EP1232544A1 - Brush assembly for an electric machine - Google Patents
Brush assembly for an electric machineInfo
- Publication number
- EP1232544A1 EP1232544A1 EP01964857A EP01964857A EP1232544A1 EP 1232544 A1 EP1232544 A1 EP 1232544A1 EP 01964857 A EP01964857 A EP 01964857A EP 01964857 A EP01964857 A EP 01964857A EP 1232544 A1 EP1232544 A1 EP 1232544A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- brush
- spring
- insulation element
- brushes
- arrangement according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
- H01R39/26—Solid sliding contacts, e.g. carbon brush
- H01R39/27—End caps on carbon brushes to transmit spring pressure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/38—Brush holders
- H01R39/381—Brush holders characterised by the application of pressure to brush
Definitions
- a brush assembly for an electric machine designed as a starter is known according to the type referred to in the preamble of claim 1.
- This brush arrangement serves to supply the rotor of the starter motor operated with direct current with electrical energy via a commutator.
- the known brush arrangement is connected via a busbar to the positive pole of a starter battery.
- This busbar is led from the outside through a rubber seal into the interior of the machine. Via two arms of this busbar, a plus brush is contacted via a wire connected to the busbar. In a similar way, the two minus brushes are contacted via two strands with a sheet connected to ground.
- Each of the four brushes is arranged in a brush holder and in this brush holder is displaceable in the radial direction with respect to the commutator.
- Each brush has a contact side with which the brush rests on the commutator and thus on the fins. Opposite the contact side in the radial direction is the back of the brush, on which a spring is supported. This spring is in turn their side facing away from the commutator in the brush holder. This spring ensures sufficient electrical contact of the brush on the commutator.
- the brush arrangement according to the invention for an electrical machine with the features of the main claim has the advantage that the poor operating conditions for the spring are avoided in the event of misuse of the starter.
- the heat transfer to the spring is at least impeded in the insulation element arranged between the end of the at least one brush directed towards the spring and an end of the spring directed towards the at least one brush, as a result of which the heat transferred from the brush is increasingly passed on to the braid. While a highly heated brush can transfer the heat to the spring almost unhindered without an insulation element and this leads to inadmissibly high spring temperatures, which result in the spring being set, the heat transfer between the brush and inhibited by the spring.
- the spring is kept within a lower temperature level so that there are no significant changes in the spring material that could lead to a decrease in the spring force.
- the contact pressure or contact pressure of the brushes on the commutator is maintained, the tendency towards brush fire and arcing decreases rapidly.
- the temperature level in the area of the commutator or the brush arrangement is reduced and a fire risk is minimized.
- the insulation element has a plate area which separates the spring and the brush and is separated from other functional areas, then only by dimensioning the plate area can the dimensions of the permissible amount of heat to be transferred per unit of time be measured with relative accuracy.
- the insulation element has a clamping area on the side of the plate area facing the spring, the clamping area can be fastened by means of this clamping area
- Isolation element on the spring can be determined precisely.
- the guide area encompasses the spring on its essentially cylindrical outer side, an insulation effect of the guide area from the spring is possible in addition to the insulating effect of the plate area.
- Brush holders already used do not need to be replaced by new ones if the guide and clamping areas are only arranged in sections such that they are arranged in the area above the brush within the projection surface of the brush in its direction of displacement. The diameter in the area of the spring then need not be increased; at the same time, the guidance of the spring through the brush holder is retained.
- Minus brush strands are reduced because there is no flammable housing seal in the area of the at least one minus brush. If all the brushes are isolated using the insulation element, an increase in the brush fire or possible arcing is largely prevented. At most, the brush wires either on the minus or on the plus side heat up so much that they reach their melting temperature and the starter motor fails in a controlled manner.
- thermosetting material or a composite material based on a thermosetting plastic has emerged as a suitable material for the insulation element.
- Thermosets are particularly insensitive to temperature compared to other polymer-based plastics, and destruction of a thermosetting insulation element in the application and thus an interruption of the insulation effect between the brush and spring are particularly unlikely.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section through an electrical machine with a plan view of a brush plate
- Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of the brush plate along the line I-I in Fig. 1,
- FIG. 3 shows a side view of an insulation element in a first embodiment
- FIG. 4 shows a top view of the insulation element from FIG. 3, 5 shows a cross section of an insulation element on the basis of a second exemplary embodiment along the line VV in FIG. 6,
- FIG. 6 shows a partial top view of the insulation element from FIG. 5,
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic brush arrangement in which all brushes are thermally insulated.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section through an electrical machine 10. Since further details of the electrical machine 10 are not required to understand the invention, only a plan view of the electrical machine 10.
