EP1209709A1 - Electrical circuit for transmitting the status information, particularly for railway material, and system incorporating such a circuit - Google Patents
Electrical circuit for transmitting the status information, particularly for railway material, and system incorporating such a circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1209709A1 EP1209709A1 EP20010402860 EP01402860A EP1209709A1 EP 1209709 A1 EP1209709 A1 EP 1209709A1 EP 20010402860 EP20010402860 EP 20010402860 EP 01402860 A EP01402860 A EP 01402860A EP 1209709 A1 EP1209709 A1 EP 1209709A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- branch
- electrical circuit
- circuit according
- accumulator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/60—Auxiliary means structurally associated with the switch for cleaning or lubricating contact-making surfaces
- H01H1/605—Cleaning of contact-making surfaces by relatively high voltage pulses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
- H01H9/167—Circuits for remote indication
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrical circuit for routing information of all or nothing type, in particular for an application in the field rail.
- a solution currently used consists in connecting to the two terminals of a accumulator an electric circuit in closed loop, which comprises in series at least one switch linked to the state of the organ to be controlled, a resistance, and an insulation link galvanic connected to the device receiving the information contained in the signal, by example the electronic control circuit of the PLC or the control and signaling.
- the open or closed position of the switch is representative of the state of a parameter or equipment.
- a current including the intensity is limited by the resistance, circulates in the circuit.
- no current does not pass.
- the presence or absence of this current is transformed by the connection to galvanic isolation into all or nothing information communicated to the electronic circuit.
- a train has a plurality of such circuits connected to terminals of the same accumulator.
- the accumulator generally supplying several circuits, and other equipment, the voltage it delivers varies over time with the level of load at its terminals.
- the intensity of the current in the circuit therefore also varies, in proportion to the state of charge of the accumulator.
- the amount of heat dissipated increases with the number of switches and information to be transmitted.
- the invention aims to reduce the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.
- the aim of the invention is therefore to carry information from all or nothing type with a high degree of reliability and availability, while reducing the power dissipated by the Joule effect.
- the invention also relates to an electrical system intended for transmitting a plurality of state information, characterized in that it comprises an accumulator and a plurality of electrical circuits, as defined above, each intended for transmit status information and connected in parallel to the terminals of said accumulator.
- this electrical system is on board a railway convoy, each switch being associated with an organ or a equipment of the railway convoy, to control its state or position.
- FIG. 1 represents a particular embodiment of a circuit for transmission capable of transmitting all or nothing information representative of the state of a organ or equipment to be checked, in particular vehicle equipment rail.
- An elementary circuit belonging to a system has been isolated in FIG. 1 more complete electric, not shown, comprising a plurality of elementary circuits similar connected in parallel to the terminals of an accumulator and able to transmit a plurality of all or nothing information to an electronic circuit for controlling automata.
- the electrical transmission circuit is connected to the terminals of a accumulator 3 and a connection S collects at the output of the elementary circuit, the information all or nothing by means of a link which will be described below, to transmit it to one of the input ports of an electronic circuit 2.
- the electronic circuit 2 also includes ports 4 for output by example for the control of PLCs (not shown).
- the accumulator 3 the electrical system and the electronic circuit 2 are intended to be loaded onto a train. It goes without saying that the electronic circuit 2 for controlling PLCs can be replaced by a control panel control and signaling or by any device capable of receiving and processing a all or nothing information.
- the accumulator 3 is the only source of direct voltage for the whole train. Also, the various on-board equipment which requires a supply of direct current are supplied by this single accumulator 3. The voltage which it delivers is therefore likely to vary over time, depending on the load at its terminals, between 0.6 times and 1.4 times its nominal voltage.
- the accumulators 3 generally used at present in trains, have nominal voltages of 24 volts, 36 volts, 48 volts, 96 volts and 110 volts.
- the electrical transmission circuit comprises a loop B supplied by the accumulator 3 which comprises, arranged in series, a switch 5, a diode 16, an inductor 6, a galvanically isolated connection 7 which can for example be carried out by means of an optocoupler, and two branches 8 and 9 in parallels originating at a point A arranged at the outlet of the connection to galvanic isolation 7.
- the diode 16 is polarized so as to prevent the discharge of inductor 6 elsewhere than through the optocoupler 7.
- the branch 8 comprises, arranged in series, a capacitor 10 and a variable voltage generator 1 producing a square signal, of half-period t 0 and of peak-to-peak amplitude Vg symmetrical as shown in FIG. 2.
- the value of the voltage amplitude Vg will be chosen to be less than the voltage E across the terminals of the accumulator 3 and will, for example, be of the order of 15 V. w
- the second branch 9 comprises a diode 12 and a capacitor 13 in series.
- a resistor 14 is disposed between a point P of the second branch 9 located between the diode 12 and the capacitor 13, and the positive terminal of the accumulator 3.
- the diode 12 is polarized so as to prevent the discharge of the capacitor 13 elsewhere than by the resistance 14.
- the organ or equipment whose state we want to control activates the closure and the opening of the switch 5.
- ⁇ Q C10 C 10 * (Vg-Vc-2 * Vd-Vled).
- the charge variation of the inductance 6 of the first branch is also immediately transferred through the diode 12 into the capacitor 13 with a slight increase in the voltage across its terminals (because C 13 >> C 10 ) and the charges are then dissipated in the resistance 14.
- V AT (t) ( vg - Vc - Vd - Vled ) - ( E + Vd - vg ) t 0 * T + E + Vd-Vg
- Is V AT (T) vg - Vc - 2 * Vd - Vled t 0 * T + E + Vd-Vg
- the variation of the current i L in the inductance 6 during the first and second phases is shown in an exaggerated manner, in order to be better visible, on the graph of FIG. 3.
