EP1217895A1 - Gluten substitutes - Google Patents
Gluten substitutesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1217895A1 EP1217895A1 EP00962089A EP00962089A EP1217895A1 EP 1217895 A1 EP1217895 A1 EP 1217895A1 EP 00962089 A EP00962089 A EP 00962089A EP 00962089 A EP00962089 A EP 00962089A EP 1217895 A1 EP1217895 A1 EP 1217895A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- starch
- protein
- fat
- mixture
- ingredients
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000015173 baked goods and baking mixes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
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- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(C)OC(=O)N(C(N)=O)C1=O QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000145580 Thalia geniculata Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012419 Thalia geniculata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008620 Fagopyrum esculentum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009419 Fagopyrum esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000828 canola oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019519 canola oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008169 grapeseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013310 margarine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003264 margarine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021243 milk fat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019710 soybean protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000014594 pastries Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 11
- 235000015108 pies Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001137251 Corvidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000070406 Malus silvestris Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000003829 Sorghum propinquum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012180 bread and bread product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C=O)=C1 FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012141 vanillin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000144725 Amygdalus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208223 Anacardiaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000015943 Coeliac disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000723382 Corylus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007466 Corylus avellana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000239659 Eucalyptus pulverulenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000758791 Juglandaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000408747 Lepomis gibbosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208467 Macadamia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001237745 Salamis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000040738 Sesamum orientale Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012791 bagels Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000861 blow drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012839 cake mixes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020226 cashew nut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019219 chocolate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015071 dressings Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013882 gravy Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019692 hotdogs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010746 mayonnaise Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008268 mayonnaise Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012459 muffins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016046 other dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012771 pancakes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015927 pasta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013550 pizza Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020991 processed meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020236 pumpkin seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015175 salami Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013580 sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011888 snacks Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/04—Products made from materials other than rye or wheat flour
- A21D13/043—Products made from materials other than rye or wheat flour from tubers, e.g. manioc or potato
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
- A21D2/18—Carbohydrates
- A21D2/186—Starches; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D10/00—Batters, dough or mixtures before baking
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/04—Products made from materials other than rye or wheat flour
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/04—Products made from materials other than rye or wheat flour
- A21D13/045—Products made from materials other than rye or wheat flour from leguminous plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/04—Products made from materials other than rye or wheat flour
- A21D13/047—Products made from materials other than rye or wheat flour from cereals other than rye or wheat, e.g. rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/06—Products with modified nutritive value, e.g. with modified starch content
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/06—Products with modified nutritive value, e.g. with modified starch content
- A21D13/064—Products with modified nutritive value, e.g. with modified starch content with modified protein content
- A21D13/066—Gluten-free products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/06—Products with modified nutritive value, e.g. with modified starch content
- A21D13/068—Products with modified nutritive value, e.g. with modified starch content with modified fat content; Fat-free products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/30—Filled, to be filled or stuffed products
- A21D13/31—Filled, to be filled or stuffed products filled before baking
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/40—Products characterised by the type, form or use
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/40—Products characterised by the type, form or use
- A21D13/41—Pizzas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/40—Products characterised by the type, form or use
- A21D13/44—Pancakes or crêpes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/60—Deep-fried products, e.g. doughnuts
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the preparation of food products that are typically produced using wheat flour. More particularly, the present invention relates to novel gluten substitutes and methods for their production for use inter alia in the preparation of bread, cake and pastry-type products.
- Bakery products are commonly made from wheat flour containing gluten, which contributes to the typical texture, flavour and form of the usual bread, cake and pastry products.
- a substantial segment of the population however, suffers from dietary wheat intolerance such as celiac disease and other less well-defined wheat intolerances and allergies which make wheat based products unacceptable for use.
- dietary wheat intolerance such as celiac disease and other less well-defined wheat intolerances and allergies which make wheat based products unacceptable for use.
- these people have few alternatives for conventional baked products.
- gluten-free bread for example, include mixing gluten- free flour with water, eggs, salt, sugar, yeast, milk and a small amount of binding agent (0.5 to 5.0% by weight), usually xanthan gum, guar gum, or pre-gelatinized starch typically referred to as a gluten substitute.
