EP1210517B1 - Valve for controlling the flow of liquids - Google Patents

Valve for controlling the flow of liquids Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1210517B1
EP1210517B1 EP00960336A EP00960336A EP1210517B1 EP 1210517 B1 EP1210517 B1 EP 1210517B1 EP 00960336 A EP00960336 A EP 00960336A EP 00960336 A EP00960336 A EP 00960336A EP 1210517 B1 EP1210517 B1 EP 1210517B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
piezoelectric actuator
compensation element
piezoactuator
controlling fluids
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP00960336A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1210517A1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Boecking
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE10002720A external-priority patent/DE10002720A1/en
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1210517A1 publication Critical patent/EP1210517A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0026—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/701—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger mechanical

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a valve for controlling Liquids according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a valve is for example from the EP 0 477 400 A1.
  • the actuating piston of the Valve member in a smaller diameter part of a Stepped bore arranged displaceably, whereas an in Diameter larger piston that moves with a piezoelectric actuator is, in a larger diameter part of the Stepped bore is arranged.
  • Between the two pistons is a hydraulic space clamped such that when the larger piston is moved by the piezoelectric actuator, the Actuating piston of the valve member to one around the Gear ratio of the stepped bore diameter enlarged way is moved.
  • the valve member, the Actuating piston, the larger diameter piston and the Piezo actuator lie on a common axis behind each other.
  • the valve is the EP 0 477 400 A1 in the hydraulic chamber a defined leak intended.
  • slow changes of the valve structure as for example by temperature changes can be caused by the hydraulic fluid Leak escape and so the effects in the stroke direction compensate.
  • the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid is so Chosen that in case of rapid changes, as described by Piezoelectric actuator caused, the hydraulic fluid is not escapes through the leak and the deflection of the piezoelectric actuator is transmitted to the actuating piston.
  • This compensation is very expensive and expensive, since very low tolerances the production of the pistons are required to one defined leak in the form of an annular gap between pistons and create surrounding cylinder wall. Furthermore, must discharged hydraulic fluid back into the hydraulic Room are returned, including corresponding devices must be provided.
  • the valve according to the invention for controlling fluids having the characterizing features of claim 1
  • the compensation element is in Contrary to the state of the art in the power flow of Piezo actuator integrated to the valve member. Under a Ratio of thermal expansion coefficients of approximate or equal to 1 values between 1.0 and about 1.1 understood. Ideally, the ratio is 1.
  • valve according to the invention a clear reduced number of parts. This results in a simplified Assembly of the valve as well as a reduction of Einmeßvorêtn, since fewer parts must be calibrated. As a result, in particular the manufacturing and Installation costs for the valve can be significantly reduced.
  • piezoelectric actuator and Compensation element spatially adjacent and preferably in arranged in a common room. temperature changes then act on both parts in the same way, so that the change in length of piezoelectric actuator and Compensate compensating element.
  • the compensation element consists of Invar.
  • Transmission element and translator provided an air gap.
  • the air gap measures only a few microns. Ways piezoelectric actuator and Compensation element not exactly the same Thermal expansion coefficient, can in this way Residual error compensation can be achieved.
  • the transmission element comprises a Pull rod and the compensation element is part of the pull rod.
  • the transmission element is very simple produce and there are very little difficulty due to manufacturing tolerances.
  • a robust design of the valve is achieved when the Translator as mechanical translator, preferably as Lever is executed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a valve for controlling fluids according to FIG a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the valve comprises a housing 1, in which a piezoelectric actuator 2 is arranged is. At the free end of the piezoelectric actuator 2 closes Transmission element 3, which is parallel to the axis 4 of the Piezoactors 2 extending tie rod 5 contains. Of the Piezoelectric actuator is biased by a plate spring 6. In the Tie rod 8 is a compensation element 7 integrated, the off Invar® is made. The compensating element 7 is here by means of a threaded connection with the pull rod 5 connected. Other types of connection, for example by Gluing, however, can be used as well.
  • Compensating element 7 and piezoelectric actuator 2 are approximately equal long and spatially close together in one arranged in common room.
  • the pull rod 5 is in a leg 8 on which the support with the Support axle 9 for the lever 10 forms.
  • Figure 1 is aligned the support axis 9 not with the axis 4 of the piezoelectric actuator.
  • Valve according to the invention for controlling liquids Support axis 9 also with the axis 4 of the piezoelectric actuator. 2 aligned.
  • Lever 10 is mounted on the bearing 12, which divides the lever 10 into a shorter lever arm of length B and a longer lever arm of length A. By the ratio A / B, the gear ratio is determined.
  • the lever 10 is biased by acting in the opening direction of the valve member 13 on the longer lever spring 14 compression spring.
  • the longer lever arm with the length A acts on the piston 15 of the valve member 13. In the rest position, the piston 15 is pressed by the compression spring 16, which has a larger spring constant than the compression spring 14, against the valve seat 17.
  • valve of the invention is as simple switching exhaust or inlet valve shown. However, it is also a version as a double-switching valve possible. Such an embodiment is shown in FIG.
  • the Valve differs from that shown in Figure 1 Valve only in the valve member. In Figure 2 is therefore only this Section shown.
  • Piston 15 can be at an upper Seat 18 and get to a lower seat 19 to the plant.
  • the inlet to the valve via supply line 20, which in valve shown from below to the valve body while the drain line 21 opposite to the feed line 20 above the upper Valve seat is arranged.
  • Compensation element 7 is provided. It is for example off Invar® and has a similar Thermal expansion coefficients as the piezoelectric actuator 2. Bei same temperature change, it shows therefore comparable Changes in length. Since piezoelectric actuator 2 and compensation element 7 in spatial proximity in the same room are subject they both have the same temperature influences. This shows both Parts approximately the same length changes. low Differences in the thermal expansion coefficients, the one To generate residual errors are through the air gap 11 collected. This can be increased within certain limits or be reduced without the function of the valve influence.
  • the dimensioning of the air gap 11 is so chosen that both in the cold state as well as at higher Temperatures no tension or too large tolerances in the transmission of the stroke of the piezoelectric actuator 2 to the piston 15th occur.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 2 expands with increasing Temperature stronger than the compensation element 7, must in Condition at room temperature a slightly larger air gap 11 be provided, the smaller with increasing temperature becomes. If, on the other hand, the compensating element 7 stretches with it rising temperature stronger than the piezoelectric actuator 2, must in the state at room temperature, a very small air gap 11 be provided, which increases with increasing temperature becomes.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment a valve 50 according to the invention.
  • the valve 50 includes a housing in which a Piezoactuator 53 is arranged.
  • the hub of the piezoelectric actuator 53 is not directly on the piston 56th but, as in the first embodiment According to Figure 1, a transmission element 52 with the Piezo actuator 53 connected.
  • the transmission element 52 connected to a compensating element 51, wherein the Compensation element 51 is arranged parallel to the piezoelectric actuator 53 is.
  • the compensation element 51 engages in one Lever 54, which in turn connected to the piston 56 is.
  • FIG. 5 a third Embodiment of a valve 60 according to the invention shown.
  • This valve 60 according to FIG. 5 differs from the valve 50 according to Figure 3 in that the Compensation element 61 by a biasing element in the form of a Seal spring 62 is biased.
  • valve 60 according to Figure 4 in Difference to valve 50 according to Figure 3, a guide 65th provided, which is in the axis of the compensating element 61 together with piston 66 up to the control valve with first seat 67 and second seat 68 extends.
  • valve according to the invention simple or can be constructed double-switching. Also are the Solutions according to the invention in a 2/3-control valve applicable. Furthermore, the execution examples according to the figures 1 and 2 in common, that the respective Piezo actuator by a biasing spring with lower Stiffness and high preload force is biased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)
  • Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)