- Brush holder 13 shown with the brush assembly 16 of the invention.
- the brush holder 13 is arranged in a pole tube 19 of the electrical machine 10.
- the brush holder 13 carries four brushes 22 which are slidably received in brush holders 25.
- the two brushes 22 arranged at the top in FIG. 1 are so-called plus brushes 28, each of which is connected to a busbar 33 via a strand 31.
- This busbar 33 is usually connected to a contact of a starter relay, not shown.
- the busbar 33 is guided through an opening 35 in the pole tube 19 to the outside. So that, for example, no moisture can penetrate through this opening 35, this opening 35 is closed by means of a seal 38 and the busbar 33 is guided through to the outside through an opening in the seal 38 which is not designated in any more detail.
- the two lower brushes 22 in FIG. 1 are so-called
- Minus brushes 40 which are also contacted via a strand 31 with a sheet metal part 42 of the brush holder 13.
- the sheet metal part 42 is connected indirectly to a negative pole of the starter battery via elements, not shown.
- the two plus brushes 28 and the two minus brushes 40 each have an angular distance of 120 °.
- a plus brush 28 and an opposite minus brush 40 form a pair of brushes 44.
- a pair of brushes 44 is the minimum number for energizing such a commutator direct current machine.
- each brush 22 can be displaced in its brush holder 25 in the direction of the center M.
- the center of rotation M is the axis of rotation of a rotor (not shown) of the electrical machine 10.
- the brushes 22 are depending on. The degree of their wear can be shifted either initially only in the direction of the center point M or after a certain period of use in the corresponding radial opposite direction, which is indicated by corresponding double arrows on the circumference of the pole tube.
- a spring 46 is arranged next to a brush 22, which ensures a compressive force on the brush 22 and thus a safe contact of the brush 22 with the commutator.
- the spring 46 acts in the displacement direction of the brush 22. Between one directed towards the 'spring 46 end 48 of the brush 22 and directed towards the brush 22 end 50 of the spring 46 an insulating member 52 is arranged such that a heat transfer to the spring 46 impeded.
- the insulation element 52 initially consists of a plate region 54 which is arranged between the spring 46 and the brush 22. This plate area 54 directly prevents the direct heat transfer between the brush 22 and the spring 46.
- the outer diameter D of the plate area 54 corresponds to the outer diameter of the spring 46 to be insulated.
- the spring 46 is supported on the side of the plate area 54 facing away from the brush 22.
- a clamping area 56 extends.
- the spring 46 is non-positively connected or connected to the insulation element 52 and is thus fastened.
- This clamping area 56 has a height of approximately 1 mm and is therefore sufficient for the clamping attachment of the spring 46 to the insulation element 52. The height is to be matched to the respective spring 46 used.
- the clamping area 56 is in the axial direction
- Subordinate management area 58 This guide area 58 serves to facilitate the insertion of the insulation element 52 into the end 50 of the spring 46. For this reason, the guide area 58 is conical at its end facing away from the plate area 54.
- FIG. 4 shows the top view of the insulation element 52 from FIG. 3. In the top view it can be seen that the guide region 58 and the clamping region 56 initially have an essentially regularly hexagonal prismatic one
- lugs 64 are arranged, which start from a cylindrical basic shape. These lugs 64 essentially have a crescent-shaped cross section. With the aid of these lugs 64, which extend somewhat beyond the prismatic shape, the spring 46 is clamped on its inner circumference, so that a non-positive fastening of the insulation element 52 to the spring 46 is made possible ,
- the spring 46 is held on its inner circumference by the clamping area 56, according to FIG. 5 there is the possibility of clamping the spring 46 on its outer circumference in a corresponding manner.
- the insulation element 52 according to FIG. 5 likewise has a plate region 54, to which a clamping region 56 and a guide region 58 are connected. While in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, the clamping area 56 clamps the spring 46 on its inner circumference by means of lugs 64, the lugs 64 in FIG. 5 clamp the spring 64 on their outer circumference in an analogous manner, see also FIG. 6 ,
- Insulation element 52 in particular in terms of height, that is to say restricted in the axial direction of spring 46, can also be dispensed with guide area 58 which is separate from clamping area 56, since springs 46 with a round wire cross-section can also be inserted into guide area 58 without them Have insulation element 52 inserted.
