EP1225416A1 - Explosive fragmentation ammunition - Google Patents

Explosive fragmentation ammunition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1225416A1
EP1225416A1 EP02290072A EP02290072A EP1225416A1 EP 1225416 A1 EP1225416 A1 EP 1225416A1 EP 02290072 A EP02290072 A EP 02290072A EP 02290072 A EP02290072 A EP 02290072A EP 1225416 A1 EP1225416 A1 EP 1225416A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
explosive
explosive charge
revolution
axis
recess
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EP02290072A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1225416B1 (en
Inventor
Serge Lecume
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Safran Ceramics SA
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Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0838—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the explosive charge in a warhead
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field military, more particularly in that of Explosive cluster munitions, such as in particular bombs, with or without controlled fragmentation, intended for example for anti-runway operations, anti-bunkers or anti-vehicles (ships, tanks, armored vehicles, etc.).
  • Explosive cluster munitions such as in particular bombs, with or without controlled fragmentation, intended for example for anti-runway operations, anti-bunkers or anti-vehicles (ships, tanks, armored vehicles, etc.).
  • the envelope breaks by forming splinters whose destructive effects are wanted. These effects are all the more intense that the burst speed is high.
  • the channel can in particular be only cylindroid and generators may not be that approximately parallel to the axis of revolution of the loading, which itself may not be rigorously of revolution.
  • GB 2 318 631 describes a cylindrical element essentially explosive ordnance on the one hand, a hollow annular steel wall in which is drowned an explosive load and on the other hand a multi-point ignition system of the explosive charge.
  • the transition to detonation after initiation can be of the Transition-Shock-Detonation (TCD) type or of the Transition to Delayed Detonation type, also called “unknown" transition to the detonation (TXD).
  • TCD Transition-Shock-Detonation
  • TXD Transition to Delayed Detonation
  • TCD Transition-Shock-Detonation
  • TXD Transition to Delayed Detonation
  • molten cast explosives such as those based on TNT (hexolites, octolites, etc.), and the plastic binder explosives used by compression.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

A fragmentation explosive munition element comprising a casing capable of generating fragments, having an axis of revolution, an explosive charge surrounded by the casing having the same axis of revolution and comprising a hole in the form of a cylindrical canal, the generatrices of which are parallel to the axis of revolution of the charge, a single peripheral and punctual means of initiating the charge. A design of this type makes it possible, for a given explosive charge, to obtain a markedly higher fragment velocity that is obtained with known designs.

Description

La présente invention se situe dans le domaine militaire, plus particulièrement dans celui des munitions explosives à fragmentation, telles que notamment les bombes, à fragmentation contrôlée ou non, destinées par exemple à des opérations anti-pistes, anti-bunkers ou anti-véhicules (navires, chars, blindés, etc).The present invention is in the field military, more particularly in that of Explosive cluster munitions, such as in particular bombs, with or without controlled fragmentation, intended for example for anti-runway operations, anti-bunkers or anti-vehicles (ships, tanks, armored vehicles, etc.).

Les munitions explosives à fragmentation comprennent généralement une enveloppe métallique, préfragmentée ou non, contenant une charge explosive.Explosive cluster munitions usually include a metal casing, pre-fragmented or not, containing an explosive charge.

Lors de la détonation de la charge, l'enveloppe se brise en formant des éclats dont les effets destructeurs sont recherchés. Ces effets sont d'autant plus intenses que la vitesse des éclats est élevée.When the charge detonates, the envelope breaks by forming splinters whose destructive effects are wanted. These effects are all the more intense that the burst speed is high.

Il est bien connu d'augmenter cette vitesse en utilisant des explosifs plus puissants, mais ceux-ci s'avèrent plus coûteux et plus sensibles, donc plus dangereux à manipuler et à stocker.It is well known to increase this speed by using more powerful explosives but these are more expensive and more sensitive, so more dangerous to handle and store.

L'homme du métier à donc le souci permanent, pour améliorer l'efficacité des munitions explosives à fragmentation, et notamment des bombes, de rechercher, pour un chargement explosif donné, de nouveaux concepts, notamment d'architecture, permettant d'accroítre la vitesse des éclats obtenus.The skilled person therefore has the permanent concern, for improve the effectiveness of explosive ordnance at fragmentation, including bombs, to search for, for a given explosive charge, new concepts, including architecture, allowing to increase the speed of the fragments obtained.

La présente invention propose une telle solution.The present invention provides such a solution.

Elle a pour objet un nouvel élément de munition explosive à fragmentation qui comprend :

  • une enveloppe, de préférence métallique, susceptible de générer des éclats, ayant un axe de révolution,
  • un chargement explosif contenu dans ladite enveloppe et revêtu par elle, c'est-à-dire enrobé par ladite enveloppe, ayant le même axe de révolution que celui de l'enveloppe, et comportant un évidement en forme de canal cylindrique dont les génératrices sont parallèles à l'axe de révolution du chargement explosif,
  • un moyen unique d'amorçage dudit chargement explosif.
Its subject is a new element of explosive fragmentation munitions which includes:
  • an envelope, preferably metallic, capable of generating splinters, having an axis of revolution,
  • an explosive charge contained in said envelope and coated by it, that is to say coated by said envelope, having the same axis of revolution as that of the envelope, and comprising a recess in the form of a cylindrical channel whose generatrices are parallel to the axis of revolution of the explosive charge,
  • a unique means of initiating said explosive charge.

