EP1239541A1 - Lightning protection printed circuit and method for its manufacture - Google Patents

Lightning protection printed circuit and method for its manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1239541A1
EP1239541A1 EP02290588A EP02290588A EP1239541A1 EP 1239541 A1 EP1239541 A1 EP 1239541A1 EP 02290588 A EP02290588 A EP 02290588A EP 02290588 A EP02290588 A EP 02290588A EP 1239541 A1 EP1239541 A1 EP 1239541A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
circuit
lightning protection
line
protection according
etched
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EP02290588A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1239541B1 (en
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Jean-Paul Thales Intellectual Prop. Chatenet
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
    • H01P1/203—Strip line filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/212—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters suppressing or attenuating harmonic frequencies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to lightning protection of transmitters in a transmission system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system lightning protection in localized elements. It has two inductors 11 and 12 each connected to ground. The first self 11 is directly connected to the transmitting antenna. It helps attenuate the low frequencies. A capacitor 13 is placed between these two inductors 11 and 12. The capacitor 13 filters the high frequencies. The second self 12 is optional. It improves the attenuation presented.
  • Such lightning protection circuits are made of linear components and discreet. However, they are very bulky and require completion more complicated.
  • the present invention makes it possible to obtain an etched circuit comprising such a lightning protection function thereby reducing size, easier and cheaper to make (due to other, because there are no components).
  • the subject of the invention is an etched circuit with lightning protection comprising at least one main line connected to a connector suitable for the output of the transmitting antenna of a fixed frequency transmission system f 0 or in a band of narrow frequency ⁇ f 0 comprising a capacitor and characterized in that it comprises at least a first line of length I 1 of width constant or not, connected to said connector and terminated by a short-circuit forming an open circuit brought to the main line.
  • the circuit proposed by the invention also allows filtering to be carried out. of the second harmonic.
  • Another object of the invention is the method of manufacturing a circuit engraved with lightning protection according to one of claims 1 to 7 comprising the etching of the lines and of the capacitor of said circuit etched on the base of said circuit, the deposition of a film of conductive material and, if necessary scraping off the excess conductive material in order to prevent as the conductive material that has deposited in the etching.
  • the invention further proposes the application of the etched circuit with lightning protection according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7 to the filtering of the second harmonic 2f 0 and of the third harmonic 3f 0 .
  • the inductors 11 and 12 are replaced by conductive lines 21 and 22 engraved over a length of a quarter wavelength at the frequency f 0 used. Lines 21 and 22 are each terminated by a short circuit.
  • the main line includes a capacitor 23 placed between these two lines 21 and 22.
  • the first line 21 therefore makes it possible to filter the low frequencies of the lightning signal and reject the second harmonic.
  • the second line 22 is optional. It improves the mitigation presented.
  • the harmonics filtering is a low pass type filtering.
  • the circuits of FIGS. 3 and 4 allow the rejection of the second harmonic 2f 0 and of the third harmonic 3f 0 .
  • the diagram in localized elements of figure 3 comprises 3 capacitors 31, 33 and 35 in parallel connected to earth in one of their ends and 2 inductors 32 and 34, an inductor between each of the two capacitors. Inductors can optionally be placed in series with capacitors 31, 33, 35. They are located between the capacitors and the circuit formed by the two inductors 32 and 34 as shown in figure 3
  • the circuits most commonly used are the circuits with localized elements of FIGS. 1 and 3 are bulky.
  • Distributed constant circuits also take up a lot of space because the capacitors represent rectangles etched on the order of 1 cm 2 on a substrate with high dielectric permittivity (for example on the order of 10) and the quarter wave lines represent lengths of 2 to 3 cm. These dimensions are given by way of example for frequencies of the order of GHz. These dimensions are not negligible, in particular in embedded applications.
  • both the lightning protection function and the harmonics filtering function should be the first to be found after the antenna connector. This is the obvious placement for lightning protection which should protect the entire transmitting circuit.
  • the filtering of the harmonics must also be as far downstream as possible from the transmission since there is a risk of creating harmonics, in particular harmonics 2f 0 and 3f 0 , by the antenna switching circuits or by coupling.
  • the lightning protection circuit according to the invention presented in FIG. 2 already allowed the filtering of the second harmonic 2f 0 by using a single circuit making it possible to overcome these drawbacks.
  • the second line in the lightning protection diagram in Figure 2 gives the possibility of also rejecting the third harmonic.
  • the lengths will then be optimized and an adaptation topology will then be simulated to guarantee optimum rejection at the two harmonics as well as low loss at the fundamental frequency f 0 .
  • This optimization can be obtained using a tool for simulating etched circuits such as ADS from AGILENT technology for example.
  • the circuit optimized for lightning protection and filtering of the second and third harmonics comprises two lines 51 and 52 of respective length I 1 and I 2 determined during the simulation ended by a short circuit to ground .
  • These lines 51 and 52 include open reactance arms (or stub) 54 and 55.
  • the first line is connected to the antenna output connector.
  • a capacitor 53 performs the high-pass filtering of the lightning protection. It is placed between the two lines on the main line.
  • Figure 6 shows the first measures of the harmonics filtering in FIGS. 6a and 6b, they represent the amplitude in dB of the signal in output of a lightning protection circuit according to the invention in function of its frequency.
  • the injected lightning wave is 1000V. It is attenuated around 50 V.
  • FIGS. 6a correspond to the first measurements with a circuit of the type of that of FIG. 5. It shows an attenuation of the signal at output at least 30 dB at the two frequencies 2f 0 and 3f 0 .
  • FIG. 6b corresponds to the measurements obtained after optimization of this circuit. Optimization makes it possible to obtain attenuation values of the signal at the output of the optimized circuit of 40 dB for 2f 0 and 50 dB for 3f 0 .
  • such lightning protection circuits allow the filtering of the second harmonic 2f 0 and of the third harmonic 3f 0 .
  • these circuits can have a common lightning protection function and filtering of one or more harmonics nf 0 (n integer ⁇ 3).
  • the circuit of FIG. 5 is an example of embodiment of a circuit having a common function of lightning protection and harmonics filtering. More generally, it can be envisaged optimize this circuit with the same simulation tools for rejection of the first n harmonics (n integer ⁇ 3).
  • the circuit can have one or more lines terminated by a short circuit identical or different lengths to be determined, widths to be determined constant or not and identical or different, with or without one or several reactance arms (or stub in Anglo-Saxon) whose size is determine.
  • the advantage of such a circuit is therefore the gain in area because the two lightning protection and harmonic filtering functions is realized in a single circuit. In addition, it does not require a large area of etching like the harmonics filtering circuit in figure 4. Indeed, it only uses lines that can be "rolled up" or folded. Another advantage of this type of circuit is the possibility of optimizing them performance and reproducibility. Indeed, it allows a unique adaptation and under control. And, the two functions are the first function seen from the antenna.
  • the manufacture of an engraved circuit with lightning protection as, for example, those illustrated in Figures 2 and 5 includes the engraving lines and capacitor of said circuit etched on the base of said circuit, the depositing a film of conductive material and, if necessary, scraping excess conductive material to keep only the material conductor which is deposited in the engraving.
  • This device can be applied to any field requiring one and / or the other of the two functions.
  • transmitters in all systems of communication dissemination or identification such as IFF, TACAN, DME can use such a circuit.
  • IFF IFF
  • TACAN TACAN
  • DME DME

