Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
  • A61K8/375—Esters of carboxylic acids the alcohol moiety containing more than one hydroxy group
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/42—Amides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
  • A61K8/731—Cellulose; Quaternized cellulose derivatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/89—Polysiloxanes
  • A61K8/891—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/54—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties
  • A61K2800/542—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties characterized by the charge
  • A61K2800/5426—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties characterized by the charge cationic

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a hair conditioning composition containing a hydrophobically modified cationic cellulose.
• shampooing cleans the hair by removing excess soil and sebum.
• shampooing can leave the hair in a wet, tangled, and generally unmanageable state. Once the hair dries, it is often left in a dry, rough, lusterless, or frizzy condition due to removal of the hair's natural oils and other natural conditioning and moisturizing components.
• the hair can further be left with increased levels of static upon drying, which can interfere with combing and result in a condition commonly referred to as "fly-away hair", or contribute to an undesirable phenomena of "split ends", particularly for long hair.
• Conditioning formulations can be in the form of rinse-off products or leave-on products, and can be in the form of an emulsion, cream, gel, spray, and mousse.
• Such consumers who prefer the conventional conditioner formulations value the relatively higher conditioning effect, or convenience of changing the amount of conditioning depending on the condition of hair or amount of hair.
• a common method of providing conditioning benefit to the hair is through the use of hair conditioning agents such as cationic surfactants and polymers, high melting point fatty compounds, low melting point oils, silicone compounds, and mixtures thereof.
• hair conditioning agents such as cationic surfactants and polymers, high melting point fatty compounds, low melting point oils, silicone compounds, and mixtures thereof.
• Most of these conditioning agents are known to provide various conditioning benefits such as moisturized feel, softness, and static control to the hair , however, are also known to weigh down the hair and provide stickiness or greasy or waxy feeling.
• Hair conditioning compositions comprising the conditioning agent described above, can provide conditioning benefits such as softness and moisturized feel on dry hair, however, also weigh down the hair. The weighed down hair gives an appearance of reduced bulk hair volume. For consumers who desire hair volume-up such as consumers having fine hair, the effect of hair weighing down is not desirable.
• hair volume-up is not equal to fly-away hair. Fly-away hair is due to the increased level of static, and represents volume increase of only very minor amount of the hair as a whole, and is not desirable.
• hair volume-up as used herein relates to increase of the bulk of the hair volume. Consumers having fine hair have the desire to achieve hair volume-up while controlling undesirable fly-away of the hair.
• the present invention is directed to a hair conditioning composition
• a hair conditioning composition comprising by weight: (a) from about 0.1 % to about 5% of a hydrophobically modified cationic cellulose having the following formula: wherein R "1 is an alkyl having from about 8 to about 22 carbons, n is an integer from 1 to about 4,000; x is 0 or an integer from 1 to about 6; y is the level of cationic substitution from 0.1 to 1.0; and having a molecular weight of no more than about 1 ,000,000;
• Fig. 1 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of the Instron Volume Measurement Equipment.
• the hair conditioning composition of the present invention comprises a hydrophobically modified cationic cellulose.
• the hydrophobically modified cationic celluloses herein provides increase in bulk hair volume while not deteriorating conditioning benefits such as fly-away control.
• Hydrophobically modified cationic cellulose is typically included in the hair styling compositions as an antistatic agent, a film former, or a hair fixative. It has been surprisingly found that when hydrophobically modified cationic celluloses is included in the hair conditioning composition, increase in bulk hair volume is significantly improved.
• the hair conditioning composition of the present invention comprises by weight from about 0.1 % to about 5%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 1.0%, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 0.5% of a hydrophobically modified cationic cellulose.
• hydrophobically modified cationic celluloses useful in the present invention are those having the following formula:
• R1 is an alkyl having from about 8 to about 22 carbons, preferably from about 10 to about 18 carbons; n is an integer from 1 to about 4,000, preferably from about 100 to about 1 ,000; x is 0 or an integer from 1 to about 6, preferably from about 1 to about 3; and y is the level of cationic substitution from 0.1 to 1.0.
• the hydrophobically modified cationic celluloses useful in the present invention must have a molecular weight of no more than about 1 ,000,000, preferably from about 250,000 to about 500,000.
• hydrophobically modified cationic celluloses include, for example, the polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryl dimethyl ammonium-substituted epoxide, referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 24, available from Amerchol Corp.
• CTFA lauryl dimethyl ammonium-substituted epoxide
• Hydrophobically modified cationic celluloses of the present invention are compatible with conditioning agents such as high melting point fatty compounds, low melting point fatty compounds, cationic surfactants, cationic polymers, and silicone compounds, which are included in conditioning compositions to provide favorable conditioning and texture.
• conditioning agents such as high melting point fatty compounds, low melting point fatty compounds, cationic surfactants, cationic polymers, and silicone compounds, which are included in conditioning compositions to provide favorable conditioning and texture.
• these hydrophobically modified cationic celluloses can be incorporated into a wide variety of hair conditioning compositions, and, together with the conditioning agents, can provide increase in bulk hair volume in addition to conditioning benefits such as softness, moisturized feel, and fly-away control.
• the hair conditioning composition of the present invention comprises by weight from about 0.01% to about 20% of a conditioning agent.
• the conditioning agent together with the hydrophobically modified cationic cellulose, can provide various conditioning benefits such as softness, moisturized feel, and fly-away control.
• the conditioning agent is selected from the group consisting of high melting point fatty compounds having a melting point of 25°C or higher, low melting point oils having a melting point of less than 25°C, cationic surfactants, cationic polymers, silicone compounds, cationic silicone emulsions and mixtures thereof.
• the conditioning agent comprises a cationic silicone emulsion comprising the silicone compounds and the cationic surfactants.
• the conditioning agent comprises the high melting point fatty compounds and the cationic surfactants, which provide a gel network together with an aqueous carrier.
• the hair conditioning composition of the present invention preferably comprises a high melting point fatty compound.
• the high melting fatty compound together with a cationic surfactant and an aqueous carrier, provide a gel network which is suitable for providing various conditioning benefits such as slippery and slick feel on wet hair, and softness, moisturized feel, and fly-away control on dry hair.
