EP1224381B1 - Device for compensating axial thrust in a turbomachine - Google Patents

Device for compensating axial thrust in a turbomachine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1224381B1
EP1224381B1 EP00975947A EP00975947A EP1224381B1 EP 1224381 B1 EP1224381 B1 EP 1224381B1 EP 00975947 A EP00975947 A EP 00975947A EP 00975947 A EP00975947 A EP 00975947A EP 1224381 B1 EP1224381 B1 EP 1224381B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
seal
axial
rotor
end seal
housing
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EP00975947A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1224381A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Urlichs
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Alstom Power Turbinen GmbH
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Alstom Power Turbinen GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D3/00Machines or engines with axial-thrust balancing effected by working-fluid
    • F01D3/04Machines or engines with axial-thrust balancing effected by working-fluid axial thrust being compensated by thrust-balancing dummy piston or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00Control
    • F05D2270/30Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05D2270/301Pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for compensating the Axial thrust in turbomachines according to the preamble of Claim 1.
  • From DE-GM 17 01 436 is an auxiliary device trained device for Axialkraftkompensation known which is available in addition to a thrust bearing.
  • the thrust bearing absorbs the axial forces.
  • the device is the partial compensation of the axial forces activated.
  • WO 99/30007 From WO 99/30007 is a turbine with a Balancing piston known in which a brush seal on Equalizing piston is provided.
  • the respective diameter of axial seal and Radial seal is dependent on the functional diameter the turbo machine selected.
  • the axial seal is preferably as a mechanical seal or designed as a brush seal.
  • the use of a Slip ring or brush seal results in a rigid seal assembly, the only too small displacements of the Turbine rotor leads.
  • the axial seal is another axial seal juxtaposed with a larger base gap width Is provided.
  • This secondary seal serves as a safety seal. It is only due to its larger base gap Use when the main seal fails.
  • the rotor be associated with a thrust bearing, due to its Gap width only with extreme opening of the seal chamber Use comes in normal operation and no axial forces transmits and causes no friction losses.
  • FIG. 1 shows the partial area of a turbomachine 1 with a rotor 2 and a housing 3. Between the housing 3 and the rotor 2 a plurality of guide wheels and running wheels, not shown in FIG. 1, are arranged in the area marked 4. The guide wheels connected to the housing 3 and the wheels connected to the rotor 2 are flowed through by a medium 5, which has a pre-pressure p 1 and is supplied via a connecting piece 5. After flowing through the wheels, the medium has a final pressure p 2 .
  • a rotating in a compensation chamber disc which forms a compensating piston 9 in conjunction with a radial seal 7 and a Axiadichtung 8.
  • the pressure after the balance piston 9 is ensured by a compensation line 10 in a space 11, which is acted upon by the final pressure p 2 .
  • the example formed as a brush seal axial seal 8 is disposed on a predetermined diameter d k and fixed to the housing 3.
  • gap width S referred to as the axial gap width
  • the gap width S being reduced by the amount of thrust movement in the event of a pushing movement of the running wheels and of the rotor 2 in the direction of the arrow F ax , since the compensating piston 9 also carries out the pushing movement.
  • the axial seal 8 is designed very "stiff", their tightness changes even with small changes in the gap width S to a considerable extent.
  • With reduced gap width S of the pressure in the compensation chamber 6 reaches almost the pressure level of the form p 1 .
  • a pressure which equals the final pressure p 2 arises due to the equalization line 10 in the compensation chamber 6.
  • the functional diameter of the turbomachinery d i and d m are matched with the arrangement diameter d k of the axial seal and not shown in FIG. 1 arrangement diameter d z of the radial seal 7 so that all boundary areas of the application detected become. Due to the absolutely self-regulating process, the displacement force of the running path is constantly compensated, so that the balance of power is always maintained even with fluctuating axial thrusts.
  • Figure 2 shows a partial section of the housing 3 with the nozzle 5 for the under a form p, fed medium.
  • the impeller in the region 4 with the mean diameter d m of its blading is flowed through by the medium, resulting in an axial thrust in the direction of arrow F ax .
  • the compensating piston 9 protrudes into the compensation chamber 6, wherein between its outer diameter d z and the housing 3, the radial seal 7 is provided.
  • the axial seal 8 is formed as an axially acting mechanical seal, which consists of undivided seals, the fluid-supported slide on each other.
  • a sliding ring 12 is the housing 3 and a counter ring 13 is associated with the balance piston 9 to form a gap width S.
  • the cut according to Figure 3 shows a radially inward between the balance piston 9 and the housing 3 arranged axial seal 8 with a gap width S.
  • axial seal 8a In order to increase the operational safety is positioned radially outward acting as a security seal further axial seal 8a n with S has a greater gap width than the axial seal 8. The axial seal 8a will therefore come only when failure of the axial seal 8 are used.
  • the pressure in the chamber 6a is measured and compared with the final pressure p 2 .
  • the axial seals 8 and 8a are arranged next to one another in the axial direction, with the axial seal 8a having its larger gap width S n only being used when the axial seal 8 should fail.
  • the pressure in the chamber 6a is measured and compared with the final pressure p 2 .
  • FIG. 5 A section of the illustration according to FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 5 shown.
  • a thrust bearing 14 intended. Due to the distances 15 and 16 is the Thrust bearing including an injection lubrication so designed so that it is used only in the border area. On This way, the usual losses of this camp avoided.