Ce nouvel élément de munition selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que le moyen unique d'amorçage est un moyen d'amorçage périphérique et ponctuel, c'est à dire localisé en un seul point sur la surface de révolution du chargement explosif.This new munition element according to the invention is characterized in that the sole means of initiation is a peripheral and punctual priming means, i.e. located at a single point on the surface of revolution explosive charge.

Par moyen « unique » d'amorçage, il faut normalement comprendre que le chargement explosif ne comprend pas d'autre moyen d'amorçage.By "unique" means of priming, it is necessary normally understand that the explosive charge does not includes no other means of initiation.

Par « surface de révolution », il faut classiquement comprendre une surface engendrée par la rotation d'une courbe (génératrice) autour d'une droite fixe (axe de révolution).By "surface of revolution", it is necessary conventionally understand a surface generated by the rotation of a curve (generator) around a straight line fixed (axis of revolution).

Par « génératrices » du canal cylindrique, il faut classiquement comprendre l'ensemble des droites parallèles s'appuyant sur une courbe plane fermée (directrice) définissant un cylindre.By "generatrices" of the cylindrical channel, it is necessary conventionally understand the set of straight lines parallels resting on a closed plane curve (director) defining a cylinder.

Ce nouveau concept d'architecture selon l'invention ne doit pas être interprété avec une rigueur mathématique. Le canal peut notamment n'être que cylindroïde et les génératrices peuvent n'être qu'approximativement parallèles à l'axe de révolution du chargement, qui lui-même peut ne pas être rigoureusement de révolution.This new concept of architecture according to the invention should not be interpreted with rigor mathematical. The channel can in particular be only cylindroid and generators may not be that approximately parallel to the axis of revolution of the loading, which itself may not be rigorously of revolution.

Divers concepts d'amorçage de munitions explosives à fragmentation sont décrits dans l'état de la technique.Various concepts for initiating explosive ordnance to fragmentation are described in the state of the technical.

Le brevet FR 2.778.978 décrit par exemple un projectile d'artillerie à fragmentation comprenant un chargement explosif contenu dans une enveloppe. L'amorçage du chargement s'effectue soit centralement dans la charge explosive, soit côté fond.The patent FR 2,778,978 describes for example a fragmentation artillery projectile comprising a explosive charge contained in an envelope. The loading is started either centrally in the explosive charge, either on the bottom side.

Le brevet FR 2.748.102 décrit une munition à fragmentation dont le chargement explosif comporte un canal central cylindrique dans lequel est logé le moyen d'amorçage du chargement.Patent FR 2,748,102 describes a munition with fragmentation whose explosive charge contains a cylindrical central channel in which the means is housed load initiation.

Le brevet GB 2 318 631 décrit un élément cylindrique de munition explosive essentiellement constitué d'une part d'une paroi annulaire creuse en acier dans laquelle se trouve noyé un chargement explosif et d'autre part d'un système d'amorçage multipoints du chargement explosif.GB 2 318 631 describes a cylindrical element essentially explosive ordnance on the one hand, a hollow annular steel wall in which is drowned an explosive load and on the other hand a multi-point ignition system of the explosive charge.

Le brevet FR 2.679.640 décrit un appareillage d'amorçage multipoints destiné à constituer un conformateur d'onde de détonation pour les charges formées ou à éclats.
Le chargement explosif ne comporte pas d'évidement en forme de canal cylindrique.Patent FR 2,679,640 describes a multi-point ignition device intended to constitute a detonation wave conformator for the charges formed or to bursts.
The explosive charge does not have a recess in the form of a cylindrical channel.

Le brevet US 4.579.059 décrit un projectile tubulaire à fragmentation dont la paroi, creuse, délimite une chambre annulaire contenant un chargement explosif qui est ainsi totalement noyé dans le tube.
Par ailleurs, le moyen d'amorçage du chargement se situe au niveau d'une face latérale de ce chargement, et non pas à sa périphérie.US Patent 4,579,059 describes a tubular fragmentation projectile, the hollow wall of which delimits an annular chamber containing an explosive charge which is thus completely embedded in the tube.
Furthermore, the load initiating means is located at a lateral face of this load, and not at its periphery.

Le concept d'architecture précité selon l'invention n'est donc pas connu de l'homme du métier. Il permet, de façon inattendue et particulièrement simple et peu coûteuse, d'accroítre considérablement, pour un chargement explosif donné, la vitesse des éclats obtenus, sans accroítre les risques pyrotechniques liés à la manipulation et au stockage.The aforementioned concept of architecture according to the invention is therefore not known to those skilled in the art. It allows to unexpectedly and particularly simple and little expensive, to increase considerably, for a explosive charge given, burst speed obtained, without increasing the pyrotechnic risks associated handling and storage.