• the high melting point fatty compound useful herein have a melting point of 25°C or higher, and is selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty alcohol derivatives, fatty acid derivatives, and mixtures thereof. It is understood by the artisan that the compounds disclosed in this section of the specification can in some instances fall into more than one classification, e.g., some fatty alcohol derivatives can also be classified as fatty acid derivatives. However, a given classification is not intended to be a limitation on that particular compound, but is done so for convenience of classification and nomenclature. Further, it is understood by the artisan that, depending on the number and position of double bonds, and length and position of the branches, certain compounds having certain required carbon atoms may have a melting point of less than 25°C. Such compounds of low melting point are not intended to be included in this section. Nonlimiting examples of the high melting point compounds are found in International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Fifth
• the high melting point fatty compound can be included in the composition at a level by weight of, preferably from about 0.1% to about 15%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 10%, still more preferably from about 1 % to about 7%.
• the fatty alcohols useful herein are those having from about 14 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms. These fatty alcohols are saturated and can be straight or branched chain alcohols. Nonlimiting examples of fatty alcohols include, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
• the fatty acids useful herein are those having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, and more preferably from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms. These fatty acids are saturated and can be straight or branched chain acids. Also included are diacids, triacids, and other multiple acids which meet the requirements herein. Also included herein are salts of these fatty acids. Nonlimiting examples of fatty acids include lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, sebacic acid, and mixtures thereof.
• the fatty alcohol derivatives and fatty acid derivatives useful herein include alkyl ethers of fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkyl ethers of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, esters of fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters of compounds having esterifiable hydroxy groups, hydroxy-substituted fatty acids, and mixtures thereof.
• Nonlimiting examples of fatty alcohol derivatives and fatty acid derivatives include materials such as methyl stearyl ether; the ceteth series of compounds such as ceteth-1 through ceteth-45, which are ethylene glycol ethers of cetyl alcohol, wherein the numeric designation indicates the number of ethylene glycol moieties present; the steareth series of compounds such as steareth-1 through 10, which are ethylene glycol ethers of steareth alcohol, wherein the numeric designation indicates the number of ethylene glycol moieties present; ceteareth 1 through ceteareth-10, which are the ethylene glycol ethers of ceteareth alcohol, i.e.
• High melting point fatty compounds of a single compound of high purity are preferred.
• Single compounds of pure fatty alcohols selected from the group of pure cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol are highly preferred.
• pure herein, what is meant is that the compound has a purity of at least about 90%, preferably at least about 95%.
• high melting point fatty compounds useful herein include: cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol having tradenames KONOL series available from Shin Nihon Rika (Osaka, Japan), and NAA series available from NOF (Tokyo, Japan); pure behenyl alcohol having tradename 1- DOCOSANOL available from WAKO (Osaka, Japan), various fatty acids having tradenames NEO-FAT available from Akzo (Chicago Illinois, USA), HYSTRENE available from Witco Corp. (Dublin Ohio, USA), and DERMA available from Vevy (Genova, Italy).
• Low melting point oil The low melting point oil useful herein has a melting point of less than
• compositions can be included in the composition at a level by weight of, preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 6%.
• the low melting point oil useful herein is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon having from 10 to about 40 carbon atoms, unsaturated fatty alcohols having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, unsaturated fatty acids having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, fatty acid derivatives, fatty alcohol derivatives, ester oils, poly ⁇ -olefin oils, and mixtures thereof.
• Fatty alcohols useful herein include those having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, and more preferably from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms. These fatty alcohols are unsaturated and can be straight or branched chain alcohols. Suitable fatty alcohols include, for example, oleyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, tridecylalcohol, decyl tetradecyl alcohol, and octyl dodecyl alcohol. These alcohols are available, for example, from Shinnihon Rika.
• Low melting point oils useful herein include pentaerythritol ester oils, trimethylol ester oils, poly ⁇ -olefin oils, citrate ester oils, glyceryl ester oils, and mixtures thereof, and the ester oil useful herein is water-insoluble.
• water-insoluble means the compound is substantially not soluble in water at 25°C; when the compound is mixed with water at a concentration by weight of above 1.0%, preferably at above 0.5%, the compound is temporarily dispersed to form an unstable colloid in water, then is quickly separated from water into two phases.
• Pentaerythritol ester oils useful herein are those having the following formula:
• R ⁇ R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are branched, straight, saturated, or unsaturated alkyl, aryl, and alkylaryl groups having from 1 to about 30 carbons.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 independently, are branched, straight, saturated, or unsaturated alkyl groups having from about 8 to about 22 carbons. More preferably, R ⁇ R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are defined so that the molecular weight of the compound is from about 800 to about 1200.
• Trimethyiol ester oils useful herein are those having the following formula:
• R 11 is an alkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbons
• R 12 , R 13 and R 4 independently, are branched, straight, saturated, or unsaturated alkyl, aryl, and alkylaryl groups having from 1 to about 30 carbons.
• R 11 is ethyl and R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 , independently, are branched, straight, saturated, or unsaturated alkyl groups having from 8 to about 22 carbons. More preferably, R 11 , R 2 , R 3 and R 14 are defined so that the molecular weight of the compound is from about 800 to about 1200.
• pentaerythritol ester oils and trimethyiol ester oils herein include pentaerythritol tetraisostearate, pentaerythritol tetraoleate, trimethylolpropane triisostearate, trimethylolpropane trioleate, and mixtures thereof.
• Such compounds are available from Kokyo Alcohol with tradenames KAKPTI, KAKTTI, and Shin-nihon Rika with tradenames PTO, ENUJERUBU TP3SO.
• Poly ⁇ -olefin oils useful herein are those derived from 1-alkene monomers having from about 6 to about 16 carbons, preferably from about 6 to about 12 carbons atoms.
• 1-alkene monomers useful for preparing the poly ⁇ -olefin oils include 1 -hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1- dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, branched isomers such as 4-methyl-1- pentene, and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred 1-alkene monomers useful for preparing the poly ⁇ -olefin oils are 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1- tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, and mixtures thereof.
• Poly ⁇ -olefin oils useful herein further have a viscosity of from about 1 to about 35,000 cst, a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 60,000, and a polydispersity of no more than about 3.