Abstract

A device for compensating an axial thrust in a turbomachine is described. A compensating piston is disposed in a compensation chamber and contains at least one radial seal operant between a rotor and a housing of the turbomachine in addition to a running wheel secured to the rotor. An axial seal is provided between a side surface pertaining to the compensating piston and the housing. An axial gap width is variable in the same manner as the axial displacement of the running wheel occurring during operation and the compensating piston is impinged upon by the pressure prevailing in the compensating chamber according to the axial gap width.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zur Kompensierung des Axialschubes bei Turbomaschinen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for compensating the Axial thrust in turbomachines according to the preamble of Claim 1.

Mit einer derartigen allgemein bekannten Einrichtung sollen unter Einsatz eines Ausgleichskolbens die in einer Turbomaschine auftretenden Axialkräfte kompensiert werden. Derartige Axialkräfte treten sowohl bei Turbinen als auch bei Verdichtern auf. Zur Verbesserung des Kräfteausgleichs werden mehrere Ausgleichskolben in einer stufenweisen Anordnung vorgesehen. Das Verhalten einzelner Stufen der Dampfturbine wird dadurch berücksichtigt, dass mehrere Ringflächen vorgesehen sind, die mit den in den Stufen herrschenden entsprechenden Drücken beaufschlagt werden. Dazu werden Ausgleichsleitungen von den Stufengruppen benötigt und außerdem muß das Verhalten der Stufen durch geeignete Dichtungen nachgebildet werden. Mit dieser aufwendigen Anordnung ist zwar ein Schubausgleich möglich. Allerdings wird grundsätzlich noch ein konventionelles Axiallager benötigt.With such a well-known device to using a balance piston in a Turbomachine occurring axial forces are compensated. Such axial forces occur both in turbines and at Compress on. To improve the balance of power several balance piston in a stepped arrangement intended. The behavior of individual stages of the steam turbine is taken into account by having multiple ring surfaces are provided with those prevailing in the stages corresponding pressures are applied. To do this Compensation lines from the step groups needed and Furthermore, the behavior of the stages must be Gaskets are simulated. With this elaborate Although arrangement is a thrust compensation possible. Indeed is basically still a conventional thrust bearing needed.