- the current flowing through the inductor 6 also flows in the optocoupler 7, it thus establishes, when the switch 5 is closed, a current in optocoupler 7, which produces in response an output signal on connection S.
- La position of the optocoupler 7 in series with the switch 5 is advantageous since the signal it generates as an output is a fairly faithful image of the current flowing inductor 5.
- the voltage generator 1 maintains the energy level in the circuit, and only the power it releases for this purpose is consumed by the Joule effect.
- the intensity of the current i L injected into the circuit is independent of the voltage E delivered by the accumulator 3.
- a variation of the voltage E delivered by the accumulator 3 does not introduce a variation of the current consumed by resistance 14.
- FIG. 4 represents an alternative embodiment of the electrical circuit of the Figure 1 in which a clipper 11 is disposed between a point between the switch 5 and the diode 16 and the negative terminal of the accumulator 3. The operation of the circuit remains the same, the clipper 11 providing additional resistance to surges.
- the galvanically isolated connection 7 will consist of a magnetic coupling produced by a transformer whose primary winding also forms, at least in part, that of the inductor 6, the secondary being, for its part, connected to connection S.
- the operation of the electrical circuit remains unchanged.
- the variation of the current i L in the inductor 6, when the switch 5 is closed, produces at the output a voltage and / or a current at the terminals of the secondary of the transformer 7 which constitute the output signal after rectification by a rectifier not shown .
- the insulation link galvanic 7 may be placed in series with the load resistor 14, the operation of the elementary circuit remaining the same.
- the current generator can provide other waveforms variables such as triangular or sinusoidal centered or not on 0 volts. Indeed, it was chosen in the embodiment described above a variable voltage generator producing a square wave to simplify the equations and facilitate the explanation of the operation of the electrical circuit, however in practice we will choose advantageously a voltage generator producing a triangular signal.
- the invention is not limited to a railway application, but relates to the transmission, in any field, of all or nothing information.
- the presence of the inductance upstream of the optocoupler makes it possible to smooth the current passing through the optocoupler which then has a low ripple which is favorable for a good service life of the optocoupler.
- the inductance at the input of the electrical circuit also allows limit the generation of electromagnetic noise that can be transmitted to others equipment.
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne un circuit électrique pour l'acheminement d'informations de type tout ou rien, notamment pour une application dans le domaine ferroviaire.The invention relates to an electrical circuit for routing information of all or nothing type, in particular for an application in the field rail.
Dans un train, de nombreux signaux de type tout ou rien indiquant l'état d'un paramètre ou d'un équipement sont acheminés par exemple jusqu'à un circuit électronique de commande d'automates ou jusqu'à un tableau de contrôle et de signalisation. Ces signaux sont, par exemple, représentatifs de l'état d'un disjoncteur ou de la position ouverte ou fermée d'une porte d'accès à une voiture et sont destinés à être acheminés avec un degré élevé de sécurité et de disponibilité, ce qui rend inadaptée l'utilisation de liaisons de faible énergie de type informatique.In a train, many all-or-nothing signals indicating the state of a parameter or equipment are routed for example to an electronic circuit control systems or to a control and signaling panel. These signals are, for example, representative of the state of a circuit breaker or the position open or closed from an access door to a car and are intended to be routed with a high degree of security and availability, which makes the use of links unsuitable low energy computer type.
Une solution actuellement utilisée consiste à brancher aux deux bornes d'un accumulateur un circuit électrique en boucle fermée, qui comporte en série au moins un interrupteur lié à l'état de l'organe à contrôler, une résistance, et une liaison à isolation galvanique reliée au dispositif destinataire de l'information contenue dans le signal, par exemple le circuit électronique de commande d'automate ou le tableau de contrôle et de signalisation.A solution currently used consists in connecting to the two terminals of a accumulator an electric circuit in closed loop, which comprises in series at least one switch linked to the state of the organ to be controlled, a resistance, and an insulation link galvanic connected to the device receiving the information contained in the signal, by example the electronic control circuit of the PLC or the control and signaling.
La position ouverte ou fermée de l'interrupteur est représentative de l'état d'un paramètre ou d'un équipement. Lorsque l'interrupteur est fermé, un courant, dont l'intensité est limitée par la résistance, circule dans le circuit. Lorsqu'il est ouvert, aucun courant ne passe. La présence ou l'absence de ce courant est transformée par la liaison à isolation galvanique en une information tout ou rien communiquée au circuit électronique.The open or closed position of the switch is representative of the state of a parameter or equipment. When the switch is closed, a current, including the intensity is limited by the resistance, circulates in the circuit. When open, no current does not pass. The presence or absence of this current is transformed by the connection to galvanic isolation into all or nothing information communicated to the electronic circuit.
Généralement, un train comporte une pluralité de tels circuits connectés aux bornes d'un même accumulateur.Generally, a train has a plurality of such circuits connected to terminals of the same accumulator.
Comme les interrupteurs ont tendance à s'oxyder, une intensité minimale de courant, de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de milliampères, doit traverser chacun de ces interrupteurs pour les nettoyer. Ce courant est consommé à perte dans la résistance. De plus, la puissance dissipée dans la résistance par effet Joule produit de la chaleur, qui doit être évacuée. Une solution connue consiste à utiliser des ventilateurs, cependant, à l'heure actuelle, on évite, voire on s'interdit, d'utiliser de tels ventilateurs comme mode de refroidissement des circuits électroniques embarqués dans les trains pour des raisons de fiabilité, un ventilateur comportant des composants mécaniques susceptibles de se coincer, de se gripper et, de manière générale, de provoquer une panne. As the switches tend to oxidize, a minimum intensity of current, of the order of a few tens of milliamps, must pass through each of these switches to clean them. This current is consumed at a loss in the resistor. Of more, the power dissipated in the resistance by Joule effect produces heat, which must be evacuated. A known solution is to use fans, however, to At the present time, we avoid or even forbid ourselves from using such fans as a mode for cooling electronic circuits on board trains for reasons of reliability, a fan with mechanical components likely to jamming, seizing up and, in general, causing a breakdown.