• Poly ⁇ -olefin oils having a molecular weight of at least about 800 are useful herein. Such high molecular weight poly ⁇ -olefin oils are believed to provide long lasting moisturized feel to the hair. Poly ⁇ -olefin oils having a molecular weight of less than about 800 are useful herein. Such low molecular weight poly ⁇ -olefin oils are believed to provide a smooth, light, clean feel to the hair.
• Particularly useful poly ⁇ -olefin oils herein include polydecenes with tradenames PURESYN 6 having a number average molecular weight of about
• Citrate ester oils useful herein are those having a molecular weight of at least about 500 having the following formula:
• R 2 is OH or CH 3 COO
• R 22 , R 23 , and R 24 independently, are branched, straight, saturated, or unsaturated alkyl, aryl, and alkylaryl groups having from 1 to about 30 carbons.
• R 21 is OH
• R 22 , R 23 , and R 24 independently, are branched, straight, saturated, or unsaturated alkyl, aryl, and alkylaryl groups having from 8 to about 22 carbons. More preferably, R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 are defined so that the molecular weight of the compound is at least about 800.
• citrate ester oils herein include triisocetyl citrate with tradename CITMOL 316 available from Bernel, triisostearyl citrate with tradename PELEMOL TISC available from Phoenix, and trioctyldodecyl citrate with tradename CITMOL 320 available from Bernel.
• Glyceryl ester oils useful herein are those having a molecular weight of at least about 500 and having the following formula: wherein R 41 , R 42 , and R 43 , independently, are branched, straight, saturated, or unsaturated alkyl, aryl, and alkylaryl groups having from 1 to about 30 carbons.
• R 41 , R 42 , and R 43 are branched, straight, saturated, or unsaturated alkyl, aryl, and alkylaryl groups having from 8 to about 22 carbons.
• R 41 , R 42 , and R 43 are defined so that the molecular weight of the compound is at least about 800.
• Particularly useful glyceryl ester oils herein include triisostearin with tradename
• the hair conditioning composition of the present invention preferably comprises a cationic surfactant.
• the cationic surfactant together with a high melting point fatty compound and an aqueous carrier, provide a gel network which is suitable for providing various conditioning benefits such as slippery and slick feel on wet hair, and softness, moisturized feel, and fly-away control on dry hair.
• the cationic surfactant useful herein is any known to the artisan, and can be included in the composition at a level by weight of, preferably from about 0.1 % to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 8%, still more preferably from about 0.5 to about 3%.
• cationic surfactants useful herein are those corresponding to the general formula (I):
• R ⁇ , R2, R3, and R 4 is selected from an aliphatic group of from 8 to 30 carbon atoms or an aromatic, alkoxy, polyoxyalkylene, alkylamido, hydroxyalkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to about 22 carbon atoms, the remainder of R 1 , R2, R3, and R 4 are independently selected from an aliphatic group of from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms or an aromatic, alkoxy, polyoxyalkylene, alkylamido, hydroxyalkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to about 22 carbon atoms; and X is a salt-forming anion such as those selected from halogen, (e.g.
• the aliphatic groups can contain, in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms, ether linkages, and other groups such as amino groups.
• the longer chain aliphatic groups e.g., those of about 12 carbons, or higher, can be saturated or unsaturated.
• Nonlimiting examples of cationic surfactants useful in the present invention include the materials having the following CTFA designations: quaternium-8, quatemium-14, quatemium-18, quatemium-18 methosulfate, quatemium-24, and mixtures thereof.
• cationic surfactants of general formula (I) preferred are those containing in the molecule at least one alkyl chain having at least 16 carbons.
• preferred cationic surfactants include: behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride available, for example, with tradename INCROQUAT TMC-80 from Croda and ECONOL TM22 from Sanyo Kasei; cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride available, for example, with tradename CA-2350 from Nikko Chemicals, hydrogenated tallow alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dialkyl (14-18) dimethyl ammonium chloride, ditallow alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dihydrogenated tallow alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(behenyl/arachidyl) dimethyl ammonium chloride, dibehenyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl dimethyl benz
• hydrophilically substituted cationic surfactants in which at least one of the substituents contain one or more aromatic, ether, ester, amido, or amino moieties present as substituents or as linkages in the radical chain, wherein at least one of the R1 - R 4 radicals contain one or more hydrophilic moieties selected from alkoxy (preferably C-
• the hydrophilically substituted cationic conditioning surfactant contains from 2 to about 10 nonionic hydrophile moieties located within the above stated ranges.
• Preferred hydrophilically substituted cationic surfactants include those of the formula (II) through (VIII) below:
• n is from 8 to about 28, x+y is from 2 to about 40, ⁇ 1 is a short chain alkyl, preferably a C-
• R 5 , R6, and R 7 are independently an C-
• z2 is an alkyl, preferably a C-
• R13 is a hydrocarbyl, preferably a C-
• Z 4 and Z 5 are, independently, short chain hydrocarbyls, preferably C2 - C4 alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably ethyl
• a is from 2 to about 40, preferably from about 7 to about 30, and
• X is a salt forming anion as defined above;
• R 14 and R15 independently, are C-) - C3 alkyl, preferably methyl
• Z 6 is a C-12 - C22 hydrocarbyl, alkyl carboxy or alkylamido
• A is a protein, preferably a collagen, keratin, milk protein, silk, soy protein, wheat protein, or hydrolyzed forms thereof
• X is a salt forming anion as defined above;
• Nonlimiting examples of hydrophilically substituted cationic surfactants useful in the present invention include the materials having the following CTFA designations: quaternium-16, quaternium-26, quaternium-27, quatemium-30, quaternium-33, quaternium-43, quatemium-52, quatemium-53, quaternium-56, quatemium-60, quaternium-61 , quatemium-62, quatemium-70, quatemium-71 , quatemium-72, quaternium-75, quatemium-76 hydrolyzed collagen, quatemium-77, quatemium- 78, quaternium-79 hydrolyzed collagen, quaternium-79 hydrolyzed keratin, quaternium-79 hydrolyze
• hydrophilically substituted cationic surfactants include dialkylamido ethyl hydroxyethylmonium salt, dialkylamidoethyl dimonium salt, dialkyloyl ethyl hydroxyethylmonium salt, dialkyloyl ethyldimonium salt, and mixtures thereof; for example, commerically available under the following tradenames; VARISOFT 110, VARIQUAT K1215 and 638 from Witco Chemical, MACKPRO KLP, MACKPRO WLW, MACKPRO MLP, MACKPRO NSP, MACKPRO NLW, MACKPRO WWP, MACKPRO NLP, MACKPRO SLP from Mclntyre, ETHOQUAD 18/25, ETHOQUAD O/12PG, ETHOQUAD C/25, ETHOQUAD S/25, and ETHODUOQUAD from Akzo, DEHYQUAT SP from Henkei, and ATLAS G265 from ICI Americas.
• Salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary fatty amines are also suitable cationic surfactants.
• the alkyl groups of such amines preferably have from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, and can be substituted or unsubstituted.
• Particularly useful are amidoamines of the following general formula:
• Preferred amidoamine useful in the present invention includes stearamidopropyldimethylamine, stearamidopropyldiethylamine, stearamidoethyldiethylamine, stearamidoethyldimethylamine, palmitamidopropyldimethylamine, palmitamidopropyldiethylamine, palmitamidoethyldiethylamine, palmitamidoethyldimethylamine, behenamidopropyldimethylamine, behenamidopropyldiethylamine, behenamidoethyldiethylamine, behenamidoethyldimethylamine, arachidamidopropyldimethylamine, arachidamidopropyldiethylamine, arachidamidoethyldiethylamine, arachidamidoethyldimethylamine, and mixtures thereof; more preferably stearamidopropy
• amidoamines herein are preferably used in combination with acids selected from the group consisting of L-glutamic acid, lactic acid, hydrochloric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, L-glutamic acid hydrochloride, tartaric acid, and mixtures thereof; preferably L-glutamic acid, lactic acid, hydrochloric acid, and mixtures thereof.
• the mole ratio of amidoamine to acid is from about 1 :0.3 to about 1 :1 , more preferably from about 1 :0.5 to about 1 :0.9.
• the cationic polymer can be included in the composition at a level by weight of, preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 8%, still more preferably from about 0.5 to about 3%.
• polymer shall include materials whether made by polymerization of one type of monomer or made by two (i.e., copolymers) or more types of monomers.
• the cationic polymer is a water-soluble cationic polymer.
• water soluble cationic polymer what is meant is a polymer which is sufficiently soluble in water to form a substantially clear solution to the naked eye at a concentration of 0.1 % in water (distilled or equivalent) at 25°C.
• the preferred polymer will be sufficiently soluble to form a substantially clear solution at 0.5% concentration, more preferably at 1.0% concentration.
• the cationic polymers hereof will generally have a weight average molecular weight which is at least about 5,000, typically at least about 10,000, and is less than about 10 million. Preferably, the molecular weight is from about 100,000 to about 2 million.
• the cationic polymers will generally have cationic nitrogen-containing moieties such as quaternary ammonium or cationic amino moieties, and mixtures thereof.
• the cationic charge density is preferably at least about 0.1 meq/gram, more preferably at least about 1.5 meq/gram, even more preferably at least about 1.1 meq/gram, still more preferably at least about 1.2 meq/gram.
• Cationic charge density of the cationic polymer can be determined according to the Kjeldahl Method. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the charge density of amino-containing polymers may vary depending upon pH and the isoelectric point of the amino groups. The charge density should be within the above limits at the pH of intended use. Any anionic counterions can be utilized for the cationic polymers so long as the water solubility criteria is met.
• Suitable counterions include halides (e.g., Cl, Br, I, or F, preferably Cl, Br, or I), sulfate, and methylsulfate. Others can also be used, as this list is not exclusive.
• the cationic nitrogen-containing moiety will be present generally as a substituent, on a fraction of the total monomer units of the cationic hair conditioning polymers.
• the cationic polymer can comprise copolymers, terpolymers, etc. of quaternary ammonium or cationic amine-substituted monomer units and other non-cationic units referred to herein as spacer monomer units.
• Suitable cationic polymers include, for example, copolymers of vinyl monomers having cationic amine or quaternary ammonium functionalities with water soluble spacer monomers such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkyl and dialkyl acrylamides, alkyl and dialkyl methacrylamides, alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, vinyl caprolactone, and vinyl pyrrolidone.
• the alkyl and dialkyl substituted monomers preferably have C-
• Other suitable spacer monomers include vinyl esters, vinyl alcohol (made by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate), maleic anhydride, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol.
• the cationic amines can be primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, depending upon the particular species and the pH of the composition. In general, secondary and tertiary amines, especially tertiary amines, are preferred.
• Amine-substituted vinyl monomers can be polymerized in the amine form, and then optionally can be converted to ammonium by a quaternization reaction.
• Amines can also be similarly quaternized subsequent to formation of the polymer.
• tertiary amine functionalities can be quaternized by reaction with a salt of the formula R'X wherein R' is a short chain alkyl, preferably a C-
• Suitable cationic amino and quaternary ammonium monomers include, for example, vinyl compounds substituted with dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, monoalkylaminoalkyl acrylate, monoalkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, trialkyl methacryloxyalkyl ammonium salt, trialkyl acryloxyalkyl ammonium salt, diallyl quaternary ammonium salts, and vinyl quaternary ammonium monomers having cyclic cationic nitrogen-containing rings such as pyridinium, imidazolium, and quaternized pyrrolidone, e.g., alkyl vinyl imidazolium, alkyl vinyl pyridinium, alkyl vinyl pyrrolidone salts.
• the alkyl portions of these monomers are preferably lower alkyls such as the C-
• Suitable amine-substituted vinyl monomers for use herein include dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide, and dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylamide, wherein the alkyl groups are preferably C-
• the cationic polymers hereof can comprise mixtures of monomer units derived from amine- and/or quaternary ammonium-substituted monomer and/or compatible spacer monomers.
