the antenna according to the invention is provided in most cars for pressure equalization when the vehicle doors are quickly closed on both sides of the trunk, which are covered by plastic bumpers and are not easily visible behind them (claim 17).
- louvre-type ventilation flaps are usually fitted, which are provided with lugs that can be moved outwards, which open outwards under pressure from the vehicle interior and otherwise rest against the ventilation flaps to prevent the ingress of water.
- the monopoly and possibly the counterweights having components according to claim 18 to be attached to the ventilation flaps, whereby, of course, the mobility of the rags must not be hindered.
- a particularly simple and sufficiently stable attachment is listed in claim 19.
- the holding pins are inexpensive according to claims 20 and 21 made in one piece with the ventilation flaps, for example by injection molding.
- the the antenna part having the radiator is then only for mounting on the associated one To snap on the ventilation flap.
- the vehicle antenna consists of two separate radiator parts 1, each with one Grid-shaped reflector, not shown, arranged towards the vehicle interior.
- Each radiator part 1 consists of a monopole 2 and two adapted counterweights 3 connected to its base point A, which protrude in opposite directions orthogonally, and one LC blocking element 4 which is switched into the monopoly 2 and the counterweights 3.
- Monopoly 2 and counterweights 3 are arranged as printed conductor tracks on a one-sided laminated T-shaped printed circuit board 5, into which the LC blocking elements designed as SMD components are connected in series. The total length of the monopole 2 and the counterweights 3 is matched to the D-network frequency range.
- the LC blocking elements 4 are designed for the E-network frequency range and are arranged in such a way that their distance from the base point A of the monopole 2 corresponds approximately to 1 ⁇ 4 of the mean operating wavelength in this frequency range. This creates a broadband dual-band antenna that works in both the D and E network frequency ranges.
- Each radiator part 1 is on the outward-facing side in a plastic injection molding process manufactured ventilation flap 6 attached. This points to this one-piece retaining pin 7 with locking lugs 8 on the 1 holes when the radiator part is mounted 9 penetrate the circuit board 5 and reach behind it with a click.
- the fan flaps 6 each have a frame 10 and four sloping grille surfaces 11, each of which is attached to the frame 10 with the upper longitudinal edge this edge is assigned to movable tabs 12, of which only one in FIG. 2 is shown.
- the fan flaps 6 are in body openings on both sides of the trunk of the vehicle 13 14 attached by the side extensions of the rear bumper 15 are arranged concealed. If there is excess pressure inside the vehicle, for example when a vehicle door is closed quickly, it is closed Air escaping from the fan flaps to the outside is broken down.
- the Tabs 12 first pivoted outwards by the excess pressure; after pressure equalization they are then again close to the grid surfaces 11 and protect the Trunk so before splashing water.
- the two radiator parts 1 are (in the known from DE 41 16 232 A1 Way) interconnected via feed lines and a line coupler and via a connection cable to a transceiver for the mobile radio areas of the D and E network supplied.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine vorzugsweise für Mobilfunk bestimmte Fahrzeugantenne
nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a vehicle antenna, which is preferably intended for mobile radio
according to the preamble of
Derartige Antennen, wie sie durch sogenannte Scheibenantennen (siehe beispielsweise DE 44 43 596 A1) mit in Fahrzeugscheiben integrierten Strahlern bekannt sind, weisen den Nachteil auf, dass sie in unerwünschter Weise sichtbar um Fahrzeug angeordnet sind und aufwendige Anschlusseinrichtungen benötigen.Such antennas, as they are known as so-called disc antennas (see for example DE 44 43 596 A1) with radiators integrated in vehicle windows are known, have the disadvantage that they are arranged in an undesirable manner visibly around the vehicle are and require complex connection equipment.
Nicht sichtbare Fahrzeugantennen sind beispielsweise aus der WO 99 21 247 A und
der DE 298 18 430 U bekannt.
In der zuerst genannten Druckschrift sind Antennen beschrieben, die in einem nicht
leitenden Gehäuse z.B. eines Rückspiegels oder einer dritten Bremsleuchte integriert
sind. Die Sichtabdeckung wird dabei durch die nicht transparenten Kunststoffgehäuse
bewirkt.Vehicle antennas that are not visible are known, for example, from WO 99 21 247 A and DE 298 18 430 U.
The first-mentioned publication describes antennas which are integrated in a non-conductive housing, for example a rear view mirror or a third brake light. The view cover is brought about by the non-transparent plastic housing.
