EP1198736A1 - Procede de configuration d'un noeud - Google Patents
Procede de configuration d'un noeudInfo
- Publication number
- EP1198736A1 EP1198736A1 EP00947953A EP00947953A EP1198736A1 EP 1198736 A1 EP1198736 A1 EP 1198736A1 EP 00947953 A EP00947953 A EP 00947953A EP 00947953 A EP00947953 A EP 00947953A EP 1198736 A1 EP1198736 A1 EP 1198736A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bus
- bus subscriber
- address
- subscriber
- physical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L12/40006—Architecture of a communication node
- H04L12/40019—Details regarding a bus master
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/50—Address allocation
- H04L61/5038—Address allocation for local use, e.g. in LAN or USB networks, or in a controller area network [CAN]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L12/40169—Flexible bus arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/09—Mapping addresses
- H04L61/10—Mapping addresses of different types
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L2012/40208—Bus networks characterized by the use of a particular bus standard
- H04L2012/40221—Profibus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2101/00—Indexing scheme associated with group H04L61/00
- H04L2101/60—Types of network addresses
- H04L2101/604—Address structures or formats
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2101/00—Indexing scheme associated with group H04L61/00
- H04L2101/60—Types of network addresses
- H04L2101/618—Details of network addresses
- H04L2101/622—Layer-2 addresses, e.g. medium access control [MAC] addresses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S370/00—Multiplex communications
- Y10S370/908—Local area network
- Y10S370/909—Token ring
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for configuring a bus subscriber connected to a fieldbus, in which a logical address is assigned to the bus subscriber.
- the invention also relates to a bus subscriber for connection to a field bus, with means for receiving and evaluating a bus telegram and with a memory for storing a logical address assigned to the bus subscriber.
- a method of the aforementioned type and a corresponding bus subscriber are known due to their use in fieldbuses used in practice.
- a fieldbus is a communication system that is used in particular in industrial automation technology to connect spatially distributed sensors and actuators with higher-level controls and computers. It is characteristic of a fieldbus that the individual units connected to the fieldbus are connected to one another via a bus line, which at least in principle allows any units to communicate with one another via the fieldbus without being individually wired to one another.
- the units connected to the fieldbus are generally referred to below as bus participants.
- each bus subscriber is assigned an individual address.
- the sending bus participant supplements the data telegram with the message to be transmitted in accordance with the selected protocol with the address of the receiving bus participant.
- the data telegram provided with the address is then sent via the bus and the receiving bus subscriber can recognize from the address assigned to him that the message is intended for him.
- Every bus participant must know the address assigned to it.
- the assignment of the address to the bus subscribers is usually carried out with the aid of coding switches which each bus subscriber must have and on which the address assigned to the bus subscriber is set.
- An example of a fieldbus with a message-oriented transmission method is the so-called CAN bus.
- bus master In contrast to this, with an I / O-oriented transmission method, it is not necessary per se to assign an individual address to the individual bus users.
- the communication between the bus participants takes place here rather that only a superordinate bus participant, the so-called bus master, is able to initiate data traffic.
- the structure of the bus, in particular the sequence of the bus subscribers connected to the bus, is exactly known to the bus master.
- the bus master sends a precisely specified data frame that has as many data fields as there are bus users connected to the fieldbus. The data fields of the data frame are passed on from one bus participant to the next and ultimately back to the bus master.
- the bus master As soon as the bus master recognizes that the start word of the data frame initiated by it has once completely circulated in the ring structure of the bus subscribers, it generates a signal which assigns all the bus subscribers the message which is present at the time of the signal.
- the distribution of the data to be sent to the individual bus subscribers takes place solely in that the bus master suitably "fills" the data fields of the data frame initiated by it on the basis of the bus structure known to it.
- An example of a The so-called Interbus is a fieldbus with such a transmission method.
- coding switches for assigning logical addresses has disadvantages.
- a disadvantage is that coding switches generally require mechanically adjustable elements in some form.
- mechanical components are comparatively complex to manufacture and therefore expensive in mass production compared to purely electronic components.
- mechanical components are fundamentally subject to wear, which prevents the use of the simplest components, especially in safety-critical applications.
- Another disadvantage of using coding switches is that they must be arranged in the area of the individual bus subscriber. In complex process controls in the industrial sector, however, the individual bus users connected to the fieldbus can be separated by up to several hundred meters. Since the use of coding switches in this case assigns the logical address at the location of the bus subscriber, long routes may be required, which make the setup and configuration complex and cumbersome. After all, with decentralized configuration measures in such expanses, it is easily possible to lose track of what, in particular when exchanging a defective bus device can lead to errors in the address assignment.
