EP1235243A1 - Circuit breaker having and outlet channel for the compression chamber - Google Patents

Circuit breaker having and outlet channel for the compression chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1235243A1
EP1235243A1 EP02290175A EP02290175A EP1235243A1 EP 1235243 A1 EP1235243 A1 EP 1235243A1 EP 02290175 A EP02290175 A EP 02290175A EP 02290175 A EP02290175 A EP 02290175A EP 1235243 A1 EP1235243 A1 EP 1235243A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
circuit breaker
thermal
compression chamber
piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02290175A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1235243B1 (en
Inventor
Denis Dufournet
Wolfgang Grieshaber
Michel Perret
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Grid Solutions SAS
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Alstom SA
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Publication of EP1235243A1 publication Critical patent/EP1235243A1/en
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Publication of EP1235243B1 publication Critical patent/EP1235243B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising two contacts arranged in a breaking space filled with a dielectric gas under pressure and between which an electric arc is established during an operation opening of the circuit breaker, and including a blowing chamber thermal communicating directly with the breaking space and a compression chamber by piston communicating with the thermal blowing, and in which the compression chamber by piston communicates with the cutting space through an evacuation channel which is separated from the thermal blowing chamber and which is closed by a valve.
  • Such a high voltage circuit breaker is known from the German patent DE-19613030.
  • the breaking space is delimited by the neck and the diverging part of a nozzle secured to the movable contact of the circuit breaker.
  • the fixed contact of the circuit breaker crosses the neck of the nozzle.
  • the thermal blowing chamber and the discharge channel open directly into the nozzle neck and the valve is mounted between the piston compression chamber and the exhaust channel so as to prevent a return of gases from the cutting space towards the piston compression chamber.
  • the canal is connected to the neck of the nozzle so that during a circuit breaker opening operation, the thermal blowing chamber is put in communication with the breaking space before setting communication of the piston compression chamber with the breaking chamber through the discharge channel.
  • the dielectric gas When a low current is cut off, the dielectric gas is put faster overpressure in the compression chamber by piston than in the thermal blowing chamber. Due to the difference of gas overpressure between these two chambers, the one-way valve, placed in the communication channel between the two chambers, opens and the gas overpressure in the piston compression chamber is blown into the cutting space through the blowing chamber thermal. But part of the gas in overpressure in the chamber piston compression is also discharged into the cut-out space through the drainage channel. This gas escape through the channel evacuation to reduce the intrinsic extinguishing capacity by blowing the compression chamber by piston.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker which does not have not the disadvantages indicated above.
  • a goal of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker in which, when breaking of a weak current, all the gas in overpressure in the chamber of compression by piston passing through the thermal blowing chamber to blow the electric arc which is established between the two contacts of the circuit breaker and, in which, when a strong current is cut, the piston compression chamber is drained completely without use of calibrated valves in the compression piston but by gas evacuation in the breaking space through a channel separate evacuation, this injection of little or no ionized gas contributing to regenerate the hot gases present in the breaking space to improve the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker during an operation subsequent opening of it.
  • the invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising two contacts arranged in a breaking space filled with a gas dielectric under pressure and between which an electric arc is established during an operation to open the circuit breaker, and including a thermal blowing communicating directly with the space of cut-off and a piston compression chamber communicating with the compression chamber, and in which the compression chamber by piston communicates with the cutting space through a channel separate discharge from the thermal blowing chamber and closed by a valve, characterized in that said valve is disposed between the chamber of thermal blowing and the compression chamber by piston of such so as to open to allow the evacuation of overpressure gases from the piston compression chamber to the cutting space through said channel when the gas overpressure in the blowing chamber thermal is higher than the gas overpressure in the piston compression.
  • the valve is displaced by the resulting force corresponding to the gap between the gas overpressure in the thermal blowing chamber and the gas overpressure in the piston compression chamber.
  • the overpressure in the compression by piston is more important than in the chamber of thermal blowing and the resulting force acting on the valve tends to keep in its closed position to prevent emptying of the piston compression chamber through the discharge channel.
  • the gases in the piston compression chamber are therefore blown into the cut-off space through the one-way valve and the thermal blowing.