La fiabilité des composants électriques et électroniques diminuant fortement lorsque la température ambiante augmente, on cherche à produire le moins de chaleur possible.The reliability of electrical and electronic components decreasing sharply when the ambient temperature increases, we try to produce the least heat possible.
Par ailleurs, l'accumulateur alimentant généralement plusieurs circuits, et d'autres équipements, la tension qu'il délivre varie dans le temps avec le niveau de la charge à ses bornes. L'intensité du courant dans le circuit varie donc elle aussi, proportionnellement à l'état de charge de l'accumulateur.Furthermore, the accumulator generally supplying several circuits, and other equipment, the voltage it delivers varies over time with the level of load at its terminals. The intensity of the current in the circuit therefore also varies, in proportion to the state of charge of the accumulator.
Par conséquent, pour obtenir l'intensité minimale requise pour le nettoyage des interrupteurs, il faut consentir à consommer un important surcroít de courant et donc de puissance, pendant certaines périodes au cours du fonctionnement du circuit. La production supplémentaire de chaleur qui l'accompagne accroít le problème de l'évacuation de cette chaleur.Therefore, to obtain the minimum intensity required for cleaning switches, you have to agree to consume a significant additional current and therefore of power, during certain periods during the operation of the circuit. The additional heat production which accompanies it increases the problem of the evacuation of this heat.
La quantité de chaleur dissipée augmente avec le nombre d'interrupteurs et d'informations à transmettre.The amount of heat dissipated increases with the number of switches and information to be transmitted.
L'invention vise à réduire les inconvénients susmentionnés de l'art antérieur.The invention aims to reduce the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.
L'invention a donc pour but de réaliser l'acheminent d'une information de type tout ou rien avec un degré élevé de fiabilité et de disponibilité, tout en réduisant la puissance dissipée par effet Joule.The aim of the invention is therefore to carry information from all or nothing type with a high degree of reliability and availability, while reducing the power dissipated by the Joule effect.
Elle a donc pour objet un circuit électrique de transmission de l'état d'un paramètre ou d'un équipement, destiné à être branché aux bornes d'un accumulateur d'alimentation et comportant :
- une liaison à isolation galvanique entre ledit circuit électrique et une sortie pour l'émission d'une information d'état, et
- un interrupteur dont la position ouverte ou fermée est représentative de l'information d'état et qui détermine le passage d'un courant dans ledit circuit électrique, le circuit électrique assurant la transmission de l'information d'état de l'interrupteur vers la sortie, par l'intermédiaire de la liaison à isolation galvanique,
- a galvanically isolated connection between said electrical circuit and an output for transmitting status information, and
- a switch, the open or closed position of which is representative of the status information and which determines the passage of a current in said electrical circuit, the electrical circuit ensuring the transmission of the status information from the switch to the output, via galvanically isolated link,
Suivant d'autres caractéristiques de ce circuit électrique :
- les moyens de filtrage selfiques sont disposés à proximité immédiate de l'interrupteur;
- une diode est interposée entre l'interrupteur et les moyens de filtrage selfiques, la diode étant polarisée de manière à interdire l'écoulement du courant des moyens de filtrage selfiques vers l'interrupteur ;
- les moyens de filtrage selfiques sont constitués d'une inductance, le circuit électrique comportant en série avec l'interrupteur et l'inductance, des première et deuxième branches en parallèles, et comportant une résistance disposée en parallèle avec l'interrupteur et l'inductance et connectée à un point de la deuxième branche, une capacité étant connectée dans la première branche et les moyens de commutation des connexions comportent une diode connectée dans la deuxième branche entre d'une part, l'une des jonctions des première et deuxième branche, et d'autre part, le point de connexion de la résistance sur la deuxième branche, la deuxième branche comportant également une capacité connectée entre d'une part l'autre de ces jonctions des première et deuxième branches et d'autre part, le point de connexion de la résistance sur la deuxième branche ;
- la liaison à isolation galvanique est connectée en série avec les moyens de filtrage selfiques ;
- la liaison à isolation galvanique est connectée en série avec la résistance ;
- le signal produit par les moyens générateurs de tension est un signal rectangulaire, triangulaire ou sinusoïdal centré ou non sur 0 volt ;
- les moyens générateurs de tension variable sont connectés dans la première branche ;
- la liaison à isolation galvanique consiste en un opto-coupleur ;
- la liaison à isolation galvanique consiste en un transformateur ;
- la liaison à isolation galvanique consiste en un transformateur connecté en série avec l'interrupteur et dont le primaire forme également au moins une partie des moyens d'emmagasinage selfiques ;
- l'entrée de l'interrupteur est branchée à une borne de l'accumulateur et un écrêteur est disposé entre la sortie de l'interrupteur et l'autre borne de l'accumulateur.
- the inductive filtering means are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the switch;
- a diode is interposed between the switch and the inductive filter means, the diode being polarized so as to prevent the flow of current from the inductive filter means to the switch;
- the inductive filtering means consist of an inductor, the electric circuit comprising in series with the switch and the inductor, first and second branches in parallel, and comprising a resistor arranged in parallel with the switch and the inductor and connected to a point of the second branch, a capacitor being connected in the first branch and the switching means of the connections comprise a diode connected in the second branch between on the one hand, one of the junctions of the first and second branch, and on the other hand, the connection point of the resistor on the second branch, the second branch also comprising a capacitor connected between on the one hand the other of these junctions of the first and second branches and on the other hand, the point connecting the resistor to the second branch;
- the galvanically isolated link is connected in series with the inductive filtering means;
- the galvanically isolated link is connected in series with the resistor;
- the signal produced by the voltage generating means is a rectangular, triangular or sinusoidal signal centered or not on 0 volts;
- the variable voltage generating means are connected in the first branch;
- the galvanically isolated connection consists of an optocoupler;
- the galvanically isolated connection consists of a transformer;
- the galvanically isolated connection consists of a transformer connected in series with the switch and the primary of which also forms at least part of the inductive storage means;
- the input of the switch is connected to one terminal of the accumulator and a clipper is disposed between the output of the switch and the other terminal of the accumulator.