- binding agent usually xanthan gum, guar gum, or pre-gelatinized starch typically referred to as a gluten substitute.
- the resulting breads are very cake-like and heavy whilst their mouth feel and texture are generally unpleasant.
- many gluten intolerant individuals avert eating bread products all together.
- dough can be made from gluten-free flour mixed with commercially available gluten. If the gluten is mixed with these flours in the amount of 15 to 20% by weight (i.e., in an amount 3-40 times greater than the above mentioned gluten substitutes) and then combined with water, a strong dough results, capable of being manipulated in much the same way as dough made from naturally-occurring gluten based flours. However, this dough contains gluten and cannot be used for gluten intolerant individuals.
- a gluten substitute gum can be produced by heating an aqueous mixture comprising a starch, an edible fat and an edible protein for a time and under conditions sufficient to produce an aerated mass.
- this aerated mass largely mimics gluten in that it takes considerable effort to stretch or snap.
- snapped into separate pieces it can be re-constituted into a single whole simply by kneading it back together. It also forms a shiny skin when left to dry whilst remaining moist on the inside.
- flour whether gluten-free or otherwise, a dough is formed quickly.
- the dough absorbs water at a similar rate to wheat flour-based dough, strengthens with kneading and can be stretched or rolled to very thin consistency in a similar manner to wheat flour-based doughs.
- a method of producing a gluten substitute gum comprising heating a mixture comprising a starch, an edible fat and an edible protein together with a liquid for a time and under conditions sufficient to form an aerated mass.
- the invention contemplates a plurality of ingredients in mix or in kit form for producing a gluten substitute gum, said ingredients comprising a starch, an edible fat and an edible protein which are present in relative amounts sufficient to form an aerated mass upon mixing with a predetermined amount of liquid and heating the mixture so formed at an aerated mass-forming effective temperature.
- the invention encompasses use of a starch, an edible fat and an edible protein in the preparation of a mix or kit for the production of a gluten substitute gum.
- the invention provides a gluten substitute gum produced by mixing together a starch, an edible fat, an edible protein and a liquid and heating the mixture for a time and under conditions sufficient to form an aerated mass.
- a mix for the preparation of bakery products comprising a gluten substitute gum as broadly described above together with a gluten-free starch in relative amounts sufficient to form a coherent dough system upon the addition of a liquid, and to retain leavening gas during the preparation of said dough, wherein said products are producible in the substantial absence of wheat flour.
- the invention contemplates use of a gluten substitute gum as broadly described above in the preparation of a mix for producing foodstuffs including bakery products.
- the invention provides a method for producing bakery products, said method comprising mixing a gluten substitute gum as broadly described above together with a gluten-free starch and water to form a dough and heating the dough for a time and at a temperature sufficient to produce said bakery products.
- the invention resides in food products including bakery products produced using the gluten substitute gum as broadly described above.
- edible fat or “edible protein” is meant a fat or protein that is fit or safe for animal consumption including human consumption.
- the present invention is predicated in part on the discovery that a gluten substitute gum can be produced by heating a mixture, preferably an aqueous mixture comprising a starch, an edible fat and an edible protein for a time and under conditions sufficient to produce an aerated mass with gluten-like properties.
- the invention thus provides a method of producing a gluten substitute gum, comprising heating an mixture comprising a starch, an edible fat, an edible protein and a liquid, preferably water, for a time and under conditions sufficient to form an aerated mass.
- the starch is present in an amount of between about 20 and 80% by weight, more preferably between about 30 and 70% by weight and even more preferably between about 40 and 60% by weight of said mixture.
- the starch has less than 20 parts per million of gluten.
- the starch preferably conforms to the Codex Alimentarius standard as set by the World Health Organization.
- the starch is suitably selected from potato starch, sweet potato starch, white rice starch, glutinous rice starch, maize starch, Codex Alimentarius wheat starch, sorghum starch, cassava starch, arrowroot starch and tapioca starch.
- the starch is selected from the group consisting of tapioca starch, arrowroot starch and maize starch.