Abstract

The lightning protection circuit has an etched circuit adapted for the transmission antenna output at a fixed or narrow frequency with a capacitor (53). There is a first line (51) connected to the connector at a set wavelength forming a high pass filter with a short circuit to earth for lightning and filtering harmonics.

Description

L'invention concerne la protection contre la foudre des émetteurs dans un système de transmission.The invention relates to lightning protection of transmitters in a transmission system.

La fonction de protection contre la foudre nécessite un filtre passe-haut car c'est un signal basse fréquences. La figure 1 montre un système anti-foudre en éléments localisés. Il comporte deux inductances 11 et 12 chacune reliée à la masse. La première self 11 est reliée directement à l'antenne d'émission. Elle permet d'atténuer les basses fréquences. Un condensateur 13 est placée entre ces deux inductances 11 et 12. Le condensateur 13 permet de filtrer les hautes fréquences. La deuxième self 12 est facultative. Elle permet d'améliorer l'atténuation présentée.Lightning protection function requires high pass filter because it's a low frequency signal. Figure 1 shows a system lightning protection in localized elements. It has two inductors 11 and 12 each connected to ground. The first self 11 is directly connected to the transmitting antenna. It helps attenuate the low frequencies. A capacitor 13 is placed between these two inductors 11 and 12. The capacitor 13 filters the high frequencies. The second self 12 is optional. It improves the attenuation presented.