Abstract

A valve for controlling fluids is proposed that for its actuation cooperates with a piezoelectric actuator (2). To compensate for changes in the length of the piezoelectric actuator (2) in the stroke direction that are caused by temperature changes, a compensation element (7) is provided, which comprises a material that has a coefficient of thermal expansion that is approximately equivalent to that of the piezoelectric actuator (2). The piezoelectric actuator (2) and compensation element (7), upon a certain temperature change, exhibit a comparable change in their length in the stroke direction. As a result, the change in length of the piezoelectric actuator with the temperature is compensated for. The valve is intended for use in fuel injection devices for internal combustion engines.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Ventil zum Steuern von Flüssigkeiten gemäß der Gattung des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a valve for controlling Liquids according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein derartiges Ventil ist beispielsweise aus der EP 0 477 400 A1 bekannt. Dort ist der Betätigungskolben des Ventilgliedes in einem im Durchmesser kleineren Teil einer Stufenbohrung verschiebbar angeordnet, wogegen ein im Durchmesser größerer Kolben, der mit einem Piezoaktor bewegt wird, in einem im Durchmesser größeren Teil der Stufenbohrung angeordnet ist. Zwischen den beiden Kolben ist ein hydraulischer Raum eingespannt, derart daß, wenn der größere Kolben durch den Piezoaktor bewegt wird, der Betätigungskolben des Ventilgliedes um einen um das Übersetzungsverhältnis der Stufenbohrungsdurchmesser vergrößerten Weg bewegt wird. Das Ventilglied, der Betätigungskolben, der im Durchmesser größere Kolben und der Piezoaktor liegen auf einer gemeinsamen Achse hintereinander.Such a valve is for example from the EP 0 477 400 A1. There is the actuating piston of the Valve member in a smaller diameter part of a Stepped bore arranged displaceably, whereas an in Diameter larger piston that moves with a piezoelectric actuator is, in a larger diameter part of the Stepped bore is arranged. Between the two pistons is a hydraulic space clamped such that when the larger piston is moved by the piezoelectric actuator, the Actuating piston of the valve member to one around the Gear ratio of the stepped bore diameter enlarged way is moved. The valve member, the Actuating piston, the larger diameter piston and the Piezo actuator lie on a common axis behind each other.