- the logical address is transmitted to the bus subscriber as a data value. This can be done via a communication connection specially connected to the bus device for this purpose. However, as will be explained in more detail below, it is also possible to send the bus subscriber the logical address as a data value via the fieldbus itself. In any case, however, this eliminates the need to use mechanically adjustable coding switches. Rather, the logical address can be defined in a simple and known manner using software in the address assignment unit. In the simplest case, the address assignment unit contains a commercially available computer with which the bus subscriber can be accessed using suitable software.
- the address assignment unit in the sense of the present invention can also include an adapter unit with which the logical address defined by the computer is converted into a data word which can be transmitted via the fieldbus.
- the CMD tool is connected to the bus master, for example, via a V.24 interface, so that in this case the address assignment unit also contains the bus master and possibly a control unit connected to it, in addition to the computer mentioned.
- the bus master is not necessarily included in the address allocation unit.
- the transmitted logical address can be stored, for example, in a so-called EEPROM, which is to be understood as an electronically writable permanent memory.
- EEPROM electrically writable permanent memory
- the measures mentioned have the advantage that the use of mechanical coding switches can be dispensed with. This eliminates the associated disadvantages described above.
- the bus subscriber according to the invention can therefore be manufactured more cost-effectively without accepting losses in terms of error security.
- the logical and the physical address are transmitted to the bus subscriber via the fieldbus.
- This measure has the advantage that the configuration of the bus subscriber can be carried out from a central location, even if the corresponding bus subscriber is located spatially far from the central location, which is often the case, in particular, with field buses in the industrial sector.
- the configuration of the bus subscriber is therefore made considerably easier on the basis of the measure mentioned.
- no additional wiring of the bus subscriber is required to carry out the method according to the invention.
- This also helps to simplify the configuration.
- the transfer of the two addresses mentioned via the fieldbus can basically take place in the context of a special configuration mode both in message-oriented and in I / O-oriented bus systems. However, it is particularly easy to implement in the latter bus systems, since these do not require any addresses that have already been defined for the transmission of data.
- the measure mentioned is particularly advantageous for buses with I / O-oriented transmission methods.
- the logical address and the physical address are transmitted to the bus subscriber in a common data telegram.
- This measure has the advantage that, due to the approximately simultaneous transmission, the error security is increased again.
- a falsified logical address is transmitted to the bus subscriber in combination with a correct physical address, without the bus subscriber being able to determine this.
- this prevents changes in the bus system from being made between the transmission of the logical address and the transmission of the physical address, which in turn can result in incorrect assignment of addresses.
- the bus subscriber currently determines its actual physical position in relation to the fieldbus by means of a position determination unit.
- a corresponding bus subscriber is characterized in that the said means include a position determination unit for determining an actual physical position of the bus subscriber in relation to the fieldbus.
- This measure has the advantage that a current determination of the physical position of the bus subscriber further improves the reliability when assigning an address.
- a current determination by means of a position determination unit ensures that even unwanted changes in the structure of the fieldbus are determined, so that errors in the assignment of the addresses are recognized without a doubt.
- the fieldbus has a circulating telegram traffic and the bus participant determines its actual physical position by counting cyclical events of the circulating telegram traffic.
- the position determination unit of the bus subscriber in this embodiment contains a counter for counting cyclical events of the circulating telegram traffic.
- the measure mentioned has the advantage that the determination of the actual physical position is very simple and nevertheless reliably possible in this way.
- the reason for this is that in the case of circulating telegram traffic, the individual data packets are passed on in sequence from one bus subscriber to the next.
- the result of this is that in this case the waiting time that elapses before a bus subscriber receives the start word of the telegram traffic corresponds to its position in the order of the bus subscribers.
- the waiting time can be determined technically very simply by counting the cyclical events. In particular, clock pulses with which the data traffic on the fieldbus is synchronized can be considered as cyclical events.
- the fieldbus is an Interbus and the bus subscriber counts cyclical events during a so-called ID cycle of the interbus until a start word of the circulating telegram traffic reaches it.
- This measure has the advantage that the so-called ID cycle is precisely defined for an Interbus and can also be initiated by any bus subscriber at any time with an error message.
- the measure mentioned is therefore particularly advantageous with an Interbus, since the determination of the actual position of the bus subscriber, with the exception of a counter in the bus subscriber, no complex hardware or software measures are required.