De tels circuits anti-foudre sont réalisés en composants linéaires et discrets. Cependant, ils sont très encombrants et nécessitent une réalisation plus compliquée.Such lightning protection circuits are made of linear components and discreet. However, they are very bulky and require completion more complicated.

La présente invention permet d'obtenir un circuit gravé comportant une telle fonction de protection contre la foudre réduisant ainsi l'encombrement, de réalisation plus facile et moins chère (en raison, entre autre, du fait qu'il n'y a pas de composants).The present invention makes it possible to obtain an etched circuit comprising such a lightning protection function thereby reducing size, easier and cheaper to make (due to other, because there are no components).

L'invention a pour objet un circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre comportant au moins une ligne principale reliée à un connecteur adapté pour la sortie de l'antenne d'émission d'un système de transmission à fréquence fixe f0 ou dans une bande de fréquence étroite Δf0 comportant un condensateur et caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une première ligne d'une longueur I1 de largeur constante ou non, reliée audit connecteur et terminée par un court-circuit formant un circuit ouvert ramené sur la ligne principale.The subject of the invention is an etched circuit with lightning protection comprising at least one main line connected to a connector suitable for the output of the transmitting antenna of a fixed frequency transmission system f 0 or in a band of narrow frequency Δf 0 comprising a capacitor and characterized in that it comprises at least a first line of length I 1 of width constant or not, connected to said connector and terminated by a short-circuit forming an open circuit brought to the main line.

Le circuit proposé par l'invention permet de réaliser en outre le filtrage de la seconde harmonique.The circuit proposed by the invention also allows filtering to be carried out. of the second harmonic.

Un autre objet de l'invention est le procédé de fabrication d'un circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 comportant la gravure des lignes et du condensateur dudit circuit gravé sur la base dudit circuit, le dépôt d'une pellicule de matériau conducteur et, le cas échéant, le raclage de l'excès de matériau conducteur afin de ne conserver que le matériau conducteur qui s'est déposé dans la gravure.Another object of the invention is the method of manufacturing a circuit engraved with lightning protection according to one of claims 1 to 7 comprising the etching of the lines and of the capacitor of said circuit etched on the base of said circuit, the deposition of a film of conductive material and, if necessary scraping off the excess conductive material in order to prevent as the conductive material that has deposited in the etching.

L'invention propose en outre l'application du circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre selon l'une des revendications précédentes 1 à 7 au filtrage de la deuxième harmonique 2f0 et de la troisième harmonique 3f0.The invention further proposes the application of the etched circuit with lightning protection according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7 to the filtering of the second harmonic 2f 0 and of the third harmonic 3f 0 .

Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront plus clairement à la lecture de la description, faite à titre d'exemple, et des figures s'y rapportant qui représentent :

  • Figure 1, un circuit de protection contre la foudre en éléments localisés selon l'état de l'art,
  • Figure 2, la fonction de protection contre la foudre sur un circuit gravé selon l'invention,
  • Figure 3, un circuit de filtrage d'harmoniques en éléments localisés selon l'état de l'art,
  • Figure 4, la fonction de filtrage des harmoniques sur un circuit gravé selon l'état de l'art,
  • Figure 5, la fonction commune de protection contre la foudre et de filtrage des harmoniques 2f0 et 3f0 selon l'invention,
  • Figure 6a et 6b, courbe représentant le filtrage des harmoniques grâce au filtre de la figure 5, la figure 6b correspondant au filtre optimisé.
The characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the description, given by way of example, and the figures relating thereto which represent:
  • Figure 1, a lightning protection circuit in localized elements according to the state of the art,
  • FIG. 2, the lightning protection function on an etched circuit according to the invention,
  • FIG. 3, a circuit for filtering harmonics into localized elements according to the state of the art,
  • Figure 4, the harmonics filtering function on a circuit engraved according to the state of the art,
  • FIG. 5, the common function of lightning protection and filtering of the harmonics 2f 0 and 3f 0 according to the invention,
  • Figure 6a and 6b, curve representing the filtering of harmonics using the filter of Figure 5, Figure 6b corresponding to the optimized filter.