Selon une variante particulièrement préférée de l'invention, l'enveloppe de révolution susceptible de générer des éclats et le chargement explosif de révolution qu'elle enrobe ont une forme cylindrique ou ogivale. Comme exemples d'autres formes de révolution, on peut citer les formes conique et tronconique.According to a particularly preferred variant of the invention, the envelope of revolution capable of generate shards and the explosive charge of revolution that it coats have a cylindrical shape or Gothic. As examples of other forms of revolution, one can quote the conical and frustoconical forms.

Selon l'invention, le terme «ponctuel» ou «point» ne doit pas être interprété avec une rigueur mathématique. En pratique, ce terme signifie une faible surface assimilable à un point comparativement à la surface totale de révolution du chargement. Un moyen d'amorçage usuel comprenant un détonateur et un relais cylindrique de diamètre 10mm en explosif de type hexocire en contact avec la périphérie d'un chargement de diamètre 150mm et de longueur 100mm permet d'assurer un amorçage périphérique ponctuel au sens de la présente invention.
Le tir d'une balle perforante en acier représente un autre exemple de moyen d'amorçage ponctuel selon l'invention.According to the invention, the term "punctual" or "point" should not be interpreted with mathematical rigor. In practice, this term means a small surface comparable to a point compared to the total surface of revolution of the load. A usual ignition means comprising a detonator and a cylindrical relay with a diameter of 10mm in a hexocire type explosive in contact with the periphery of a charge of diameter 150mm and length 100mm makes it possible to ensure punctual peripheral ignition within the meaning of this. invention.
The firing of a steel piercing bullet represents another example of a point-in-time priming means according to the invention.

De façon générale, on peut utiliser tout moyen d'amorçage usuel bien connu de l'homme du métier, notamment des systèmes d'amorçage à booster d'explosif ou à élément projeté.In general, we can use any means usual ignition well known to those skilled in the art, including ignition booster priming systems or with a projected element.

Selon l'invention, la transition vers la détonation après l'amorçage peut être de type Transition-Choc-Détonation (TCD) ou de type Transition vers la Détonation retardée, encore appelée transition « inconnue » vers la détonation (TXD). Ces 2 mécanismes de transition vers la détonation sont bien connus de l'homme de métier.
Selon la transition TCD, l'amorçage génère une onde de choc dont le niveau en pression et en durée de maintien est supérieur au seuil d'aptitude à la détonation du matériau énergétique qui est une caractéristique de ce matériau.
Selon la transition TXD, dont la durée est beaucoup plus longue, l'amorçage génère une onde de choc dont le niveau en pression et en durée de maintien est inférieur au seuil de fonctionnement TCD précité. Cette onde de choc peu réactive endommage physiquement le matériau, puis, après réflexion sur la paroi de la munition et combinaison avec une autre onde, revient en surpression sur le matériau endommagé, ce qui provoque sa décomposition chimique et sa détonation.According to the invention, the transition to detonation after initiation can be of the Transition-Shock-Detonation (TCD) type or of the Transition to Delayed Detonation type, also called "unknown" transition to the detonation (TXD). These 2 transition mechanisms to detonation are well known to those skilled in the art.
According to the TCD transition, the ignition generates a shock wave, the level of pressure and duration of which is greater than the detonation threshold of the energetic material which is a characteristic of this material.
According to the TXD transition, the duration of which is much longer, the ignition generates a shock wave whose level of pressure and of holding time is lower than the above-mentioned operating threshold TCD. This not very reactive shock wave physically damages the material, then, after reflection on the wall of the ammunition and combination with another wave, returns to overpressure on the damaged material, which causes its chemical decomposition and detonation.

L'homme du métier sait, par calcul ou par expérimentation, choisir un moyen d'amorçage permettant, pour un chargement explosif donné, d'obtenir une transition vers la détonation du type TCD ou de type TXD.The skilled person knows, by calculation or by experiment, choose a means of initiation allowing, for a given explosive charge, to obtain a transition to TCD or type detonation TXD.

Selon une variante particulièrement préférée de l'invention, le moyen unique d'amorçage est tel qu'il puisse provoquer une transition TXD, en générant une onde de choc dont le niveau en pression et en durée de maintien est inférieur au seuil d'aptitude à la détonation du chargement explosif (seuil de fonctionnement TCD).
De façon particulièrement inattendue, on a constaté que cette variante permettait d'accroítre encore plus la vitesse des éclats obtenus comparativement à la variante d'amorçage avec transition vers la détonation de type TCD.According to a particularly preferred variant of the invention, the unique priming means is such that it can cause a TXD transition, by generating a shock wave whose level of pressure and of holding time is below the aptitude threshold. when the explosive charge is detonated (operating threshold TCD).
Particularly unexpectedly, it was found that this variant made it possible to further increase the speed of the flakes obtained compared to the ignition variant with transition to the detonation of TCD type.