• Suitable cationic hair conditioning polymers include, for example: copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium salt (e.g., chloride salt) (referred to in the industry by the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, "CTFA", as Polyquaternium-16), such as those commercially available from BASF Wyandotte Corp.
• cationic polymers that can be used include polysaccharide polymers, such as cationic cellulose derivatives and cationic starch derivatives.
• Cationic polysaccharide polymer materials suitable for use herein include those of the formula:
• A is an anhydroglucose residual group, such as a starch or cellulose anhydroglucose residual
• R is an alkylene oxyalkylene, polyoxyalkylene, or hydroxyalkylene group, or combination thereof
• R1 , R 2 , and R3 independently are alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxyaryl groups, each group containing up to about 18 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms for each cationic moiety (i.e., the sum of carbon atoms in R 1 , R 2 and R3) preferably being about 20 or less
• X is an anionic counterion, as previously described.
• Cationic cellulose that can be used as a cationic polymer is different from the species disclosed above under the title "Hydrophobically modified cationic cellulose".
• the cationic cellulose useful herein is available from Amerchol Corp. (Edison, NJ, USA) in their Polymer JR® and LR® series of polymers, as salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide, referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquatemium 10.
• cationic polymers that can be used include cationic guar gum derivatives, such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride (commercially available from Celanese Corp. in their Jaguar R series).
• Other materials include quaternary nitrogen-containing cellulose ethers (e.g., as described in U.S. Patent 3,962,418, incorporated herein by reference), and copolymers of etherified cellulose and starch (e.g., as described in U.S.
• Silicone compound can be included in the composition at a level by weight of, preferably from about 0.1 % to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 8%, still more preferably from about 0.5% to about 3%.
• the silicone compounds hereof can include volatile soluble or insoluble, or nonvolatile soluble or insoluble silicone conditioning agents.
• soluble what is meant is that the silicone compound is miscible with the carrier of the composition so as to form part of the same phase.
• insoluble what is meant is that the silicone forms a separate, discontinuous phase from the carrier, such as in the form of an emulsion or a suspension of droplets of the silicone.
• the silicone compounds herein may be made by conventional polymerization, or emulsion polymerization.
• the silicone compounds for use herein will preferably have a viscosity of from about 1 ,000 to about 2,000,000 centistokes at 25°C, more preferably from about 10,000 to about 1 ,800,000, and even more preferably from about 25,000 to about 1 ,500,000.
• the viscosity can be measured by means of a glass capillary viscometer as set forth in Dow Corning Corporate Test Method CTM0004, July 20, 1970, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
• Silicone compound of high molecular weight may be made by emulsion polymerization.
• Silicone compounds useful herein include polyalkyl polyaryl siloxanes, polyalkyleneoxide-modified siloxanes, silicone resins, amino-substituted siloxanes, and mixtures thereof.
• the silicone compound is preferably selected from the group consisting of polyalkyl polyaryl siloxanes, polyalkyleneoxide- modified siloxanes, silicone resins, and mixtures thereof, and more preferably from one or more polyalkyl polyaryl siloxanes.
• Polyalkyl polyaryl siloxanes useful here in include those with the following structure (I)
• R is alkyl or aryl
• x is an integer from about 7 to about 8,000.
• A represents groups which block the ends of the silicone chains.
• the alkyl or aryl groups substituted on the siloxane chain (R) or at the ends of the siloxane chains (A) can have any structure as long as the resulting silicone remains fluid at room temperature, is dispersible, is neither irritating, toxic nor otherwise harmful when applied to the hair, is compatible with the other components of the composition, is chemically stable under normal use and storage conditions, and is capable of being deposited on and conditions the hair.
• Suitable A groups include hydroxy, methyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and aryloxy.
• the two R groups on the silicon atom may represent the same group or different groups.
• the two R groups represent the same group.
• Suitable R groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, phenyl, methylphenyl and phenyimethyl.
• the preferred silicone compounds are polydimethylsiloxane, polydiethylsiloxane, and polymethylphenylsiioxane. Polydimethylsiloxane, which is also known as dimethicone, is especially preferred.
• the polyalkylsiloxanes that can be used include, for example, polydimethylsiloxanes. These silicone compounds are available, for example, from the General Electric Company in their ViscasilR and SF 96 series, and from Dow Corning in their Dow Corning 200 series. Polymethylphenylsiloxanes, for example, from the General Electric Company as SF 1075 methyl phenyl fluid or from Dow Corning as 556 Cosmetic Grade Fluid, are useful herein.
• highly arylated silicone compounds such as highly phenylated polyethyl silicone having refractive index of about 1.46 or higher, especially about 1.52 or higher.
• a spreading agent such as a surfactant or a silicone resin
• silicone gum Another polyalkyl polyaryl siloxane that can be especially useful is a silicone gum.
• silicone gum means a polyorganosiloxane material having a viscosity at 25°C of greater than or equal to 1 ,000,000 centistokes.
• silicone gums described herein can also have some overlap with the above-disclosed silicone compounds. This overlap is not intended as a limitation on any of these materials. Silicone gums are described by Petrarch, and others including U.S. Patent No. 4,152,416, to Spitzer et al., issued May 1 , 1979 and Noll, Walter, Chemistry and Technology of Silicones, New York: Academic Press 1968. Also describing silicone gums are General Electric Silicone Rubber Product Data Sheets SE 30, SE 33, SE 54 and SE 76. All of these described references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The "silicone gums" will typically have a mass molecular weight in excess of about 200,000, generally between about 200,000 and about 1 ,000,000.
• polydimethylsiloxane polydimethylsiloxane methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer
• polydimethylsiloxane diphenylsiloxane methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer and mixtures thereof.
• Polyalkyleneoxide-modified siloxanes useful herein include, for example, polypropylene oxide modified and polyethylene oxide modified polydimethylsiloxane.
• the ethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide level should be sufficiently low so as not to interfere with the dispersibility characteristics of the silicone. These material are also known as dimethicone copolyols.
• Silicone resins, which are highly crosslinked polymeric siloxane systems, are useful herein. The crosslinking is introduced through the incorporation of tri- functional and tetra-functional silanes with mono-functional or di-functional, or both, silanes during manufacture of the silicone resin.