L'invention a également pour objet un système électrique destiné à transmette une pluralité d'informations d'état, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un accumulateur et une pluralité de circuits électriques, tels que définis ci-dessus, destinés chacun à transmettre une information d'état et branchés en parallèles aux bornes dudit accumulateur.The invention also relates to an electrical system intended for transmitting a plurality of state information, characterized in that it comprises an accumulator and a plurality of electrical circuits, as defined above, each intended for transmit status information and connected in parallel to the terminals of said accumulator.
Suivant une autre caractéristique de ce système électrique, celui-ci est embarqué dans un convoi ferroviaire, chaque interrupteur étant associé à un organe ou un équipement du convoi ferroviaire, pour en contrôler l'état ou la position.According to another characteristic of this electrical system, it is on board a railway convoy, each switch being associated with an organ or a equipment of the railway convoy, to control its state or position.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :
- la figure 1 représente un circuit électrique pour la transmission d'une pluralité d'informations tout ou rien selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention,
- la figure 2 représente un graphe illustrant la tension de sortie du générateur de tension,
- la figure 3 représente un graphe illustrant la valeur théorique du courant en fonction du temps dans la branche du circuit comportant l'interrupteur, la représentation selon l'axe des ordonnées étant grossie de manière à faire apparaítre de façon accentuée la variation de courant.
- la figure 4 représente une variante de réalisation du circuit électrique de la figure 1.
- FIG. 1 represents an electrical circuit for the transmission of a plurality of all or nothing information according to a particular embodiment of the invention,
- FIG. 2 represents a graph illustrating the output voltage of the voltage generator,
- Figure 3 shows a graph illustrating the theoretical value of current as a function of time in the branch of the circuit comprising the switch, the representation along the ordinate axis being magnified so as to show in an accentuated manner the variation of current.
- FIG. 4 represents an alternative embodiment of the electrical circuit of FIG. 1.
Pour faciliter la lecture des dessins, seuls les éléments nécessaires à la compréhension de l'invention ont été représentés. Les mêmes éléments portent les mêmes références d'une figure à l'autre.To facilitate the reading of the drawings, only the elements necessary for the understanding of the invention have been shown. The same elements have the same references from one figure to another.
La figure 1 représente un mode particulier de réalisation d'un circuit de transmission apte à transmettre une information tout ou rien représentative de l'état d'un organe ou d'un équipement à contrôler, notamment un équipement de véhicules ferroviaires. On a isolé sur la figure 1 un circuit élémentaire appartenant à un système électrique plus complet, non représenté, comportant une pluralité de circuits élémentaires similaires connectés en parallèles aux bornes d'un accumulateur et aptes à transmettre une pluralité d'informations tout ou rien à un circuit électronique de commande d'automates. FIG. 1 represents a particular embodiment of a circuit for transmission capable of transmitting all or nothing information representative of the state of a organ or equipment to be checked, in particular vehicle equipment rail. An elementary circuit belonging to a system has been isolated in FIG. 1 more complete electric, not shown, comprising a plurality of elementary circuits similar connected in parallel to the terminals of an accumulator and able to transmit a plurality of all or nothing information to an electronic circuit for controlling automata.
Le circuit électrique de transmission est connecté aux bornes d'un accumulateur 3 et une connexion S récupère en sortie du circuit élémentaire, l'information tout ou rien au moyen d'une liaison qui sera décrite ci-après, pour la transmettre à l'un des ports d'entrée d'un circuit électronique 2.The electrical transmission circuit is connected to the terminals of a accumulator 3 and a connection S collects at the output of the elementary circuit, the information all or nothing by means of a link which will be described below, to transmit it to one of the input ports of an electronic circuit 2.
Le circuit électronique 2 comporte également des ports 4 de sortie par exemple pour la commande d'automates (non représentés).The electronic circuit 2 also includes ports 4 for output by example for the control of PLCs (not shown).
Dans l'application principale visée, l'accumulateur 3, le système électrique et le circuit électronique 2 sont destinés à être embarqués dans un train. Il va de soi que le circuit électronique 2 de commande d'automates peut être remplacé par un tableau de contrôle et de signalisation ou par tout dispositif susceptible de recevoir et de traiter une information tout ou rien.In the main application targeted, the accumulator 3, the electrical system and the electronic circuit 2 are intended to be loaded onto a train. It goes without saying that the electronic circuit 2 for controlling PLCs can be replaced by a control panel control and signaling or by any device capable of receiving and processing a all or nothing information.
Généralement, l'accumulateur 3 est la seule source de tension continue pour tout le train. Aussi, les divers équipements embarqués qui nécessitent une alimentation en courant continu sont alimentés par cet unique accumulateur 3. La tension qu'il délivre est donc susceptible de varier dans le temps, en fonction de la charge à ses bornes, entre 0,6 fois et 1,4 fois sa tension nominale.Generally, the accumulator 3 is the only source of direct voltage for the whole train. Also, the various on-board equipment which requires a supply of direct current are supplied by this single accumulator 3. The voltage which it delivers is therefore likely to vary over time, depending on the load at its terminals, between 0.6 times and 1.4 times its nominal voltage.
Les accumulateurs 3 généralement utilisés à l'heure actuelle dans les trains, présentent des tensions nominales de 24 volts, 36 volts, 48 volts, 96 volts et 110 volts.The accumulators 3 generally used at present in trains, have nominal voltages of 24 volts, 36 volts, 48 volts, 96 volts and 110 volts.