Selon une autre variante préférée de l'invention, l'évidement en forme de canal cylindrique est situé dans le chargement en position centrale de telle sorte que l'axe de révolution du chargement explosif traverse l'évidement.According to another preferred variant of the invention, the cylindrical channel-shaped recess is located in loading in the central position so that the axis of revolution of the explosive charge passes through the recess.

Selon une autre variante préférée, la section du canal cylindrique constituant l'évidement est circulaire, elliptique, carrée, rectangulaire, trapézoïdale, polygonale ou étoilée. According to another preferred variant, the section of the cylindrical channel constituting the recess is circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, trapezoidal, polygonal or star-shaped.

De façon particulièrement préférée, l'évidement est un canal cylindrique de révolution, c'est à dire que sa section est circulaire, dont l'axe coïncide, rigoureusement ou approximativement, avec l'axe de révolution du chargement explosif.In a particularly preferred manner, the recess is a cylindrical channel of revolution, that is to say that its section is circular, whose axis coincides, rigorously or approximately, with the axis of explosive charge revolution.

Le rapport entre la section du chargement explosif et la section de l'évidement est de préférence et en général compris entre 5 et 100.The relationship between the explosive charge section and the section of the recess is preferably and in general between 5 and 100.

L'évidement en forme de canal cylindrique peut transpercer le chargement explosif, c'est à dire comporter 2 ouvertures, ce qui est préféré, mais il peut aussi ne comporter qu'une seule ouverture, côté fond ou côté avant du chargement, ou bien encore ne comporter aucune ouverture, c'est à dire qu'il est alors emprisonné dans le chargement.The cylindrical channel-shaped recess can pierce the explosive charge, i.e. have 2 openings, which is preferred, but can also have only one opening, bottom side or front side of the load, or even not include no opening, i.e. it is then trapped in the load.

L'évidement dans le chargement explosif est de préférence vide de toute matière, c'est à dire qu'il ne contient que de l'air ou un gaz quelconque, mais il peut aussi au moins partiellement contenir un matériau inerte de basse densité.
Par « basse » densité, il faut comprendre une densité nettement inférieure à celle du matériau énergétique constituant le chargement explosif, c'est-à-dire inférieure à environ 70% de la densité du matériau énergétique.
Comme exemples de tels matériaux inertes de basse densité, on peut citer les mousses et les caoutchoucs ayant une densité comprise entre environ 0,1 g/cm3 et environ 1,3 g/cm3.The recess in the explosive charge is preferably devoid of any material, that is to say that it contains only air or any gas, but it can also at least partially contain an inert material of low density.
By “low” density, it is necessary to understand a density much lower than that of the energetic material constituting the explosive charge, that is to say less than about 70% of the density of the energetic material.
As examples of such inert low density materials, mention may be made of foams and rubbers having a density of between approximately 0.1 g / cm 3 and approximately 1.3 g / cm 3 .

Selon l'invention, l'explosif constituant le chargement peut être tout explosif bien connu de l'homme du métier dans le domaine des munitions à fragmentation. Cet explosif est en général et de préférence un solide, mais il peut également être par exemple un liquide visqueux. Dans ce cas, l'évidement en forme de canal cylindrique doit bien entendu être matérialisé par une enveloppe solide, par exemple métallique.
Les explosifs composites sont particulièrement préférés comme explosifs solides, c'est à dire des explosifs obtenus à partir de compositions explosives à liant plastique mises en oeuvre par coulée puis polymérisation, constituées d'un liant plastique chargé contenant au moins une charge explosive nitrée organique comme l'hexogène ou l'octogène. Comme exemples d'autres explosifs solides convenant bien dans le cadre de la présente invention, on peut citer les explosifs coulés fondus comme ceux à base de TNT (hexolites, octolites, etc...), et les explosifs à liant plastique mis en oeuvre par compression.According to the invention, the explosive constituting the load can be any explosive well known to those skilled in the art in the field of cluster munitions. This explosive is generally and preferably a solid, but it can also be, for example, a viscous liquid. In this case, the recess in the form of a cylindrical channel must of course be materialized by a solid envelope, for example metallic.
Composite explosives are particularly preferred as solid explosives, that is to say explosives obtained from explosive compositions with a plastic binder used by casting and then polymerization, consisting of a charged plastic binder containing at least one organic nitro explosive charge as hexogen or octogen. As examples of other solid explosives which are very suitable in the context of the present invention, there may be mentioned molten cast explosives such as those based on TNT (hexolites, octolites, etc.), and the plastic binder explosives used by compression.

La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé permettant d'accroítre la vitesse des éclats obtenus lors de la détonation d'un élément de munition explosive à fragmentation comprenant :

  • une enveloppe susceptible de générer des éclats, ayant un axe de révolution,
  • un chargement explosif enrobé dans ladite enveloppe, ayant le même axe de révolution que celui de l'enveloppe, et comportant un évidement en forme de canal cylindrique dont les génératrices sont parallèles à l'axe de révolution du chargement explosif.
The present invention also relates to a method making it possible to increase the speed of the flakes obtained during the detonation of an element of explosive ordnance with fragmentation comprising:
  • an envelope capable of generating splinters, having an axis of revolution,
  • an explosive charge coated in said envelope, having the same axis of revolution as that of the envelope, and comprising a recess in the form of a cylindrical channel whose generatrices are parallel to the axis of revolution of the explosive charge.