- the starch is tapioca starch.
- the edible fat suitably comprises any edible fatty substances in a general sense, including, but not restricted to, natural fats or synthesized fats and oils consisting essentially of triglycerides.
- the fat may be derived from any animal or plant source including, for example, canola oil, corn oil, grapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, safflower oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, olive oil, palm oil, coconut oil, fish oil, copha, margarine, butter, milk fat, chicken fat, lard and tallow, which may have been partially or completely hydrogenated or modified otherwise, as well as non-toxic fatty materials having properties similar to triglycerides and any combination thereof.
- the terms fat and oil are used interchangeably.
- the edible fat may be solid or fluid at room temperatures of from about 15 °C to about 35 °C.
- the edible fat is present in an amount of between about 1 and 10% by weight, more preferably between about 1 and 6% by weight and even more preferably between about 1 and 4% by weight of said mixture.
- the edible fat to starch ratio in said mixture is less than about 15:100, more preferably less than about 12:100, more preferably less than 10:100.
- the edible protein suitably comprises any edible proteinaceous substance synthetic or otherwise that is suitable for human consumption.
- Typical protein sources from which the edible protein may be derived include, but are not restricted to, animal produce such as meat, poultry, eggs, milk, cheese and the like, and plant produce such as bean flour, rice flour and the like as well as nuts such as peanuts, hazelnuts, walnuts, sunflower seeds, cashews, sesame seeds, pumpkin seeds, almonds, pine nuts, macadamia nuts, any other edible nut and any combination thereof.
- animal proteins include but are not limited to, gelatin, whey and egg white.
- Exemplary plant proteins include soybean protein and rice protein.
- the edible protein is present in an amount of between about 2 and 20% by weight, more preferably between about 2 and 12% by weight and even more preferably between about 2 and 8% by weight of said mixture.
- the edible protein to starch ratio in said mixture is less than about 30:100, more preferably less than about 25:100, more preferably less than 20:100.
- the edible protein to edible fat ratio is about 3:1, more preferably about 2.5:1 and still more preferably about 2:1.
- Water is preferably present in said mixture in an amount of between about 20 and
- the edible fat and the edible protein are obtained from or provided in the form of a foodstuff comprising both the edible fat and the edible protein.
- the foodstuff may be selected from milk or other dairy products, eggs, vegetables.
- the foodstuff is a gluten-free flour such as, for example, buckwheat flour, sorghum flour, maize flour, white rice flour and soybean flour. More preferably, the foodstuff is soybean flour.
- the mixture is heated to a temperature of between about 110 and 150 °C, more preferably between about 120 and about 140 °C, more preferably between about 125 and 135 °C and still more preferably between about 130 and 133 °C.
- heating is effected by microwaves.
- the heating can be carried out by use of a compression means such as an extruder.
- the mixture is heated for a time sufficient to produce the aerated mass without burning.
- the method further comprises drying the aerated mass.
- the drying may be effected by any suitable means including, but not restricted to, heating the aerated mass to effect evaporation of water therefrom.
- the heating may be effected using microwaves, extrusion, convection heating, blow drying and desiccating or any other means to effect evaporation of water from the aerated mass.
- the method further comprises grinding or crushing the dry aerated mass to form a ground or powder.
- the gluten free gum can be used for the preparation of foodstuffs including bakery products in the form of a wet gum but is preferably used in the form of a dried ground or powder.
- the invention also contemplates a plurality of ingredients in mix or in kit form for producing a gluten substitute gum.
- the ingredients comprise a starch, an edible fat and an edible protein which are present in relative amounts sufficient to form an aerated mass upon mixing with a predetermined amount of water and heating the mixture so formed at an aerated mass-forming effective temperature.
- the edible fat is present in an amount between about 0.5 and 5% by weight, more preferably between about 0.5 and 3% by weight and even more preferably between about 0.5 and 2% by weight of the total ingredients in said mix or kit.
- the edible fat to starch ratio in said mix or kit is preferably less than about 15:100, more preferably less than about 12:100, more preferably less than 10:100.