Conformément à la figure 1, le circuit électrique de transmission comporte une boucle B alimentée par l'accumulateur 3 qui comprend, disposés en série, un interrupteur 5, une diode 16, une inductance 6, une liaison à isolation galvanique 7 qui peut par exemple être réalisée au moyen d'un optocoupleur, et deux branches 8 et 9 en parallèles prenant naissance au niveau d'un point A disposé en sortie de la liaison à isolation galvanique 7. La diode 16 est polarisé de manière à interdire la décharge de l'inductance 6 ailleurs qu'au travers de l'optocoupleur 7.In accordance with FIG. 1, the electrical transmission circuit comprises a loop B supplied by the accumulator 3 which comprises, arranged in series, a switch 5, a diode 16, an inductor 6, a galvanically isolated connection 7 which can for example be carried out by means of an optocoupler, and two branches 8 and 9 in parallels originating at a point A arranged at the outlet of the connection to galvanic isolation 7. The diode 16 is polarized so as to prevent the discharge of inductor 6 elsewhere than through the optocoupler 7.
Pour des raisons de commodité, la convention suivante est adoptée dans la suite de la description : le sens de circulation d'un courant dans la boucle B de la borne positive vers la borne négative de l'accumulateur 3 définit une orientation positive de cette boucle B.For convenience, the following convention is adopted in the continuation of the description: the direction of current flow in loop B of the terminal positive towards the negative terminal of accumulator 3 defines a positive orientation of this loop B.
La branche 8 comporte, disposés en série, un condensateur 10 et un générateur de tension variable 1 produisant un signal carré, de demi-période t0 et d'amplitude crête à crête Vg symétrique tel que représenté sur la figure 2. La valeur de l'amplitude Vg de tension sera choisie inférieure à la tension E aux bornes de l'accumulateur 3 et sera, par exemple, de l'ordre de 15 V. wThe branch 8 comprises, arranged in series, a capacitor 10 and a variable voltage generator 1 producing a square signal, of half-period t 0 and of peak-to-peak amplitude Vg symmetrical as shown in FIG. 2. The value of the voltage amplitude Vg will be chosen to be less than the voltage E across the terminals of the accumulator 3 and will, for example, be of the order of 15 V. w
La deuxième branche 9 comporte une diode 12 et un condensateur 13 en série. Une résistance 14 est disposée entre un point P de la deuxième branche 9 localisé entre la diode 12 et le condensateur 13, et la borne positive de l'accumulateur 3. La diode 12 est polarisée de manière à interdire la décharge du condensateur 13 ailleurs que par la résistance 14.The second branch 9 comprises a diode 12 and a capacitor 13 in series. A resistor 14 is disposed between a point P of the second branch 9 located between the diode 12 and the capacitor 13, and the positive terminal of the accumulator 3. The diode 12 is polarized so as to prevent the discharge of the capacitor 13 elsewhere than by the resistance 14.
Le fonctionnement du circuit électrique va maintenant être décrit. Dans la
suite de la description nous appellerons par convention :
L'organe ou l'équipement dont on veut contrôler l'état actionne la fermeture et l'ouverture de l'interrupteur 5.The organ or equipment whose state we want to control activates the closure and the opening of the switch 5.
Lorsque l'interrupteur 5 est ouvert, la tension en amont de la diode 16 est nulle et le courant iled au travers de la led de l'optocoupleur 7 est nul, ce dernier ne délivrant alors aucun courant de sortie sur la connexion S.When the switch 5 is open, the voltage upstream of the diode 16 is zero and the current i led through the led of the optocoupler 7 is zero, the latter then delivering no output current on the connection S.
Lorsque l'interrupteur 5 est actionné de sa position ouverte vers sa position fermée, débute alors deux phases distinctes en fonction de la tension de sortie du générateur de tension 1. On suppose le circuit électrique en régime stabilisé.When the switch 5 is actuated from its open position to its position closed, then begins two distinct phases depending on the output voltage of the voltage generator 1. Suppose the electrical circuit in steady state.
Dans une première phase, la tension aux bornes du générateur 1 passe de - Vg / 2 à + Vg / 2 au temps t=0. L'inductance 6 de valeur L est alors soumise à la tension délivrée par l'accumulateur 3 au travers de la diode 16 et la diode 12 passe immédiatement à l'état conducteur, la tension VA au point A devenant égale à la tension VP au point P, soit en considérant la tension dans la deuxième branche 9 et en négligeant la tension aux bornes de la résistance 14 : VA=VP ≈ E+Vd. In a first phase, the voltage across generator 1 goes from - Vg / 2 to + Vg / 2 at time t = 0. The inductance 6 of value L is then subjected to the voltage delivered by the accumulator 3 through the diode 16 and the diode 12 immediately goes to the conducting state, the voltage V A at the point A becoming equal to the voltage V P at point P, either by considering the voltage in the second branch 9 and neglecting the voltage across the resistor 14: V A = V P ≈ E + Vd.
La diode 12 étant passante, la variation de charge du condensateur 10 de la
première branche 8 est transférée instantanément à travers la diode 12 dans le
condensateur 13 de la deuxième branche 9 en suivant la relation :
La variation de charge de l'inductance 6 de la première branche est également transférée immédiatement à travers la diode 12 dans le condensateur 13 moyennant une légère augmentation de la tension à ses bornes (car C13>>C10) et les charges sont ensuite dissipées dans la résistance 14.The charge variation of the inductance 6 of the first branch is also immediately transferred through the diode 12 into the capacitor 13 with a slight increase in the voltage across its terminals (because C 13 >> C 10 ) and the charges are then dissipated in the resistance 14.