Ce nouveau procédé selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que la détonation résulte d'un amorçage du chargement explosif uniquement localisé à la périphérie du chargement explosif, et ponctuel.This new process according to the invention is characterized in that the detonation results from a initiation of the explosive charge only located at the periphery of the explosive charge, and punctual.

De façon préférée, selon ce nouveau procédé, le moyen d'amorçage est tel qu'il provoque une transition vers une détonation de type TXD, c'est à dire que l'amorçage du chargement explosif génère une onde de choc dont le niveau en pression et en durée de maintien est inférieur au seuil d'aptitude à la détonation du chargement explosif.Preferably, according to this new process, the priming means is such that it causes a transition towards a TXD type detonation, i.e. the initiation of the explosive charge generates a wave of shock including the level of pressure and duration of maintenance is below the detonation suitability threshold for the explosive charge.

La figure 1 jointe représente une coupe schématique d'un élément de munition explosive à fragmentation selon l'invention.Figure 1 attached shows a schematic section an element of explosive ordnance with fragmentation according to the invention.

Dans la réalisation schématisée selon la figure 1, l'élément de munition comprend :

  • une enveloppe 1 métallique, cylindrique, pleine, susceptible de générer des éclats, ayant un axe de révolution 2,
  • un chargement explosif 3, contenu dans ladite enveloppe 1 et revêtu par ladite enveloppe 1. Ce chargement explosif 3 est donc cylindrique et possède le même axe de révolution 2 que celui de l'enveloppe 1.
  • Le chargement explosif 3 comporte, sur toute sa longueur, un évidement 5 en forme de canal cylindrique dont les génératrices 6, 7 sont parallèles à l'axe de révolution 2 du chargement explosif 3 et dont la paroi est constituée par le chargement explosif 3.
  • L'évidement 5, qui transperce le chargement explosif 3, est un canal cylindrique de révolution dont l'axe coïncide avec l'axe de révolution 2 du chargement explosif 3.
  • un moyen unique d'amorçage 4 du chargement explosif 3, permettant d'assurer un amorçage périphérique du chargement, en un seul point.
Un dispositif expérimental 9, non détaillé figure 1, bien connu de l'homme du métier, permet de visualiser, à l'aide d'une caméra à balayage de fente, les phénomènes et effets produits après l'amorçage du chargement, et notamment de déterminer le type de la transition vers la détonation et la vitesse des éclats obtenus. L'axe de la fente est approximativement situé dans l'axe d'amorçage 10, du côté opposé à l'amorçage par rapport à l'élément de munition.In the embodiment shown diagrammatically according to FIG. 1, the munition element comprises:
  • a metallic, cylindrical, solid casing 1 capable of generating splinters, having an axis of revolution 2,
  • an explosive charge 3, contained in said envelope 1 and coated by said envelope 1. This explosive charge 3 is therefore cylindrical and has the same axis of revolution 2 as that of envelope 1.
  • The explosive charge 3 comprises, over its entire length, a recess 5 in the form of a cylindrical channel, the generators 6, 7 of which are parallel to the axis of revolution 2 of the explosive charge 3 and the wall of which is formed by the explosive charge 3.
  • The recess 5, which pierces the explosive charge 3, is a cylindrical channel of revolution whose axis coincides with the axis of revolution 2 of the explosive charge 3.
  • a unique means 4 for initiating the explosive charge 3, making it possible to ensure peripheral initiation of the charge, at a single point.
An experimental device 9, not detailed in FIG. 1, well known to those skilled in the art, makes it possible to visualize, using a slit-scanning camera, the phenomena and effects produced after the initiation of the load, and in particular to determine the type of transition to detonation and the speed of the fragments obtained. The axis of the slot is approximately located in the priming axis 10, on the side opposite the priming relative to the munition element.

Les exemples non limitatifs suivants illustrent l'invention et les avantages qu'elle procure.The following nonlimiting examples illustrate the invention and the advantages it provides.

Exemple 1Example 1

On a réalisé un élément de munition explosive à fragmentation comme schématisé figure 1, de longueur 100mm.An explosive ordnance item was made at fragmentation as shown schematically in Figure 1, in length 100mm.

L'enveloppe 1 est lisse, en acier, d'épaisseur 1,5mm.The casing 1 is smooth, made of steel, 1.5 mm thick.

Le diamètre extérieur du chargement explosif 3 est 150mm.The outside diameter of the explosive charge 3 is 150mm.

Le diamètre de l'évidement 5 est 50mm.The diameter of the recess 5 is 50mm.