Um einen Piezoaktor als ein Steuerelement einsetzen zu können, ist es notwendig, eine Kompensation der Längendehnung als Funktion der Temperatur vorzusehen. Da der mittels eines Piezoaktors erzielbare Hub nur zwischen ungefähr 1/1000 und 1,5/1000 seiner Länge beträgt, muß dieser geringe Hub für viele Anwendungen übersetzt werden. Durch die unterschiedlichen Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten der verschiedenen verwendeten Materialien werden Setzeffekte verursacht, die in Hubrichtung zum Teil größer sind als der mögliche Hub durch das piezoelektrische Aktorelement.To use a piezo actuator as a control can, it is necessary to compensate To provide elongation as a function of temperature. Since the achievable by means of a piezoelectric actuator stroke only between is about 1/1000 and 1.5 / 1000 of its length This small hub can be translated for many applications. By the different ones Temperature expansion coefficients of the different used materials are causing set effects that in the stroke direction are partly larger than the possible stroke through the piezoelectric actuator element.

Um einen Toleranzausgleich zu schaffen, ist beim Ventil der EP 0 477 400 A1 in der Hydraulikkammer ein definiertes Leck vorgesehen. Bei langsamen Veränderungen des Ventilaufbaus, wie sie beispielsweise durch Temperaturveränderungen verursacht werden, kann die Hydraulikflüssigkeit durch das Leck entweichen und so die Effekte in Hubrichtung ausgleichen. Die Viskosität der Hydraulikflüssigkeit ist so gewählt, daß bei schnellen Änderungen, wie sie vom Piezoaktor verursacht werden, die Hydraulikflüssigkeit nicht durch das Leck entweicht und die Auslenkung des Piezoaktors auf den Betätigungskolben übertragen wird. Dieser Ausgleich ist sehr aufwendig und teuer, da sehr geringe Toleranzen bei der Herstellung der Kolben gefordert sind, um ein definiertes Leck in Form eines Ringspalts zwischen Kolben und umgebender Zylinderwand erzeugen zu können. Ferner muß abgeführte Hydraulikflüssigkeit wieder in den hydraulischen Raum zurückgeführt werden, wozu entsprechende Vorrichtungen vorgesehen werden müssen.To create a tolerance compensation, the valve is the EP 0 477 400 A1 in the hydraulic chamber a defined leak intended. With slow changes of the valve structure, as for example by temperature changes can be caused by the hydraulic fluid Leak escape and so the effects in the stroke direction compensate. The viscosity of the hydraulic fluid is so Chosen that in case of rapid changes, as described by Piezoelectric actuator caused, the hydraulic fluid is not escapes through the leak and the deflection of the piezoelectric actuator is transmitted to the actuating piston. This compensation is very expensive and expensive, since very low tolerances the production of the pistons are required to one defined leak in the form of an annular gap between pistons and create surrounding cylinder wall. Furthermore, must discharged hydraulic fluid back into the hydraulic Room are returned, including corresponding devices must be provided.

Aus der US 4,550,744 ist ein hydraulisches Steuerventil bekannt, das einen Piezoaktor aufweist, der zwecks Temperaturkompensation von einem als zylindrische Hülse ausgebildeten Ausgleichselement aus einem Material mit gleichem Temperaturdehnungsverhalten umgeben ist. Das Steuerventil hat jedoch den Nachteil, dass wegen der geringen Längenänderung des Piezoaktors eine hydraulische Übersetzung erforderlich ist. From US 4,550,744 is a hydraulic control valve known, which has a piezoelectric actuator, the purpose Temperature compensation of one as a cylindrical sleeve trained compensation element made of a material with is surrounded by the same temperature expansion behavior. The However, control valve has the disadvantage that because of the small change in length of the piezoelectric actuator hydraulic Translation is required.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Ventil zum Steuern von Flüssigkeiten mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß es sehr einfach aufgebaut ist und aufgrund der mechanischen Übersetzung kostengünstig hergestellt werden kann. Das Ausgleichselement ist im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik in den Kraftfluss vom Piezoaktor zum Ventilglied integriert. Unter einem Verhältnis der Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten von annähernd oder gleich 1 werden dabei Werte zwischen 1,0 und ungefähr 1,1 verstanden. Im Idealfall beträgt das Verhältnis 1. The valve according to the invention for controlling fluids having the characterizing features of claim 1 In contrast, the advantage that it is very simple and cost-effective due to the mechanical translation can be produced. The compensation element is in Contrary to the state of the art in the power flow of Piezo actuator integrated to the valve member. Under a Ratio of thermal expansion coefficients of approximate or equal to 1 values between 1.0 and about 1.1 understood. Ideally, the ratio is 1.