Durant cette première phase, la variation de courant dans l'inductance 6 peut
être calculée à partir de la relation UL= L * di/dt avec la tension aux bornes de
l'inductance 6 qui est égale à UL= E-Vc-Vd-(E+Vd+Vled), d'où :
Le courant dans l'inductance évolue donc linéairement lors de la première
phase, en suivant la relation
Dans une seconde phase, la tension aux bornes du générateur passe de + Vg / 2 à
- Vg / 2pour t = t0 et la diode 12 passe à l'état bloqué. La tension au point A passe alors
immédiatement à VA= E+Vd-Vg et varie pour atteindre la valeur VA= E-Vc-Vd-Vled pour
t=2*t0 correspondant de nouveau au début de la première phase. Durant cette phase le
courant traversant l'inductance 6 est bloqué par la diode 12 et est donc transféré
intégralement dans le condensateur 10 qui reçoit la charge :
Aux bornes du condensateur 10, ΔU(t)= iled *t / C 10avec iled est sensiblement
constant du fait que la valeur L de l'inductance 6 est grande. On en déduit donc que la
tension évolue sensiblement linéairement dans le temps.
On a donc la tension au point A qui évolue suivant la relation:
So we have the voltage at point A which evolves according to the relation:
La variation du courant iL dans l'inductance 6 au cours des première et
seconde phases est représentée de manière exagérée, afin d'être mieux visible, sur le
graphe de la figure 3.
Conformément à cette figure, le courant iL dans l'inductance 6 sans être tout à fait
constant n'évolue que sur une plage réduite. Sa valeur moyenne peut être ajustée, de
manière à obtenir le passage du courant minimal requis pour assurer le nettoyage de
l'interrupteur 5, en régulant le rapport cyclique, ici pris égal à α = t0 / 2*t0= 1 / 2 et
l'amplitude de la tension Vg produite par le générateur 1.The variation of the current i L in the inductance 6 during the first and second phases is shown in an exaggerated manner, in order to be better visible, on the graph of FIG. 3.
According to this figure, the current i L in the inductor 6 without being completely constant only evolves over a reduced range. Its average value can be adjusted, so as to obtain the passage of the minimum current required to ensure the cleaning of the switch 5, by regulating the duty cycle, here taken equal to α = t 0/2 * t 0 = 1/2 and the amplitude of the voltage Vg produced by the generator 1.
Le courant qui traverse l'inductance 6 s'écoulant également dans l'optocoupleur 7, il s'établit ainsi, lorsque l'interrupteur 5 est fermé, un courant dans l'optocoupleur 7, lequel produit en réponse un signal de sortie sur la connexion S. La position de l'optocoupleur 7 en série avec l'interrupteur 5 est avantageuse puisque le signal qu'il génère en sortie est une image sensiblement fidèle du courant qui traverse l'inducteur 5.The current flowing through the inductor 6 also flows in the optocoupler 7, it thus establishes, when the switch 5 is closed, a current in optocoupler 7, which produces in response an output signal on connection S. La position of the optocoupler 7 in series with the switch 5 is advantageous since the signal it generates as an output is a fairly faithful image of the current flowing inductor 5.
Le fonctionnement de l'invention qui vient d'être exposé réduit l'énergie dissipée par effet Joule de deux manières.The operation of the invention which has just been described reduces the energy dissipated by Joule effect in two ways.
Premièrement, le générateur de tension 1 entretient le niveau d'énergie dans le circuit, et seule la puissance qu'il libère à cet effet est consommée par effet Joule.First, the voltage generator 1 maintains the energy level in the circuit, and only the power it releases for this purpose is consumed by the Joule effect.
Deuxièmement, l'intensité du courant iL injectée dans le circuit est indépendante de la tension E délivrée par l'accumulateur 3. Ainsi, une variation de la tension E délivrée par l'accumulateur 3 n'introduit pas une variation du courant consommé par la résistance 14.Secondly, the intensity of the current i L injected into the circuit is independent of the voltage E delivered by the accumulator 3. Thus, a variation of the voltage E delivered by the accumulator 3 does not introduce a variation of the current consumed by resistance 14.
La figure 4 représente une variante de réalisation du circuit électrique de la figure 1 dans laquelle un écrêteur 11 est disposé entre un point situé entre l'interrupteur 5 et la diode 16 et la borne négative de l'accumulateur 3. Le fonctionnement du circuit électrique demeure le même, l'écrêteur 11 assurant une tenue supplémentaire aux surtensions.FIG. 4 represents an alternative embodiment of the electrical circuit of the Figure 1 in which a clipper 11 is disposed between a point between the switch 5 and the diode 16 and the negative terminal of the accumulator 3. The operation of the circuit remains the same, the clipper 11 providing additional resistance to surges.
Dans une autre variante non représentée, la liaison à isolation galvanique 7 consistera en un couplage magnétique réalisé par un transformateur dont l'enroulement primaire forme également, au moins en partie, celui de l'inductance 6, le secondaire étant, pour sa part, relié à la connexion S. Le fonctionnement du circuit électrique reste inchangé. La variation du courant iL dans l'inductance 6, lorsque l'interrupteur 5 est fermé, produit en sortie une tension et/ou un courant aux bornes du secondaire du transformateur 7 qui constituent le signal de sortie après redressement par un redresseur non représenté.In another variant not shown, the galvanically isolated connection 7 will consist of a magnetic coupling produced by a transformer whose primary winding also forms, at least in part, that of the inductor 6, the secondary being, for its part, connected to connection S. The operation of the electrical circuit remains unchanged. The variation of the current i L in the inductor 6, when the switch 5 is closed, produces at the output a voltage and / or a current at the terminals of the secondary of the transformer 7 which constitute the output signal after rectification by a rectifier not shown .