Die aus der DE 298 18 430 U bekannte Antenne ist für eine Anordnung unter einem Karosserieteil, etwa dem Kofferraumdeckel, vorgesehen. The antenna known from DE 298 18 430 U is for an arrangement below a body part, such as the trunk lid, provided.
Weiterhin sind nicht sichtbare Fahrzeugantennen auch von sogenannten Stoßfängerantennen
bekannt. Beispielsweise ist in der DE 41 16 232 A1 eine in einem nicht
leitenden Fahrzeug-Stoßfänger integrierte Antenne beschrieben, die dadurch zwar
nicht sichtbar, aber im Crash-Fall stark gefährdet ist. Dies trifft insbesondere für die
Ausbildung mit zwei durch eine Leitung und ggf. einem Leitungskdppler miteinander
verbundenen, in den Eckbereichen des Stoßfängers angeordneten Sonden zu, weil
dabei schon durch Unterbrechung der Verbindungsleitung die Antenne nicht mehr
funktionsfähig ist.
Außerdem steht der erforderliche Mindestabstand der Strahler von der als Reflektor
dienenden metallischen Karosserie in modernen Fahrzeugen immer seltener zur Verfügung,
weil die Stoßfänger aus Design- und Sicherheitsgründen nicht mehr ausgestellt,
sondern dicht an der Karosserie angeordnet werden. Der gegenseitige Abstand
ist dabei teilweise kleiner als 20 mm, wodurch sich in den für Mobilfunk vorgesehen
Frequenzbereiche in eine zu starke kapazitive Kopplung ergibt, die praktisch einen
Kurzschluss der Antenne bewirkt.
Bei einer aus der DE 198 30 811 A1 bekannten Fahrzeugantenne ist ein derartig geringer
Abstand auch wegen des an der Innenseite des Stoßfängers angeordneten Radargehäuses
nicht möglich.
Die bekannten Stoßfängerantennen sind damit in ihrem Anwendungsbereich stark
eingeschränkt. Überdies wird zur Einführung der Anschlussleitung in das Innere der
Karosserie in dieser eine zusätzliche spritzwasserdichte Öffnung benötigt und dadurch
der Herstellungs- und Montageaufwand erhöht.Furthermore, vehicle antennas that are not visible are also known from so-called bumper antennas. For example, DE 41 16 232 A1 describes an antenna integrated in a non-conductive vehicle bumper, which is not visible as a result, but is at great risk in the event of a crash. This applies in particular to training with two probes connected to one another in the corner regions of the bumper by a line and possibly a line coupler, because the antenna is no longer functional even if the connecting line is interrupted.
In addition, the required minimum distance of the spotlights from the metallic body serving as a reflector is increasingly rare in modern vehicles because the bumpers are no longer on display for design and safety reasons, but are arranged close to the body. The mutual distance is sometimes less than 20 mm, which results in a too strong capacitive coupling in the frequency ranges provided for mobile radio, which practically causes a short circuit of the antenna.
In a vehicle antenna known from DE 198 30 811 A1, such a small distance is also not possible because of the radar housing arranged on the inside of the bumper.
The known bumper antennas are therefore severely limited in their area of application. In addition, an additional splash-proof opening is required to introduce the connecting line into the interior of the body, thereby increasing the manufacturing and assembly costs.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Fahrzeugantenne der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die auf möglichst einfache und kostengünstige Weise nicht sichtbar angeordnet, unkompliziert anschließbar, vom Karosseriematerial unabhängig sowie in ihrem Aufbau nicht durch das sie aufnehmende Teil eingeschränkt ist, den Sichtbereich des Fahrers und den Fahrzeuginnenraum nicht verringert und dabei eine geringe Gefährdung gegen Crash-Beschädigungen aufweist, in ihrer Wirksamkeit unabhängig von der Entfernung des Strahlers von der Karosserie ist und keine besondere Karosseriedurchführung für eine Anschlussleitung benötigt.The invention is therefore based on the object of a vehicle antenna at the outset to create the type mentioned in the simplest and cheapest possible way not visible, easy to connect, independent of the body material as well as their structure is not restricted by the part receiving them is not reduced the driver's field of vision and the vehicle interior and has a low risk of crash damage, in its effectiveness is independent of the distance of the spotlight from the body and none special body bushing required for a connecting cable.
Diese Aufgabe ist durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst.