- the clamping area 56 or the lugs 64 can also be chamfered in the direction of the spring in order to facilitate insertion of the spring 46 or the insulation element 52.
- the third exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7 shows an insulation element 52 with a plate region 54 which is extended radially outwards and extends in the direction of a rectangular recess 66 in the brush holder 25.
- the recess 66 corresponds approximately to that
- FIG. 8 shows a further exemplary embodiment based on the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 or FIG. 6.
- the insulation effect is further improved here.
- This improvement is achieved in that the plate area has a size that approximately corresponds to the cross section of a brush 22.
- This greatest possible coverage of the brush 22 by the plate area 54 only allows heat to be dissipated from the brush 22 via the brush holder 25 or the plate area 54.
- heat transfer from the brush 22 via the air between the brush 22 and the spring 46 is no longer possible.
- the heat transfer from the brush 22 to the spring 46 is restricted even more by the plate region 54, and the harmful effects of the heat on the spring 46 are further reduced.
- the brush arrangement 16 is shown schematically in FIGS. 9 and 10. In FIG. 9, only the plus brushes 28 are isolated by means of the insulation element 52. 10, on the other hand, all the brushes 22, ie both the plus brushes 28 and the minus brushes 40, are insulated.
- thermoset is a phenolic molding compound with a short
- Glass fiber filler In particular, a substance with a thermal conductivity of approx. 0.7 W / mK is suitable. The thermal conductivity of this substance is therefore in a range of 1 W / mK and less, which prevents excessive heating of the spring 46.
Landscapes
- Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10042467 | 2000-08-29 | ||
DE2000142467 DE10042467A1 (en) | 2000-08-29 | 2000-08-29 | Brush assembly for an electrical machine |
PCT/DE2001/002814 WO2002019477A1 (en) | 2000-08-29 | 2001-07-25 | Brush assembly for an electric machine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1232544A1 true EP1232544A1 (en) | 2002-08-21 |
EP1232544B1 EP1232544B1 (en) | 2008-10-08 |
Family
ID=7654223
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01964857A Expired - Lifetime EP1232544B1 (en) | 2000-08-29 | 2001-07-25 | Brush assembly for an electric machine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1232544B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001285687A1 (en) |
DE (3) | DE10042467A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2313979T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002019477A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004026541A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-22 | Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh | Arrangement for guiding a laminated carbon brush |
DE102011076915A1 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brush assembly for commutation device of electrical machine e.g. electric starter motor used in internal combustion engine, has brushes which are arranged in brush holders and displaced radially against outer surface of collector |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE443933C (en) * | 1924-04-08 | 1927-05-06 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Carbon brush holder, especially for vehicle engines, in which the carbon is guided radially at two points that are as far apart as possible |
US1826478A (en) * | 1924-06-27 | 1931-10-06 | Underwood Elliott Fisher Co | Brush for electric motors |
DE619840C (en) * | 1933-09-13 | 1935-10-08 | Ringsdorff Werke A G | Multiple brush holders for electrical machines |
US3590299A (en) * | 1968-05-15 | 1971-06-29 | Morganite Carbon Ltd | Brush arrangement for dynamo electric machines |
GB1258292A (en) * | 1969-01-15 | 1971-12-30 | ||
DD120730A1 (en) * | 1975-07-24 | 1976-06-20 | ||
DE9406246U1 (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1994-06-09 | Deutsche Carbone Ag, 60437 Frankfurt | Interrupter element for electrically conductive sliding contact pieces |
DE19902938A1 (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 2000-07-27 | Valeo Auto Electric Gmbh | Carbon brush for electric motor, consists of at least two separate sections, where the second section is located between the first section and an elastic pressing member |
-
2000
- 2000-08-29 DE DE2000142467 patent/DE10042467A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-07-25 DE DE10193668T patent/DE10193668D2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-25 EP EP01964857A patent/EP1232544B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-25 WO PCT/DE2001/002814 patent/WO2002019477A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-07-25 DE DE50114385T patent/DE50114385D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-25 AU AU2001285687A patent/AU2001285687A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-25 ES ES01964857T patent/ES2313979T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0219477A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001285687A1 (en) | 2002-03-13 |
WO2002019477A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
EP1232544B1 (en) | 2008-10-08 |
DE10193668D2 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
ES2313979T3 (en) | 2009-03-16 |
DE50114385D1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
DE10042467A1 (en) | 2002-03-28 |
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