• silicone materials which have a sufficient level of trifunctional and tetrafunctional siloxane monomer units, and hence, a sufficient level of crosslinking, such that they dry down to a rigid, or hard, film are considered to be silicone resins.
• the ratio of oxygen atoms to silicon atoms is indicative of the level of crosslinking in a particular silicone material.
• Silicone materials which have at least about 1.1 oxygen atoms per silicon atom will generally be silicone resins herein.
• the ratio of oxyge silicon atoms is at least about 1.2:1.0.
• Silanes used in the manufacture of silicone resins include monomethyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-, monophenyl-, diphenyl-, methylphenyl-, monovinyl-, and methylvinylchlorosilanes, and tetrachlorosilane, with the methyl substituted silanes being most commonly utilized.
• Preferred resins are offered by General Electric as GE SS4230 and SS4267.
• Commercially available silicone resins will generally be supplied in a dissolved form in a low viscosity volatile or nonvolatile silicone fluid.
• the silicone resins for use herein should be supplied and incorporated into the present compositions in such dissolved form, as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the silicone resins can enhance deposition of other silicone compounds on the hair and can enhance the glossiness of hair with high refractive index volumes.
• silicone resin powders such as the material given the CTFA designation polymethyisilsequioxane, which is commercially available as Tospearl ⁇ M f rom Toshiba Silicones.
• Silicone resins can conveniently be identified according to a shorthand nomenclature system well known to those skilled in the art as the "MDTQ" nomenclature. Under this system, the silicone is described according to the presence of various siloxane monomer units which make up the silicone. Briefly, the symbol M denotes the mono-functional unit (CH3)3SiO).5; D denotes the difunctional unit (CH3)2SiO; T denotes the trifunctional unit (CH3)SiO-
• M', D', T, and Q' denote substituents other than methyl, and must be specifically defined for each occurrence.
• Typical alternate substituents include groups such as vinyl, phenyl, amino, hydroxyl, etc.
• the molar ratios of the various units either in terms of subscripts to the symbols indicating the total number of each type of unit in the silicone, or an average thereof, or as specifically indicated ratios in combination with molecular weight, complete the description of the silicone material under the MDTQ system.
• Higher relative molar amounts of T, Q, T' and/or Q' to D, D', M and/or or M' in a silicone resin is indicative of higher levels of crosslinking.
• the overall level of crosslinking can also be indicated by the oxygen to silicon ratio.
• the silicone resins for use herein which are preferred are MQ, MT, MTQ, MQ and MDTQ resins.
• the preferred silicone substituent is methyl.
• MQ resins wherein the M:Q ratio is from about 0.5:1.0 to about 1.5:1.0 and the average molecular weight of the resin is from about 1000 to about 10,000.
• Amino-substituted siloxanes useful herein include those represented by the following structure (II)
• R is CH3 or OH
• x and y are integers which depend on the molecular weight, the average molecular weight being approximately between 5,000 and 10,000.
• This polymer is also known as "amodimethicone”.
• Suitable amino-substituted siloxane fluids include those represented by the formula (III)
• R2 is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, a saturated hydrocarbon radical, preferably an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and A " denotes a halide ion.
• n and m are selected depending on the molecular weight of the compound desired.
• R denotes a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl or alkenyl radical such as methyl
• R4 denotes a hydrocarbon radical, preferably a C-j - C-
• Q " is a halide ion, preferably chloride
• r denotes an average statistical value from 2 to 20, preferably from 2 to 8
• s denotes an average statistical value from 20 to 200, and preferably from 20 to 50.
• a preferred polymer of this class is available from Union Carbide under the name "UCAR SILICONE ALE 56.”
• Cationic silicone emulsion The hair conditioning composition of the present invention preferably comprises a cationic silicone emulsion as one of the conditioning agents, which is suitable for increasing in bulk hair volume while not deteriorating conditioning benefits such as fly-away control.
• the cationic silicone emulsion herein is a pre- dispersed stable emulsion, and comprises a cationic surfactant and a silicone compound.
• the cationic surfactant is present in the silicone emulsion, and not just in the bulk of the composition.
• cationic surfactant and the silicone compound which is useful for comprising the silicone emulsion herein are selected from the species disclosed above under the titles "Cationic surfactant” and "Silicone compound”.
• the cationic silicone emulsion comprises, by weight of the cationic silicone emulsion, preferably from about 1 % to about 20%, more preferably from about 2% to about 8%, of the cationic surfactant; and an emulsifiable amount of the silicone compound, preferably from about 0.1% to about 70%, more preferably from about 5% to about 60%, of the silicone compound.
• the amount of silicone compound to the entire composition is preferably from about 0.1 % to about 10% by weight.
• the cationic silicone emulsion can be included in the composition at a level by weight of, preferably from about 0.1% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%.
• the cationic silicone emulsion can be made by any convenient method known in the art.
• the cationic silicone emulsion may be made by mechanical emulsification by taking a polysiloxane polymer and emulsifying it in water in the presence of at least one emulsifying agent using mechanical means such as agitation, shaking and homogenization.
• the emulsifying agent can be the cationic surfactant comprised in the cationic silicone emulsion, or other suitable surfactant.
• Mechanical emulsification may require use of two or more surfactants, and two or more mixing processes using different surfactants. Two or more types of silicone compounds, such as a highly viscous silicone compound and a low viscosity silicone compound, may be used.
• One particularly preferred process for obtaining the cationic silicone emulsion of the present invention via mechanical emulsification is through the process disclosed in EP Publication 460.683A, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• the emulsion is prepared by combining the polysiloxane, water, and a primary nonionic surfactant having an HLB value of 15-19 to form a first mixture, adding to the first mixture a co-surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonionic, cationic and anionic surfactants having an HLB value of 1.8-15 to form a second mixture and mixing the second mixture at a temperature of about 40°C, until the particle size of the polysiloxane in the emulsion is less than about three hundred nanometers.
• the cationic silicone emulsion herein may be made by emulsion polymerization.
• An emulsion polymerization process includes taking a polysiloxane monomer and/or oligomer and emulsifying it in water in the presence of a catalyst to form the polysiloxane polymer. It is understood that unreacted monomers and oligomers may remain in an emulsion polymerized silicone emulsion.