Dadurch, dass die Antenne und die Anschlussleitung keine Bestandteile des Anbauteils
sind, ist die Gefahr einer Beschädigung, zumindest bei leichteren Zusammenstössen
im Vergleich zu Stoßfängerantennen ganz wesentlich verringert. Dabei wirkt
das Anbauteil ohne Mehraufwand als Sichtabdeckung, so dass kein offensichtlicher
Hinweis auf das Vorhandensein einer Mobilfunkeinrichtung mit der damit verbundenen
Diebstahlsgefahr gegeben ist.
Vor allem aber ist durch die Trennung von Antenne und abdeckendem Anbauteil
ohne Mehrkosten erreicht, dass beide ohne Kompromisse entsprechend ihrer gewünschten
elektrischen und mechanischen Funktion optimal gestaltbar sind und keine
Nutzraumbeschränkungen bewirken.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of
Above all, however, the separation of the antenna and the covering add-on part means that both can be optimally designed without compromise according to their desired electrical and mechanical function and do not result in any restrictions on usable space.
Die Anordnung des Strahlers in einer Karosserieöffnung, bei der die leitende Karosserie
also nicht als Reflektor dient, macht die Antenne darüber hinaus völlig unabhängig
vom Abstand des Anbauteils vom Strahler. Die Antenne ist somit auch für
den Einsatz in modernen Fahrzeugen geeignet, bei denen dieser Abstand immer mehr
verringert ist.
Außerdem ist das Trägerteil ohne Aufwand so zu gestalten, dass darauf beliebige
Strahlerstrukturen angebracht werden können.
Nicht zuletzt ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung der Fahrzeugantenne keine
zusätzliche und speziell abzudichtende Karosserieöffnung zur Durchführung des Antennenanschlusskabels
erforderlich, vielmehr ist in kostensparender Weise eine rohbauseitige
Verkabelung ermöglicht. The arrangement of the radiator in a body opening, in which the conductive body therefore does not serve as a reflector, also makes the antenna completely independent of the distance of the attachment from the radiator. The antenna is therefore also suitable for use in modern vehicles in which this distance is increasingly reduced.
In addition, the support part can be designed without any effort so that any emitter structures can be attached to it.
Last but not least, in the arrangement of the vehicle antenna according to the invention, no additional and specially sealed body opening is required to pass the antenna connection cable; rather, cabling on the structural side is made possible in a cost-saving manner.
In den Unteransprüchen sind vorteilhafte Ausführungen bzw. Ausbildungen der
Fahrzeugantenne nach Anspruch 1 angegeben.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, als Anbauteil ein bereits für andere Zwecke vorhandenes
Element mitzubenutzen und damit zusätzliche Bauteile einzusparen. Die in den Ansprüchen
2 und 3 angeführten Alternativen weisen darüber hinaus den Vorteil auf,
dass sich Stoßfänger wie auch Rammschutzleisten über größere Bereiche erstrecken,
innerhalb derer die Karosserieöffnung angeordnet werden kann.Advantageous embodiments of the vehicle antenna according to
It is particularly advantageous to use an element already available for other purposes as an add-on part and thus to save additional components. The alternatives cited in
In Anspruch 4 ist eine vorteilhafte Ausführung der Antenne beschrieben. Durch das
Gegengewicht kann auf eine Verbindung zu einem zusätzlichen Bezugspotenzial wie
etwa demjenigen einer metallischen Karosserie verzichtet werden, wodurch der Aufwand
in Herstellung und Montage weiter verringert ist. Außerdem bewirkt die Ausbildung
als abgestimmtes Gegengewicht und die erfindungsgemäße Bemessung der
Karosserieöffnung eine Sperre für Mantelwellen auf der Speiseleitung.In
Bei Einbaustellen mit geringer Höhe, insbesondere auch hinter relativ schmalen
Rammschutzleisten, ist eine Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugantenne
gemäß Anspruch 5 als Schlitzantenne geeignet, weil dabei die Länge der Karosserieöffnung
zwar größer als λ/2 sein muss, aber ihre Höhe (Schlitzbreite) gering ist.For installation sites with a low height, especially behind relatively narrow ones
Crash protection strips, is an embodiment of the vehicle antenna according to the invention
Suitable as a slot antenna according to
Besonders effektiv ist eine Ausgestaltung der Fahrzeugantenne nach Anspruch 6,
unabhängig davon, ob sie als Monopol- oder als Schlitzantenne ausgebildet ist. Denn
der Reflektor bewirkt eine Abstrahlung nur nach außen, also in Sollrichtung, und dies