Es ergibt sich beim erfindungsgemäßen Ventil eine deutlich verringerte Teileanzahl. Daraus resultiert ein vereinfachter Zusammenbau des Ventils sowie eine Reduzierung von Einmeßvorgängen, da weniger Teile eingemessen werden müssen. Dadurch können insbesondere die Herstellungs- und Montagekosten für das Ventil deutlich verringert werden.It results in the valve according to the invention a clear reduced number of parts. This results in a simplified Assembly of the valve as well as a reduction of Einmeßvorgängen, since fewer parts must be calibrated. As a result, in particular the manufacturing and Installation costs for the valve can be significantly reduced.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung sind Piezoaktor und Ausgleichselement räumlich benachbart und vorzugsweise in einem gemeinsamen Raum angeordnet. Temperaturänderungen wirken dann auf beide Teile in gleicher Weise ein, so daß sich die Längenveränderung von Piezoaktor und Ausgleichselement kompensieren.According to another embodiment are piezoelectric actuator and Compensation element spatially adjacent and preferably in arranged in a common room. temperature changes then act on both parts in the same way, so that the change in length of piezoelectric actuator and Compensate compensating element.

Sind die Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten von Piezoaktor und Ausgleichselement gleich, wird vorteilhaft ein Aufbau gewählt, bei dem die wirksame Länge des Ausgleichselements der Länge des Piezoaktors entspricht. Unter wirksamer Länge wird dabei die Ausdehnung des Ausgleichselements parallel zur Achse des Piezoaktors verstanden, die für eine Ausdehnung des Ausgleichselements in Richtung der Achse des Piezoelements zur Verfügung steht.Are the thermal expansion coefficients of piezoelectric actuator and Equalizing equal, is advantageous a structure chosen, in which the effective length of the compensating element corresponds to the length of the piezoelectric actuator. Under effective length while the expansion of the compensation element is parallel understood to the axis of the piezoelectric actuator, for a Expansion of the compensating element in the direction of the axis of Piezoelectric element is available.

Als geeignet für den Betrieb des Ventils hat sich herausgestellt, daß das Ausgleichselement aus Invar besteht.As suitable for the operation of the valve has become proved that the compensation element consists of Invar.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist zwischen Übertragungselement und Übersetzer ein Luftspalt vorgesehen. Der Luftspalt mißt nur wenige µm. Weisen Piezoaktor und Ausgleichselement nicht genau denselben Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten auf, kann auf diese Weise ein Restfehlerausgleich erreicht werden.In an advantageous embodiment is between Transmission element and translator provided an air gap. The air gap measures only a few microns. Ways piezoelectric actuator and Compensation element not exactly the same Thermal expansion coefficient, can in this way Residual error compensation can be achieved.

In vorteilhafter Weise umfaßt das Übertragungselement eine Zugstange und das Ausgleichselement ist Teil der Zugstange. Auf diese Weise ist das Übertragungselement sehr einfach herzustellen und es treten nur sehr geringe Schwierigkeiten durch Fertigungstoleranzen auf.Advantageously, the transmission element comprises a Pull rod and the compensation element is part of the pull rod. In this way, the transmission element is very simple produce and there are very little difficulty due to manufacturing tolerances.

Eine robuste Ausführung des Ventils wird erreicht, wenn der Übersetzer als mechanisches Übersetzer, vorzugsweise als Hebel ausgeführt ist.A robust design of the valve is achieved when the Translator as mechanical translator, preferably as Lever is executed.

In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung liegt ein Auflager des Hebels in der Achse des Piezoaktors. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention is a Support of the lever in the axis of the piezo actuator.

Entsprechen sich die Ausehnungskoeffizienten von Piezoaktor und Ausgleichselement nicht genau oder soll eine Längenausdehnung weiterer Materialien neben der Längenausdehnung des Piezoaktors ausgeglichen werden, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die wirksame Länge des Ausgleichselements ungleich der Länge des Piezoaktors ist.Are the expansion coefficients of piezoelectric actuator and compensation element not exactly or should one Length expansion of other materials in addition to the Linear expansion of the piezoelectric actuator are compensated, it is advantageous if the effective length of the compensating element is not equal to the length of the piezoelectric actuator.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen.

  • Figur 1 ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel im Schnitt,
  • Figur 2 eine Ausführung des Ventilglieds als doppelschaltendes Ventil,
  • Figur 3 ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel im Schnitt,
  • Figur 4 ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel im Schnitt.
    • Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail in the following description. Show it.
  • 1 shows a fuel injection valve according to a first embodiment in section,
  • 2 shows an embodiment of the valve member as a double-switching valve,
  • 3 shows a fuel injection valve according to a second embodiment in section,
  • Figure 4 shows a fuel injection valve according to a third embodiment in section.

    • Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

    Figur 1 zeigt ein Ventil zum Steuern von Flüssigkeiten gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Das Ventil umfaßt ein Gehäuse 1, in welchem ein Piezoaktor 2 angeordnet ist. Am freien Ende des Piezoaktors 2 schließt sich ein Übertragungselement 3 an, das eine parallel zur Achse 4 des Piezoaktors 2 verlaufende Zugstange 5 enthält. Der Piezoaktor ist durch eine Tellerfeder 6 vorgespannt. In die Zugstange 8 ist ein Ausgleichselement 7 integriert, das aus Invar® hergestellt ist. Das Ausgleichselement 7 ist hier mittels einer Gewindeverbindung mit der Zugstange 5 verbunden. Andere Arten der Verbindung, beispielsweise durch Verkleben, können jedoch ebenso verwendet werden. Ausgleichselement 7 und Piezoaktor 2 sind annähernd gleich lang und räumlich in engem Abstand zueinander in einem gemeinsamen Raum angeordnet. Die Zugstange 5 setzt sich in einen Schenkel 8 fort, der das Auflager mit der Auflagerachse 9 für den Hebel 10 bildet. In Figur 1 fluchtet die Auflagerachse 9 nicht mit der Achse 4 des Piezoaktors. Jedoch kann bei einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Ventils zum Steuern von Flüssigkeiten die Auflagerachse 9 auch mit der Achse 4 des Piezoaktors 2 fluchten.FIG. 1 shows a valve for controlling fluids according to FIG a first embodiment of the invention. The valve comprises a housing 1, in which a piezoelectric actuator 2 is arranged is. At the free end of the piezoelectric actuator 2 closes Transmission element 3, which is parallel to the axis 4 of the Piezoactors 2 extending tie rod 5 contains. Of the Piezoelectric actuator is biased by a plate spring 6. In the Tie rod 8 is a compensation element 7 integrated, the off Invar® is made. The compensating element 7 is here by means of a threaded connection with the pull rod 5 connected. Other types of connection, for example by Gluing, however, can be used as well. Compensating element 7 and piezoelectric actuator 2 are approximately equal long and spatially close together in one arranged in common room. The pull rod 5 is in a leg 8 on which the support with the Support axle 9 for the lever 10 forms. In Figure 1 is aligned the support axis 9 not with the axis 4 of the piezoelectric actuator. However, in a preferred embodiment of the Valve according to the invention for controlling liquids Support axis 9 also with the axis 4 of the piezoelectric actuator. 2 aligned.

    Zwischen Schenkel 8 und Hebel 10 ist in der Ruhelage ein Luftspalt 11 gebildet. Der Luftspalt 11 mißt dabei nur wenige µm. Hebel 10 ist auf dem Lager 12 gelagert, das den Hebel 10 in einen kürzeren Hebelarm der Länge B und einen längeren Hebelarm der Länge A aufteilt. Durch das Verhältnis A/B wird das Übersetzungsverhältnis bestimmt. Der Hebel 10 wird durch die in Öffnungsrichtung des Ventilglieds 13 auf den längeren Hebelarm wirkende Druckfeder 14 vorgespannt.
    Der längere Hebelarm mit der Länge A wirkt auf den Kolben 15 des Ventilglieds 13. In der Ruhelage wird der Kolben 15 durch die Druckfeder 16, die eine größere Federkonstante besitzt als die Druckfeder 14, gegen den Ventilsitz 17 gepreßt.    Between leg 8 and lever 10, an air gap 11 is formed in the rest position. The air gap 11 measures only a few microns. Lever 10 is mounted on the bearing 12, which divides the lever 10 into a shorter lever arm of length B and a longer lever arm of length A. By the ratio A / B, the gear ratio is determined. The lever 10 is biased by acting in the opening direction of the valve member 13 on the longer lever spring 14 compression spring.
    The longer lever arm with the length A acts on the piston 15 of the valve member 13. In the rest position, the piston 15 is pressed by the compression spring 16, which has a larger spring constant than the compression spring 14, against the valve seat 17.

    In Figur 1 ist das erfindungsgemäße Ventil als einfach schaltendes Ab- bzw. Zulaufventil gezeigt. Es ist jedoch auch eine Ausführung als doppelt schaltendes Ventil möglich. Eine solche Ausführungsform ist in Figur 2 dargestellt. Das Ventil unterscheidet sich von dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Ventil nur im Ventilglied. In Figur 2 ist daher nur dieser Ausschnitt dargestellt. Kolben 15 kann dabei an einem oberen Sitz 18 sowie an einem unteren Sitz 19 zur Anlage gelangen. Der Zulauf zum Ventil erfolgt über Zulaufleitung 20, die im dargestellten Ventil von unten an das Ventilgehäuse herangeführt ist, während die Ablaufleitung 21 gegenüberliegend zur Zulaufleitung 20 oberhalb des oberen Ventilsitzes angeordnet ist.In Figure 1, the valve of the invention is as simple switching exhaust or inlet valve shown. However, it is Also a version as a double-switching valve possible. Such an embodiment is shown in FIG. The Valve differs from that shown in Figure 1 Valve only in the valve member. In Figure 2 is therefore only this Section shown. Piston 15 can be at an upper Seat 18 and get to a lower seat 19 to the plant. The inlet to the valve via supply line 20, which in valve shown from below to the valve body while the drain line 21 opposite to the feed line 20 above the upper Valve seat is arranged.