• One particularly preferred process for obtaining the cationic silicone emulsion of the present invention via emulsion polymerization is through the process disclosed in GB application 2,303,857, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• This reference discloses a process for making stable cationic silicone oil-in-water emulsion comprising: 1) blending a mixture of silicones selected from the group consisting of cyclic silicone oligomers, mixed silicone hydrolyzates, silanol stopped oligomers, high molecular weight silicone polymers, and functionalized silicones with 2) water, and 3) an anionic surfactant; 4) heating the blend to a temperature ranging from about 75 to about 98°C for a period of time ranging from about 1 hours to about 5 hours; 5) cooling the heated blend to a temperature ranging from 0 to about 25°C for a period of time ranging from about 3 hours to about 24 hours; 6) adding a compatibilizing surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonionic surfactant having an HLB ratio greater than 9; and 7) adding a cationic surfactant.
• the silicone compound in the cationic silicone emulsion has a particle size of less than about 50 microns, more preferably from about 0.2 to about 2.5 microns, still more preferably from about 0.2 to about 0.5 microns.
• the particle size of the silicone compound is believed to affect the deposition of the silicone compound on the hair.
• the particle size of the silicone compound is determined based on the desired deposition and uniformity of distribution of the silicone compound.
• the silicone particle size herein is measured by a laser analyzing equipment using Coulter Model N4SD available from Coulter Electronics, Inc. (Hialeah, FL, U.S.A.) using a spectrophotometer containing a Laser 4mW helium neon (632.8nm) and RS-232C serial interface. The particle size is analyzed via unimodal fit.
• composition of the present invention comprises an aqueous carrier.
• level and species of the carrier are selected according to the compatibility with other components, and other desired characteristic of the product.
• the carrier useful in the present invention include water and water solutions of lower alkyl alcohols and polyhydric alcohols.
• the lower alkyl alcohol useful herein are monohydric alcohols having 1 to 6 carbons, more preferably ethanol and isopropanol.
• the polyhydric alcohols useful herein include propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerin, and propane diol.
• the aqueous carrier is substantially water.
• Deionized water is preferably used.
• Water from natural sources including mineral cations can also be used, depending on the desired characteristic of the product.
• the compositions of the present invention comprise from about 20% to about 95%, preferably from about 30% to about 92%, and more preferably from about 50% to about 90% water.
• composition of the present invention may include other additional components, which may be selected by the artisan according to the desired characteristics of the final product and which are suitable for rendering the composition more cosmetically or aesthetically acceptable or to provide them with additional usage benefits.
• additional components generally are used individually at levels of from about 0.001 % to about 10%, preferably up to about 5% by weight of the composition.
• compositions can be formulated into the present compositions. These include: other conditioning agents such as hydrolysed collagen with tradename Peptein 2000 available from Hormel, vitamin
• Polyethylene glycol can also be used as a additional component.
• the polyethylene glycols useful herein that are especially preferred are PEG-2M wherein n has an average value of about 2,000 (PEG-2M is also known as Polyox WSR® N-10 from Union Carbide and as PEG-2,000); PEG-5M wherein n has an average value of about 5,000 (PEG-5M is also known as Polyox WSR® N-35 and as Polyox WSR® N-80, both from Union Carbide and as PEG-5,000 and Polyethylene Glycol 300,000); PEG-7M wherein n has an average value of about 7,000 (PEG-7M is also known as Polyox WSR® N-750 from Union Carbide); PEG-9M wherein n has an average value of about 9,000 (PEG-9M is also known as Polyox WSR® N-3333 from Union Carbide); and PEG-14M wherein n has an average value of about 14,000 (PEG-14M is also known as Polyox WSR
• Polypropylene glycol can also be used as a additional component.
• the polypropylene glycol useful herein is readily available from, for example, Sanyo Kasei (Osaka, Japan) as New pol PP-2000, New pol PP-4000, New pol GP- 4000, and New pol SP-4000, from Dow Chemicals (Midland, Michigan, USA), from Calgon Chemical, Inc. (Skokie, Illinois, USA), from Arco Chemical Co. (Newton Square Pennsylvania, USA), from Witco Chemicals Corp. (Greenwich, Connecticut, USA), and from PPG Specialty Chemicals (Gurnee, Illinois, USA).
• Sanyo Kasei Osaka, Japan
• New pol PP-2000 New pol PP-4000
• New pol GP- 4000 New pol SP-4000
• Dow Chemicals Modland, Michigan, USA
• Calgon Chemical, Inc. Skokie, Illinois, USA
• Arco Chemical Co. Newton Square Pennsylvania,
• the Instron Volume Measurement Method is designed to analyze a bulk hair volume of a hair sample by Volume Index which is calculated from a tensile work when the hair sample is pulled up and goes through a ring hole.
• the tensile work correlates with bulk hair volume, as more tensile work should be needed in proportion to increase in bulk hair volume when the hair sample is pulled up and goes through the ring hole having a fixed diameter.
• the hair conditioning compositions of the present invention provide a significant, noticeable increase in the bulk hair volume. This increase in the bulk hair volume is assessed by Volume Index, and the hair conditioning composition of the present invention has a Volume Index of 20 or greater, preferably 25 or greater, more preferably 30 or greater, as measured by the method described below.
• increase in the bulk hair volume is not equal to fly-away hair. Fly-away hair is due to the increased level of static, and represents volume increase of only very minor amount of the hair as a whole, and is not desirable. On the other hand, increase in the bulk hair volume as used herein relates to volume increase of the hair as a whole while controlling fly-away of the hair.
• Fig. 1 shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of the Instron Volume Measurement Equipment useful herein.
• the Instron Volume Measurement Equipment consists of Mini Instron tensile tester MN 55 with Merlin Profiler soft ware (hereinafter tensile tester; available from Instron Computer), 1 , and a stage, 6.
• the tensile tester, 1 comprises an Instron load cell, 2, a string, 3, and a sample holder, 4.
• the sample holder, 4, is typically a clip or clamp which stably suspends a hair sample, 7.
• the stage, 6, has a ring hole, 5, in the center.