Aus dem DE-GM 17 01 436 ist eine als Hilfseinrichtung ausgebildete Einrichtung zur Axialkraftkompensation bekannt, die zusätzlich zu einem Axiallager vorhanden ist. Im Normalbetrieb nimmt das Drucklager die Axialkräfte auf. Nur bei Überlastung des Drucklagers, d. h. bei großen Axialbewegungen des Turbinenrotors, wird die Einrichtung zur teilweisen Kompensation der Axialkräfte aktiviert. From DE-GM 17 01 436 is an auxiliary device trained device for Axialkraftkompensation known which is available in addition to a thrust bearing. in the Normal operation, the thrust bearing absorbs the axial forces. Just if the pressure bearing is overloaded, d. H. at big Axial movements of the turbine rotor, the device is the partial compensation of the axial forces activated.

Aus der DE C 541 079 ist eine Dampfturbine bekannt, bei der ein teilweiser Axialkraftausgleich mittels eines Ausgleichskolbens erreicht wird. Dabei wird ein von dem Ausgleichskolben, einer Axialdichtung und einer Radialdichtung begrenzter Raum mit einer tieferen Stufe oder dem Kondensator verbunden. Um Beschädigungen der Dichtungen vor allem im Leerlauf der Turbine und bei instationären Betriebszusttänden zu verhindern, ist eine Einrichtung erforderlich, die den Rotor der Dampfturbine durch äußere Kräfte von den Dichtungen wegschiebt.From DE C 541 079 a steam turbine is known in the a partial Axialkraftausgleich by means of a Balancing piston is achieved. This is one of the Balance piston, an axial seal and a Radial seal limited space with a lower level or connected to the capacitor. To damage the seals especially when the turbine is idling and unsteady To prevent operating conditions is a device required by the rotor of the steam turbine by external Forces away from the seals.

Aus der für die gleiche Anmelderin eingereichten DE 44 22 594 A1 ist eine Kondensationsturbine mit mindesten zwei Gleitringdichtungen zur Abdichtung des Turbinengehäuses bekannt, bei der Spalt zwischen Gleitring und dem mit dem Rotor umlaufenden Gegenring unabhängig von der Wärmedehnung der Kondensationsturbine ist. Auftretende Längenänderungen werden dadurch ausgeglichen, dass der Gegenring federbelastet gegen den Gleitring gepresst wird. Deshalb können die Axialkräfte durch die aus der DE 44 22 594 bekannte Dichtungsanordnung nicht selbstätig ausgeregelt werden. Dies erfolgt über eine Ausgleichsleitung von der Abdampfseite der Kondensationsturbine zu dem von zwei Gleitringdichtungen und dem Ausgleichskolben begrenzten Raum. Außerdem benötigt diese Kondensationsturbine mindestens ein Axiallager zur Aufnahme der nicht kompensierten Axialschübe.From the filed for the same applicant DE 44 22 594 A1 is a condensation turbine with at least two Mechanical seals for sealing the turbine housing known at the gap between the sliding ring and the with the Rotor rotating counter ring regardless of the thermal expansion the condensation turbine is. Occurring changes in length be compensated by the fact that the mating ring spring loaded is pressed against the seal ring. That is why the Axialkräfte by known from DE 44 22 594 Sealing arrangement can not be regulated selbstätig. This takes place via a compensation line from the exhaust steam side of Condensing turbine to that of two mechanical seals and the compensating piston limited space. It also needs this Condensing turbine at least one thrust bearing for receiving the uncompensated axial thrusts.

Aus der WO 99/30007 ist eine Turbine mit einem Ausgleichskolben bekannt, bei der eine Bürstendichtung am Ausgleichskolben vorgesehen ist.From WO 99/30007 is a turbine with a Balancing piston known in which a brush seal on Equalizing piston is provided.