  • breaking a strong current the force resulting which acts on the valve tends on the contrary to move it to open the evacuation channel which allows the emptying of the compression by piston in the cutting space.
  • the valve is a movable ring through the bottom of the thermal blowing chamber and the ceiling of the chamber compression piston and the discharge channel has an opening which opens into the ceiling of the piston compression chamber.
  • the crown is pressed against the opening of the drainage channel under the action of a return spring working between the crown and the bottom of the thermal blowing chamber.
  • the cutting space is defined by a nozzle having a neck and a diverging and the evacuation channel opens into the diverging downstream of the nozzle neck.
  • circuit breaker according to the invention is described below in detail and illustrated schematically in the single figure.
  • the figure shows schematically, in axial half-section, a exemplary embodiment of a high voltage circuit breaker according to the invention.
  • the circuit breaker comprises a fixed arcing contact 1 in the form of a rod and a movable arcing contact 2 which is displaced in the axial direction A.
  • the contact 2 is hollow and is part of a moving assembly including a nozzle blowing 3 coaxial with contacts 1 and 2, a blowing chamber thermal 4 and a piston compression chamber 5.
  • the crew mobile also includes a permanent current contact 6 which cooperates when the circuit breaker closes with a permanent current contact 7 which is fixed.
  • the nozzle 3 made of an electrically insulating material, comprises a diverging 3B downstream of the neck 3A of narrowed section.
  • the arcing contact 1 crosses the neck 3B of the nozzle and enters the hollow contact 2 disposed upstream of the neck 3A of the nozzle according to the direction of travel for closing contact 2.
  • the neck 3A and the diverging 3B of the nozzle define the space of interruption of an electric arc that stretches between the two contacts 1 and 2 during a circuit breaker opening operation.
  • This breaking space is filled with a dielectric insulating gas, such as SF6, under pressure a few bars, for example 3 bars.
  • This breaking space communicates with the blowing chamber thermal 4 via an annular channel 8 formed in the nozzle 3 and which opens on the side of the cutting space in the neck 3A of the nozzle.
  • the thermal blowing chamber 4 defines a fixed volume annular coaxial with contacts 1 and 2 in which the dielectric gas is overpressure by heating in contact with the electric arc which is established between contacts 1 and 2 on opening.
  • the piston compression chamber 5 is adjacent to the chamber 4 and defines a variable annular volume also coaxial with contacts 1 and 2 in which the dielectric gas is put under overpressure by displacement of a piston 9 constituting the bottom 5A of the chamber 5.
  • the ceiling 5B of the chamber 5 is merged with the bottom 4A of the chamber 4 and the channel 8 opens into the ceiling 4B of room 4.
  • the thermal blowing chamber 4 communicates with the compression chamber by piston 5 through a channel 10 passing through the bottom 4A and the floor 5B.
  • Channel 10 is closed by a valve unidirectional 11 allowing only gas flow from the chamber 5 towards chamber 4.
  • the bottom 5A of the compression chamber by piston also constituting piston 9 is also crossed by a channel closed by a one-way valve 12 letting the gas pass from the rear of the piston to chamber 5 when the breaker.
  • the piston compression chamber 5 communicates with the breaking space through an annular channel 13 coaxial with contacts 1 and 2 and which leads, on the one hand, into the diverging 3B from the nozzle and, on the other hand, in the ceiling 5B from the compression chamber by piston 5.
  • a valve 14 is also disposed between the thermal blowing chamber 4 and the compression by piston 5. It crosses the ceiling 5B or the bottom 4A and opens from the side of the compression chamber by piston 5.
  • This valve 14 here is in the form of a movable crown mounted according to the direction A as indicated by the arrow.
  • the crown 14 has a peripheral annular stop 15 which extends radially under the opening of channel 13 opening into chamber 5.
  • An annular spring 16 works between the bottom 4A of the thermal blowing chamber 4 and the crown 14 to close the channel 13 while maintaining the stop 15 against the opening of the channel 13 opening into the chamber 5.
  • a displacement from the crown 14 to the left of the figure and therefore in the chamber 5 opens the channel 13 while a movement of the crown 14 towards the right of the figure and therefore in the chamber 4 tends to close the channel 13.
  • the volume of gas in the chamber 5 rises faster in overpressure than the volume of gas in chamber 4 and the unidirectional valve 11 opens the channel 10 connecting rooms 4 and 5.
  • the overpressure in the chamber 5 being greater than the overpressure in chamber 4, the force resulting tends to move the crown 14 to the right of the figure and is added to that exerted by the spring 16 so that the stop 15 of the crown closes the discharge channel 13.
  • all the gas overpressure in chamber 5 is blown into the breaking space on the root of the electric arc through channel 10, chamber 4 and channel 8.
  • the discharge channel 13 is always closed by the crown 14 which prevents the return of hot gases from the breaking space to the room 5.
  • the discharge channel 13 has a part of length which extends parallel to direction A in the thickness of the outer wall of the thermal blowing chamber 4. Thus, the discharge channel 13 does not pass through the defined volume of gas through the thermal blowing chamber.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)