Si le circuit de protection contre la foudre en éléments localisés est traduit en constantes réparties comme illustré par la figure 2, les inductances 11 et 12 sont remplacées par des lignes conductrices 21 et 22 gravées sur une longueur d'un quart de longueur d'onde à la fréquence f0 utilisée. Les lignes 21 et 22 sont chacune terminées par un court-circuit. La ligne principale comporte un condensateur 23 placé entre ces deux lignes 21 et 22.If the lightning protection circuit in localized elements is translated into distributed constants as illustrated in FIG. 2, the inductors 11 and 12 are replaced by conductive lines 21 and 22 engraved over a length of a quarter wavelength at the frequency f 0 used. Lines 21 and 22 are each terminated by a short circuit. The main line includes a capacitor 23 placed between these two lines 21 and 22.

Prenons l'exemple d'un tel circuit avec des inductances de 22nH et un condensateur de 47pF: pour 1000V injectés dans ce circuit, il ne reste que 50 V en sortie. Take the example of such a circuit with inductances of 22nH and a 47pF capacitor: for 1000V injected into this circuit, there remains only 50 V at output.

Sachant qu'une ligne quart d'onde à la fréquence utilisée f0 court-circuitée à une extrémité ramène à son autre extrémité un circuit ouvert pour cette même fréquence, les deux lignes 21 et 22 ramènent à la fréquence f0 un circuit ouvert sur la ligne principaleKnowing that a quarter wave line at the frequency used f 0 short-circuited at one end brings to its other end an open circuit for this same frequency, the two lines 21 and 22 bring back to frequency f 0 an open circuit on the main line

A la deuxième harmonique 2f0, cette même ligne ramène donc un court-circuit. La protection contre la foudre sur circuit gravé dans le schéma proposé à la figure 2 représente donc un excellent réjecteur à 2f0 (c'est à dire un filtre stoppant la dite fréquence 2f0).At the second harmonic 2f 0 , this same line therefore reduces a short circuit. The lightning protection on a circuit engraved in the diagram proposed in FIG. 2 therefore represents an excellent 2f 0 rejector (ie a filter stopping the so-called 2f 0 frequency).

La première ligne 21 permet donc de filtrer les basses fréquences du signal de foudre et de réjecter la deuxième harmonique.The first line 21 therefore makes it possible to filter the low frequencies of the lightning signal and reject the second harmonic.

La deuxième ligne 22 est facultative. Elle permet d'améliorer l'atténuation présentée.The second line 22 is optional. It improves the mitigation presented.

Jusqu'ici, les fonctions de protection contre la foudre et de filtrage des harmoniques étaient réalisées séparément par deux circuits. Le circuit en éléments localisés de la figure 1 permettait de protéger contre la foudre. La fonction de filtrage des harmoniques était réalisée soit par un circuit en éléments localisés tel que celui représenté sur la figure 3 ou un circuit gravé tel que celui de la figure 4.Up to now, the lightning protection and filtering functions of harmonics were made separately by two circuits. The circuit in localized elements of figure 1 made it possible to protect against lightning. The harmonics filtering function was carried out either by a circuit in localized elements such as that shown in Figure 3 or an engraved circuit like the one in figure 4.

Le filtrage des harmoniques est un filtrage de type passe-bas. Les circuits des figures 3 et 4 permettent la réjection de la deuxième harmonique 2f0 et de la troisième harmonique 3f0.The harmonics filtering is a low pass type filtering. The circuits of FIGS. 3 and 4 allow the rejection of the second harmonic 2f 0 and of the third harmonic 3f 0 .

Le schéma en éléments localisés de la figure 3 comporte 3 condensateurs 31, 33 et 35 en parallèle reliés à la masse en l'une de leurs extrémités et 2 inductances 32 et 34, une inductance entre chacun des deux condensateurs. Des inductances peuvent éventuellement être placées en série avec les condensateurs 31, 33, 35. Elles sont situées entre les condensateurs et le circuit formé par les deux inductances 32 et 34 comme indiqué sur la figure 3The diagram in localized elements of figure 3 comprises 3 capacitors 31, 33 and 35 in parallel connected to earth in one of their ends and 2 inductors 32 and 34, an inductor between each of the two capacitors. Inductors can optionally be placed in series with capacitors 31, 33, 35. They are located between the capacitors and the circuit formed by the two inductors 32 and 34 as shown in figure 3

Traduit en constantes réparties, on obtient le schéma de la figure 4. Les inductances sont remplacés par des lignes gravées de fortes impédances (largeur inférieure à une ligne 50 Ohms) et les condensateurs par des plages de cuivre.Translated into distributed constants, we obtain the diagram of Figure 4. The inductors are replaced by strong engraved lines impedances (width less than a line 50 Ohms) and the capacitors by copper pads.