Es stellt sich die Aufgabe, eine Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, die bei einfachen Aufbau und ohne nennenswerte Einbußen beim Wirkungsgrad der Turbomaschine eine möglichst vollständige Axialschubkompensation erlaubt.It turns the job, a device of the beginning specify the type mentioned, the simple structure and without Significant losses in the efficiency of the turbomachine allows as complete as possible axial thrust compensation.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale. Danach ist zwischen einer Seitenfläche des Ausgleichskolbens und dem Gehäuse eine Axialdichtung vorgesehen, deren Axialspaltweite analog der betriebsbedingten Axialverschiebung des Laufrades variierbar ist. Der Axialkolben wird mit dem in Abhängigkeit der Axialspaltweite in der Ausgleichskammer herrschenden Druck beaufschlagt. Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung erfordert nur einen von einer Axialdichtung, einer Radialdichtung, dem Gehäuse und dem Ausgleichskolben begrenzten Ringraum, einen von Rotor und Gehäuse begrenzten weiteren Raum und eine Ausgleichsleitung. Ein Axiallager ist nicht erforderlich. Trotz dieses einfachen Aufbaus findet bei allen Betriebszuständen der Turbomaschine eine vollständige Kompensation der Axialkräfte statt.This object is achieved according to the invention by the im Claim 1 specified features. After that is between a Side surface of the balance piston and the housing a Axial seal provided whose axial gap width analogous to operational axial displacement of the impeller variable is. The axial piston is with the function of the Axial gap width in the compensation chamber prevailing pressure applied. The device according to the invention requires only one of an axial seal, a radial seal, the Housing and the balance piston limited annulus, one of rotor and housing limited space and another Compensation line. A thrust bearing is not required. Despite this simple construction takes place at all Operating conditions of the turbomachine a complete Compensation of axial forces instead.

Selbst eine geringfügige Axialverschiebung des Laufrades führt durch den ebenfalls mit dem Rotor verbundenen Ausgleichskolben zu einer Änderung der Spaltweite in axialer Richtung. Die dadurch bewirkte Beeinflussung der Dichtwirkung der Axialdichtung verändert auch den auf die Kolbenfläche wirkenden Druck. Die erfindungsgemäße Dichtungsanordnung führt zu einer automatisierten Druckregelung auf dieser Fläche, bei der sich die axiale Lage des Laufrades selbsttätig einstellt und eine vollständige Kompensierung der Axialkräfte der Laufräder mit der Axialkraft des Ausgleichskolbens stattfindet. Für diesen selbstregelneden Schubausgleich ist es notwendig, eine Axialdichtung mit hervorragender Dichtwirkung einzusetzen, da sonst die axialen Bewegungen des Rotors zu groß sind.Even a slight axial displacement of the impeller leads through the also connected to the rotor Balance piston to a change in the gap width in the axial Direction. The effect thereby influencing the sealing effect the axial seal also changes the piston surface acting pressure. The seal arrangement according to the invention leads to an automated pressure control on this Area at which the axial position of the impeller automatically stops and a full compensation of the Axial forces of the wheels with the axial force of the Balancing piston takes place. For this selbstregelneden Thrust compensation, it is necessary to use an axial seal use excellent sealing effect, otherwise the axial Movements of the rotor are too big.

Der jeweilige Durchmesser von Axialdichtung und Radialdichtung ist in Abhängigkeit der funktionellen Durchmesser der Turbomaschine gewählt. The respective diameter of axial seal and Radial seal is dependent on the functional diameter the turbo machine selected.

Bei richtiger Wahl dieser Parameter stellt sich bei extrem kleinem Axialspalt der Axialdichtung in der Ausgleichskammer nahezu der vordruck der Turbomaschine ein, während bei sehr großem Spalt aufgrund einer Ausgleichsleitung der Enddruck der Turbomaschine in der Ausgleichskammer wirkt. Damit sind auch die extremen Werte der möglichen Schubkräfte abgedeckt.With proper choice of these parameters turns out to be extreme small axial gap of the axial seal in the compensation chamber almost the pre-pressure of the turbomachine, while at very large gap due to a compensation line the final pressure the turbomachine acts in the compensation chamber. This is also covered the extreme values of possible thrust forces.