mit vergrößerter Leistung. Der Abstand des Reflektors vom Strahler kann dabei exakt
den hochfrequenztechnisch optimalen Wert aufweisen und ist nicht, wie bei der Stoßfängerantenne,
als die Strahlungseigenschaften verschlechternder Kompromiss zu
verkürzen.An embodiment of the vehicle antenna according to
Sofern ein Luftdurchtritt bzw. Druckausgleich wie bei der Ausführung nach Anspruch
17 erforderlich ist, stellt eine Ausbildung des Reflektors gemäß Anspruch 7
die optimale Lösung dar, die beiden Anforderungen gerecht wird und darüber hinaus
auch noch material- und gewichtsparend aufgebaut ist.If an air passage or pressure equalization as in the execution according to claim
17 is required, provides a design of the reflector according to
Mit einer Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 8 ist in vorteilhafter Weise das Diagramm
den Anforderungen des Einzelfalls in bestimmten Grenzen anpassbar. With an antenna arrangement according to
Beispielsweise kann die Richtwirkung in bestimmten Winkelbereichen verstärkt
werden. Es ist aber auch möglich, durch eine Anordnung der beiden Sonden gemäß
Anspruch 9 wenigstens näherungsweise ein Rundstrahldiagramm zu erzeugen, was
für den Empfang bzw. das Senden gerade in Fahrzeugen wegen der ständig wechselnden
Fahrtrichtungen in aller Regel erwünscht ist.For example, the directivity can be increased in certain angular ranges
become. However, it is also possible to arrange the two probes accordingly
Durch eine Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 10 ist mit minimalem Aufwand eine Dual-Band-Antenne
geschaffen, die beispielsweise für das D- und E-Netz ausgelegt sein
kann. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, den Frequenzbereich der Fahrzeugantenne
durch Einschalten weiterer Sperrglieder noch zu vergrößern.
Diese Sperrglieder sind einfach und zweckmäßig als LC-Glieder aufgebaut (Anspruch
11). Sie können jedoch auch als Leitungsschwingkreise ausgebildet sein.With a configuration according to
These locking elements are simple and expediently constructed as LC elements (claim 11). However, they can also be designed as line resonant circuits.
Ein in Herstellung und Montage besonders einfacher und kostengünstiger Aufbau der
Fahrzeugantenne ist in Anspruch 12 angegeben. Die Strahler- und Gegengewicht-Teile
können dabei sehr exakt ausgeführt werden. Außerdem gibt die Platine dem
Strahler trotz der dünnen Leiter Stabilität und ist darüber hinaus wesentlich günstiger
befestigbar als reine Antennendrähte.
Überdies sind die LC-Sperrglieder einfach und sowohl den mechanischen als auch
den elektrischen Anforderungen entsprechend in die Leiterbahnen einfügbar, in vorteilhafter
Weise etwa gemäß Anspruch 13 in SMD-Technik.
Schließlich wirkt das Dielektrikum der Platine auch elektrisch verkürzend, so dass
Strahler und Gegengewichte kleiner ausführbar sind.A particularly simple and inexpensive construction of the vehicle antenna in manufacture and assembly is specified in
In addition, the LC blocking elements are simple and can be inserted into the conductor tracks in accordance with both the mechanical and the electrical requirements, advantageously in accordance with
Finally, the dielectric of the circuit board also has an electrical shortening effect, so that the radiators and counterweights can be made smaller.
In den meisten Anwendungsfällen werden die Karosserieöffnungen nicht dicht verschlossen
oder durch Anbauteile abgedeckt sein. Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung
der Fahrzeugantenne nach Anspruch 14 ist daher vorgesehen, die gesamte Leiterplatine
mit Isoliermaterial spritzwasserdicht zu umhüllen. Dazu ist es besonders
einfach und zweckmäßig, dieses Bauteil zu umspritzen bzw. zu vergießen. Bei dieser
Ausführung ist es überdies möglich, praktisch jede Außenkontur zu schaffen und
damit das Bauteil der Form der Montagefläche optimal anzupassen. In most applications, the body openings are not sealed
or be covered by attachments. In an advantageous embodiment
the vehicle antenna according to
Die Vergussmasse erlaubt es darüber hinaus, dem ummantelten Bauteil eine definierte Elastizität zu geben bzw. seine Elastizität beizubehalten, was insbesondere dann von Vorteil ist, wenn derartige Bauteile an stark vibrierenden oder schwingenden Elementen wie z.B. Fahrzeugteilen befestigt werden.The potting compound also allows a defined component to be encased To give elasticity or to maintain its elasticity, especially then is advantageous if such components on strongly vibrating or vibrating Elements such as Vehicle parts are attached.