Abstract

The circuit breaker includes two contacts (1,2) in a cut-off space filled with dielectric gas under pressure. A thermal extinguishing chamber (4) and a piston compression chamber (5) are linked, with a control valve regulating the movement of dielectric gas according to operating circumstances. The gas pressure within the cut-off space varies with different cut-off currents passing between arcing contacts. The circuit breaker includes two contacts (1,2) in a cut-off space filled with dielectric gas under pressure, and between which an arc forms during opening of the circuit breaker. A thermal extinguishing chamber (4) communicates directly with the cut-off space, and a piston compression chamber (5) communicates with the thermal extinguishing chamber. The piston compression chamber (5) communicates with the cut-off space by an evacuation channel (13) which is separated from the thermal extinguishing chamber and which is closed by a valve (14). The valve is situated between the thermal extinguishing chamber (4) and the piston compression chamber (5) so as to open and allow the evacuation of over-pressure gas from the piston compression chamber through the cut-off space via the channel (13), when the over-pressure of gas in the thermal extinguishing chamber is greater than the over-pressure of gas in the piston compression chamber.

Description

L'invention concerne un disjoncteur comprenant deux contacts disposés dans un espace de coupure rempli d'un gaz diélectrique sous pression et entre lesquels s'établit un arc électrique lors d'une opération d'ouverture du disjoncteur, et incluant une chambre de soufflage thermique communiquant directement avec l'espace de coupure et une chambre de compression par piston communiquant avec la chambre de soufflage thermique, et dans lequel la chambre de compression par piston communique avec l'espace de coupure par un canal d'évacuation qui est séparé de la chambre de soufflage thermique et qui est fermé par un clapet.The invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising two contacts arranged in a breaking space filled with a dielectric gas under pressure and between which an electric arc is established during an operation opening of the circuit breaker, and including a blowing chamber thermal communicating directly with the breaking space and a compression chamber by piston communicating with the thermal blowing, and in which the compression chamber by piston communicates with the cutting space through an evacuation channel which is separated from the thermal blowing chamber and which is closed by a valve.

Un tel disjoncteur à haute tension est connu du brevet allemand DE-19613030. Dans ce disjoncteur connu, L'espace de coupure est délimité par le col et le divergeant d'une buse solidaire du contact mobile du disjoncteur. En position de fermeture du disjoncteur, le contact fixe du disjoncteur traverse le col de la buse. La chambre de soufflage thermique et le canal d'évacuation débouchent directement dans le col de la buse et le clapet est monté entre la chambre de compression par piston et le canal d'évacuation de telle manière à empêcher un retour des gaz de l'espace de coupure vers la chambre de compression par piston. Le canal d'évacuation est raccordé au col de la buse de telle façon que lors d'une opération d'ouverture du disjoncteur, la chambre de soufflage thermique est mise en communication avec l'espace de coupure avant la mise en communication de la chambre de compression par piston avec la chambre de coupure à travers le canal d'évacuation.Such a high voltage circuit breaker is known from the German patent DE-19613030. In this known circuit breaker, the breaking space is delimited by the neck and the diverging part of a nozzle secured to the movable contact of the circuit breaker. When the circuit breaker is closed, the fixed contact of the circuit breaker crosses the neck of the nozzle. The thermal blowing chamber and the discharge channel open directly into the nozzle neck and the valve is mounted between the piston compression chamber and the exhaust channel so as to prevent a return of gases from the cutting space towards the piston compression chamber. The canal is connected to the neck of the nozzle so that during a circuit breaker opening operation, the thermal blowing chamber is put in communication with the breaking space before setting communication of the piston compression chamber with the breaking chamber through the discharge channel.

Lors de la coupure d'un faible courant, le gaz diélectrique est mis plus rapidement en surpression dans la chambre de compression par piston que dans la chambre de soufflage thermique. Du fait de l'écart de surpression du gaz entre ces deux chambres, la valve unidirectionnelle, placée dans le canal de communication entre les deux chambres, s'ouvre et le gaz en surpression dans la chambre de compression par piston est soufflé dans l'espace de coupure à travers la chambre de soufflage thermique. Mais une partie du gaz en surpression dans la chambre de compression par piston est également évacué dans l'espace de coupure à travers le canal d'évacuation. Cet échappement de gaz par le canal d'évacuation à pour effet de diminuer la capacité intrinsèque d'extinction par soufflage de la chambre de compression par piston.When a low current is cut off, the dielectric gas is put faster overpressure in the compression chamber by piston than in the thermal blowing chamber. Due to the difference of gas overpressure between these two chambers, the one-way valve, placed in the communication channel between the two chambers, opens and the gas overpressure in the piston compression chamber is blown into the cutting space through the blowing chamber thermal. But part of the gas in overpressure in the chamber piston compression is also discharged into the cut-out space through the drainage channel. This gas escape through the channel evacuation to reduce the intrinsic extinguishing capacity by blowing the compression chamber by piston.

Lors de la coupure d'un fort courant, le gaz dans la chambre de soufflage thermique est mis plus rapidement en surpression que dans la chambre de compression par piston. Du fait de l'écart de surpression du gaz entre ces deux chambres, le canal de communication entre ces deux chambres est fermé par la valve unidirectionnelle de sorte que c'est le gaz en surpression dans la chambre de soufflage thermique qui est soufflé dans l'espace de coupure entre les deux contacts. Quand le contact fixe découvre l'embouchure du canal d'évacuation dans le col de la buse, il y a un risque que l'arc électrique se développe à l'embouchure du canal d'évacuation du fait du diamètre restreint du col de buse et, par échauffement, entraíne un refoulement des gaz de l'espace de coupure vers la chambre de compression par piston. Si ce refoulement est stoppé par le clapet anti-retour du canal d'évacuation, il en résulte que la chambre de compression par piston ne peut plus être vidangée et la surpression de gaz dans cette chambre produit un effort résistant qui s'oppose au déplacement du contact mobile du disjoncteur ce qui peut provoquer un arrêt intempestif de l'opération d'ouverture du disjoncteur.When a strong current is cut off, the gas in the thermal blowing is put under pressure more quickly than in the compression chamber by piston. Due to the excess pressure difference of the gas between these two chambers, the communication channel between these two chambers is closed by the one-way valve so this is the gas in overpressure in the thermal blowing chamber which is blown into the cut-off space between the two contacts. When the fixed contact discovers the mouth of the drainage channel in the neck the nozzle, there is a risk that the electric arc develops at the mouth the discharge channel due to the restricted diameter of the nozzle neck and, by heating, causes a backflow of gases from the breaking space to the piston compression chamber. If this refoulement is stopped by the non-return valve of the discharge channel, it follows that the piston compression chamber can no longer be drained and the gas overpressure in this chamber produces a resistant force which opposes the movement of the moving contact of the circuit breaker which can cause the circuit breaker opening operation to stop unexpectedly.