Dans une autre variante de réalisation non représentée, la liaison à isolation galvanique 7 pourra être placée en série avec la résistance 14 de charge, le fonctionnement du circuit élémentaire demeurant le même. In another alternative embodiment not shown, the insulation link galvanic 7 may be placed in series with the load resistor 14, the operation of the elementary circuit remaining the same.
L'invention ne se limite pas aux variantes de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrites. Notamment, le générateur de courant pourra fournir d'autres formes d'ondes variables telles que triangulaire ou sinusoïdal centrée ou non sur 0 volt. En effet, il a été choisi dans le mode de réalisation précédemment décrit un générateur de tension variable produisant un signal carré afin simplifier les équations et faciliter l'explication du fonctionnement du circuit électrique, toutefois dans la pratique on choisira avantageusement un générateur de tension produisant un signal triangulaire.The invention is not limited to the variant embodiments which have just been described. In particular, the current generator can provide other waveforms variables such as triangular or sinusoidal centered or not on 0 volts. Indeed, it was chosen in the embodiment described above a variable voltage generator producing a square wave to simplify the equations and facilitate the explanation of the operation of the electrical circuit, however in practice we will choose advantageously a voltage generator producing a triangular signal.
L'invention ne se limite pas à une application ferroviaire, mais concerne la transmission, dans tout domaine, d'une information tout ou rien.The invention is not limited to a railway application, but relates to the transmission, in any field, of all or nothing information.
Parmi les avantages de l'invention, on notera que la présence de l'inductance en amont de l'optocoupleur permet de lisser le courant traversant l'optocoupleur qui présente alors une faible ondulation qui est favorable à une bonne durée de vie de l'optocoupleur.Among the advantages of the invention, it will be noted that the presence of the inductance upstream of the optocoupler makes it possible to smooth the current passing through the optocoupler which then has a low ripple which is favorable for a good service life of the optocoupler.
De plus, l'inductance en entrée du circuit électrique permet également de limiter la génération de bruits électromagnétiques susceptibles d'être transmis à d'autres équipements.In addition, the inductance at the input of the electrical circuit also allows limit the generation of electromagnetic noise that can be transmitted to others equipment.
La présence de condensateurs entre la borne positive et la borne négative de l'accumulateur permet également de garantir, en cas de défaillance d'un des composants actifs du circuit électrique, qu'en aucun cas il n'y a court-circuit aux bornes de l'accumulateur.The presence of capacitors between the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the accumulator also makes it possible to guarantee, in the event of failure of one of the components active in the electrical circuit, that in no case is there a short circuit across the the accumulator.
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0015221 | 2000-11-24 | ||
| FR0015221A FR2817380B1 (en) | 2000-11-24 | 2000-11-24 | ELECTRIC CIRCUIT FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF STATE INFORMATION, IN PARTICULAR OF AN ORGAN OF ROLLING RAIL MATERIAL, AND ELECTRIC SYSTEM INCORPORATING SUCH A CIRCUIT |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1209709A1 true EP1209709A1 (en) | 2002-05-29 |
| EP1209709B1 EP1209709B1 (en) | 2007-01-31 |
Family
ID=8856857
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20010402860 Expired - Lifetime EP1209709B1 (en) | 2000-11-24 | 2001-11-07 | Electrical circuit for transmitting the status information, particularly for railway material, and system incorporating such a circuit |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6646362B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1209709B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3809094B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE353161T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2363200C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60126393T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1209709T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2283384T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2817380B1 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1048700A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104813427A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2015-07-29 | 宗拓贝尔照明器材有限公司 | System for monitoring the operation of a current loop |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7187158B2 (en) * | 2004-04-15 | 2007-03-06 | Rosemount, Inc. | Process device with switching power supply |
| WO2006052825A2 (en) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-05-18 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Power tools, battery chargers and batteries |
| US7492125B2 (en) * | 2004-11-04 | 2009-02-17 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Power tools, battery chargers and batteries |
| US7970063B2 (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2011-06-28 | Rosemount Inc. | Variable liftoff voltage process field device |
| US8786128B2 (en) | 2010-05-11 | 2014-07-22 | Rosemount Inc. | Two-wire industrial process field device with power scavenging |
| WO2016162499A1 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-10-13 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | Medical preparation container comprising microwave powered sensor assembly |
| DE102018101517A1 (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-07-25 | Ebm-Papst Mulfingen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kontaktschutzbestromung |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4220778A1 (en) * | 1992-06-25 | 1994-01-05 | Licentia Gmbh | Auxiliary switch condition contactless monitoring circuit - has AC source for de-oxidation of contact and condition registration via potential divider opto-coupled to digital signal output unit |
| DE4413467C1 (en) * | 1994-04-19 | 1995-09-28 | Siemens Ag | Method for low-energy polling of binary states over long lines |
| DE19513615A1 (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1995-10-12 | Morita Mfg | Contact detector, load driver and dental spray with built-in illumination |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2674063B1 (en) * | 1991-03-12 | 1993-07-09 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | CIRCUIT FOR DETECTING THE STATE OF A SWITCH, PARTICULARLY A KEY IN A GENERATOR VOLTAGE REGULATOR. |
| JP3457126B2 (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 2003-10-14 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Control device for vehicle alternator |
| FR2807194B1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2002-05-31 | Alstom | ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF STATE INFORMATION, IN PARTICULAR OF A ROLLING RAILWAY EQUIPMENT, AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM INCORPORATING SUCH A CIRCUIT |
| US6404163B1 (en) * | 2001-06-25 | 2002-06-11 | General Motors Corporation | Method and system for regulating a charge voltage delivered to a battery |
-
2000
- 2000-11-24 FR FR0015221A patent/FR2817380B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-11-07 AT AT01402860T patent/ATE353161T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-11-07 DE DE2001626393 patent/DE60126393T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-07 DK DK01402860T patent/DK1209709T3/en active
- 2001-11-07 EP EP20010402860 patent/EP1209709B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-07 ES ES01402860T patent/ES2283384T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-15 US US09/987,651 patent/US6646362B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-21 CA CA 2363200 patent/CA2363200C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-21 JP JP2001355679A patent/JP3809094B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-11-29 HK HK02108730A patent/HK1048700A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4220778A1 (en) * | 1992-06-25 | 1994-01-05 | Licentia Gmbh | Auxiliary switch condition contactless monitoring circuit - has AC source for de-oxidation of contact and condition registration via potential divider opto-coupled to digital signal output unit |