La séparation des deux fonctions de protection contre la foudre et de filtrage des harmoniques pose divers problèmes. The separation of the two lightning protection functions and filtering of harmonics poses various problems.

Tout d'abord, les circuits les plus couramment utilisés sont les circuits à éléments localisés des figures 1 et 3 sont encombrants. Les circuits à constantes réparties prennent eux aussi beaucoup de place car les condensateurs représentent des rectangles gravés de l'ordre de 1cm2 sur substrat de permittivité diélectrique forte (par exemple de l'ordre de 10) et les lignes quart d'onde représentent des longueurs de 2 à 3 cm. Ces dimensions sont données à titre d'exemple pour des fréquences de l'ordre du GHz. Ces dimensions ne sont pas négligeables en particulier dans des applications embarquées.First of all, the circuits most commonly used are the circuits with localized elements of FIGS. 1 and 3 are bulky. Distributed constant circuits also take up a lot of space because the capacitors represent rectangles etched on the order of 1 cm 2 on a substrate with high dielectric permittivity (for example on the order of 10) and the quarter wave lines represent lengths of 2 to 3 cm. These dimensions are given by way of example for frequencies of the order of GHz. These dimensions are not negligible, in particular in embedded applications.

Ensuite, la mise en série de ces deux fonctions sur un circuit gravé peuvent induire des dégradations de performances par désadaptation mutuelle des deux circuits par rapport aux résultats escomptés des deux fonctions séparées.Then, the serialization of these two functions on an engraved circuit can induce performance degradations by mismatching mutual of the two circuits compared to the expected results of the two separate functions.

De plus, le placement optimum de ces deux fonctions est impossible. En effet, aussi bien la fonction de protection contre la foudre que celle de filtrages des harmoniques devrait être la première trouvée après le connecteur d'antenne. Il s'agit du placement évident pour la protection contre la foudre qui doit protéger l'ensemble du circuit d'émission. Mais, le filtrage des harmoniques doit lui aussi être le plus en aval possible de l'émission car il existe un risque de création d'harmoniques, en particulier des harmoniques 2f0 et 3f0, par les circuits de commutation d'antenne ou par couplage.In addition, the optimum placement of these two functions is impossible. In fact, both the lightning protection function and the harmonics filtering function should be the first to be found after the antenna connector. This is the obvious placement for lightning protection which should protect the entire transmitting circuit. However, the filtering of the harmonics must also be as far downstream as possible from the transmission since there is a risk of creating harmonics, in particular harmonics 2f 0 and 3f 0 , by the antenna switching circuits or by coupling.

Le circuit de protection contre la foudre selon l'invention présenté sur la figure 2 permettait déjà le filtrage de la deuxième harmonique 2f0 en utilisant un circuit unique permettant de palier à ces inconvénients. La seconde ligne dans le schéma de protection contre la foudre de la figure 2 donne la possibilité de réjecter aussi la troisième harmonique. Comme le montre la figure 5, les longueurs seront alors optimisées et une topologie d'adaptation sera alors simulée pour garantir une réjection optimum aux deux harmoniques ainsi que de faible perte à la fréquence fondamentale f0. Cette optimisation peut être obtenue à l'aide d'outil de simulation de circuits gravés tels que l'ADS d'AGILENT technology par exemple.The lightning protection circuit according to the invention presented in FIG. 2 already allowed the filtering of the second harmonic 2f 0 by using a single circuit making it possible to overcome these drawbacks. The second line in the lightning protection diagram in Figure 2 gives the possibility of also rejecting the third harmonic. As shown in FIG. 5, the lengths will then be optimized and an adaptation topology will then be simulated to guarantee optimum rejection at the two harmonics as well as low loss at the fundamental frequency f 0 . This optimization can be obtained using a tool for simulating etched circuits such as ADS from AGILENT technology for example.