On connaít encore de la demande de brevet européen EP-806049, un disjoncteur dans lequel le piston de compression dans la chambre de compression par piston est muni de clapets tarés qui s'ouvrent quand la surpression de gaz dans la chambre de compression par piston franchit un seuil critique. De cette manière, lors de la coupure d'un fort courant, la chambre de compression par piston est vidangée par l'arrière du piston mais alors le gaz en surpression dans cette chambre n'est pas utilisé pour la coupure de l'arc et est donc perdu.We also know from European patent application EP-806049, a circuit breaker in which the compression piston in the compression by piston is fitted with calibrated valves which open when the gas overpressure in the piston compression chamber crosses a critical threshold. In this way, when a strong current is cut, the piston compression chamber is drained from the rear of the piston but then the gas overpressure in this chamber is not used for cutting the arc and is therefore lost.

Le but de l'invention est de fournir un disjoncteur qui ne présente pas les inconvénients indiqués ci-dessus. En particulier, un but de l'invention est de fournir un disjoncteur dans lequel, lors de la coupure d'un faible courant, tout le gaz en surpression dans la chambre de compression par piston transite par la chambre de soufflage thermique pour souffler l'arc électrique qui s'établit entre les deux contacts du disjoncteur et, dans lequel, lors de la coupure d'un fort courant, la chambre de compression par piston est vidangée complètement sans utilisation de clapets tarés dans le piston de compression mais par évacuation du gaz dans l'espace de coupure à travers un canal d'évacuation séparé, cette injection de gaz peu ou pas ionisé contribuant à régénérer les gaz chauds présents dans l'espace de coupure pour améliorer la tenue diélectrique du disjoncteur lors d'une opération d'ouverture subséquente de celui-ci. The object of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker which does not have not the disadvantages indicated above. In particular, a goal of the invention is to provide a circuit breaker in which, when breaking of a weak current, all the gas in overpressure in the chamber of compression by piston passing through the thermal blowing chamber to blow the electric arc which is established between the two contacts of the circuit breaker and, in which, when a strong current is cut, the piston compression chamber is drained completely without use of calibrated valves in the compression piston but by gas evacuation in the breaking space through a channel separate evacuation, this injection of little or no ionized gas contributing to regenerate the hot gases present in the breaking space to improve the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker during an operation subsequent opening of it.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un disjoncteur comprenant deux contacts disposés dans un espace de coupure rempli d'un gaz diélectrique sous pression et entre lesquels s'établit un arc électrique lors d'une opération d'ouverture du disjoncteur, et incluant une chambre de soufflage thermique communiquant directement avec l'espace de coupure et une chambre de compression par piston communiquant avec la chambre de compression, et dans lequel la chambre de compression par piston communique avec l'espace de coupure par un canal d'évacuation séparé de la chambre de soufflage thermique et fermé par un clapet, caractérisé en ce que ledit clapet est disposé entre la chambre de soufflage thermique et la chambre de compression par piston de telle manière à s'ouvrir pour permettre l'évacuation des gaz en surpression de la chambre de compression par piston vers l'espace de coupure à travers ledit canal quand la surpression des gaz dans la chambre de soufflage thermique est supérieure à la surpression des gaz dans la chambre de compression par piston. Ainsi, avec cet agencement, le clapet est déplacé par la force résultante correspondante à l'écart entre la surpression des gaz dans la chambre de soufflage thermique et la surpression des gaz dans la chambre de compression par piston. Lors de la coupure d'un faible courant, la surpression dans la chambre de compression par piston est plus importante que dans la chambre de soufflage thermique et la force résultante qui agit sur le clapet tend à le maintenir dans sa position de fermeture pour empêcher la vidange de la chambre de compression par piston à travers le canal d'évacuation. Les gaz dans la chambre de compression par piston sont donc soufflés dans l'espace de coupure à travers la valve unidirectionnelle et la chambre de soufflage thermique. Lors de la coupure d'un fort courant, la force résultante qui agit sur le clapet tend au contraire à le déplacer pour ouvrir le canal d'évacuation ce qui permet la vidange de la chambre de compression par piston dans l'espace de coupure.To this end, the invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising two contacts arranged in a breaking space filled with a gas dielectric under pressure and between which an electric arc is established during an operation to open the circuit breaker, and including a thermal blowing communicating directly with the space of cut-off and a piston compression chamber communicating with the compression chamber, and in which the compression chamber by piston communicates with the cutting space through a channel separate discharge from the thermal blowing chamber and closed by a valve, characterized in that said valve is disposed between the chamber of thermal blowing and the compression chamber by piston of such so as to open to allow the evacuation of overpressure gases from the piston compression chamber to the cutting space through said channel when the gas overpressure in the blowing chamber thermal is higher than the gas overpressure in the piston compression. Thus, with this arrangement, the valve is displaced by the resulting force corresponding to the gap between the gas overpressure in the thermal blowing chamber and the gas overpressure in the piston compression chamber. During the interruption of a weak current, the overpressure in the compression by piston is more important than in the chamber of thermal blowing and the resulting force acting on the valve tends to keep in its closed position to prevent emptying of the piston compression chamber through the discharge channel. The gases in the piston compression chamber are therefore blown into the cut-off space through the one-way valve and the thermal blowing. When breaking a strong current, the force resulting which acts on the valve tends on the contrary to move it to open the evacuation channel which allows the emptying of the compression by piston in the cutting space.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement simple du disjoncteur selon l'invention, le clapet est une couronne mobile traversant le fond de la chambre de soufflage thermique et le plafond de la chambre de compression par piston et le canal d'évacuation a une ouverture qui débouche dans le plafond de la chambre de compression par piston. La couronne est plaquée contre l'ouverture du canal d'évacuation sous l'action d'un ressort de rappel travaillant entre la couronne et le fond de la chambre de soufflage thermique. Avec cet agencement, à l'équilibre des pressions dans la chambre de soufflage thermique et dans la chambre de compression par piston, la couronne obture le canal d'évacuation et empêche une vidange de la chambre de compression par piston vers l'espace de coupure.According to a particularly simple embodiment of the circuit breaker according to the invention, the valve is a movable ring through the bottom of the thermal blowing chamber and the ceiling of the chamber compression piston and the discharge channel has an opening which opens into the ceiling of the piston compression chamber. The crown is pressed against the opening of the drainage channel under the action of a return spring working between the crown and the bottom of the thermal blowing chamber. With this arrangement, the balance of pressures in the thermal blowing chamber and in the compression by piston, the crown closes the evacuation channel and prevents the piston chamber from emptying towards the breaking space.

