EP1221535B1 - Axial combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

Axial internal combustion engine comprises a linear shaft consisting of an outer main flywheel (1), a regulating flywheel for the compression ratio, a path flywheel (3), and an eccentric flywheel (4). These components form a STROFEA. Preferred Features: The path flywheel has a central cylindrical core (31) surrounded by a shaft-like protruding ring (32) with a cylindrical outer surface. The other two surfaces of the ring form grooves so that each center line represents a continuous, undulating three-dimensional curve (33) with 4 or 8 apexes arranged symmetrically along the periphery.

Description

The invention belongs to the category of internal combustion piston engine which for driving all types of vehicles, ships, aircraft, construction machinery, Agricultural machinery, machinery factories, generators, pumps, Compressors and generally where a drive is needed Use finds.

In all combustion piston engines, the rectilinear motion of Pistons converted by the crankshaft into a uniform rotational motion.

In all 4-stroke engines, expansion work is performed every other revolution made the crankshaft. For this purpose, parallel to the Crankshaft the camshaft which actuates the intake and exhaust valves. The required services are achieved by increasing the number of cylinders.

The characteristic variable in all these engines is the torque delivered at certain power and operating speed. The relationship of the above quantities is represented by the following equation: N = M • ω where N represents the power, M the torque, ω = 2π-n the angular velocity and n the operating speed of the engine.

The piston speed upwards is different to that down in all engines with crankshafts. The mathematical relationship between these speeds is: V 1 = ω r (sin φ + r sin2φ / 2s) V 2 = wr (sin φ-r sin2φ / 2s) where ω is the angular velocity, r is the radius of the crankshaft, φ is the instantaneous angle of the crankshaft, and s is the length of the connecting rod.

It is obvious that assuming a uniform rotational movement the wave (ω = constant), the forces due to the back and forth moved Masses are never dynamically balanced. This has the limitation of Piston speed within certain safety limits depending on engine manufacturer result. Of course, compliance with these limits is limited the power and torque of the engine.

The above-mentioned disadvantages of the classic engines with crankshaft and camshaft are picked up by an axial combustion piston machine which accounts for the crankshafts and camshafts, which are straight through a single Wave to be replaced. The conversion of the reciprocal piston movement into one uniform rotational movement is done by tracks 33 of a web flywheel 3, whose function is based on the properties of the inclined plane. The work of the valves is controlled by an eccentric flywheel 4.

These two flywheels and an outer main flywheel 1 are on one straight shaft mounted.

The raceways 33 of the web flywheel 3 are continuous and symmetrical in Reference to an orthogonal coordinate system, wherein the axis Z with the axis the shaft is identical and the coordinate zero point in the middle of the piston stroke lies. This results in symmetry with regard to both the direction of movement the piston as well as the direction of rotation of the shaft.

The movement (speed, acceleration) of the up and down moving push rods is the same and opposite at all times. This means that at any time a dynamic balance of the resulting mass forces takes place. At the same time there is also a static balance instead of. This is because the movement of the pistons in contrast to the classic Motor is not affected by the length of the push rods, because they themselves straight and always parallel to the axis of the shaft. The expansion work now depends solely on the geometry of the train flywheel.

If the train flywheel has four vertices along the circumference, then the four bars completed during one revolution of the wave - in contrast to the classic engine, in which the four bars in two turns of Crankshaft can be achieved. Consequently, achieved at the same operating speed of the new Motor exactly twice the work compared to the corresponding classic Engine. From equation (1) one can deduce that the torque is twice that big is like the classic engine. This means that for a given power the new engine the corresponding torque at half operating speed generated compared to the classic engine.

If the train flywheel has eight vertices along the circumference, then there are completed the four bars after half turn of the shaft. Consequently generated at the same operating speed of the new engine exactly four times the work opposite the corresponding classic engine. This means that for a given Performance of the new engine the corresponding torque at one Quarter of the operating speed compared to the classic engine generated.

At mathematical derivation of a torque of the new engine passes except the piston stroke and the radius of the train flywheel in the bill one. This parameter has a positive effect on the design of the engine.

