EP1239541B1 - Lightning protection printed circuit and method for its manufacture - Google Patents
Lightning protection printed circuit and method for its manufacture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1239541B1 EP1239541B1 EP02290588.9A EP02290588A EP1239541B1 EP 1239541 B1 EP1239541 B1 EP 1239541B1 EP 02290588 A EP02290588 A EP 02290588A EP 1239541 B1 EP1239541 B1 EP 1239541B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- lightning protection
- line
- etched
- protection according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
- H01P1/203—Strip line filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/212—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters suppressing or attenuating harmonic frequencies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
Definitions
- the invention relates to the lightning protection of transmitters in a transmission system.
- the lightning protection function requires a high-pass filter because it is a low-frequency signal.
- the figure 1 shows an anti-lightning system in localized elements. It comprises two inductors 11 and 12 each connected to the ground. The first self 11 is connected directly to the transmitting antenna. It helps to attenuate the low frequencies. A capacitor 13 is placed between these two inductors 11 and 12. The capacitor 13 makes it possible to filter the high frequencies. The second self 12 is optional. It improves the attenuation presented.
- Such anti-lightning circuits are made of linear and discrete components. However, they are very bulky and require a more complicated realization.
- the present invention makes it possible to obtain an etched circuit comprising such a lightning protection function thus reducing the bulk, of easier and less expensive realization (due, among other things, to the fact that there is no components).
- the invention relates to an etched circuit as defined in claim 1 with lightning protection comprising at least one main line connected to a connector adapted for the output of the transmitting antenna of a fixed frequency transmission system f 0 or in a narrow frequency band ⁇ f 0 comprising a capacitor and characterized in that it comprises at least a first line of a length I 1 of constant width or not, connected to said connector and terminated by a short circuit forming an open circuit brought back to the main line.
- the circuit proposed by the invention also makes it possible to filter the second harmonic.
- Another subject of the invention is the method of manufacturing an etched circuit with lightning protection according to one of claims 1 to 5. comprising etching the lines and the capacitor of said circuit etched on the basis of said circuit, depositing a film of conductive material and, where appropriate, scraping the excess conductive material so as to retain only the conductive material which was deposited in the engraving.
- the invention further proposes the application of the etched circuit with lightning protection according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5 to the filtering of the second harmonic 2f 0 and the third harmonic 3f 0 .
- the inductances 11 and 12 are replaced by conductive lines 21 and 22 etched over a length of a quarter of a wavelength at the frequency f 0 used.
- Lines 21 and 22 are each terminated by a short circuit.
- the main line comprises a capacitor 23 placed between these two lines 21 and 22.
- the first line 21 thus makes it possible to filter the low frequencies of the lightning signal and to reject the second harmonic.
- the second line 22 is optional. It improves the attenuation presented.
- the lightning protection and harmonic filtering functions were performed separately by two circuits.
- the harmonic filtering function was performed either by a circuit in localized elements such as that represented on the figure 3 or an engraved circuit such as that of the figure 4 .
- Harmonic filtering is low-pass filtering.
- the circuits of the Figures 3 and 4 allow the rejection of the second harmonic 2f 0 and the third harmonic 3f 0 .
- the diagram in localized elements of the figure 3 comprises 3 capacitors 31, 33 and 35 in parallel connected to the ground at one of their ends and 2 inductors 32 and 34, an inductance between each of the two capacitors. Inductances may optionally be placed in series with the capacitors 31, 33, 35. They are located between the capacitors and the circuit formed by the two inductors 32 and 34 as indicated on the figure 3
- the most commonly used circuits are localized element circuits of Figures 1 and 3 are bulky.
- Distributed constant circuits also take up a lot of space because the capacitors represent engraved rectangles of the order of 1 cm 2 on a substrate of high dielectric permittivity (for example of the order of 10) and the quarter-wave lines represent lengths of 2 to 3 cm. These dimensions are given by way of example for frequencies of the order of GHz. These dimensions are not negligible, especially in embedded applications.
- both the lightning protection function and the harmonic filtering function should be the first found after the antenna connector. This is the obvious placement for lightning protection that must protect the entire transmission circuit.
- the harmonic filtering must also be as downstream as possible from the emission because there is a risk of creating harmonics, in particular harmonics 2f 0 and 3f 0 , by the antenna switching circuits or by coupling.