Selon encore un mode de réalisation particulier du disjoncteur selon l'invention, l'espace de coupure est défini par une buse ayant un col et un divergeant et le canal d'évacuation débouche dans le divergeant en aval du col de la buse. Cette construction élimine le risque d'un bouchage du canal d'évacuation par l'arc électrique.According to yet another particular embodiment of the circuit breaker according to the invention, the cutting space is defined by a nozzle having a neck and a diverging and the evacuation channel opens into the diverging downstream of the nozzle neck. This construction eliminates the risk of obstruction of the discharge channel by the electric arc.

Le disjoncteur selon l'invention est décrit ci-après en détail et illustré schématiquement sur la figure unique.The circuit breaker according to the invention is described below in detail and illustrated schematically in the single figure.

La figure montre schématiquement, en demi-coupe axiale, un exemple de réalisation d'un disjoncteur à haute tension selon l'invention. Le disjoncteur comprend un contact d'arc fixe 1 en forme de tige et un contact d'arc mobile 2 qui est déplacé selon la direction axiale A. Le contact 2 est creux et fait partie d'un équipage mobile incluant une buse de soufflage 3 coaxiale aux contacts 1 et 2, une chambre de soufflage thermique 4 et une chambre de compression par piston 5. L'équipage mobile inclut également un contact de courant permanent 6 qui coopère à la fermeture du disjoncteur avec un contact de courant permanent 7 qui est fixe.The figure shows schematically, in axial half-section, a exemplary embodiment of a high voltage circuit breaker according to the invention. The circuit breaker comprises a fixed arcing contact 1 in the form of a rod and a movable arcing contact 2 which is displaced in the axial direction A. The contact 2 is hollow and is part of a moving assembly including a nozzle blowing 3 coaxial with contacts 1 and 2, a blowing chamber thermal 4 and a piston compression chamber 5. The crew mobile also includes a permanent current contact 6 which cooperates when the circuit breaker closes with a permanent current contact 7 which is fixed.

La buse 3, en une matière électriquement isolante, comporte un divergeant 3B en aval du col 3A de section rétrécie. Quand le disjoncteur est fermé, le contact d'arc 1 traverse le col 3B de la buse et pénètre dans le contact creux 2 disposé en amont du col 3A de la buse selon la direction de déplacement de fermeture du contact 2.The nozzle 3, made of an electrically insulating material, comprises a diverging 3B downstream of the neck 3A of narrowed section. When the circuit breaker is closed, the arcing contact 1 crosses the neck 3B of the nozzle and enters the hollow contact 2 disposed upstream of the neck 3A of the nozzle according to the direction of travel for closing contact 2.

Le col 3A et le divergeant 3B de la buse définissent l'espace de coupure d'un arc électrique qui s'étire entre les deux contacts 1 et 2 lors d'une opération d'ouverture du disjoncteur. Cet espace de coupure est rempli d'un gaz diélectrique d'isolation, tel que du SF6, sous une pression de quelques bars, par exemple 3 bars.The neck 3A and the diverging 3B of the nozzle define the space of interruption of an electric arc that stretches between the two contacts 1 and 2 during a circuit breaker opening operation. This breaking space is filled with a dielectric insulating gas, such as SF6, under pressure a few bars, for example 3 bars.