Le matériau énergétique constituant le chargement explosif 3 est un explosif composite constitué de 55% en poids d'octogène, 12% en poids de perchlorate d'ammonium, 3% en poids d'aluminium et 30% en poids d'une matrice polymérique énergétique réticulée obtenue par polymérisation, par le biuret trihexane isocyanate(BTHI), d'un polyadipate de diéthylèneglycol en présence d'un plastifiant énergétique constitué d'un mélange de nitroglycérine et de trinitrate de butanetriol.The energetic material constituting the load explosive 3 is a composite explosive made up of 55% weight of octogen, 12% by weight of perchlorate of ammonium, 3% by weight of aluminum and 30% by weight of a crosslinked energetic polymer matrix obtained by polymerization, with trihexane biuret isocyanate (BTHI), a polyethylene glycol polyadipate in the presence of an energy plasticizer consisting of a mixture of nitroglycerin and trinitrate butanetriol.

L'évidement 5 est classiquement obtenu à l'aide d'un noyau central positionné dans le moule avant la coulée de la composition explosive non polymérisée.The recess 5 is conventionally obtained using a central core positioned in the mold before casting of the non-polymerized explosive composition.

Le moyen d'amorçage 4 comprend un détonateur haute tension usuel bien connu de l'homme du métier et un relais cylindrique en hexocire (95% d'hexogène et 5% de cire) de diamètre 10mm et hauteur 10mm, bien en contact avec la surface de révolution du chargement explosif 3, grâce à une perforation de diamètre correspondant dans l'enveloppe 1.The priming means 4 comprises a high detonator usual tension well known to those skilled in the art and a cylindrical relay in hexocire (95% hexogen and 5% wax) of diameter 10mm and height 10mm, well in contact with the surface of revolution of the explosive charge 3, through a corresponding diameter perforation in envelope 1.

Après amorçage, on a pu constater, à l'aide du dispositif expérimental 9 :

  • un mécanisme de transition vers la détonation de type TCD.
  • Une expansion quasi hémisphérique de l'enveloppe 1 en acier.
  • Une vitesse de relèvement de l'enveloppe 1 en fonction du temps, mesurée au niveau de la génératrice 11 opposée à la génératrice 8 sur laquelle se produit l'amorçage, permettant de déduire une vitesse initiale des éclats de 2870 m/s.
After priming, we could see, using experimental device 9:
  • a transition mechanism to the TCD type detonation.
  • An almost hemispherical expansion of the steel casing 1.
  • A speed of raising of the envelope 1 as a function of time, measured at the level of the generator 11 opposite to the generator 8 on which the ignition occurs, making it possible to deduce an initial speed of the fragments of 2870 m / s.

Exemple 2Example 2

On a réalisé un élément de munition explosive à fragmentation identique à celui de l'exemple 1, mais dépourvu du détonateur, de son relais d'hexocire, et de la perforation correspondante de l'enveloppe 1. On a obtenu un amorçage périphérique du chargement explosif en tirant, vers la périphérie de l'enveloppe 1, avec un angle de tir de 90° par rapport au plan de tangence du point d'impact, c'est à dire selon l'axe d'amorçage 10 du côté opposé au dispositif expérimental 9 par rapport à l'élément de munition, une balle perforante en acier de type PF1, de diamètre 12,7mm, à la vitesse de 1000m/s.An explosive ordnance item was made at fragmentation identical to that of Example 1, but devoid of the detonator, its hexocire relay, and the corresponding perforation of the envelope 1. We have obtained a peripheral ignition of the explosive charge by pulling, towards the periphery of the envelope 1, with a 90 ° firing angle to the tangency plane of the point of impact, i.e. along the initiation axis 10 on the side opposite to the experimental device 9 with respect to to the element of ammunition, a steel piercing bullet type PF1, diameter 12.7mm, at the speed of 1000m / s.

Cette balle perforante représente le moyen unique d'amorçage 4 selon l'invention et la figure 1.This piercing bullet represents the unique way boot 4 according to the invention and Figure 1.

On a constaté, à l'aide du dispositif expérimental 9, un mécanisme de transition vers la détonation de type TXD, une expansion de l'enveloppe 1 qualitativement identique à celle observée pour l'exemple 1, mais quantitativement supérieure, puisque la courbe vitesse de relèvement de l'enveloppe en fonction du temps permet de déduire une vitesse initiale des éclats de 3370 m/s. It was found, using the experimental device 9, a transition mechanism to type detonation TXD, an expansion of the envelope 1 qualitatively identical to that observed for example 1, but quantitatively higher, since the speed curve of raising the envelope as a function of time allows to deduce an initial speed of the flakes of 3370 m / s.

Exemple comparatifComparative example

Cet exemple comparatif ne fait pas partie de l'invention. Il a été réalisé dans le seul but de bien mettre en évidence les avantages procurés par l'invention, et notamment le gain important obtenu en vitesse initiale des éclats.This comparative example is not part of the invention. It was made for the sole purpose of good highlight the benefits of the invention, and in particular the significant gain obtained in initial burst speed.

Selon cet exemple comparatif, on a tout d'abord réalisé un élément de munition explosive à fragmentation rigoureusement identique à celui de l'exemple 2.According to this comparative example, we have first made an element of explosive fragmentation ammunition strictly identical to that of Example 2.