- the edible protein is present in an amount of between about 1 and 10% by weight, more preferably between about 1 and 6% by weight and even more preferably between about 1 and 4% by weight of said the total ingredients in said mix or kit.
- the edible protein to starch ratio in said mix or kit is preferably less than about 30:100, more preferably less than about 25:100, more preferably less than 20:100.
- the edible protein to edible fat ratio in said mix or kit is about 3:1, more preferably about 2.5:1 and still more preferably about 2:1.
- the invention also provides a gluten substitute gum produced by mixing together a starch, an edible fat, an edible protein and a liquid and heating the mixture for a time and under conditions sufficient to form an aerated mass.
- the invention also encompasses a mix for the preparation of bakery products.
- the mix comprises the gluten substitute gum of the invention together with a gluten-free starch in relative amounts sufficient to form a coherent dough system upon the addition of water, and to retain leavening gas during the preparation of said dough.
- the ratio of starch to gluten-substitute gum will vary depending on the intended purpose of the mix. However, for most bakery products the ratio of starch to gluten-substitute gum is preferably in the range of about 6:1 to 7:1.
- the gluten-substitute gum of the invention can thus be used to prepare various mixes for cakes, pastries and bread products.
- These mixes can include other standard ingredients known per se in the art and the choice and grade of said other ingredients in a complete mix are not critically related to the invention and may follow standard practice in the art.
- the invention contemplates use of any of the usual basic gas producing chemical leavening substances as well as flavorings in the aforesaid mixes.
- the invention also provides a method for producing bakery products.
- the method comprises mixing the gluten substitute gum of the invention together with a gluten-free starch and water and optionally other ingredients to form a dough and heating the dough for a time and at a temperature sufficient to produce said bakery products.
- Bakery products contemplated by the present invention include, but are not restricted to, flour, bread, buns, rolls, bagels, pizza base, pies, pastry, pancakes, muffins, crumpets, doughnuts, cakes, batter, biscuits, cake mixes, dumplings, and pasta.
- the invention also encompasses any food products produced using the gluten substitute gum of the invention.
- the subject gluten substitute gum has excellent thickening and binding properties. Accordingly, the gum can be advantageously used as a food additive, both for human and animal consumption.
- the gluten substitute gum when used as a thickener, it can compete effectively with modified starches, xanthan, guar and many other gums.
- Exemplary foodstuffs which can be prepared using the present gluten substitute gum include, for example, sauces, soups, pastes, mayonnaise, dressings, snack foods, deserts, gravies, processed meats including sausages, salamis, hot dogs as well as canned and re-constituted pet foods.
- a scaled-up preparation of Gum #5 was also carried out using a 6850-Watt microwave assisted heat pump drier.
- This preparation comprised baking 800 g of wet paste for about 8-9 minutes at about 5000 Watts (power/weight of paste ratio of about 8- 14:1).
- the dry gum thus produced had similar properties to Gum #5 produced with the domestic microwave.
- Dry powder (95 wt% tapioca starch, 5 wt% soybean flour) was fed into an extruder at a rate of 80 kg/hour. Steam was added to the dry powder in the preconditioner at a rate of 9.5 to 10.5 kg/hour. The process was started wet, and water addition into the barrel of the extruder was steadily reduced to increase pressure and therefore temperature. Screw speed was also adjusted to keep motor amps (30 or 28 amps) (and therefore mechanical shear) as low as possible. A relatively high screw speed of (375 or 373 rpm) was used. The operating temperatures at which samples were collected are shown in the following table. No jacket heating was applied in Zone 5. Thus, Zone 5 temperature is a good indication of the maximum product temperature achieved.
- the product which exited from the die, expanded significantly and was cut into balls before cooling and milling through a hammer mill.
- Requires almost equal Requires about half the amount of amounts of water to gum water to gum to form a mass to form a mass
- Weight to volume ratio Weight to volume ratio smaller than similar to gluten gluten (i.e., it has larger, lighter bulk)
- the flour mix used in this recipe is a blend of 500 parts maize starch to 60 parts soybean flour to 90 parts Gum #5.