Dabei ist die Verwendung von thermoplastischem Heißschmelzkleber als Vergussmaterial
nach Anspruch 15 von besonderem Vorteil, weil es aufgrund seiner kurzen
Erstarrungszeit und der Möglichkeit den Spritzgussvorgang im Niederdruckbereich
durchzuführen, eine zeitsparende und kostengünstige Herstellung erlaubt.
Darüber hinaus ist aufgrund der Verklebung durch den Heißschmelzkleber eine absolute
Dichtheit und zugleich eine hohe Zugentlastung von aus der Ummantelung herausgeführten
Teilen wie beispielsweise Kabelmänteln erreicht. Der thermoplastische
Heißschmelzkleber geht bei Kabelmänteln aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff, z.B.
PVC oder PE, mit diesen zumindest an der Oberfläche eine chemische Verbindung
ein, die absolut dicht ist und eine hohe Zugentlastung gewährleistet.The use of thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive as a potting material according to
In addition, due to the gluing by the hot-melt adhesive, an absolute tightness and at the same time a high strain relief of parts led out of the sheathing, such as cable sheaths, is achieved. In the case of cable sheaths made of thermoplastic, such as PVC or PE, the thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive forms a chemical bond with them, at least on the surface, which is absolutely leak-proof and ensures high strain relief.
Vorteilhafterweise ist die Leiterplatine an einem für andere Zwecke bereits vorhandenen nichtleitenden Trägerteil befestigt (Anspruch 16). Dadurch ist nicht nur eine stabile Anordnung gewährleistet, sondern dieses Strahlerbauteil jederzeit am Fahrzeug nachrüstbar. Es kann selbstverständlich auch als Erstausstattung an bzw. in einem Kunststoff-Trägerteil integriert sein.Advantageously, the circuit board is on an existing one for other purposes non-conductive support member attached (claim 16). This is not just one ensures stable arrangement, but this spotlight component at any time on the vehicle retrofitted. It can of course also be used as initial equipment on or in one Plastic carrier part can be integrated.
Einen besonders geeigneten Montageort für die erfindungsgemäße Antenne stellen
die in den meisten PKW zum Druckausgleich beim schnellen Schließen der Fahrzeugtüren
an beiden Seiten des Kofferraums angeordneten Lüftungsöffnungen dar,
die von Kunststoffstoßfängem abgedeckt und hinter diesen nicht ohne weiteres sichtbar
sind (Anspruch 17).
In diesen Karosserieöffnungen sind in der Regel jalousieartige Lüftungsklappen angebracht,
die mit nach außen beweglichen Lappen versehen sind, welche sich auf
Druck vom Fahrzeuginneren nach außen öffnen und ansonsten an den Lüftungsklappen
anliegen, um das Eindringen von Wasser zu verhindern. A particularly suitable mounting location for the antenna according to the invention is provided in most cars for pressure equalization when the vehicle doors are quickly closed on both sides of the trunk, which are covered by plastic bumpers and are not easily visible behind them (claim 17).
In these body openings, louvre-type ventilation flaps are usually fitted, which are provided with lugs that can be moved outwards, which open outwards under pressure from the vehicle interior and otherwise rest against the ventilation flaps to prevent the ingress of water.
Dabei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, das den Monopol und ggf. die Gegengewichte aufweisende Bauteile gemäß Anspruch 18 an den Lüftungsklappen zu befestigen, wobei selbstverständlich die Beweglichkeit der Lappen nicht behindert werden darf.It is particularly advantageous that the monopoly and possibly the counterweights having components according to claim 18 to be attached to the ventilation flaps, whereby, of course, the mobility of the rags must not be hindered.
Eine besonders einfache und ausreichend stabile Befestigung ist in Anspruch 19 aufgeführt. Die Haltezapfen sind dabei kostengünstig gemäß den Ansprüchen 20 und 21 einstückig mit den Lüftungsklappen, etwa im Spritzgussverfahren hergestellt. Das den Strahler aufweisende Antennenteil ist dann zur Montage lediglich auf die zugehörige Lüftungsklappe aufzurasten.A particularly simple and sufficiently stable attachment is listed in claim 19. The holding pins are inexpensive according to claims 20 and 21 made in one piece with the ventilation flaps, for example by injection molding. The the antenna part having the radiator is then only for mounting on the associated one To snap on the ventilation flap.