Cet espace de coupure communique avec la chambre de soufflage thermique 4 par l'intermédiaire d'un canal annulaire 8 formé dans la buse 3 et qui s'ouvre du côté de l'espace de coupure dans le col 3A de la buse.This breaking space communicates with the blowing chamber thermal 4 via an annular channel 8 formed in the nozzle 3 and which opens on the side of the cutting space in the neck 3A of the nozzle.

La chambre de soufflage thermique 4 définit un volume fixe annulaire coaxial aux contacts 1 et 2 dans lequel le gaz diélectrique est mis en surpression par échauffement au contact de l'arc électrique qui s'établit entre les contacts 1 et 2 à l'ouverture.The thermal blowing chamber 4 defines a fixed volume annular coaxial with contacts 1 and 2 in which the dielectric gas is overpressure by heating in contact with the electric arc which is established between contacts 1 and 2 on opening.

La chambre de compression par piston 5 est adjacente à la chambre 4 et définit un volume variable annulaire également coaxial aux contacts 1 et 2 dans lequel le gaz diélectrique est mis en surpression par déplacement d'un piston 9 constituant le fond 5A de la chambre 5. Comme visible sur la figure, le plafond 5B de la chambre 5 est confondu avec le fond 4A de la chambre 4 et le canal 8 débouche dans le plafond 4B de la chambre 4.The piston compression chamber 5 is adjacent to the chamber 4 and defines a variable annular volume also coaxial with contacts 1 and 2 in which the dielectric gas is put under overpressure by displacement of a piston 9 constituting the bottom 5A of the chamber 5. As visible in the figure, the ceiling 5B of the chamber 5 is merged with the bottom 4A of the chamber 4 and the channel 8 opens into the ceiling 4B of room 4.

La chambre de soufflage thermique 4 communique avec la chambre de compression par piston 5 par un canal 10 traversant le fond 4A et le plancher 5B. Le canal 10 est fermé par une valve unidirectionnelle 11 autorisant seulement un écoulement du gaz de la chambre 5 vers la chambre 4. Le fond 5A de la chambre de compression par piston constituant également le piston 9 est traversé également par un canal fermé par une valve unidirectionnelle 12 laissant passer le gaz de l'arrière du piston vers la chambre 5 lors de la fermeture du disjoncteur.The thermal blowing chamber 4 communicates with the compression chamber by piston 5 through a channel 10 passing through the bottom 4A and the floor 5B. Channel 10 is closed by a valve unidirectional 11 allowing only gas flow from the chamber 5 towards chamber 4. The bottom 5A of the compression chamber by piston also constituting piston 9 is also crossed by a channel closed by a one-way valve 12 letting the gas pass from the rear of the piston to chamber 5 when the breaker.

Comme visible sur la figure, la chambre de compression par piston 5 communique avec l'espace de coupure par un canal annulaire 13 coaxial aux contacts 1 et 2 et qui débouche, d'une part, dans le divergeant 3B de la buse et, d'autre part, dans le plafond 5B de la chambre de compression par piston 5. Un clapet 14 est par ailleurs disposé entre la chambre de soufflage thermique 4 et la chambre de compression par piston 5. Il traverse le plafond 5B ou le fond 4A et s'ouvre du côté de la chambre de compression par piston 5. Ce clapet 14 se présente ici sous la forme d'une couronne montée mobile suivant la direction A comme indiqué par la flèche. La couronne 14 comporte une arrête annulaire périphérique 15 qui s'étend radialement sous l'ouverture du canal 13 débouchant dans la chambre 5. Un ressort annulaire 16 travaille entre le fond 4A de la chambre de soufflage thermique 4 et la couronne 14 pour fermer le canal 13 en maintenant l'arrête 15 contre l'ouverture du canal 13 débouchant dans la chambre 5. Un déplacement de la couronne 14 vers la gauche de la figure et donc dans la chambre 5 ouvre le canal 13 tandis qu'un déplacement de la couronne 14 vers la droite de la figure et donc dans la chambre 4 tend à fermer le canal 13.As shown in the figure, the piston compression chamber 5 communicates with the breaking space through an annular channel 13 coaxial with contacts 1 and 2 and which leads, on the one hand, into the diverging 3B from the nozzle and, on the other hand, in the ceiling 5B from the compression chamber by piston 5. A valve 14 is also disposed between the thermal blowing chamber 4 and the compression by piston 5. It crosses the ceiling 5B or the bottom 4A and opens from the side of the compression chamber by piston 5. This valve 14 here is in the form of a movable crown mounted according to the direction A as indicated by the arrow. The crown 14 has a peripheral annular stop 15 which extends radially under the opening of channel 13 opening into chamber 5. An annular spring 16 works between the bottom 4A of the thermal blowing chamber 4 and the crown 14 to close the channel 13 while maintaining the stop 15 against the opening of the channel 13 opening into the chamber 5. A displacement from the crown 14 to the left of the figure and therefore in the chamber 5 opens the channel 13 while a movement of the crown 14 towards the right of the figure and therefore in the chamber 4 tends to close the channel 13.