Damit die Kompensierung aller möglichen Schubkräfte erfolgen kann, sind die Dichtwirkungen der Axialdichtung und der Radialdichtung aufeinander abgestimmt.So that the compensation of all possible shear forces take place can, are the sealing effects of the axial seal and the Radial seal matched.

Die Axialdichtung ist vorzugsweise als Gleitringdichtung oder als Bürstendichtung ausgebildet. Die Verwendung einer Gleitring- oder Bürstendichtung ergibt eine steife Dichtungsanordnung, die nur zu geringen Verschiebungen des Turbinenläufers führt.The axial seal is preferably as a mechanical seal or designed as a brush seal. The use of a Slip ring or brush seal results in a rigid seal assembly, the only too small displacements of the Turbine rotor leads.

Der Axialdichtung ist eine andere weitere Axialdichtung nebengeordnet, die mit einer größeren Basisspaltweite ausgestattet ist.The axial seal is another axial seal juxtaposed with a larger base gap width Is provided.

Diese nebengeordnete Dichtung dient als Sicherheitsdichtung. Sie kommt aufgrund Ihrer größeren Basisspaltweite erst zum Einsatz, wenn die Hauptdichtung versagt.This secondary seal serves as a safety seal. It is only due to its larger base gap Use when the main seal fails.

Zur Absicherung instationärer Betriebszustände kann dem Rotor ein Axiallager zugeordnet sein, das aufgrund seiner Spaltweite nur bei extremem Öffnen der Dichtungskammer zu Einsatz kommt und im Normalbetrieb keine Axialkräfte überträgt und keine Reibungsverluste verurusacht.To safeguard unsteady operating states, the rotor be associated with a thrust bearing, due to its Gap width only with extreme opening of the seal chamber Use comes in normal operation and no axial forces transmits and causes no friction losses.

Anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und der schematischen Zeichnungen Figur 1 bis 5 wird die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung beschrieben.Based on exemplary embodiments and the schematic Drawings Figure 1 to 5 is the inventive Device described.

Dabei zeigen:

Fig. 1:
einen Längsschnitt durch einen Teilbereich der Turbomaschine mit einer Dichtungsanordnung,
Fig. 2:
einen Längsschnitt gemäß Fig. 1 mit einer anderen Dichtungsanordnung
Fig. 3:
einen Teilausschnitt mit 2 radial angeordneten Axialdichtungen,
Fig. 4:
einen Teilausschnitt mit 2 axial angeordneten Axialdichtungen und
Fig. 5:
eine Anordnung gemäß Fig. 3 mit einem Axiallager
Showing:
Fig. 1:
a longitudinal section through a portion of the turbomachine with a seal assembly,
Fig. 2:
a longitudinal section of FIG. 1 with a different seal arrangement
3:
a partial section with 2 radially arranged axial seals,
4:
a partial section with 2 axially arranged axial seals and
Fig. 5:
an arrangement of FIG. 3 with a thrust bearing

Die Figur 1 zeigt den Teilbereich einer Turbomaschine 1 mit einem Rotor 2 und einem Gehäuse 3. Zwischen dem Gehäuse 3 und dem Rotor 2 sind mehrere in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellte Leiträder und Laufräder in dem mit 4 gekennzeicheneten Bereich angeordnet. Die mit dem Gehäuse 3 verbundenen Leiträder und die mit dem Rotor 2 verbundenen Laufräder werden von einem über einen Stutzen 5 zugeführten Medium, das einen Vordruck p1 aufweist, durchströmt. Nach dem Durchströmen der Laufräder weist das Medium einen Enddruck p2 auf.FIG. 1 shows the partial area of a turbomachine 1 with a rotor 2 and a housing 3. Between the housing 3 and the rotor 2 a plurality of guide wheels and running wheels, not shown in FIG. 1, are arranged in the area marked 4. The guide wheels connected to the housing 3 and the wheels connected to the rotor 2 are flowed through by a medium 5, which has a pre-pressure p 1 and is supplied via a connecting piece 5. After flowing through the wheels, the medium has a final pressure p 2 .