Après un amorçage plan conventionnel du chargement explosif, au niveau de l'une des 2 faces planes, à l'aide d'un générateur d'ondes planes (GOP) couplé à un relais en hexocire 95/5 de diamètre 10 mm et hauteur 10 mm lui même couplé à un détonateur haute-tension usuel, on a constaté un mécanisme de transition vers la détonation de type TCD et une vitesse initiale des éclats de 2400 m/s.After a conventional plan priming of the load explosive, at one of the 2 flat faces, using a plane wave generator (GOP) coupled to a 95/5 hexocire relay with 10 mm diameter and height 10 mm itself coupled to a high-voltage detonator usual, there has been a mechanism of transition to TCD type detonation and an initial velocity of flashes of 2400 m / s.

Le gain obtenu en vitesse initiale des éclats selon l'invention est donc de l'ordre de 20% selon la configuration objet de l'exemple 1 et de l'ordre de 40% selon la configuration objet de l'exemple 2.The gain obtained in initial speed of the flakes according to the invention is therefore of the order of 20% depending on the configuration object of example 1 and of the order of 40% according to the configuration object of example 2.

Claims (10)

Elément de munition explosive à fragmentation comprenant : une enveloppe (1) susceptible de générer des éclats, ayant un axe de révolution (2), un chargement explosif (3) enrobé par ladite enveloppe (1), ayant le même axe de révolution (2) que celui de l'enveloppe (1), et comportant un évidement (5) en forme de canal cylindrique dont les génératrices (6,7) sont parallèles à l'axe de révolution (2) du chargement explosif (3), un moyen unique d'amorçage (4) dudit chargement explosif (3), caractérisé en ce que le moyen d'amorçage (4) est un moyen d'amorçage périphérique et ponctuel du chargement explosif (3).Element of explosive fragmentation munition comprising: an envelope (1) capable of generating splinters, having an axis of revolution (2), an explosive charge (3) coated by said envelope (1), having the same axis of revolution (2) as that of the envelope (1), and comprising a recess (5) in the form of a cylindrical channel, the generators (6 , 7) are parallel to the axis of revolution (2) of the explosive charge (3), a single means of initiation (4) of said explosive charge (3), characterized in that the initiating means (4) is a peripheral and punctual initiating means of the explosive charge (3). Elément de munition explosive selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe (1) génératrice d'éclats et le chargement explosif (3) ont une forme cylindrique ou ogivale.Explosive ordnance element according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing (1) generating fragments and the explosive charge (3) have a cylindrical or ogival shape. Elément de munition explosive selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'évidement (5) en forme de canal cylindrique est situé en position centrale de telle sorte que l'axe de révolution (2) du chargement explosif (3) traverse l'évidement (5).Explosive ordnance element according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess (5) in the form of a cylindrical channel is situated in the central position so that the axis of revolution (2) of the explosive charge (3) passes through the recess (5). Elément de munition explosive selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'évidement (5) est un canal cylindrique de révolution dont l'axe coïncide avec l'axe de révolution (2) du chargement explosif (3). Explosive ordnance element according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess (5) is a cylindrical channel of revolution whose axis coincides with the axis of revolution (2) of the explosive charge (3). Elément de munition explosive selon la revendication (1), caractérisé en ce que l'évidement (5) transperce le chargement explosif (3).Explosive ordnance element according to claim (1), characterized in that the recess (5) pierces the explosive charge (3). Elément de munition explosive selon la revendication (1), caractérisé en ce que le rapport entre la section du chargement explosif (3) et la section de l'évidement (5) est compris entre 5 et 100.Explosive ordnance element according to claim (1), characterized in that the ratio between the section of the explosive charge (3) and the section of the recess (5) is between 5 and 100. Elément de munition explosive selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'évidement (5) contient un matériau inerte de basse densité.Explosive ordnance element according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess (5) contains an inert material of low density. Elément de munition explosive selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le moyen d'amorçage (4) est tel qu'il puisse générer une onde de choc dont le niveau en pression et en durée de maintien est inférieur au seuil d'aptitude à la détonation du chargement explosif (3).Explosive ordnance element according to claim 1, characterized in that the priming means (4) is such that it can generate a shock wave whose level of pressure and holding time is below the threshold for ability to the detonation of the explosive charge (3). Procédé permettant d'accroítre la vitesse des éclats obtenus lors de la détonation d'un élément de munition explosive à fragmentation comprenant : une enveloppe (1) susceptible de générer des éclats ayant un axe de révolution (2), un chargement explosif (3) enrobé par ladite enveloppe (1), ayant le même axe de révolution (2) que celui de l'enveloppe (1), et comportant un évidement (5) en forme de canal cylindrique dont les génératrices (6,7) sont parallèles à l'axe de révolution (2) du chargement explosif (3), caractérisé en ce que la détonation résulte d'un amorçage du chargement explosif (3) uniquement localisé à la périphérie du chargement explosif (3), en un seul point. Method for increasing the speed of the fragments obtained during the detonation of an element of explosive ordnance with fragmentation comprising: an envelope (1) capable of generating flakes having an axis of revolution (2), an explosive charge (3) coated by said envelope (1), having the same axis of revolution (2) as that of the envelope (1), and comprising a recess (5) in the form of a cylindrical channel, the generators (6 , 7) are parallel to the axis of revolution (2) of the explosive charge (3), characterized in that the detonation results from an initiation of the explosive charge (3) only located at the periphery of the explosive charge (3), at a single point. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'amorçage du chargement explosif (3) génère une onde de choc dont le niveau en pression et en durée de maintien est inférieur au seuil d'aptitude à la détonation du chargement explosif (3).Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the initiation of the explosive charge (3) generates a shock wave the pressure level and duration of which of which is less than the detonation capacity threshold of the explosive charge (3) .
EP02290072A 2001-01-19 2002-01-11 Explosive fragmentation ammunition Expired - Lifetime EP1225416B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0100740 2001-01-19
FR0100740A FR2819883B1 (en) 2001-01-19 2001-01-19 EXPLOSIVE AMMUNITION ELEMENT WITH FRAGMENTATION