Wenn im Einzelfall die Höhe der Abdeckung nicht groß genug ist, um den als Monopol ausgebildeten Strahler zu überdecken, so kann dessen Höhe in an sich bekannter Weise nach Anspruch 22 durch eine Dachkapazität verkürzt und den Gegebenheiten angepasst werden.If in individual cases the amount of coverage is not large enough to be considered a monopoly trained radiators to cover, so its height can be known Way according to claim 22 shortened by a roof capacity and the circumstances be adjusted.
Nachstehend wird die Erfindung anhand eines als an Lüftungsklappen angeordnete Mobilfunkantenne ausgebildeten Ausführungsbeispiels in den Figuren erläutert. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1 -
- eine perspektivische Ansicht des Strahlerteils der Fahrzeugantenne,
- Fig. 2 -
- eine perspektivische Ansicht der Lüftungsklappe mit daran angebrachtem Strahlerteil,
- Fig. 3 -
- eine Ansicht eines Haltezapfens und
- Fig. 4 -
- eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Fahrzeug-Heckabschnitts mit der in einem aufgebrochenen Teil des Stoßfängers sichtbaren Lüftungsklappenantenne.
- Fig. 1 -
- 2 shows a perspective view of the radiator part of the vehicle antenna,
- Fig. 2 -
- a perspective view of the ventilation flap with the radiator part attached,
- Fig. 3 -
- a view of a holding pin and
- Fig. 4 -
- a perspective view of a vehicle rear section with the ventilation flap antenna visible in a broken part of the bumper.
Die Fahrzeugantenne besteht aus zwei getrennten Strahlerteilen 1 mit jeweils einem
zum Fahrzeuginneren hin angeordneten nicht dargestellten gitterförmigen Reflektor.The vehicle antenna consists of two
Jedes Strahlerteil 1 besteht aus einem Monopol 2 und zwei an seinem Fußpunkt A
angeschlossenen, davon gegensinnig orthogonal abragenden angepassten Gegengewichten
3 sowie je einem in den Monopol 2 und die Gegengewichte 3 eingeschalteten
LC-Sperrglied 4.
Monopol 2 und Gegengewichte 3 sind als gedruckte Leiterbahnen auf einer einseitig
kaschierten T-förmigen Leiterplatine 5 angeordnet, in die die als SMD-Bauteile ausgebildeten
LC-Sperrglieder in Reihe eingeschaltet sind.
Die Gesamtlänge des Monopols 2 und der Gegengewichte 3 ist jeweils auf den D-Netz-Frequenzbereich
abgestimmt. Die LC-Sperrglieder 4 sind für den E-Netz-Frequenzbereich
ausgelegt und so angeordnet, dass ihr Abstand vom Fußpunkt A des
Monopols 2 etwa einem ¼ der mittleren Betriebswellenlänge in diesem Frequenzbereich
entspricht. Damit ist eine breitbandige Dual-Band-Antenne realisiert, die sowohl
im D- als auch im E-Netz-Frequenzbereich arbeitet.Each
The total length of the
Jedes Strahlerteil 1 ist an der nach außen weisenden Seite einer im Kunststoff-Spritzgussverfahren
hergestellten Lüftungsklappe 6 befestigt. Dazu weist diese
einstückige Haltezapfen 7 mit Rastnasen 8 auf, die bei montiertem Strahlerteil 1 Bohrungen
9 der Leiterplatine 5 durchdringen und rastend hintergreifen.Each
Die Lüfterklappen 6 weisen jeweils einen Rahmen 10 sowie vier schräge Gitterflächen
11 auf, denen je ein mit der oberen Längskante am Rahmen 10 befestigter, um
diese Kante beweglicher Lappen 12 zugeordnet ist, von denen in der Figur 2 nur einer
dargestellt ist.The fan flaps 6 each have a
Die Lüfterklappen 6 sind zu beiden Seiten des Kofferraums des Fahrzeugs 13 in Karosserieöffnungen
14 befestigt, die von den seitlichen Ausläufern des hinteren Stoßfängers
15 verdeckt angeordnet sind. Bei Überdruck im Fahrzeuginneren, der beispielsweise
beim schnellen Schließen einer Fahrzeugtür entsteht, wird dieser durch
aus den Lüfterklappen nach außen entweichende Luft abgebaut. Dabei werden die
Lappen 12 zunächst durch den Überdruck nach außen geschwenkt; nach dem Druckausgleich
liegen sie dann wieder dicht an den Gitterflächen 11 an und schützen den
Kofferraum so vor dem Eindringen von Spritzwasser. The fan flaps 6 are in body openings on both sides of the trunk of the
Die beiden Strahlerteile 1 (Sonden) sind (in der aus der DE 41 16 232 A1 bekannten Weise) über Zuführungsleitungen und einen Leitungskoppler zusammengeschaltet und über ein Anschlusskabel einem Sendeempfänger für die Mobilfunkbereiche des D- und E-Netzes zugeführt.The two radiator parts 1 (probes) are (in the known from DE 41 16 232 A1 Way) interconnected via feed lines and a line coupler and via a connection cable to a transceiver for the mobile radio areas of the D and E network supplied.