Furthermore, the geometry of the web flywheel forces the arrangement of the cylinders, without limitation of their number, on a uniform polygon whose Center is located on the axis of rotation of the engine. The cylinder axes are running parallel to the axis of the shaft. This peculiarity also allows an aerodynamic Design of the engine, as it has a small front surface, a cylindrical and elongated Shape and a uniform projection of the heat of components of the engine allowed in the air flow.

The eccentric flywheel circularly actuates the valves one behind the other. Out For this reason, only one or two eccentrics are required, which are circular one by one actuate the intake and exhaust valves of all cylinders.

wobei dV die Volumenänderung des Zylinders 11, R der Radius des Kolbens 10 und dw die gewählte Verschiebung des regulierenden Schwungrades 2 ist.In addition to the aforementioned advantages, there is also the possibility of displacement of the web flywheel with coupled push rods as needed in the longitudinal direction of the axis of the shaft. The displacement is ensured by a special mechanism of the regulating flywheel. This affects the compression ratio according to the equation:

where dV is the volume change of the cylinder 11, R is the radius of the piston 10 and dw is the selected displacement of the regulating flywheel 2.

The new engine allows the use of several fuels (petrol, diesel, Gas u.s.w.) without intervention or modification of the main parts, but only by Add mechanisms or parts to the external auxiliary systems of the Engine. It is also possible, if necessary, a combination of to use different fuels.

The raceways 33 of the web flywheel 3 are during a single operation of the engine (intake - compression - expansion - outlet) unevenly claimed. By rotation of the web flywheel about the axis of the shaft the function of the tracks is reversed. This is a big advantage because of the Life of the tracks is thereby extended. The advantages mentioned can not be realized with a classic engine with crankshaft.

Axial internal combustion piston engines are disclosed, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,023,542 and US 4,553,508 A.

US 4 023 542 A teaches the formation of the track as a flat surface or as in cross-section rectangular hollow rail, wherein the rolling means as cylindrical rollers or rollers are provided. Accordingly, this provides conventional arrangement no centering property.

Although US Pat. No. 4,553,508 discloses part-circular grooves provided as webs, in which balls run. However, the balls are transverse to the direction of movement the push rod in the grooves. Accordingly, takes place in this conventional Arrangement a transmission of the piston force transverse to the direction of movement of Push rods instead. From this it can be seen that the piston force is not fully utilized, but only a vector component and thus a proportion of the piston force is transferred and does the work. But this leads to a bad one Efficiency of the machine. Furthermore, this known arrangement disadvantageous to Result that the groove is not loaded symmetrically, so that after a short time part-circular groove assumes an undesirable elliptical shape. Because both the designed as rolling means balls and ball bearings as additional provided small balls have infinite degrees of freedom, they can not but rather just glide. This results in the points of contact the balls with the respective running surfaces large surface pressures, what to further damage. Finally, there is another disadvantage of these conventional ones Arrangement in that between the rotating and the translationally moving parts, a gap is formed, which is substantially in the direction of movement of the push rods and thus in the direction of the piston force extends so that at the latest after a certain time the balls pressed in the manner of a wedge in that gap and push it apart, which causes further damage.

According to the invention, an axial combustion piston machine with axially arranged Proposed cylinders with intake and exhaust valves and pistons, which each attached to one end of an axially displaceable push rod are having means for receiving rolling means, which on an endless Wavy space curve forming webs run along, the annular circulating are formed on a train flywheel which is coaxial on one rotatably mounted shaft sitting on the shaft next to the train flywheel an outer main flywheel, a regulating flywheel that changes the compression ratio by shifting the web flywheel, and an eccentric flywheel which seats the intake and exhaust valves all cylinders are actuated, with the rolling means as balls or spherical rollers and the tracks are formed as cross-sectionally circular grooves, on which the balls or spherical rollers in the direction of movement of the Rest push rod.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims specified.