| DE19513615A1 (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1995-10-12 | Morita Mfg | Contact detector, load driver and dental spray with built-in illumination |
| DE4413467C1 (en) * | 1994-04-19 | 1995-09-28 | Siemens Ag | Method for low-energy polling of binary states over long lines |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104813427A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2015-07-29 | 宗拓贝尔照明器材有限公司 | System for monitoring the operation of a current loop |
| CN104813427B (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2017-08-04 | 宗拓贝尔照明器材有限公司 | System for the operation in monitor current loop |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2817380B1 (en) | 2003-01-03 |
| ATE353161T1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
| DK1209709T3 (en) | 2007-06-04 |
| EP1209709B1 (en) | 2007-01-31 |
| US6646362B2 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
| FR2817380A1 (en) | 2002-05-31 |
| CA2363200A1 (en) | 2002-05-24 |
| JP3809094B2 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
| CA2363200C (en) | 2008-09-16 |
| DE60126393D1 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
| JP2002246888A (en) | 2002-08-30 |
| ES2283384T3 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
| US20020094703A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
| HK1048700A1 (en) | 2003-04-11 |
| DE60126393T2 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3105845B1 (en) | Dc voltage supply system configured to precharge a smoothing capacitor before supplying a load | |
| EP0589785A1 (en) | Controlled elektrical power switch and switching method for an electrical power circuit | |
| EP2567443A2 (en) | Balancing system for power battery and corresponding load balancing method | |
| FR2724502A1 (en) | APPARATUS FOR EQUALIZING THE BATTERY CHARGE CONNECTED IN SERIES | |
| EP0190209A1 (en) | Device for the control of an electromagnet coil and electric switching apparatus provided with such a device | |
| FR2819951A1 (en) | ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION DEVICE, INSTALLATION COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE, AND ELECTRICAL PROTECTION METHOD | |
| EP1209709B1 (en) | Electrical circuit for transmitting the status information, particularly for railway material, and system incorporating such a circuit | |
| EP0183597A1 (en) | Protection circuit against electric power supply cut-off | |
| EP1825557B1 (en) | Method for controlling a rechargeable battery and rechargeable battery for carrying out said method | |
| EP1139361B1 (en) | Electrical circuit for the transmitting the status information, particularly for railway material, and system incorporating such a circuit | |
| FR2957205A1 (en) | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SUPPLYING WITHOUT INTERRUPTION TO AN ALTERNATING CURRENT OF AN INSTALLATION | |
| FR2581818A1 (en) | REGULATION CURRENT POWER SUPPLY FOR VIDEO VISUALIZATION DEVICE | |
| EP1142095B1 (en) | Power transfer unit by electrical energy transformer | |
| EP0970556B1 (en) | Low cost power supply device to a plurality of electronic modules installed in a compartment | |
| FR2735295A1 (en) | ELECTRICAL SUPPLY FOR APPARATUS HAVING AN OPERATING MODE AND A HOLD MODE | |
| EP0654885A1 (en) | Power supply device for the drive circuit of a power switching component | |
| FR2807193A1 (en) | Electric circuit for transmission of binary state information from a rail vehicle, uses energy storage devices to deliver current indicating state of mechanical contact | |
| FR2489628A1 (en) | POWER CONTROL DEVICE IN SOLID STATE TECHNIQUE | |
| EP0562959B1 (en) | Information input module with electrical contacts for command- and control-installations | |
| WO2001020414A1 (en) | Logic input circuit with energy transfer and adaptable in input voltage | |
| FR2481530A1 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ELECTRIC PULSES FOR PUMPING A LASER | |
| FR2577706A1 (en) | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR A CENTRALIZED REMOTE RECEIVER | |
| EP1177613A1 (en) | Telephone-line based power supply system | |
| EP4298707A1 (en) | Device for the concomitant storage and generation of at least one voltage, and associated management method | |
| FR2706071A1 (en) | Device for controlling the operation of a contactor. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20021129 |
|
| AKX | Designation fees paid |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: ALSTOM |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20070131 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 60126393 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20070322 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20070502 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20070702 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FD4D |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2283384 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: GR Ref document number: 1048700 Country of ref document: HK |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20071101 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20070501 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20071130 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20080930 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20071130 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20070131 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20070131 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20091113 Year of fee payment: 9 Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20091124 Year of fee payment: 9 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20091120 Year of fee payment: 9 Ref country code: DK Payment date: 20091112 Year of fee payment: 9 Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20091123 Year of fee payment: 9 Ref country code: FI Payment date: 20091113 Year of fee payment: 9 Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20091120 Year of fee payment: 9 Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20091112 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20091112 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20091119 Year of fee payment: 9 Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20091121 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20091224 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: ALSTOM Effective date: 20101130 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: V1 Effective date: 20110601 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: EUG |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: EBP |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20101107 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101130 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101130 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101130 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110601 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101107 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101107 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 60126393 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20110601 Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 60126393 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20110531 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101108 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101130 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101107 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101107 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20120110 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101108 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20101107 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110531 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 60126393 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: DR. RALF KOTITSCHKE, DE Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 60126393 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: KOTITSCHKE & HEURUNG PARTNERSCHAFT, DE Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 60126393 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: KOTITSCHKE & HEURUNG PARTNERSCHAFT MBB PATENT-, DE |