Claims (22)
- Vehicle antenna, especially for mobile radiocommunications, having at least one radiator (1) integrated in a body cavity (14) and one connecting cable, characterised in that the at least one radiator (1) is attached on a non-conductive bearing piece (6) which is disposed in the body cavity (14) and covered by a separate, opaque and non-conductive add-on piece (15).
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the add-on piece is a synthetic fender (15).
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the add-on piece is a ramming protection strip.
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the at least one radiator (1) is formed as a monopole (2) having a resonant counterpoise (3) and the body cavity (14) is formed as a rectangle whose dimension in the radiator direction measures > 1/6 of the average signal wave length (λ) and in the orthogonal direction thereto measures > λ/3.
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the radiator and body cavity are formed as a slot antenna.
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that a reflector is provided which is disposed towards the vehicle interior with respect to the radiator (1).
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in Claim 6, characterised in that the reflector is constructed in a grid-like manner.
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that two interconnected radiators (1) are provided.
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in Claim 8, characterised in that the radiators (1) are disposed on the two longitudinal sides of the vehicle body (13).
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in Claim 4, characterised in that the length of the monopole (2) and, when provided, the counterpoise (3) is calculated for a lower frequency range and in that a cut-off element (4) for an upper frequency range is always inserted in the monopole (2) and, when provided, in the counterpoise (3) in such a manner that their length between the cut-off element (4) and the antenna terminal (A) is correlated with the upper frequency range.
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in Claim 10, characterised in that the cut-off elements (4) are LC-sections.
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in Claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the monopole (2) and - when provided - the counterpoise (3) are disposed as printed strip conductors on a conductive board (5).
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in Claim 12 having cut-off elements, characterised in that the cut-off elements (4) are formed as SMD components and are inserted in the strip conductors.
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in Claims 12 and 13, characterised in that the conductive board (5), when provided with cut-off elements (4) disposed thereon, is surrounded by isolating material which is in particular cast thereon.
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in Claim 14, characterised in that the casting material is a hot-melt adhesive.
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in any one of Claims 12 to 15, characterised in that the conductive board (5) is fixed onto a bearing piece (6) of isolating material.
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the at least one radiator (1) is disposed in a venting aperture (14) of the vehicle body (13).
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in Claim 17, characterised in that the at least one radiator (1) is fixed on a ventilating flap (6) of the vehicle.
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in Claim 18, characterised in that in order to fix the radiator (1) on the ventilating flap (6), holding pegs (7) having resilient latching projections (8) are provided which, during the mounting of the radiator (1), push through recesses (9) of said radiator and engage behind it in a locking manner.
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in Claim 19, characterised in that the holding pegs (7) are formed as a single piece with the bearing piece, preferably with the ventilating flaps (6).
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in Claim 20, characterised in that the bearing piece (6) and the holding pegs (7) are an injection moulding piece.