• the tensile tester, 1 measures a tensile strength when the hair sample, 7, goes through the ring hole, 5, by pulled up by the Instron load cell, 2, with the string, 3, and the sample holder, 4.
• the stage, 6, has an adequate height so that the hair sample, 7, does not touch the base when the hair sample is placed on the sample holder, 4.
• the ring hole, 5, has an adequate diameter to measure the tensile strength, for example, in this embodiment, the ring hole of the stage has a diameter of 35mm.
• this equipment should be located away from air currents or other forces which would disturb the hair sample, and is in a controlled temperature and humidity environment, so as to ensure repeatable results.
• the hair sample, 7, typically consists of 20 cm (8 g) straight brown Caucasian hair switches (available from International Hair Importers & products Inc. of Bellerose, New York, USA).
• the hair volume increase benefits of the present invention are applicable to all types of hair samples. Further, it has been shown that the results achieved with hair samples are comparable to the results achieved during actual use on people.
• the hair sample, 7, is prepared as follows: For initial hair samples
• For conditioning apply 0.1ml sample conditioner per 1g hair for 30 seconds, comb for 15 seconds, and rinse for 30 seconds. 6) Squeeze off excess water from the hair sample and make the hair sample flat rectangular shape.
• the sample shampoo used herein is Prell shampoo (current commercial non-conditioning shampoo marketed in the U.S.) or the shampoo composition of "Shamp. 1" described in Examples.
• the sample conditioner used herein is one of the conditioning composition of "Cond. 1" through “Cond. 7" described in Examples.
• the same hair sample is first measured as an "initial hair sample”, and then measured as a "treated hair sample", both initial and treated hair sample are prepared according to the procedure described above.
• a hair sample (either initial or treated) is prepared, the hair sample is combed through 7 times, and then fixed in the sample holder, 4, through the ring hole, 5, of the stage, 6. The distance from the sample holder, 4, to the ring hole, 5, should be the same for each measurement.
• the Instron load cell, 2 moves up to an adequate height from the base, the hair sample, 7, is pulled up by the Instron load cell, 2, through the string, 3, and the sample holder, 4 (pulling speed: 4mm/sec).
• the hair sample goes through the ring hole, 5.
• a tensile strength is measured by Merlin Profiler Software, when the hair sample goes through the ring hole, 5.
• the measurement is repeated three times for a hair sample (either initial or treated), and 3 hair samples are used for the same treatment using the same shampoo and/or the same conditioner. Therefore a total of nine measurement for treated hair samples and a total of nine measurement for initial hair samples are conducted for the same treatment.
• the data of the tensile strength is transferred into a computer to calculating a tensile work for an adequate distance, preferably for the first 8 cm of the hair sample.
• the above actual tensile work data( ⁇ t re atment) are converted into Volume Index, based on the tensile work data obtained for the top volume control treatment ( ⁇ top volume) and for the bottom volume control treatment ( ⁇ o ttom volume)-
• the top volume control treatment is a treatment, which is below described in Examples as “Treat. 1", using Prell shampoo (current commercial non- conditioning shampoo marketed in the U.S.) without any conditioner.
• the bottom volume control treatment is a treatment, which is below described in Examples as “Treat. 2", using a shampoo and a conditioner both below described in Examples as “Shamp. 1" and “Cond. 1".
• the conversion is done using the following equations:
• compositions of the present invention are suitable for rinse-off products and leave-on products, and are particularly useful for making products in the form of emulsion, cream, gel, spray or, mousse.
• “Shamp. 1” is a shampoo composition used for treatment for calculating Volume Index.
• “Cond. 1” is a hair conditioning composition used for treatment for calculating Volume Index.
• Cond. 2 through “Cond. 7” are hair conditioning compositions of the present invention which are particularly useful for rinse-off use.
• “Treat. 1” is the top volume control treatment, using Prell (current commercial non conditioning shampoo marketed in the U.S.) without conditioner application, for calculating Volume Index.
• Treat. 2 is the bottom volume control treatment, using a shampoo ("Shamp. 1") and a conditioner without hydrophobically modified cationic cellulose ("Cond. 1”), for calculating Volume Index.
• Treatments 3 and 8 are treatments using the same shampoo ("Shamp. 1 ") and different conditioners ("Cond. 2" through “Cond. 7") of the present invention, for calculating Volume Index.
• ⁇ -Glutamic Acid ⁇ -Glutamic acid (cosmetic grade) available from Ajinomoto. *10 Polypropylene glycol: New pol PP-2000 available from Sanyo Kasei.
• Citric Acid Anhydrous Citric acid available from Haarman & Reimer.
• the shampoo composition of "Shamp. 1" as shown above can be prepared by any conventional method well known in the art. Suitable methods are described below.
• Polymers and surfactants are dispersed in water to form a homogenous mixture. To this mixture are added the other ingredients except for perfume and salt; the obtained mixture is agitated. The obtained mixture is then passed through a heat exchanger to cool, and then, perfume and salt are added. The obtained compositions are poured into bottles to make hair shampoo compositions. Alternatively, water and surfactants and any other solids that need to be melted can be mixed together at elevated temperature, e.g., above about 70°C, to speed the mixing into shampoo. Additional ingredients can be added either to this hot premix or after cooling the premix. The ingredients are mixed thoroughly at the elevated temperature and then pumped through a high shear mill and then through a heat exchanger to cool them to ambient temperature.
• elevated temperature e.g., above about 70°C
• the hair conditioning compositions of "Cond. 1" through “Cond. 7" as shown above can be prepared by any conventional method well known in the art. They are suitably made as follows: If included in the composition, polymeric materials such as hydrophobically modified cationic cellulose and polyethylene glycol are dispersed in water at room temperature to make a polymer solution, and heated up to above 70°C. Amidoamine and acid, or other cationic conditioning agents, and if present, ester oil of low melting point oil are added in the solution with agitation.
• high melting point fatty compound and if present, other low melting point oils and benzyl alcohol are also added in the solution with agitation.
• the mixture thus obtained is cooled down to below 60°C, and if present, the remaining components such as cationic silicone emulsion are added with agitation, and further cooled down to about 30°C.
• a triblender and/or mill can be used in each step, if necessary to disperse the materials.

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