- the lightning protection circuit according to the invention presented on the figure 2 already allowed the filtering of the second harmonic 2f 0 using a single circuit to overcome these disadvantages.
- the second line in the lightning protection scheme of the figure 2 gives the possibility to reject also the third harmonic.
- the lengths will then be optimized and an adaptation topology will then be simulated to guarantee optimum rejection at both harmonics as well as low loss at the fundamental frequency f 0 .
- This optimization can be obtained using engraved circuit simulation tool such as the ADS of AGILENT technology for example.
- the circuit optimized for the protection against lightning and the filtering of the second and third harmonics comprises two lines 51 and 52 of respective lengths I 1 and I 2 determined during the simulation ended by a short circuit to ground.
- These lines 51 and 52 include open reactance arm (or stub in Anglo-Saxon) 54 and 55.
- the first line is connected to the output connector of the antenna.
- a capacitor 53 carries out the high pass filtering of the lightning protection. It is placed between the two lines on the main line.
- the figure 6 shows the first measures of harmonic filtering on Figures 6a and 6b They represent the amplitude in dB of the signal at the output of a lightning protection circuit according to the invention as a function of its frequency.
- the injected lightning wave is 1000V. It is attenuated around 50 V.
- the Figures 6a corresponds to the first measurements with a circuit of the type of that of the figure 5 . It shows an attenuation of the output signal of at least 30 dB at the two frequencies 2f 0 and 3f 0 .
- the figure 6b corresponds to the measurements obtained after optimization of this circuit.
- the optimization makes it possible to obtain signal attenuation values at the output of the optimized circuit of 40 dB for 2f 0 and 50 dB for 3f 0 .
- circuits for protection against lightning allow the filtering of the second harmonic 2f 0 and the third harmonic 3f 0 .
- these circuits may have a common function of lightning protection and filtering of one or more harmonics nf 0 (n integer ⁇ 3).
- the circuit of the figure 5 is an embodiment of a circuit comprising a common lightning protection and harmonic filtering function. More generally, it can be envisaged to optimize this circuit with the same simulation tools for the rejection of the first n harmonic (n integer ⁇ 3).
- the circuit may comprise one or more lines terminated by a short circuit of lengths to be determined identical or different, of widths to be determined constant or not and identical or different, with or without one or more reactance arms (or stub in Anglo-Saxon) whose size is to be determined.
- the advantage of such a circuit is the surface gain because the two functions of protection against lightning and harmonic filtering is achieved in a single circuit. In addition, it does not require a large etching surface such as the harmonic filtering circuit of the figure 4 . Indeed, it uses only lines that can be "rolled up" or folded. Another advantage of this type of circuit is the possibility of optimizing its performances and its reproducibility. Indeed, it allows a unique and controlled adaptation. And, both functions are the first function seen from the antenna.
- the manufacture of an engraved circuit with protection against lightning as, for example, those illustrated by the Figures 2 and 5 comprises etching the lines and the capacitor of said circuit etched on the basis of said circuit, depositing a film of conductive material and, where appropriate, scraping the excess conductive material so as to retain only the conductive material which was deposited in the engraving.
- This device can be applied to any domain requiring one and / or the other of the two functions.
- transmitters in all communication broadcast or identification systems such as IFF, TACAN, DME can use such a circuit.
- IFF IFF
- TACAN TACAN
- DME DME
Description
L'invention concerne la protection contre la foudre des émetteurs dans un système de transmission.The invention relates to the lightning protection of transmitters in a transmission system.
La fonction de protection contre la foudre nécessite un filtre passe-haut car c'est un signal basse fréquences. La
De tels circuits anti-foudre sont réalisés en composants linéaires et discrets. Cependant, ils sont très encombrants et nécessitent une réalisation plus compliquée.Such anti-lightning circuits are made of linear and discrete components. However, they are very bulky and require a more complicated realization.
La présente invention permet d'obtenir un circuit gravé comportant une telle fonction de protection contre la foudre réduisant ainsi l'encombrement, de réalisation plus facile et moins chère (en raison, entre autre, du fait qu'il n'y a pas de composants).The present invention makes it possible to obtain an etched circuit comprising such a lightning protection function thus reducing the bulk, of easier and less expensive realization (due, among other things, to the fact that there is no components).