Sur la figure 5, le circuit optimisé pour la protection contre la foudre et le filtrage des deuxièmes et troisièmes harmoniques comporte deux lignes 51 et 52 de longueur respectives I1 et I2 déterminée lors de la simulation terminée par un court-circuit à la masse. Ces lignes 51 et 52 comportent des bras de réactance (ou stub en anglo-saxon) ouverts 54 et 55. La première ligne est reliée au connecteur de sortie de l'antenne. Un condensateur 53 réalise le filtrage passe haut de la protection contre la foudre. Il est placé entre les deux lignes sur la ligne principale.In FIG. 5, the circuit optimized for lightning protection and filtering of the second and third harmonics comprises two lines 51 and 52 of respective length I 1 and I 2 determined during the simulation ended by a short circuit to ground . These lines 51 and 52 include open reactance arms (or stub) 54 and 55. The first line is connected to the antenna output connector. A capacitor 53 performs the high-pass filtering of the lightning protection. It is placed between the two lines on the main line.

La figure 6 montre les premières mesures du filtrage des harmoniques sur les figures 6a et 6b, Elles représentent l'amplitude en dB du signal en sortie d'un circuit de protection contre la foudre selon l'invention en fonction de sa fréquence. L'onde de foudre injectée est de 1000V. Elle est atténuée aux environs de 50 V.Figure 6 shows the first measures of the harmonics filtering in FIGS. 6a and 6b, they represent the amplitude in dB of the signal in output of a lightning protection circuit according to the invention in function of its frequency. The injected lightning wave is 1000V. It is attenuated around 50 V.

La figures 6a correspond aux premières mesures avec un circuit du type de celui de la figure 5. Elle montre une atténuation du signal en sortie de minimum de 30 dB aux deux fréquences 2f0 et 3f0.FIGS. 6a correspond to the first measurements with a circuit of the type of that of FIG. 5. It shows an attenuation of the signal at output at least 30 dB at the two frequencies 2f 0 and 3f 0 .

La figure 6b correspond aux mesures obtenues après optimisation de ce circuit. L'optimisation permet d'obtenir des valeurs d'atténuation du signal en sortie du circuit optimisé de 40 dB pour 2f0 et 50 dB pour 3f0.FIG. 6b corresponds to the measurements obtained after optimization of this circuit. Optimization makes it possible to obtain attenuation values of the signal at the output of the optimized circuit of 40 dB for 2f 0 and 50 dB for 3f 0 .

Donc, de tels circuits de protection contre la foudre, notamment celui illustré par la figure 5, permettent le filtrage de la deuxième harmonique 2f0 et de la troisième harmonique 3f0. En particulier, ces circuits peuvent avoir une fonction commune de protection contre la foudre et de filtrage d'une ou plusieurs harmoniques nf0 (n entier ≥ 3).Therefore, such lightning protection circuits, in particular that illustrated in FIG. 5, allow the filtering of the second harmonic 2f 0 and of the third harmonic 3f 0 . In particular, these circuits can have a common lightning protection function and filtering of one or more harmonics nf 0 (n integer ≥ 3).

Le circuit de la figure 5 est un exemple de réalisation d'un circuit comportant une fonction commune de protection contre la foudre et de filtrage des harmoniques. De manière plus générale, il peut être envisagé d'optimiser ce circuit avec les mêmes outils de simulation pour la réjection des n premières harmoniques (n entier ≥ 3). Pour cela, le circuit peut comporter une ou plusieurs lignes terminées par un court-circuit de longueurs à déterminer identiques ou différentes, de largeurs à déterminer constantes ou non et identiques ou différentes, comportant ou non un ou plusieurs bras de réactance (ou stub en anglo-saxon) dont la taille est à déterminer.The circuit of FIG. 5 is an example of embodiment of a circuit having a common function of lightning protection and harmonics filtering. More generally, it can be envisaged optimize this circuit with the same simulation tools for rejection of the first n harmonics (n integer ≥ 3). For this, the circuit can have one or more lines terminated by a short circuit identical or different lengths to be determined, widths to be determined constant or not and identical or different, with or without one or several reactance arms (or stub in Anglo-Saxon) whose size is determine.

