EP1225312A2 - Einrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung von Verbrennungsmotoren - Google Patents

Einrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung von Verbrennungsmotoren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1225312A2
EP1225312A2 EP01403246A EP01403246A EP1225312A2 EP 1225312 A2 EP1225312 A2 EP 1225312A2 EP 01403246 A EP01403246 A EP 01403246A EP 01403246 A EP01403246 A EP 01403246A EP 1225312 A2 EP1225312 A2 EP 1225312A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substance
upstream
treatment device
downstream
nitrogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01403246A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1225312B1 (de
EP1225312A3 (de
Inventor
Shanin Hodjati
Najar Moral
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP1225312A2 publication Critical patent/EP1225312A2/de
Publication of EP1225312A3 publication Critical patent/EP1225312A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1225312B1 publication Critical patent/EP1225312B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas treatment device. combustion engine exhaust.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a device for exhaust gas treatment of a combustion engine, including a diesel or gasoline engine poor mixture.
  • exhaust systems are equipped in a known manner with catalysts, in particular with "three-way" catalysts so as to cause the reaction polluting substances passing through them, to reduce harmful emissions.
  • Such catalysts can allow the oxidation of unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon oxides when the fuel / air mixture is poor, i.e. the ratio between fuel mass and air mass is less than richness stoichiometric.
  • These catalysts also allow the reduction of oxides nitrogen when the fuel / air mixture is rich, i.e. that the ratio between the mass of fuel and the mass of air is greater than stoichiometric richness.
  • Such a treatment device called an oxide trap nitrogen
  • the storage of nitrogen oxides mainly consists in oxidizing the nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide which is then stored in the form of nitrates (NO - 3 ) in the nitrogen oxide trap.
  • the oxidation reaction of nitrogen monoxide to dioxide nitrogen is mainly produced by a first substance of the mixture which covers the structural element of the trap. This substance contains metals and especially metals precious.
  • the first substance partly allows the storage of nitrogen dioxide as nitrates but this step is mainly due to a second substance in the mixture which covers the trap.
  • the oxidation reaction has kinetics which is slow at low temperatures, i.e. at temperatures of the order of 200 to 300 ° C and which increases depending on the temperature.
  • the trap then allows the storage of nitrogen dioxide formed in the initiation catalyst as well as nitrogen dioxide formed in the nitrogen oxide trap.
  • Another solution is to increase the amount of precious metals, on the structure of the nitrogen oxide trap.
  • increasing the amount of metals precious lowers the oxidation temperature of nitric oxide which increases the kinetics of the oxidation reaction, and by therefore improves the storage capacity of the low trap temperature.
  • the invention offers a device for treating the exhaust gases of a combustion engine of the type which is inserted in the line exhaust and which has a support member which is crossed from upstream to downstream by the exhaust gases and which is coated with a mixture of at least one first substance which allows the oxidation of nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide and of a second substance which allows the storage of dioxide nitrogen, characterized in that the concentration of the first substance in the mixture decreases from upstream to downstream of the structural element so as to improve the ability of storage of nitrogen dioxide from the treatment device, especially when the exhaust gas temperature is less than 400 ° C.
  • FIG. 1 shows a processing device 10 of the exhaust gases G of a combustion engine 12.
  • the engine 12 can be a diesel engine or a gasoline operating in a lean mixture such as a gasoline with direct injection.
  • An exhaust line 14 allows the flow of gases G from engine 12 to the atmosphere.
  • a processing device 10 intended to purify the exhaust gases G is arranged to inside of line 14. It mainly consists of a catalyst 16 located in a room.
  • the catalyst 16 consists of a support element 18 which is crossed from upstream to downstream by the exhaust gases G.
  • the support member 18 is coated with a mixture.
  • the mixture is consisting of a first substance 20, represented on the figures by black discs 20, which mainly allows a first stage of oxidation of nitrogen monoxide to dioxide nitrogen and a second substance 22, shown in the figures by black circles 22, which mainly allows a second stage of adsorption of nitrogen dioxide.
  • catalyst 16 will therefore be called oxide trap nitrogen 16.
  • the first substance 20 contains metals, especially precious metals.
  • the second substance 22 is meanwhile, made from alkali or alkaline earth.
  • Catalyst 16 can also include a substance which reduces nitrogen oxides when mixing air / fuel is rich.
  • Catalyst 16 may also contain substances to oxidize unburnt hydrocarbons, as well as carbon oxides present in the exhaust gases which run on line 14.
  • the concentrations of first and second substance 20, 22 in the mixture are evenly distributed over the support element 18 of the trap 16.
  • such a processing device 10 does not have not sufficient storage capacity for nitrogen oxides to low temperature.
  • the invention proposes that the concentration of the first substance 20 in the mixture is decreasing from upstream to downstream of the structural element 18, so as to improve the nitrogen oxides storage capacity of the treatment 10, especially when the gas temperature exhaust temperature is less than 400 ° C.
  • the concentration of the first substance 20 upstream of the nitrogen oxides 16 according to the invention is greater than the homogeneous, i.e. constant, concentration of the first substance of a nitrogen oxide trap according to the state of the art.
  • the variation in the concentration of the first substance causes an inverse variation in the concentration of the second substance.
  • the concentration of the first substance 20 is lower than the concentration of the first substance in a trap with nitrogen oxides according to the state of the art.
  • FIG. 2 represents a support element 18 made up of a single monolith which is coated with a mixture whose concentration of the first substance 20 is higher in upstream than downstream of the nitrogen oxide trap 16.
  • the variation in concentration of the first substance 20 is regular between upstream and downstream of the support element 18. This solution is advantageous because nitrogen dioxide is formed near the areas in which nitrogen dioxide is adsorbed than what promotes this step.
  • varying the concentration of the first substance 20 is done in stages. So the element of support 18 has several zones. The concentration of first substance 20 of an area is always less than the concentration of the first substance 20 in the adjacent area located upstream.
  • the support element 18 may consist of a upstream monolith 24 and a downstream monolith 26 which are juxtaposed in the exhaust line 14 of the combustion engine 12.
  • Each upstream 24 and downstream 26 monolith can correspond to an area which is coated with a mixture whose composition presents a concentration of the first and the second substances 20 and 22 which are constantly distributed upstream and downstream of the area.
  • the concentration of the first substance of the upstream monolith 24 then being greater than that of the downstream monolith 26.
  • the first substance 20 comprises a precious metal which may for example be platinum, palladium and / or radium.
  • a nitrogen oxide trap 16 produced according to the invention thus allows, with an equal quantity of first substance 20, increase the storage capacity due to nitrogen oxide trap 16 at low temperature compared to a nitrogen oxide trap made according to the state of the art.
  • the invention makes it possible to reduce significantly the overall amount of first substance 20 therefore precious metals, and therefore the manufacturing cost nitrogen oxide trap 16.
  • the decrease in the amount of first substance 20 also reduces the dimensions of the support element 18 as well as those of the oxide trap of nitrogen 16, which reduces the overall size and weight of the exhaust line 14.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
EP20010403246 2000-12-22 2001-12-14 Einrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung von Verbrennungsmotoren Expired - Lifetime EP1225312B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0016862A FR2818688B1 (fr) 2000-12-22 2000-12-22 Dispositif de traitement des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion
FR0016862 2000-12-22
FR1686200 2000-12-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1225312A2 true EP1225312A2 (de) 2002-07-24
EP1225312A3 EP1225312A3 (de) 2004-05-19
EP1225312B1 EP1225312B1 (de) 2006-03-01