- the flour mix used in this recipe is a blend of 500 parts maize starch to 60 parts soybean flour to 90 parts Gum #5.
- the flour mix used in this recipe is a blend of 500 parts maize starch to 60 parts soybean flour to 90 parts Gum #5. Ingredients
- Pre-heat an oven to 180 °C. Add 2 teaspoons of baking powder to the flour. Add cocoa to flour and sift - ensure there are no lumps in the cocoa. Blend sugar, butter and 1 teaspoon vanillin sugar. When butter and sugar are blended add eggs and beat till creamy. Mix in at low speed about 1/3 of the flour/cocoa and about 1/3 of the skim milk. Repeat until all the ingredients are combined - do not over beat. Pour into pan in layers and bake at 180 °C for 35 minutes
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- Nutrition Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU4754399 | 1999-09-14 | ||
AU47543/99A AU4754399A (en) | 1999-09-14 | 1999-09-14 | Gluten substitute |
PCT/AU2000/001089 WO2001019195A1 (en) | 1999-09-14 | 2000-09-13 | Gluten substitutes |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1217895A1 true EP1217895A1 (en) | 2002-07-03 |
EP1217895A4 EP1217895A4 (en) | 2003-01-22 |
Family
ID=3734390
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00962089A Withdrawn EP1217895A4 (en) | 1999-09-14 | 2000-09-13 | Gluten substitutes |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1217895A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4754399A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2380632A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA02002734A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ517803A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001019195A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU2002342697A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-05-04 | Innogel Ag | Foodstuff based on starch gel |
US7595081B1 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2009-09-29 | Bellar Willis F | Non-flour containing baked and related food compositions |
US20060121160A1 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2006-06-08 | Cargill, Incorporated | Egg-filled food product |
GR1007003B (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2010-10-05 | Δημητριος Στρατακης | Gluten-free crackers prepared on the basis of cheese, potato starch, mixture of additives, aromas and flavours |
DE102010017171A1 (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-01 | Ernst Böcker Gmbh & Co. Kg | Rye flour imitation |
CN108685136A (en) * | 2017-04-09 | 2018-10-23 | 苏州古月峰信息技术有限公司 | A kind of fast food and preparation method thereof |
IT201700045728A1 (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2018-10-27 | Maurizio Ceccioli | COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A FOOD MIX |
Citations (6)
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US3676150A (en) * | 1970-06-01 | 1972-07-11 | Gen Foods Corp | Low calorie yeast leavened baked products |
DE3404381A1 (en) * | 1984-02-08 | 1985-08-08 | Fritz 5180 Eschweiler Poensgen | Process for producing bakery products |
US5229157A (en) * | 1988-11-28 | 1993-07-20 | Thomas J. Lipton Co., Division Of Conopco Inc. | Method of preparing a food product |
CH684921A5 (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 1995-02-15 | Bimbosan Ag | Gluten-free biscuit without animal protein and animal fat containing guar flour for those with allergies |
FR2801172A1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2001-05-25 | Sylviane Alamkan | Gluten-free baking composition, especially for producing bread, crepes or cakes, comprising natural dittany starch, egg and optionally milk and/or sugar |
FR2802774A1 (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-06-29 | Eurogerm Sa | Making gluten free bread, pizza, etc. includes preparing viscous dough paste without kneading, pressurizing and suddenly de=pressurizing paste to make foam to be baked in oven |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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IT8048101A0 (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1980-03-07 | Filippo Sidoti | GLUTEN-FREE BREAD-MAKING |