L'invention a pour objet un circuit gravé comme définit dans la revendication 1 avec protection contre la foudre comportant au moins une ligne principale reliée à un connecteur adapté pour la sortie de l'antenne d'émission d'un système de transmission à fréquence fixe f0 ou dans une bande de fréquence étroite Δf0 comportant un condensateur et caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une première ligne d'une longueur I1 de largeur constante ou non, reliée audit connecteur et terminée par un court-circuit formant un circuit ouvert ramené sur la ligne principale.The invention relates to an etched circuit as defined in claim 1 with lightning protection comprising at least one main line connected to a connector adapted for the output of the transmitting antenna of a fixed frequency transmission system f 0 or in a narrow frequency band Δf 0 comprising a capacitor and characterized in that it comprises at least a first line of a length I 1 of constant width or not, connected to said connector and terminated by a short circuit forming an open circuit brought back to the main line.
Le circuit proposé par l'invention permet de réaliser en outre le filtrage de la seconde harmonique.The circuit proposed by the invention also makes it possible to filter the second harmonic.
Un autre objet de l'invention est le procédé de fabrication d'un circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 comportant la gravure des lignes et du condensateur dudit circuit gravé sur la base dudit circuit, le dépôt d'une pellicule de matériau conducteur et, le cas échéant, le raclage de l'excès de matériau conducteur afin de ne conserver que le matériau conducteur qui s'est déposé dans la gravure.Another subject of the invention is the method of manufacturing an etched circuit with lightning protection according to one of claims 1 to 5. comprising etching the lines and the capacitor of said circuit etched on the basis of said circuit, depositing a film of conductive material and, where appropriate, scraping the excess conductive material so as to retain only the conductive material which was deposited in the engraving.
L'invention propose en outre l'application du circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre selon l'une des revendications précédentes 1 à 5 au filtrage de la deuxième harmonique 2f0 et de la troisième harmonique 3f0.The invention further proposes the application of the etched circuit with lightning protection according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5 to the filtering of the second harmonic 2f 0 and the third harmonic 3f 0 .
Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description, faite à titre d'exemple, et des figures s'y rapportant qui représentent :
-
Figure 1 , un circuit de protection contre la foudre en éléments localisés selon l'état de l'art, -
Figure 2 , la fonction de protection contre la foudre sur un circuit gravé selon l'invention, -
Figure 3 , un circuit de filtrage d'harmoniques en éléments localisés selon l'état de l'art, -
Figure 4 , la fonction de filtrage des harmoniques sur un circuit gravé selon l'état de l'art, -
Figure 5 , la fonction commune de protection contre la foudre et de filtrage des harmoniques 2f0 et 3f0 selon l'invention, -
Figure 6a et 6b , courbe représentant le filtrage des harmoniques grâce au filtre de lafigure 5 , lafigure 6b correspondant au filtre optimisé.
-
Figure 1 , a lightning protection circuit in localized elements according to the state of the art, -
Figure 2 , the lightning protection function on an etched circuit according to the invention, -
Figure 3 , a harmonic filtering circuit in localized elements according to the state of the art, -
Figure 4 , the harmonic filtering function on an etched circuit according to the state of the art, -
Figure 5 , the common lightning protection and harmonic filtering function 2f 0 and 3f 0 according to the invention, -
Figure 6a and 6b , curve representing the filtering of the harmonics thanks to the filter of thefigure 5 , thefigure 6b corresponding to the optimized filter.
Si le circuit de protection contre la foudre en éléments localisés est traduit en constantes réparties comme illustré par la
Prenons l'exemple d'un tel circuit avec des inductances de 22nH et un condensateur de 47pF: pour 1000V injectés dans ce circuit, il ne reste que 50 V en sortie.Take the example of such a circuit with inductances of 22nH and a capacitor of 47pF: for 1000V injected into this circuit, there remains only 50 V output.
Sachant qu'une ligne quart d'onde à la fréquence utilisée f0 court-circuitée à une extrémité ramène à son autre extrémité un circuit ouvert pour cette même fréquence, les deux lignes 21 et 22 ramènent à la fréquence f0 un circuit ouvert sur la ligne principaleKnowing that a quarter-wave line at the frequency used f 0 short-circuited at one end brings back at its other end an open circuit for this same frequency, the two
A la deuxième harmonique 2f0, cette même ligne ramène donc un court-circuit. La protection contre la foudre sur circuit gravé dans le schéma proposé à la
La première ligne 21 permet donc de filtrer les basses fréquences du signal de foudre et de réjecter la deuxième harmonique.The
La deuxième ligne 22 est facultative. Elle permet d'améliorer l'atténuation présentée.The second line 22 is optional. It improves the attenuation presented.