Fig. 1

einen Längsschnitt durch das Gehäuse einer Axialverbrennungskolbenmaschine;

Fig. 2

eine Ansicht der Welle mit den darauf befestigten Komponenten;

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht auf das Bahn-Schwungrad;

Fig. 4

eine teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht der Welle mit den daran befestigten Komponenten;

Fig. 5

in teilweise geschnittener Seitenansicht ausschnittsweise eine Anordnung des Bahn-Schwungrades mit Schubstange;

Fig. 6

einen Querschnitt durch einen Kolben;

Fig. 7

eine Draufsicht auf ein Exzenter-Schwungrad;

Fig. 8

einen Längsschnitt durch die Schubstange;

Fig. 9

einen Querschnitt durch einen typischen 4-Zylinder-Motor;

Fig. 10

eine Draufsicht auf den Zylinderkopf eines typischen 4-Zylinder-Motors;

Fig. 11

in teilweise geschnittener Seitenansicht ausschnittsweise die Anordnung des Exzenter-Schwungrades;

Fig. 12

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Bahn-Schwungrades mit acht Scheiteln; und

Fig. 13

die Verwendung der Axialverbrennungskolbenmaschine in einem Flugzeug.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

a longitudinal section through the housing of a Axialverbrennenkolbenmaschine;

Fig. 2

a view of the shaft with the components mounted thereon;

Fig. 3

a plan view of the web flywheel;

Fig. 4

a partially sectioned side view of the shaft with the components attached thereto;

Fig. 5

partially sectional side view of a detail of an arrangement of the web flywheel with push rod;

Fig. 6

a cross section through a piston;

Fig. 7

a plan view of an eccentric flywheel;

Fig. 8

a longitudinal section through the push rod;

Fig. 9

a cross section through a typical 4-cylinder engine;

Fig. 10

a plan view of the cylinder head of a typical 4-cylinder engine;

Fig. 11

in a partially sectioned side view detail the arrangement of the eccentric flywheel;

Fig. 12

a perspective view of a train flywheel with eight vertices; and

Fig. 13

the use of the axial combustion piston engine in an aircraft.

In Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the motor housing, the position, shape and arrangement a cylinder block 6, a cylinder head 7, of fixed bearings 8 as well represented by external auxiliary mechanisms 9.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the shaft with the components mounted thereon. FIG. of which the train flywheel 3 has four vertices.

Fig. 3 is a typical view of the grooves 34, which in section in radial Direction of the web flywheel 3 have the shape of a circular arc.

Fig. 4 shows a representation of the shaft with special features, based on the Railway flywheel 3 and the eccentric flywheel 4.

Fig. 5 shows a detail of the assembly of the web flywheel 3 and a push rod 5 with an indication of the operation of the regulating Flywheel 2 for the control of the parameters <dw>, through which the compression ratio being affected.

FIG. 6 shows a typical piston cross-section.

Fig. 7 shows a view of the eccentric flywheel 4 with eccentrics, which operate the intake and exhaust valves of all cylinders.

Fig. 8 shows a longitudinal section of a push rod 5 with an indication of the contiguous Components. Likewise, the location and shape of the spherical rollers 54 or balls visible through which the push rod 5 with the web flywheel 3 is coupled.

Fig. 9 shows a typical cross section of a 4-cylinder engine.

Fig. 10 shows a plan view of a cylinder head 7 of a typical 4-cylinder engine with an indication of the position and shape of the eccentric flywheel 4 as well the necessary organs for the operation of the corresponding intake and exhaust valves 43, 44.

Fig. 11 shows a detail of a characteristic view of the shaft, namely especially at the point where the eccentric flywheel 4 is attached, as well as the cooperation of the eccentric flywheel 4 with mechanical organs for the operation of the intake and exhaust valves 43, 44th

Fig. 12 shows a view of a web flywheel with eight vertices and a corresponding eccentric flywheel 4 with a twin eccentric.

Fig. 13 illustrates a use of the engine in a twin-engined firefighter aircraft represents.

After all, it follows that for the design of Axialverbrennenkolbenmaschine the shape of the track flywheel 3 and the shape of the push rods 5 and their connection with the spherical rollers 54 a special role play. The push rods are hollow, around the mass forces in the dead spots to diminish. The radius of the grooves 34 in the radial direction of the web flywheel 3 is equal to the radius of the spherical rollers 54 at the Push rods, so that jamming of the rolling components are avoided can. The longitudinal main axis of the push rods always runs through the middle the grooves 34 so that structural tolerances and consequently smaller Reibungswiederstände and local loads of the corresponding components can be compensated.