IL60685A (en) * | 1980-07-28 | 1982-04-30 | Univ Ben Gurion | Mix for the preparation of bread and cake products |
SU1660657A1 (en) * | 1988-07-01 | 1991-07-07 | Всесоюзный Заочный Институт Пищевой Промышленности | Dietary bread preparation method |
FR2709924B1 (en) * | 1993-09-14 | 1995-12-08 | Yves Woestelandt | Gluten-free bread and its manufacturing process. |
US5492710A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1996-02-20 | Nabisco, Inc. | Fat free or low fat cookie production |
-
1999
- 1999-09-14 AU AU47543/99A patent/AU4754399A/en not_active Abandoned
-
2000
- 2000-09-13 CA CA002380632A patent/CA2380632A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-09-13 EP EP00962089A patent/EP1217895A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-09-13 MX MXPA02002734A patent/MXPA02002734A/en unknown
- 2000-09-13 NZ NZ517803A patent/NZ517803A/en unknown
- 2000-09-13 WO PCT/AU2000/001089 patent/WO2001019195A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (6)
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US3676150A (en) * | 1970-06-01 | 1972-07-11 | Gen Foods Corp | Low calorie yeast leavened baked products |
DE3404381A1 (en) * | 1984-02-08 | 1985-08-08 | Fritz 5180 Eschweiler Poensgen | Process for producing bakery products |
US5229157A (en) * | 1988-11-28 | 1993-07-20 | Thomas J. Lipton Co., Division Of Conopco Inc. | Method of preparing a food product |
CH684921A5 (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 1995-02-15 | Bimbosan Ag | Gluten-free biscuit without animal protein and animal fat containing guar flour for those with allergies |
FR2801172A1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2001-05-25 | Sylviane Alamkan | Gluten-free baking composition, especially for producing bread, crepes or cakes, comprising natural dittany starch, egg and optionally milk and/or sugar |
FR2802774A1 (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-06-29 | Eurogerm Sa | Making gluten free bread, pizza, etc. includes preparing viscous dough paste without kneading, pressurizing and suddenly de=pressurizing paste to make foam to be baked in oven |
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BOWMAN F., DILSAVER W., LORENZ K.: "Rational for baking wheat-, gluten-, egg- and milk-free products" THE BAKERS' DIGEST, vol. 47, no. 2, April 1973 (1973-04), pages 15-18,21-22, XP001117973 Food Sci. & Nutr., Colorado St. Univ., Fort Collins, USA ISSN: 0005-4089 * |
DATABASE FSTA [Online] INTERNATIONAL FOOD INFORMATION SERVICE (IFIS), FRANFURT/MAIN, DE; TOSI E A ET AL: "Use of wholemeal amaranthus (Amaranthus cruentus) flour in manufacture of biscuits for coeliac disease patients." Database accession no. 97-1-01-m0091 XP002218874 & ALIMENTARIA 1996 GRUPO DE TEC. ALIMENTARIA, FAC. REG. ROSARIO, UNIV. TEC. NACIONAL, 2000 ROSARIO, ARGENTINA. FAX: 54-41-484909, ISSN: 0300-5755 * |
DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 199223 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class D11, AN 1992-190452 XP002218875 & SU 1 660 657 A (BREAD-BAKING IND SCI PRODN ASSOC), 7 July 1991 (1991-07-07) * |
EGGLESTON G ET AL: "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF PRODUCTS FROM CASSAVA FLOUR AS NEW ALTERNATIVES TO WHEATEN BREADS" JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS. BARKING, GB, vol. 59, no. 3, 1992, pages 377-385, XP000291293 ISSN: 0022-5142 * |
KIM J C ET AL: "BREAD FROM NON-WHEAT FLOURS" FOOD TECHNOLOGY, INSTITUTE OF FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS. CHICAGO, US, vol. 22, no. 867, 1 July 1968 (1968-07-01), pages 55-62,64,66, XP002045601 ISSN: 0015-6639 * |
KULP K., HEPBURN F.N., LEHMANN T.A.: "Preparation of bread without gluten" THE BAKERS' DIGEST, vol. 48, no. 3, June 1974 (1974-06), pages 34-37,58, XP001117974 American Inst. of Baking, Chicago, IL, USA ISSN: 0005-4089 * |
See also references of WO0119195A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2380632A1 (en) | 2001-03-22 |
NZ517803A (en) | 2004-03-26 |
WO2001019195A1 (en) | 2001-03-22 |
MXPA02002734A (en) | 2003-10-14 |
EP1217895A4 (en) | 2003-01-22 |
AU4754399A (en) | 2001-03-15 |
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