Lors de la coupure d'un fort courant, le volume de gaz dans la chambre 4 monte plus rapidement en surpression que le volume de gaz dans la chambre 5 et la valve unidirectionnelle 11 ferme le canal 10 entre les chambres de compression 4 et 5. La surpression dans la chambre 4 étant supérieure à la surpression dans la chambre 5, la force résultante tend à déplacer la couronne 14 vers la gauche de la figure et donc à ouvrir le canal 13 ce qui permet l'évacuation des gaz de la chambre 5 vers l'espace de coupure dans le divergeant de la buse. Au passage par zéro du courant, le gaz en surpression dans la chambre 4 est soufflé à la sortie du canal 8 sur la racine de l'arc électrique qui s'étire entre les deux contacts 1 et 2 et quelques centaines de microsecondes après le passage par zéro du courant, la chambre 5 est vidangée dans l'espace de coupure par l'intermédiaire du canal 13. Le gaz peu ou pas pollué provenant de la chambre 5 est ainsi utilisé utilement pour régénérer les gaz chauds présents dans la partie aval de la buse après la coupure de l'arc. Cette régénération du milieu diélectrique dans l'espace de coupure est importante car un disjoncteur est habituellement conçu pour effectuer une séquence ouverture-fermeture avec une ouverture subséquente. Il importe donc que la seconde ouverture soit réalisée dans des conditions de tenue diélectrique optimum. D'autre part, ce soufflage additionnel permet d'améliorer la tenue de la tension rétablie quelques centaines de microsecondes après le passage par zéro du courant.When a strong current is cut off, the volume of gas in the chamber 4 rises faster in overpressure than the volume of gas in chamber 5 and the unidirectional valve 11 closes the channel 10 between compression chambers 4 and 5. Overpressure in chamber 4 being greater than the overpressure in chamber 5, the resulting force tends to move the crown 14 to the left of the figure and therefore to open the channel 13 which allows the evacuation of the gases from the chamber 5 towards the cutting space in the diverging part of the nozzle. Passing by zero current, gas overpressure in chamber 4 is blown to the outlet of channel 8 on the root of the electric arc which stretches between the two contacts 1 and 2 and a few hundred microseconds after the passage of the current through zero, chamber 5 is emptied into space cut through channel 13. Little or no polluted gas from chamber 5 is thus usefully used to regenerate the hot gases present in the downstream part of the nozzle after switching off the arc. This regeneration of the dielectric medium in the breaking space is important because a circuit breaker is usually designed to carry out an opening-closing sequence with a subsequent opening. he it is therefore important that the second opening is carried out under conditions optimum dielectric strength. On the other hand, this additional blowing improves the resistance of the restored voltage a few hundred microseconds after the current crosses zero.

Lors de la coupure d'un faible courant, le volume de gaz dans la chambre 5 monte plus rapidement en surpression que le volume de gaz dans la chambre 4 et la valve unidirectionnelle 11 ouvre le canal 10 mettant en communication les chambres 4 et 5. La surpression dans la chambre 5 étant supérieure à la surpression dans la chambre 4, la force résultante tend à déplacer la couronne 14 vers la droite de la figure et s'ajoute à celle exercée par le ressort 16 de sorte que l'arrête 15 de la couronne ferme le canal d'évacuation 13. Au passage par zéro du courant, tout le gaz en surpression dans la chambre 5 est soufflé dans l'espace de coupure sur la racine de l'arc électrique à travers le canal 10, la chambre 4 et le canal 8. Après le passage par zéro du courant, le canal d'évacuation 13 est toujours obturé par la couronne 14 ce qui empêche le retour de gaz chauds de l'espace de coupure vers la chambre 5.When a low current is cut off, the volume of gas in the chamber 5 rises faster in overpressure than the volume of gas in chamber 4 and the unidirectional valve 11 opens the channel 10 connecting rooms 4 and 5. The overpressure in the chamber 5 being greater than the overpressure in chamber 4, the force resulting tends to move the crown 14 to the right of the figure and is added to that exerted by the spring 16 so that the stop 15 of the crown closes the discharge channel 13. At zero crossing of the current, all the gas overpressure in chamber 5 is blown into the breaking space on the root of the electric arc through channel 10, chamber 4 and channel 8. After the current has passed through zero, the discharge channel 13 is always closed by the crown 14 which prevents the return of hot gases from the breaking space to the room 5.

Sur la figure, on voit que le canal d'évacuation 13 comporte une partie de longueur qui s'étend parallèlement à la direction A dans l'épaisseur de la paroi extérieure de la chambre de soufflage thermique 4. Ainsi, le canal d'évacuation 13 ne traverse pas le volume de gaz défini par la chambre de soufflage thermique.In the figure, it can be seen that the discharge channel 13 has a part of length which extends parallel to direction A in the thickness of the outer wall of the thermal blowing chamber 4. Thus, the discharge channel 13 does not pass through the defined volume of gas through the thermal blowing chamber.