Ebenfalls mit dem Rotor 2 verbunden ist eine in einer Ausgleichskammer umlaufende Scheibe, die in Verbindung mit einer Radialdichtung 7 und einer Axiadichtung 8 einen Ausgleichskolben 9 bildet. Der Druck nach dem Ausgleichskolben 9 wird durch eine Ausgleichsleitung 10 in einen Raum 11 sichergestellt, der mit dem Enddruck p2 beaufschlagt ist. Die beispielsweise als Bürstendichtung ausgebildete Axialdichtung 8 ist auf einem mit dk bezeichneten vorgegebenen Durchmesser angeordnet und am Gehäuse 3 befestigt. Sie belässt eine als Axialspaltweite bezeichnete Spaltweite S zu einer Seitenfläche des Ausgleichskolbens 9, wobei die Spaltweite S bei einer Schubbewegung der Laufräder und des Rotors 2 in Pfeilrichtung Fax um das Maß der Schubbewegung reduziert wird, da der Ausgleichskolben 9 die Schubbewegung mit ausführt. Da die Axialdichtung 8 sehr "steif" ausgeführt ist, ändert sich ihre Dichtigkeit schon bei kleinen Änderungen der Spaltweite S in erheblichem Maße. Bei reduzierter Spaltweite S erreicht der der Druck in der Ausgleichskammer 6 nahezu das Druckniveau des Vordrucks p1. Bei großer Spaltweite S stellt sich aufgrund der Ausgleichsleitung 10 in der Ausgleichskammer 6 ein Druck ein, der dem Enddruck p2 gleichkommt. Die funktionellen Durchmesser der Turbomaschinen di und dm (innerer und mittlerer Durchmesser der Beschaufelung) sind dabei mit dem Anordnungsdurchmesser dk der Axialdichtung und den in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellten Anordnungsdurchmesser dz der Radialdichtung 7 so abgestimmt, daß alle Grenzbereiche der Anwendung erfaßt werden. Durch den absolut selbst regelnden Vorgang wird die Verschiebekraft des Laufweges ständig kompensiert, so daß das Kräftegleichgewicht auch bei schwankenden Axialschüben stets erhalten bleibt.Also connected to the rotor 2 is a rotating in a compensation chamber disc, which forms a compensating piston 9 in conjunction with a radial seal 7 and a Axiadichtung 8. The pressure after the balance piston 9 is ensured by a compensation line 10 in a space 11, which is acted upon by the final pressure p 2 . The example formed as a brush seal axial seal 8 is disposed on a predetermined diameter d k and fixed to the housing 3. It leaves a gap width S, referred to as the axial gap width, to a side surface of the compensating piston 9, the gap width S being reduced by the amount of thrust movement in the event of a pushing movement of the running wheels and of the rotor 2 in the direction of the arrow F ax , since the compensating piston 9 also carries out the pushing movement. Since the axial seal 8 is designed very "stiff", their tightness changes even with small changes in the gap width S to a considerable extent. With reduced gap width S of the pressure in the compensation chamber 6 reaches almost the pressure level of the form p 1 . In the case of a large gap width S, a pressure, which equals the final pressure p 2, arises due to the equalization line 10 in the compensation chamber 6. The functional diameter of the turbomachinery d i and d m (inner and middle diameter of the blading) are matched with the arrangement diameter d k of the axial seal and not shown in FIG. 1 arrangement diameter d z of the radial seal 7 so that all boundary areas of the application detected become. Due to the absolutely self-regulating process, the displacement force of the running path is constantly compensated, so that the balance of power is always maintained even with fluctuating axial thrusts.