The torque of the new engine is given by the equation M = p • F • R tan φ where p is the pressure in the combustion chamber, F is the piston area, R is the mean radius of the protruding ring 32 of the web flywheel 3, and φ is the angle between the Z axis and tangent at any point in the space curve 33 developed on the plane OXZ. The parameter tan φ is related to the piston stroke ℓ. Thus, the three-phase torque of the new engine can be written as follows: M = p • F • R • f (ℓ), where f (ℓ) is a function between φ and ℓ. This means that for a given piston diameter, the torque is proportional to the existing pressure in the combustion chamber, the mean radius of the protruding ring of the web flywheel, and the piston travel.

The above details are complete for the design of the railway flywheel recycled. The optimum is achieved if for small and mid-engine hoists four-cornered and four-cornered flywheels for larger engine hubs use eight-bladed railway flywheels become. The remaining components of the engine remain unchanged, but with with the exception that in railway flywheels with eight vertices twin eccentric are used, as shown in Fig. 12.

Finally, it is emphasized that in contrast to the classic engine with crankshaft with the axial combustion piston machine, the speed limits can be extended because they are even from 200 to 8000 rpm without transmission can work. For this reason, high powers and torques guaranteed. In addition, it is from an economic point of view for applications suitable for special conditions or requirements.

Claims (10)

1. An internal combustion axial piston engine with axial positioned cylinders (11), with import and export valves and pistons (10), that are permanently positioned at one end of the sliding connecting rod (5), which is able to support the sliding mechanisms, that moves on the formed tracks alongside a endless wavy curve (33), which is in a circular shape on a track flywheel (3) that is positioned coaxially on the turning axle, where, except the track flywheel (3) an external flywheel (1) is attached, an adjusting flywheel (2), which by sliding on the track flywheel (3) changes the compression ratio, and a cam flywheel (4), which activates the import and exhaust valves of all cylinders (11), where the rolling bodies are formed as spheres (54) or spherical cylinders and the tracks in their transversal cross section are formed like arched grooves (34) on top of them the spheres (54) or the spherical cylinders come in contact (touch) in the directional movement of the connecting rod (5).
2. Motor according to claim 1, features the radius of the groove (34) that is basically equal to the radius of the spheres (54) or spherical cylinders.
3. Motor according to claim 1 or 2, where the track flywheel (3) has a center cylindrical nucleus (31) and a wavy, radially projecting ring (32), that is around the externally central cylindrical nucleus (31) positioned alongside the cylindrical surface, where on each of the opposite surfaces of the ring (32) a groove is formed (34),and the connecting rods (5) have the means for a dual acceptance of the spheres (54) or spherical cylinders, where their center of mass has a constant distance, one sphere (54) or spherical cylinder moves in the groove (34) of one surface of the ring (32) and the other sphere (54) or spherical cylinder moves on the groove of the other side of the ring (32).
4. Motor with at least one of the aforementioned claims, in which the endless wavy curve in space (33) has four identical curves peripherally on the track flywheel (3) positioned peaks.
5. Motor with at least one of the claims 1 through 4, in which an endless wavy curve in space (33) possesses eight identical curves peripherally on the track flywheel (3) positioned peaks.
6. Motor with at least one of the aforementioned claims, in which the adjusting flywheel (2) is mechanically connected to the track flywheel (3) and in order to change the compression ratio it moves along the axle.
7. Motor with at least one of the aforementioned claims, in which the cam flywheel (4) possesses two cams (41,42), the mechanism (43,44) in order to activate the respective valves import and exhaust of a cylinder (11), where the valves import and exhaust of the other cylinders through the consecutive turning of the cam flywheel (4) open and close.
8. Motor with at least one of the claims I through 6 in which the cam flywheel (4) has one unique cam, which opens concurrently the import valve of one cylinder (11) and the exhaust valve of the following cylinder.
9. Motor with at least one of the aforementioned claims, in which the cylinders (11) are positioned on the peaks of a uniform polygon and the axles of the cylinders (11) are parallel with the axle (of the motor).
10. Motor with at least one of the aforementioned claims, in which the axle of the cylinders (11) and the pistons (10) go through the center of the spheres (54) or the spherical cylinders and cut into the symmetrical line of the grooves (34).

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