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EP1225416A1 true EP1225416A1 (en) 2002-07-24
EP1225416B1 EP1225416B1 (en) 2006-09-27

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US (1) US6615738B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1225416B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE340986T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2367299C (en)
DE (1) DE60214912T2 (en)
DK (1) DK1225416T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2272646T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2819883B1 (en)
IL (1) IL147548A (en)
NO (1) NO320817B1 (en)
PT (1) PT1225416E (en)

Cited By (2)

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EP3002542A1 (en) * 2014-10-01 2016-04-06 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Device and method for controlled splitter forming by means of temperature-activated notch loads
WO2016076918A1 (en) * 2014-11-11 2016-05-19 Raytheon Company Fuze shock transfer system

Families Citing this family (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0719982D0 (en) * 2007-10-12 2007-11-21 Portsmouth Aviat Ltd Bombs
US8770110B2 (en) 2012-03-16 2014-07-08 Raytheon Company Selectable yield warhead and method
US11454480B1 (en) 2019-06-12 2022-09-27 Corvid Technologies LLC Methods for forming munitions casings and casings and munitions formed thereby

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GB2318631A (en) 1980-10-24 1998-04-29 Secr Defence Warheads
FR2778978A1 (en) 1996-11-22 1999-11-26 Diehl Gmbh & Co ARTILLERY PROJECTILE

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DE1453815A1 (en) * 1965-12-10 1969-02-06 Boelkow Gmbh Method for triggering the explosive charge in an explosive charge projectile
US3820461A (en) * 1970-02-20 1974-06-28 D Silvia Initiation aimed explosive devices
GB2318631A (en) 1980-10-24 1998-04-29 Secr Defence Warheads
FR2678723A1 (en) * 1981-06-26 1993-01-08 France Etat Explosive, particularly anti-aircraft, projectile, comprising a rotary directional-effect charge
US4579059A (en) 1984-03-27 1986-04-01 Abraham Flatau Tubular projectile having an explosive material therein
US4662281A (en) * 1984-09-28 1987-05-05 The Boeing Company Low velocity disc pattern fragment warhead
FR2679640A1 (en) 1991-07-26 1993-01-29 Thomson Brandt Armements Multipoint climbing appliance for a detonation wave shaper
FR2748102A1 (en) 1996-04-30 1997-10-31 Tda Armements Sas MUNITION WITH FRAGMENTATION OF EQUATORIAL SYMMETRY OF EXPULSION
FR2778978A1 (en) 1996-11-22 1999-11-26 Diehl Gmbh & Co ARTILLERY PROJECTILE

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3002542A1 (en) * 2014-10-01 2016-04-06 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Device and method for controlled splitter forming by means of temperature-activated notch loads
US9982979B2 (en) 2014-10-01 2018-05-29 TDW Gesellschaft fuer verteidgungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Device and method for controlled fragmentation by means of temperature-activatable notch charges
WO2016076918A1 (en) * 2014-11-11 2016-05-19 Raytheon Company Fuze shock transfer system
US9347754B1 (en) 2014-11-11 2016-05-24 Raytheon Company Fuze shock transfer system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20020245D0 (en) 2002-01-16
DE60214912D1 (en) 2006-11-09
US20020096080A1 (en) 2002-07-25
NO320817B1 (en) 2006-01-30
IL147548A (en) 2007-09-20
CA2367299C (en) 2005-09-13
DK1225416T3 (en) 2007-01-29
NO20020245L (en) 2002-07-22
EP1225416B1 (en) 2006-09-27
CA2367299A1 (en) 2002-07-19
FR2819883A1 (en) 2002-07-26
ES2272646T3 (en) 2007-05-01
PT1225416E (en) 2007-01-31
FR2819883B1 (en) 2003-07-18
ATE340986T1 (en) 2006-10-15
US6615738B2 (en) 2003-09-09
IL147548A0 (en) 2002-08-14
DE60214912T2 (en) 2007-07-12

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