Claims (4)

Disjoncteur comprenant deux contacts (1,2) disposés dans un espace de coupure rempli d'un gaz diélectrique sous pression et entre lesquels s'établit un arc électrique lors d'une opération d'ouverture du disjoncteur, et incluant une chambre de soufflage thermique (4) communiquant directement avec l'espace de coupure et une chambre de compression par piston (5) communiquant avec la chambre de soufflage thermique (4), et dans lequel la chambre de compression par piston (5) communique avec l'espace de coupure par un canal d'évacuation (13) séparé de la chambre de soufflage thermique et fermé par un clapet (14), caractérisé en ce que ledit clapet (14) est disposé entre la chambre de soufflage thermique (4) et la chambre de compression par piston (5) de telle manière à s'ouvrir pour permettre l'évacuation du gaz en surpression de la chambre de compression par piston (5) vers l'espace de coupure à travers ledit canal (13) quand la surpression des gaz dans la chambre de soufflage thermique est supérieure à la surpression des gaz dans la chambre de compression par piston.Circuit breaker comprising two contacts (1,2) arranged in a breaking space filled with a dielectric gas under pressure and between which an electric arc is established during an operation of opening the circuit breaker, and including a thermal blowing chamber (4) communicating directly with the cutting space and a piston compression chamber (5) communicating with the thermal blowing chamber (4), and in which the piston compression chamber (5) communicates with the cut off by a discharge channel (13) separated from the thermal blowing chamber and closed by a valve (14), characterized in that said valve (14) is disposed between the thermal blowing chamber (4) and the compression by piston (5) in such a way as to open to allow the evacuation of the gas under pressure from the compression chamber by piston (5) towards the cutting space through said channel (13) when the pressure of the gases in the breath chamber thermal age is greater than the gas overpressure in the piston compression chamber. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le clapet (14) est une couronne mobile traversant le fond (4A) de la chambre de soufflage thermique et le plafond (5B) de la chambre de compression par piston, dans lequel le canal d'évacuation (13) a une ouverture qui débouche dans le plafond (5B) de la chambre de compression par piston et dans lequel ladite couronne est plaquée contre l'ouverture du canal d'évacuation sous l'action d'un ressort de rappel (16) travaillant entre la couronne et le fond de la chambre de soufflage thermique.A circuit breaker according to claim 1, in which the valve (14) is a movable ring passing through the bottom (4A) of the blowing chamber thermal and the ceiling (5B) of the piston compression chamber, in which the discharge channel (13) has an opening which opens out in the ceiling (5B) of the piston compression chamber and in which said crown is pressed against the opening of the channel evacuation under the action of a return spring (16) working between the crown and bottom of the thermal blowing chamber. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, dans lequel l'espace de coupure est défini par une buse (3) ayant un divergeant (3B) dans lequel débouche le canal d'évacuation (13).Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 2, in which the space cutoff is defined by a nozzle (3) having a diverging (3B) in which opens the discharge channel (13). Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel le canal d'évacuation (13) est formé dans une paroi de la chambre de soufflage thermique (4).Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the channel discharge (13) is formed in a wall of the blowing chamber thermal (4).
EP02290175A 2001-02-27 2002-01-24 Circuit breaker having and outlet channel for the compression chamber Expired - Lifetime EP1235243B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0102627A FR2821482B1 (en) 2001-02-27 2001-02-27 CIRCUIT BREAKER INCLUDING A PISTON COMPRESSION CHAMBER DRAIN CHANNEL
FR0102627 2001-02-27

Publications (2)

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EP1235243A1 true EP1235243A1 (en) 2002-08-28
EP1235243B1 EP1235243B1 (en) 2010-04-28

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EP02290175A Expired - Lifetime EP1235243B1 (en) 2001-02-27 2002-01-24 Circuit breaker having and outlet channel for the compression chamber

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US (1) US6624371B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1235243B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE466372T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60236122D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2821482B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1863054A1 (en) * 2006-05-29 2007-12-05 ABB Technology AG A puffer circuit breaker with an overpressure valve

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DE502006003878D1 (en) * 2006-04-05 2009-07-16 Abb Research Ltd Switching chamber of a high-voltage switch with a heating volume of variable size
US20070241079A1 (en) * 2006-04-13 2007-10-18 Johnson David S High voltage circuit breaker with re-fill valve
FR2937179A1 (en) 2008-10-09 2010-04-16 Areva T & D Sa BREAKER CHAMBER FOR HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH IMPROVED ARC BLOW
FR2947377B1 (en) 2009-06-29 2011-07-22 Areva T & D Sa DISCHARGE VALVE VALVE FOR DISCHARGING A DIELECTRIC GAS BETWEEN TWO VOLUMES OF A HIGH OR MEDIUM VOLTAGE BREAKER BREAK CHAMBER
JP5389279B2 (en) * 2011-01-07 2014-01-15 三菱電機株式会社 Switchgear
HUE050927T2 (en) * 2017-06-20 2021-01-28 General Electric Technology Gmbh Electric high-voltage circuit breaker
DE102018211621A1 (en) * 2018-07-12 2020-01-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas-insulated switch
EP3944277A4 (en) * 2019-03-19 2023-01-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gas circuit breaker

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US7820933B2 (en) 2006-05-29 2010-10-26 Abb Technology Ag Puffer circuit breaker with an overpressure valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE466372T1 (en) 2010-05-15
FR2821482A1 (en) 2002-08-30
DE60236122D1 (en) 2010-06-10
US6624371B2 (en) 2003-09-23
US20020117475A1 (en) 2002-08-29
FR2821482B1 (en) 2003-04-04
EP1235243B1 (en) 2010-04-28

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