    Wirkungsweiseoperation

    Beim Betrieb des Ventils unter Verwendung eines Piezoaktors 2 ist es notwendig, Längenänderungen des Piezoaktors 2, des Ventils selbst oder des Ventilgehäuses 1 auszugleichen. Diesem Zweck dient das Ausgleichselement 7, sowie zur Restfehlerkorrektur der Luftspalt 11.When operating the valve using a piezo actuator 2, it is necessary to change the length of the piezoelectric actuator 2, the Valve itself or the valve housing 1 to compensate. This purpose is the compensation element 7, as well as for Residual error correction of the air gap 11.

    Jedesmal, wenn der Piezoaktor 2 angeschaltet wird, wird das Übertragungselement 3 gegen die Vorspannung der Tellerfeder 6 angehoben. Der Hub wird über Zugstange 5 und Schenkel 8 auf den kürzeren Arm des Hebels 10 übertragen. Bestimmt durch das Verhältnis der Hebelarmlängen A/B wird der Hub des Piezoaktors 2 in einen entsprechenden Hub des längeren Hebelarms (A) übersetzt. Der Hebelarm (A) bewegt sich in Öffnungsrichtung des Ventilglieds 13 und bewegt den Kolben 15 gegen die Kraft der Feder 16 nach unten, wodurch die Leitung 21 geöffnet wird. Wird der Piezoaktor 2 abgeschaltet, sinkt das Übertragungselement 3 wieder in seine Ruhelage zurück und der Kolben 15 wird durch die Kraft der Feder 16 wieder gegen den Sitz 17 gepreßt, wodurch die Leitung 21 wieder geschlossen wird. Durch die Kraft der Feder 14 wird Hebel 10 wieder in seine Ruhelage überführt und Luftspalt 11 bildet sich wieder aus.Each time the piezoelectric actuator 2 is turned on, the Transmission element 3 against the bias of the diaphragm spring 6 raised. The stroke is via tie rod 5 and leg 8 transferred to the shorter arm of the lever 10. Certainly by the ratio of Hebelarmlängen A / B is the stroke of Piezoaktors 2 in a corresponding stroke of the longer Lever arm (A) translated. The lever arm (A) moves in Opening direction of the valve member 13 and moves the piston 15 against the force of the spring 16 down, causing the Line 21 is opened. If the piezoelectric actuator 2 switched off, the transmission element 3 sinks back into its rest position is back and the piston 15 is powered by the force the spring 16 again pressed against the seat 17, whereby the Line 21 is closed again. By the power of Spring 14, lever 10 is returned to its rest position and air gap 11 is formed again.

    Bei der in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführung als doppelt schaltendes Ventil wird entsprechend bei angeschaltetem Piezoaktor 2 der Kolben 15 gegen den unteren Ventilsitz 19 gepreßt und es wird die Zulaufleitung 20 geschlossen und die Ablaufleitung 21 geöffnet. In ausgeschaltetem Zustand ist entsprechend Zulauf 20 geöffnet und Ablauf 21 geschlossen.In the embodiment shown in Figure 2 as a double switching valve is switched on accordingly Piezoelectric actuator 2 of the piston 15 against the lower valve seat 19th pressed and it is the supply line 20 is closed and the Drain line 21 opened. When switched off opened according to inlet 20 and outlet 21 closed.

    Bei Temperaturänderungen verändert sich die Ausdehnung des Piezoaktors 2 entlang seiner Achse in Hubrichtung. Zur Kompensation dieser Längenveränderung ist das Ausgleichselement 7 vorgesehen. Es ist beispielsweise aus Invar® hergestellt und besitzt einen ähnlichen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten wie der Piezoaktor 2. Bei gleicher Temperaturänderung zeigt es daher vergleichbare Längenänderungen. Da Piezoaktor 2 und Ausgleichselement 7 in räumlicher Nähe im selben Raum angeordnet sind, unterliegen sie beide denselben Temperatureinflüssen. Damit zeigen beide Teile annähernd gleiche Längenänderungen. Geringe Unterschiede in den Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten, die einen Restfehler erzeugen, werden durch den Luftspalt 11 aufgefangen. Dieser kann in gewissen Grenzen vergrößert oder verringert werden, ohne die Funktion des Ventils zu beeinflussen. Die Dimensionierung des Luftspalts 11 wird so gewählt, daß sowohl im kalten Zustand wie auch bei höheren Temperaturen keine Verspannungen bzw. zu große Toleranzen in der Übertragung des Hubs des Piezoaktors 2 auf den Kolben 15 auftreten. Dehnt sich der Piezoaktor 2 mit zunehmender Temperatur stärker aus, als das Ausgleichselement 7, muß im Zustand bei Raumtemperatur ein etwas größerer Luftspalt 11 vorgesehen werden, der mit steigender Temperatur kleiner wird. Dehnt sich hingegen das Ausgleichselement 7 mit steigender Temperatur stärker aus als der Piezoaktor 2, muß im Zustand bei Raumtemperatur ein sehr kleiner Luftspalt 11 vorgesehen werden, der mit steigender Temperatur größer wird. When temperature changes, the expansion of the Piezoaktors 2 along its axis in the stroke direction. to Compensation of this change in length is that Compensation element 7 is provided. It is for example off Invar® and has a similar Thermal expansion coefficients as the piezoelectric actuator 2. Bei same temperature change, it shows therefore comparable Changes in length. Since piezoelectric actuator 2 and compensation element 7 in spatial proximity in the same room are subject they both have the same temperature influences. This shows both Parts approximately the same length changes. low Differences in the thermal expansion coefficients, the one To generate residual errors are through the air gap 11 collected. This can be increased within certain limits or be reduced without the function of the valve influence. The dimensioning of the air gap 11 is so chosen that both in the cold state as well as at higher Temperatures no tension or too large tolerances in the transmission of the stroke of the piezoelectric actuator 2 to the piston 15th occur. The piezoelectric actuator 2 expands with increasing Temperature stronger than the compensation element 7, must in Condition at room temperature a slightly larger air gap 11 be provided, the smaller with increasing temperature becomes. If, on the other hand, the compensating element 7 stretches with it rising temperature stronger than the piezoelectric actuator 2, must in the state at room temperature, a very small air gap 11 be provided, which increases with increasing temperature becomes.