- Vehicle antenna as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4 and 6 to 20, characterised in that the radiator (1) comprises a top load.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19962736A DE19962736C2 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 1999-12-23 | Vehicle antenna |
| DE19962736 | 1999-12-23 | ||
| PCT/EP2000/010383 WO2001048865A1 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2000-11-20 | Vehicle antenna |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1240685A1 EP1240685A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 |
| EP1240685B1 true EP1240685B1 (en) | 2003-07-23 |
Family
ID=7934316
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20000977423 Expired - Lifetime EP1240685B1 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2000-11-20 | Vehicle antenna |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6686888B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1240685B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3629466B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE245856T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2395506A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19962736C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001048865A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005042688A1 (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2007-03-15 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Covering part for a motor vehicle |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1279531A3 (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2003-11-05 | TRW Automotive Electronics & Components GmbH & Co. KG | Air outlet |
| DE60304538T2 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2007-04-05 | Trw Automotive Electronics & Components Gmbh & Co. Kg | Ventilation nozzle with integrated electronic component |
| EP1471603A3 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2005-01-05 | Hirschmann Electronics GmbH & Co. KG | Antenna in a ventilation grille of a vehicle |
| DE102004036453A1 (en) * | 2004-07-27 | 2006-03-23 | Hirschmann Electronics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Antenna for use in communication (transmission and / or reception) in a vehicle, in particular in a passenger car |
| US7339482B2 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2008-03-04 | The Boeing Company | Shipping container air-vent cover antenna housing |
| DE102006006922A1 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-05-03 | Hirschmann Car Communication Gmbh | Aerial system for use on an automobile is in the form of a thin sheet of material printed with a conductive track |
| US7425925B2 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2008-09-16 | Nissan Technical Center North America, Inc. | Vehicle security system |
| US7234741B1 (en) | 2006-03-07 | 2007-06-26 | Nissan Technical Center North America, Inc. | Vehicle bumper assembly |
| US8508419B2 (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2013-08-13 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Multiple antenna element system and method |
| DE102012109565A1 (en) | 2011-10-09 | 2013-04-18 | Beijing Lenovo Software Ltd. | Terminal equipment |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE7127020U (en) * | 1971-07-14 | 1972-02-03 | Steinberg H | ANTENNA FOR MOTOR VEHICLES |
| DE8913811U1 (en) * | 1989-11-10 | 1990-01-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart, De | |
| DE4000381A1 (en) * | 1990-01-09 | 1991-07-11 | Opel Adam Ag | Slot antenna for car - uses integrated slot in bodywork sealed with plastics material |
| DE4003385C2 (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1996-03-28 | Hirschmann Richard Gmbh Co | Antenna arrangement |
| DE4116232A1 (en) * | 1991-05-17 | 1992-11-19 | Hirschmann Richard Gmbh Co | ANTENNA ARRANGEMENT |
| DE4403643C2 (en) * | 1994-02-05 | 2003-04-10 | Fuba Automotive Gmbh | Antenna arrangement in motor vehicles |
| DE4443596B4 (en) * | 1994-12-07 | 2004-12-16 | Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lindenmeier | Radio antenna on the window pane of a motor vehicle |
| CA2211698A1 (en) * | 1995-02-06 | 1996-08-15 | Megawave Corporation | Window glass antenna |
| FR2742584B1 (en) * | 1995-12-13 | 1998-02-06 | Peugeot | ARRANGEMENT OF A RADIO ANTENNA IN A MOTOR VEHICLE |
| SE509820C2 (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1999-03-08 | Volvo Ab | Elastic resilient antenna element |
| DE19629115C2 (en) | 1996-07-19 | 1999-08-19 | Draebing Kg Wegu | Process for the production of a forced ventilation for motor vehicles and a forced ventilation for motor vehicles |
| US6011518A (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 2000-01-04 | Harness System Technologies Research, Ltd. | Vehicle antenna |
| US5959581A (en) * | 1997-08-28 | 1999-09-28 | General Motors Corporation | Vehicle antenna system |
| AU9808498A (en) | 1997-10-17 | 1999-05-10 | Rangestar International Corporation | Directional antenna assembly for vehicular use |
| JP3419675B2 (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 2003-06-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | In-vehicle radio radar equipment |
| DE29818430U1 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 1999-05-12 | Karmann Gmbh W | Antenna unit |
| US6097345A (en) * | 1998-11-03 | 2000-08-01 | The Ohio State University | Dual band antenna for vehicles |
-
1999
- 1999-12-23 DE DE19962736A patent/DE19962736C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-11-20 CA CA002395506A patent/CA2395506A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-11-20 EP EP20000977423 patent/EP1240685B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-20 AT AT00977423T patent/ATE245856T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-20 JP JP2001548478A patent/JP3629466B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-20 US US10/088,557 patent/US6686888B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-20 WO PCT/EP2000/010383 patent/WO2001048865A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-11-20 DE DE50003040T patent/DE50003040D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005042688A1 (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2007-03-15 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Covering part for a motor vehicle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6686888B1 (en) | 2004-02-03 |
| DE19962736A1 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
| ATE245856T1 (en) | 2003-08-15 |
| CA2395506A1 (en) | 2001-07-05 |
| JP3629466B2 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
| DE19962736C2 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
| WO2001048865A1 (en) | 2001-07-05 |
| JP2003518860A (en) | 2003-06-10 |
| DE50003040D1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
| EP1240685A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 |
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