Figur 2 zeigt einen Teilausschnitt des Gehäuses 3 mit dem Stutzen 5 für das unter einem Vordruck p, zugeführte Medium. Das Laufrad im Bereich 4 mit dem mittleren Durchmesser dm seiner Beschaufelung wird von dem Medium durchströmt, was zu einem Axialschub in Pfeilrichtung Fax führt. Der Ausgleichskolben 9 ragt in die Ausgleichskammer 6, wobei zwischen seinem Außendurchmesser dz und dem Gehäuse 3 die Radialdichtung 7 vorgesehen ist. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Axialdichtung 8 als axial wirkende Gleitringdichtung ausgebildet, die aus ungeteilten Dichtungen besteht, die fluidgestützt aufeinander gleiten. Ein Gleitring 12 ist dem Gehäuse 3 und ein Gegenring 13 ist dem Ausgleichskolben 9 unter Bildung einer Spaltweite S zugeordnet. Bei richtiger Abstimmung von Axialdichtung 8 und Radialdichtung 7 hinsichtlich Ihrer Dichtwirkung lässt sich auch hier der zu Figur 1 beschriebene Regelvorgang erzielen.Figure 2 shows a partial section of the housing 3 with the nozzle 5 for the under a form p, fed medium. The impeller in the region 4 with the mean diameter d m of its blading is flowed through by the medium, resulting in an axial thrust in the direction of arrow F ax . The compensating piston 9 protrudes into the compensation chamber 6, wherein between its outer diameter d z and the housing 3, the radial seal 7 is provided. In this embodiment, the axial seal 8 is formed as an axially acting mechanical seal, which consists of undivided seals, the fluid-supported slide on each other. A sliding ring 12 is the housing 3 and a counter ring 13 is associated with the balance piston 9 to form a gap width S. With proper coordination of axial seal 8 and radial seal 7 with respect to their sealing effect, the control process described in FIG. 1 can also be achieved here.

Der Ausschnitt nach Figur 3 zeigt eine radial innen zwischen dem Ausgleichskolben 9 und dem Gehäuse 3 angeordnete Axialdichtung 8 mit einer Spaltweite S. Zur Erhöhung der Betriebssicherheit ist radial außen eine als Sicherheitsdichtung wirkende weitere Axialdichtung 8a angeordnet, die mit Sn eine größere Spaltweite aufweist als die Axialdichtung 8. Die Axialdichtung 8a wird daher erst beim Versagen der Axialdichtung 8 zum Einsatz kommen. Zur Überwachung der Funktion der Hauptdichtung 8 wird der Druck in der Kammer 6a gemessen und mit dem Enddruck p2 verglichen.The cut according to Figure 3 shows a radially inward between the balance piston 9 and the housing 3 arranged axial seal 8 with a gap width S. In order to increase the operational safety is positioned radially outward acting as a security seal further axial seal 8a n with S has a greater gap width than the axial seal 8. The axial seal 8a will therefore come only when failure of the axial seal 8 are used. To monitor the function of the main seal 8, the pressure in the chamber 6a is measured and compared with the final pressure p 2 .

In der Figur 4 sind die Axialdichtungen 8 und 8a in axialer Richtung nebeneinander angeordnet, wobei die Axialdichtung 8a mit Ihrer größeren Spaltweite Sn erst dann zum Einsatz kommt, wenn die Axialdichtung 8 versagen sollte. Zur Überwachung der Funktion der Hauptdichtung 8 wird der Druck in der Kammer 6a gemessen und mit dem Enddruck p2 verglichen.In FIG. 4, the axial seals 8 and 8a are arranged next to one another in the axial direction, with the axial seal 8a having its larger gap width S n only being used when the axial seal 8 should fail. To monitor the function of the main seal 8, the pressure in the chamber 6a is measured and compared with the final pressure p 2 .