Jusqu'ici, les fonctions de protection contre la foudre et de filtrage des harmoniques étaient réalisées séparément par deux circuits. Le circuit en éléments localisés de la
Le filtrage des harmoniques est un filtrage de type passe-bas. Les circuits des
Le schéma en éléments localisés de la
Traduit en constantes réparties, on obtient le schéma de la
La séparation des deux fonctions de protection contre la foudre et de filtrage des harmoniques pose divers problèmes.The separation of the two lightning protection and harmonic filtering functions poses various problems.
Tout d'abord, les circuits les plus couramment utilisés sont les circuits à éléments localisés des
Ensuite, la mise en série de ces deux fonctions sur un circuit gravé peuvent induire des dégradations de performances par désadaptation mutuelle des deux circuits par rapport aux résultats escomptés des deux fonctions séparées.Then, putting these two functions in series on an etched circuit can induce performance degradations by mutually mismatching the two circuits with respect to the expected results of the two separate functions.
De plus, le placement optimum de ces deux fonctions est impossible. En effet, aussi bien la fonction de protection contre la foudre que celle de filtrages des harmoniques devrait être la première trouvée après le connecteur d'antenne. Il s'agit du placement évident pour la protection contre la foudre qui doit protéger l'ensemble du circuit d'émission. Mais, le filtrage des harmoniques doit lui aussi être le plus en aval possible de l'émission car il existe un risque de création d'harmoniques, en particulier des harmoniques 2f0 et 3f0, par les circuits de commutation d'antenne ou par couplage.Moreover, the optimum placement of these two functions is impossible. Indeed, both the lightning protection function and the harmonic filtering function should be the first found after the antenna connector. This is the obvious placement for lightning protection that must protect the entire transmission circuit. However, the harmonic filtering must also be as downstream as possible from the emission because there is a risk of creating harmonics, in particular harmonics 2f 0 and 3f 0 , by the antenna switching circuits or by coupling.
Le circuit de protection contre la foudre selon l'invention présenté sur la
Sur la
La
La
La
Donc, de tels circuits de protection contre la foudre, notamment celui illustré par la
Le circuit de la
L'avantage d'un tel circuit est donc le gain de surface car les deux fonctions de protection contre la foudre et de filtrage des harmoniques est réalisé en un seul circuit. De plus, il ne nécessite pas de grande surface de gravure comme le circuit de filtrage des harmoniques de la
Ce dispositif peut s'appliquer à tout domaine nécessitant l'une et/ou l'autre des deux fonctions. En particulier les émetteurs dans tous systèmes de communication, de diffusion ou d'identification tel que IFF, TACAN, DME peuvent utiliser un tel circuit. Lorsqu'il s'agit d'émission non plus sur une fréquence fixe mais dans une bande de fréquence, il faudra vérifier les performances accessibles dans cette bande.This device can be applied to any domain requiring one and / or the other of the two functions. In particular transmitters in all communication, broadcast or identification systems such as IFF, TACAN, DME can use such a circuit. In the case of transmissions no longer on a fixed frequency but in a frequency band, it will be necessary to check the performances accessible in this band.
Claims (8)
- An etched circuit with lightning protection, comprising at least one main line connected to a connector adapted to the output of the transmission antenna of a system for transmitting at a fixed frequency f0 or in a narrow frequency band Δf0, comprising a capacitor (23, 53), and characterised in that it comprises at least one first line (21, 51) of length 11 and of constant or non-constant width, connected to said connector and terminated by a short-circuit forming an open circuit taken back to said main line for the frequency f0, and a second line (22, 52) of length 12 and of constant or non-constant width, connected to the output of said capacitor (23, 53) and terminated by a short-circuit forming an open circuit taken back to said main line, with the widths of said first and second lines (21, 51 and 22, 52) being different.
- The etched circuit with lightning protection according to claim 1, characterised in that said first line (51) comprises at least one first open reactance stub (54).