    Figur 3 stellt ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Ventils 50 dar. FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment a valve 50 according to the invention.

    Auch das Ventil 50 umfaßt ein Gehäuse, in welchem ein Piezoaktor 53 angeordnet ist. Hierbei wird jedoch der Hub des Piezoaktors 53 nicht direkt auf den Kolben 56 übertragen, sondern, wie beim ersten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1, ist ein Übertragungselement 52 mit dem Piezoaktor 53 verbunden. Zudem ist das Übertragungselement 52 mit einem Ausgleichselement 51 verbunden, wobei das Ausgleichselement 51 parallel zum Piezoaktor 53 angeordnet ist. Schließlich greift das Ausgleichselement 51 in einen Hebel 54 ein, welcher wiederum mit dem Kolben 56 verbunden ist. Somit ergeben sich bei dem Ventil 50 gemäß dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Wirkungsweise des Piezoaktors 53 und des Ausgleichselementes 51, die gleichen Ergebnisse wie bei den entsprechenden Bauteilen des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß Figur 1. In diesem Zusammenhang sei darauf hingewiesen, daß die Ausgleichselemente des ersten und zweiten Ausführungsbeispieles, je nach Bedarf, unterschiedliche symmetrische Formen im Querschnitt aufweisen können. Hierbei bieten sich zum Beispiel eine runde, dreieckförmige oder viereckförmige Querschnittsform an.Also, the valve 50 includes a housing in which a Piezoactuator 53 is arranged. Here, however, the hub of the piezoelectric actuator 53 is not directly on the piston 56th but, as in the first embodiment According to Figure 1, a transmission element 52 with the Piezo actuator 53 connected. In addition, the transmission element 52 connected to a compensating element 51, wherein the Compensation element 51 is arranged parallel to the piezoelectric actuator 53 is. Finally, the compensation element 51 engages in one Lever 54, which in turn connected to the piston 56 is. Thus arise in the valve 50 according to the second embodiment, in particular with regard to the operation of the piezoelectric actuator 53 and the Compensation element 51, the same results as in the corresponding components of the first embodiment according to FIG. 1. In this connection, let it be pointed out that the compensation elements of the first and second embodiment, as needed, different symmetrical shapes in cross section can have. Here are, for example, a round, triangular or quadrangular cross-sectional shape at.

    Schließlich ist in Figur 4 ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Ventils 60 dargestellt. Dieses Ventil 60 gemäß Figur 5 unterscheidet sich von dem Ventil 50 gemäß Figur 3 dadurch, daß das Ausgleichselement 61 durch ein Vorspannelement in Form einer Dichtfeder 62 vorgespannt ist. Hierzu ist das Ausgleichselement 61 an seinem in Figur 4 oberen Ende mit einem Kolben 63 verbunden, welcher wiederum mit einem übertragungselement 64 verbunden ist, und an welchem die Dichtfeder 62 angreift. Finally, in Figure 4, a third Embodiment of a valve 60 according to the invention shown. This valve 60 according to FIG. 5 differs from the valve 50 according to Figure 3 in that the Compensation element 61 by a biasing element in the form of a Seal spring 62 is biased. This is the Compensation element 61 at its upper end in Figure 4 with a piston 63 connected, which in turn with a transmission element 64 is connected, and at which the Seal spring 62 attacks.

    Des weiteren ist bei dem Ventil 60 gemäß Figur 4, im Unterschied zu Ventil 50 gemäß Figur 3 eine Führung 65 vorgesehen, welche sich in der Achse des Ausgleichselementes 61 nebst Kolben 66 bis hin zum Steuerventil mit ersten Sitz 67 und zweiten Sitz 68 erstreckt.Furthermore, in the valve 60 according to Figure 4, in Difference to valve 50 according to Figure 3, a guide 65th provided, which is in the axis of the compensating element 61 together with piston 66 up to the control valve with first seat 67 and second seat 68 extends.