L'avantage d'un tel circuit est donc le gain de surface car les deux fonctions de protection contre la foudre et de filtrage des harmoniques est réalisé en un seul circuit. De plus, il ne nécessite pas de grande surface de gravure comme le circuit de filtrage des harmoniques de la figure 4. En effet, il n'utilise que des lignes qui peuvent être "enroulées" ou repliées. Un autre avantage de ce type de circuit est la possibilité d'en optimiser les performances et sa reproductibilité. En effet, il permet une adaptation unique et maítrisée. Et, les deux fonctions sont la première fonction vue de l'antenne. La fabrication d'un circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre comme, par exemple, ceux illustrés par les figures 2 et 5 comporte la gravure des lignes et du condensateur dudit circuit gravé sur la base dudit circuit, le dépôt d'une pellicule de matériau conducteur et, le cas échéant, le raclage de l'excès de matériau conducteur afin de ne conserver que le matériau conducteur qui s'est déposé dans la gravure.The advantage of such a circuit is therefore the gain in area because the two lightning protection and harmonic filtering functions is realized in a single circuit. In addition, it does not require a large area of etching like the harmonics filtering circuit in figure 4. Indeed, it only uses lines that can be "rolled up" or folded. Another advantage of this type of circuit is the possibility of optimizing them performance and reproducibility. Indeed, it allows a unique adaptation and under control. And, the two functions are the first function seen from the antenna. The manufacture of an engraved circuit with lightning protection as, for example, those illustrated in Figures 2 and 5 includes the engraving lines and capacitor of said circuit etched on the base of said circuit, the depositing a film of conductive material and, if necessary, scraping excess conductive material to keep only the material conductor which is deposited in the engraving.

Ce dispositif peut s'appliquer à tout domaine nécessitant l'une et/ou l'autre des deux fonctions. En particulier les émetteurs dans tous systèmes de communication, de diffusion ou d'identification tel que IFF, TACAN, DME peuvent utiliser un tel circuit. Lorsqu'il s'agit d'émission non plus sur une fréquence fixe mais dans une bande de fréquence, il faudra vérifier les performances accessibles dans cette bande.This device can be applied to any field requiring one and / or the other of the two functions. In particular transmitters in all systems of communication, dissemination or identification such as IFF, TACAN, DME can use such a circuit. When it comes to transmissions either on a fixed frequency but in a frequency band, it will be necessary to check the performances available in this band.

Claims (10)

Circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre comportant au moins une ligne principale reliée à un connecteur adapté pour la sortie de l'antenne d'émission d'un système de transmission à fréquence fixe f0 ou dans une bande de fréquence étroite Δf0 comportant un condensateur (23, 53) et caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une première ligne (21, 51) d'une longueur I1 de largeur constante ou non, reliée audit connecteur et terminée par un court-circuit formant un circuit ouvert ramené sur la ligne principale pour la fréquence f0.Etched circuit with lightning protection comprising at least one main line connected to a connector suitable for the output of the transmitting antenna of a fixed frequency transmission system f 0 or in a narrow frequency band Δf 0 comprising a capacitor (23, 53) and characterized in that it comprises at least a first line (21, 51) of length I 1 of constant width or not, connected to said connector and terminated by a short circuit forming an open circuit brought back on the main line for the frequency f 0 . Circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une deuxième ligne (22, 52) de longueur I2 de largeur constante ou non, reliée à la sortie du condensateur (23, 53) et terminée par un court-circuit formant un circuit ouvert ramené sur la ligne principale.Engraved circuit with lightning protection according to the preceding claim characterized in that it comprises a second line (22, 52) of length I 2 of constant width or not, connected to the output of the capacitor (23, 53) and terminated by a short circuit forming an open circuit brought back to the main line. Circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que les largeurs des première et deuxième lignes (21, 51 et 22, 52) sont différentes.Etched circuit with lightning protection according to the preceding claim characterized in that the widths of the first and second lines (21, 51 and 22, 52) are different. Circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la première ligne (51) comporte au moins un premier bras (54) de réactance (ou stub en anglo-saxon) ouvert.Circuit engraved with lightning protection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first line (51) comprises at least one first reactance arm (54) (or English-speaking stub) open. Circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4 caractérisé en ce que la deuxième ligne comporte au moins un deuxième bras (55) de réactance (ou stub en anglo-saxon) ouvert.Circuit engraved with lightning protection according to one of claims 2 to 4 characterized in that the second line comprises at least one second arm (55) of reactance (or stub in Anglo-Saxon) open. Circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la longueur I1 de la première ligne (21, 51) et/ou la longueur I2 de la deuxième ligne (22, 52) est un quart de la longueur d'onde de la fréquence utilisée f0.Etched circuit with lightning protection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length I 1 of the first line (21, 51) and / or the length I 2 of the second line (22, 52) is a quarter of the wavelength of the frequency used f 0 . Circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la largeur et/ou de la longueur de la première ligne (21, 51) et/ou de la deuxième ligne (22, 52) et/ou du premier bras (54) de réactance (ou stub en anglo-saxon) et/ou du deuxième bras (55) de réactance (ou stub en anglo-saxon) sont déterminées en fonction de la ou des harmoniques nf0 (n entier ≥ 2) à filtrer. Etched circuit with lightning protection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width and / or length of the first line (21, 51) and / or of the second line (22, 52) and / or the first reactance arm (54) and / or the second reactance arm (55) are determined as a function of the harmonic (s) nf 0 (n integer ≥ 2) to filter. Procédé de fabrication d'un circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 comportant la gravure des lignes (21, 51, 22, 52, 54, 55) et du condensateur (23, 53) dudit circuit gravé sur la base dudit circuit, le dépôt d'une pellicule de matériau conducteur et, le cas échéant, le raclage de l'excès de matériau conducteur afin de ne conserver que le matériau conducteur qui s'est déposé dans la gravure.Method of manufacturing an engraved circuit with lightning protection according to one of claims 1 to 7 comprising the etching of the lines (21, 51, 22, 52, 54, 55) and of the capacitor (23, 53) of said circuit engraved on the base of said circuit, the deposition of a film of conductive material and, if necessary scraping off the excess conductive material in order to prevent as the conductive material that has deposited in the etching. Application du circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre selon l'une des revendications précédentes 1 à 7 au filtrage de la deuxième harmonique 2f0 et de la troisième harmonique 3f0.Application of the etched circuit with lightning protection according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7 to the filtering of the second harmonic 2f 0 and of the third harmonic 3f 0 . Application du procédé de fabrication d'un circuit gravé avec protection contre la foudre selon la revendication 8 à la fabrication d'un circuit gravé avec fonction commune de protection contre la foudre et de filtrage d'une ou plusieurs harmoniques nf0 (n entier ≥ 3).Application of the method of manufacturing an etched circuit with lightning protection according to claim 8 for the manufacture of an etched circuit with a common function of lightning protection and filtering of one or more harmonics nf 0 (n integer ≥ 3).
EP02290588.9A 2001-03-09 2002-03-08 Lightning protection printed circuit and method for its manufacture Expired - Lifetime EP1239541B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0103254A FR2821993B1 (en) 2001-03-09 2001-03-09 LIGHTNING LIGHTNING PROTECTION CIRCUIT
FR0103254 2001-03-09

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EP1239541A1 true EP1239541A1 (en) 2002-09-11
EP1239541B1 EP1239541B1 (en) 2014-01-08

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EP2287818A1 (en) * 2004-08-27 2011-02-23 Itron, Inc. Embedded filter apparatus

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JP5038740B2 (en) * 2007-02-23 2012-10-03 パナソニック株式会社 Band pass filter and manufacturing method thereof
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CN104577271A (en) * 2013-10-22 2015-04-29 芯迪半导体科技（上海）有限公司 Surge protection circuit
JP7005113B2 (en) * 2018-04-04 2022-01-21 日本アンテナ株式会社 Coaxial lightning arrester
WO2021160246A1 (en) * 2020-02-10 2021-08-19 Advantest Corporation Electrical filter structure

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EP0689261A1 (en) * 1994-06-24 1995-12-27 Alcatel Cable Protection device against transient disturbances
EP0803927A2 (en) * 1996-04-26 1997-10-29 SHARP Corporation Attenuating filter for a DBS tuner for satellite broadcasting receivers
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EP2287818A1 (en) * 2004-08-27 2011-02-23 Itron, Inc. Embedded filter apparatus
WO2007029853A1 (en) * 2005-09-05 2007-03-15 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Bandpass filter and resonator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2821993B1 (en) 2003-06-20
US20020180382A1 (en) 2002-12-05
EP1239541B1 (en) 2014-01-08
US6977802B2 (en) 2005-12-20
FR2821993A1 (en) 2002-09-13

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