- The etched circuit with lightning protection according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said second line comprises at least one second open reactance stub (55).
- The etched circuit with lightning protection according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the length 11 of the first line (21, 51) and/or the length 12 of the second line (22, 52) is a quarter of the wavelength of the frequency f0 used.
- The etched circuit with lightning protection according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the width and/or the length of the first line (21, 51) and/or of said second line (22, 52) and/or of the first reactance stub (54) and/or of said second reactance stub (55) are determined as a function of the one or more harmonics nf0 (with n being an integer that is ≥ 2) to be filtered.
- A method for manufacturing an etched circuit with lightning protection according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the etching of said lines (21, 51, 22, 52, 54, 55) and of the capacitor (23, 53) of said etched circuit on the base of said circuit, the depositing of a film of conducting material and, where necessary, the scraping off of excess conducting material so as to only retain the conducting material that has been deposited in the etched portion.
- The application of the etched circuit with lightning protection according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to the filtering of the second harmonic 2f0 and of the third harmonic 3f0.
- The application of the method for manufacturing an etched circuit with lightning protection according to claim 6 to the manufacture of an etched circuit with a common function of lightning protection and of filtering one or more harmonics nf0 (with n being an integer that is ≥ 3).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0103254A FR2821993B1 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2001-03-09 | LIGHTNING LIGHTNING PROTECTION CIRCUIT |
FR0103254 | 2001-03-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1239541A1 EP1239541A1 (en) | 2002-09-11 |
EP1239541B1 true EP1239541B1 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
Family
ID=8860945
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02290588.9A Expired - Lifetime EP1239541B1 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2002-03-08 | Lightning protection printed circuit and method for its manufacture |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6977802B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1239541B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2821993B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITMI20020274A1 (en) * | 2002-02-13 | 2003-08-13 | Siemens Inf & Comm Networks | PROTECTION DEVICE FOR RADIOFREQUENCY COMMUNICATION LINES FROM LIGHTNING INDUCTED VOLTAGES |
US20030232600A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-12-18 | Montgomery James P. | Passive intermodulation interference control circuits |
US7372373B2 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2008-05-13 | Itron, Inc. | Embedded antenna and filter apparatus and methodology |
US20060082946A1 (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2006-04-20 | Rain Bird Corporation | Power surge protection in an irrigation controller |
WO2007029853A1 (en) * | 2005-09-05 | 2007-03-15 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Bandpass filter and resonator |
JP5038740B2 (en) | 2007-02-23 | 2012-10-03 | パナソニック株式会社 | Band pass filter and manufacturing method thereof |
KR101478870B1 (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2015-01-02 | 파나소닉 오토모티브 시스템즈 컴퍼니 오브 어메리카, 디비젼 오브 파나소닉 코포레이션 오브 노쓰 어메리카 | Electrostatic discharge (esd) protection circuit and method |
CN104577271A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-04-29 | 芯迪半导体科技(上海)有限公司 | Surge protection circuit |
JP7005113B2 (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2022-01-21 | 日本アンテナ株式会社 | Coaxial lightning arrester |
WO2021160246A1 (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2021-08-19 | Advantest Corporation | Electrical filter structure |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4985800A (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1991-01-15 | Feldman Nathan W | Lighting protection apparatus for RF equipment and the like |
CA2029291A1 (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 1992-05-06 | Wilfred Frey | Communication line filter |
FR2721765B1 (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-07-26 | Alcatel Cable | Protection device against high transient disturbances. |
JPH09294261A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-11 | Sharp Corp | Dbs tuner for satellite broadcast receiver |
US5844766A (en) * | 1997-09-09 | 1998-12-01 | Forem S.R.L. | Lightning supression system for tower mounted antenna systems |
US6243247B1 (en) * | 1998-09-22 | 2001-06-05 | Polyphaser Corporation | Stripline transient protection device |
EP1037308A1 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2000-09-20 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Electric filter for filtering low frequencies |
-
2001
- 2001-03-09 FR FR0103254A patent/FR2821993B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-03-08 US US10/092,631 patent/US6977802B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-08 EP EP02290588.9A patent/EP1239541B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2821993A1 (en) | 2002-09-13 |
US6977802B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 |
US20020180382A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
FR2821993B1 (en) | 2003-06-20 |
EP1239541A1 (en) | 2002-09-11 |
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