    Dadurch bedingt auch das Ausgleichselement 61 des Ventils 60 in Verbindung mit dem Piezoaktor 69 die gleiche Wirkungsweise wie bei den erstgenannten Ausführungbeispielen eins und zwei. Zudem kann natürlich auch bei den zweiten und dritten Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß den Figuren 3 und 4 ein Luftspalt zwischen Kolben und zugeordnetem Ventilglied ausgebildet sein, um den anhand des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels erläuterten Restfehler bei Unterschieden in dem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten zwischen Piezoaktor und Ausgleichselement zu kompensieren.This also causes the compensation element 61 of the valve 60th in conjunction with the piezoelectric actuator 69 the same Mode of action as in the first-mentioned embodiments one and two. In addition, of course, also in the second and third Embodiments according to Figures 3 and 4 a Air gap between piston and associated valve member be trained to be the first Embodiment explained residual error Differences in the thermal expansion coefficient between To compensate for piezoelectric actuator and compensation element.

    Auch hat sich herausgestellt, daß eine besonders gute Funktionsweise der erfindungsgemäßen Ventile erzielt wird, wenn der Piezoaktor und das Steuerventil quasi in einer Achse liegen sowie der Piezoaktor und das Ausgleichselement sehr nahe beisammen liegen.It has also been found that a particularly good Operation of the valves according to the invention is achieved, when the piezoelectric actuator and the control valve almost in one Axis lie as well as the piezoelectric actuator and the compensation element very close together.

    Abschließend ist anzumerken, daß das erfindungsgemäße Ventil gemäß den verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen einfach- oder doppelschaltend aufgebaut sein kann. Auch sind die erfindungsgemäßen Lösungen bei einem 2/3-Steuerventil anwendbar. Des weiteren ist den Ausführungbeispielen gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 gemein, daß der jeweilige Piezoaktor durch eine Vorspannfeder mit niedriger Steifigkeit und hoher Vorspannkraft vorgespannt ist.Finally, it should be noted that the valve according to the invention according to the various embodiments simple or can be constructed double-switching. Also are the Solutions according to the invention in a 2/3-control valve applicable. Furthermore, the execution examples according to the figures 1 and 2 in common, that the respective Piezo actuator by a biasing spring with lower Stiffness and high preload force is biased.

    Claims (8)

    1. Valve for controlling fluids, having a piezoactuator (2) whose travel is transmitted to a valve element (13) by means of a transmission element (3), wherein a compensation element (7), which compensates temperature fluctuations of the piezoactuator (2), is provided at a distance from the piezoactuator (2), and wherein the ratio of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the piezoactuator (2) and of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the compensation element (7) is approximate to or equal to one, characterized in that the compensation element (7; 51) is of rod-shaped design and is arranged in parallel with and at a distance from the piezoactuator (2; 53).
    2. Valve for controlling fluids according to Claim 1, characterized in that the piezoactuator (2) and the compensation element (7) are arranged in a spatially adjacent fashion, preferably in a common space.
    3. Valve for controlling fluids according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the effective length of the compensation element (7) corresponds to the length of the piezoactuator (2).
    4. Valve for controlling fluids according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the compensation element (7) is composed of Invar® or ceramic.
    5. Valve for controlling fluids according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an air gap (11) is provided between the transmission element (3) and a transformer (10).
    6. Valve for controlling fluids according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the transmission element (3) comprises a connecting rod (5), and the compensation element (7) is part of the connecting rod (5).
    7. Valve for controlling fluids according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the transmission element (3) transmits the travel to a transforming element (10), wherein the transforming element is embodied as a mechanical transmission element, preferably as a lever.
    8. Valve for controlling fluids according to Claim 7, characterized in that a support of the lever (10) is located on the axis (9) of the piezoactuator.
    EP00960336A 1999-08-20 2000-08-01 Valve for controlling the flow of liquids Expired - Lifetime EP1210517B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (5)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE19939488 1999-08-20
    DE19939488 1999-08-20
    DE10002720A DE10002720A1 (en) 1999-08-20 2000-01-22 Valve for controlling liquids
    DE10002720 2000-01-22
    PCT/DE2000/002534 WO2001014731A1 (en) 1999-08-20 2000-08-01 Valve for controlling the flow of liquids

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1210517A1 EP1210517A1 (en) 2002-06-05
    EP1210517B1 true EP1210517B1 (en) 2005-04-06

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    EP00960336A Expired - Lifetime EP1210517B1 (en) 1999-08-20 2000-08-01 Valve for controlling the flow of liquids

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    US (1) US6776390B1 (en)
    EP (1) EP1210517B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP2003507679A (en)
    AT (1) ATE292754T1 (en)
    CZ (1) CZ2002569A3 (en)
    WO (1) WO2001014731A1 (en)

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    ATE292754T1 (en) 2005-04-15
    CZ2002569A3 (en) 2003-06-18
    WO2001014731A1 (en) 2001-03-01
    JP2003507679A (en) 2003-02-25
    US6776390B1 (en) 2004-08-17
    EP1210517A1 (en) 2002-06-05

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