Ein Ausschnitt der Abbildung nach Figur 1 ist in Figur 5 dargestellt. In Weiterbildung zu Figur 1 ist in Figur 5 zur Absicherung instationärer Betriebsabläufe ein Axiallager 14 vorgesehen. Aufgrund der Abstände 15 und 16 ist das Axiallager einschließlich einer Einspritzschmierung so ausgelegt, daß es nur im Grenzbereich zum Einsatz kommt. Auf diese Weise werden die sonst üblichen Verluste dieses Lagers vermieden.A section of the illustration according to FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 5 shown. In a further development to Figure 1 is in Figure 5 for Securing transient operations a thrust bearing 14 intended. Due to the distances 15 and 16 is the Thrust bearing including an injection lubrication so designed so that it is used only in the border area. On This way, the usual losses of this camp avoided.

Claims (8)

  1. Device for compensating axial thrust in turbo-engines, with a radial seal (7) that takes effect between a rotor (2) and a housing (3), with an end seal (8) that takes effect between the rotor (2) and the housing (3), and with a relieving piston (9) fitted on the rotor (2), whereby the relieving piston (9), the housing (3), the radial seal (7) and the end seal define a compensating chamber (6), whereby the axial gap width (S) of the end seal (8) can be varied in a manner analogous to the operational axial displacement of the rotor (2), and with a pressure equalising pipe for bringing about pressure equalisation between the low pressure zone of the turbo-engine and the device for compensating axial thrust, characterised in that the end seal (8) is situated between a lateral surface of the relieving piston (9) and the housing (3), that the relieving piston (9) is actuated by the prevailing pressure in the compensating chamber (6), depending on the axial gap width (S), and that the pressure equalising pipe (10) acts upon a further space, which is located between the compensating chamber (6) and the surroundings and defined by the housing (3) and the rotor (2), with the ultimate pressure (p2).
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the respective diameter (dκ, and d z ) of the end seal (8) and the radial seal (7) is selected in mutual dependence on the functional diameter (dl and dm) of the turbo-engine.
  3. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the seal effects of the end seal (8) and the radial seal (7) are attuned to one another.
  4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the end seal (8) is an axial face seal.
  5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the end seal (8) is a brush seal.
  6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the end seal (8) is an adaptive seal with a small gap width.
  7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the end seal (8) has an additional adjoining end seal (8a) that is provided with a larger base gap width (Sn).
  8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the rotor (2) is allocated a thrust bearing (14) as a safeguard against non-steady operating conditions.
EP00975947A 1999-10-27 2000-10-27 Device for compensating axial thrust in a turbomachine Expired - Lifetime EP1224381B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19951570 1999-10-27
DE19951570A DE19951570A1 (en) 1999-10-27 1999-10-27 Device for compensating the axial thrust in turbomachinery
PCT/EP2000/010619 WO2001031169A1 (en) 1999-10-27 2000-10-27 Device for compensating axial thrust in a turbomachine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1224381A1 EP1224381A1 (en) 2002-07-24
EP1224381B1 true EP1224381B1 (en) 2005-02-02

Family

ID=7926934

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00975947A Expired - Lifetime EP1224381B1 (en) 1999-10-27 2000-10-27 Device for compensating axial thrust in a turbomachine

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US6609882B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1224381B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4485729B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE288536T1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ297939B6 (en)
DE (2) DE19951570A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2235985T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2001031169A1 (en)

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US8186933B2 (en) * 2009-03-24 2012-05-29 General Electric Company Systems, methods, and apparatus for passive purge flow control in a turbine
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2235985T3 (en) 2005-07-16
JP2003513188A (en) 2003-04-08
DE50009437D1 (en) 2005-03-10
DE19951570A1 (en) 2001-05-03
CZ297939B6 (en) 2007-05-02
JP4485729B2 (en) 2010-06-23
WO2001031169A1 (en) 2001-05-03
US20020197150A1 (en) 2002-12-26
ATE288536T1 (en) 2005-02-15
CZ20021454A3 (en) 2002-10-16
EP1224381A1 (en) 2002-07-24
US6609882B2 (en) 2003-08-26

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