Family

ID=8858072

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20010403246 Expired - Lifetime EP1225312B1 (de) 2000-12-22 2001-12-14 Einrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung von Verbrennungsmotoren

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1225312B1 (de)
DE (1) DE60117509T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2818688B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1273773A3 (de) * 2001-07-02 2003-11-12 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Abgasreinigungssystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0716876A1 (de) * 1994-12-16 1996-06-19 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Katalysator zur Abgasreinigung
JPH08215545A (ja) * 1995-02-16 1996-08-27 Kobe Steel Ltd 一酸化窒素の除去方法
WO1998010177A1 (de) * 1996-09-05 1998-03-12 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Abgasreinigungsverfahren für eine brennkraftmaschine
EP1033161A1 (de) * 1999-02-25 2000-09-06 DORNIER GmbH Verfahren und Anordnung zur Speicherung von in einem Gas enthaltenen Stickstoffoxiden

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0716876A1 (de) * 1994-12-16 1996-06-19 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Katalysator zur Abgasreinigung
JPH08215545A (ja) * 1995-02-16 1996-08-27 Kobe Steel Ltd 一酸化窒素の除去方法
WO1998010177A1 (de) * 1996-09-05 1998-03-12 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Abgasreinigungsverfahren für eine brennkraftmaschine
EP1033161A1 (de) * 1999-02-25 2000-09-06 DORNIER GmbH Verfahren und Anordnung zur Speicherung von in einem Gas enthaltenen Stickstoffoxiden

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 12, 26 décembre 1996 (1996-12-26) & JP 08 215545 A (KOBE STEEL LTD), 27 août 1996 (1996-08-27) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1273773A3 (de) * 2001-07-02 2003-11-12 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Abgasreinigungssystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2818688B1 (fr) 2003-06-27
FR2818688A1 (fr) 2002-06-28
DE60117509D1 (de) 2006-04-27
DE60117509T2 (de) 2006-08-31
EP1225312B1 (de) 2006-03-01
EP1225312A3 (de) 2004-05-19

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