- the measure mentioned is completely within the scope of the specifications approved for the Interbus, so that even selected bus participants can be assigned an address based on the invention without disturbing the flow of the entire bus traffic and without interfering with the basic specifications of the Interbus ,
- the bus subscriber uses an ID cycle to determine the position, which is initiated by another bus subscriber, in particular a bus master.
- This measure has the advantage that the bus subscriber can determine his actual physical position without influencing the events on the Interbus himself. The verification can therefore be carried out without influencing the other participants connected to the bus. It is particularly advantageous if the bus subscriber determines his position during each ID cycle that occurs, since changes on the bus can be quickly noticed in this way. By default, an ID cycle takes place at least after the bus has been commissioned.
- the bus subscriber uses an ID cycle for position determination, which he triggers himself after receiving the physical address.
- This measure has the advantage that the bus subscriber receives the physical address immediately after receipt can verify, whereby errors due to an interim change in the bus structure are avoided.
- the measure mentioned thus has the advantage that the reliability is further improved.
- the physical address is selected as the logical address.
- This measure has the advantage that only a single data value has to be transmitted to carry out the method according to the invention, which the bus subscriber can verify on the basis of its actual physical position and which he can then use as a logical address.
- the data width of the bus subscriber can accordingly be chosen to be small.
- the logical address is selected independently of the physical address.
- This measure has the advantage that the logical address can be selected according to freely definable criteria, so that overall a much larger range of variation is available. Furthermore, due to the measure mentioned, there is no need to reassign addresses within the fieldbus system when new bus subscribers are connected to or disconnected from the fieldbus.
- the invention is not limited to use with I / O-oriented field buses, but can be used with all bus users to whom an address is to be assigned.
- FIG. 1 shows a fieldbus system in which the inventive method for configuring a bus subscriber is carried out
- Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a bus subscriber according to the invention using the example of the interbus.
- a field bus with bus subscribers connected to it is designated in its entirety by reference number 10.
- the fieldbus 10 is an Interbus here.
- a control unit 12 with a bus master module 14 and three bus subscribers 16, 18 and 19 are connected to the Interbus 10 by way of example.
- the control unit 12 also includes means, not shown here, with which it can monitor and control processes.
- the control unit 12 receives data from the bus subscribers 16, 18, 19, which in turn are connected to sensors and actuators, not shown here.
- the bus master module 14 can also be connected to the Interbus 10 separately from the fail-safe control unit 12.
- the bus master module 14 is a so-called USC / 4, which has been widely used in the field of Interbus applications.
- the bus master module 14 is connected in a ring shape to the bus users 16, 18, 19 via an incoming data line 20 and a returning data line 22.
- the data on the data lines 22, 22 are each passed on from one bus subscriber to the next.
- control unit 12 also serves, among other things, to control safety-critical processes, such as, for example, monitoring an emergency stop switch.
- a monitoring signal from the emergency stop switch (not shown here) is accordingly fed to the bus subscriber 18.
- safety-related devices 24, 26 are known for monitoring and controlling safety-critical processes and include, for example, diverse, redundant systems which check one another when processing data.
- the reference number 28 denotes a commercially available personal computer which is connected to the control unit 12 via a data line 30.
- the connection is implemented here via a standard V.24 interface.
- a data telegram 32 is generated via a known Interbus management software (for example, CMD tool from Phoenix), the content of which essentially includes the instruction in executing the method according to the invention to give the bus subscriber the physical address "2" the logical address " xy ".
- the physical address "2" corresponds to the position of the addressed bus subscriber within the ring structure of the interbus 10. In the present case, this is the bus subscriber 18, which results when the units connected to the Interbus 10 are started from zero in the control unit 12 by one.
- the reference number 34 denotes a data telegram which is transmitted from the bus master module 14 in the direction of the arrow 36 to the bus subscriber 16 via the data line 20.
- the data telegram 34 is part of a data frame generated by the bus master module 14, which contains all the data telegrams circulating in the Interbus 10 at a time.
- Reference numeral 38 denotes a further data telegram, which is transmitted in the direction of arrow 40 from bus subscriber 16 to bus subscriber 18.
- the data telegram 38 transports a physical address 42 and a logical address 44 which, according to the method according to the invention, are transmitted from the computer 28 to the bus subscriber 18 via the security-related device 24.
- the data frame revolving in the Interbus 10 further contains data telegrams 46, which are transmitted circumferentially in the direction of the arrows 40, 48 in the Interbus 10.
- Another data telegram belonging to the named data frame is designated by the reference number 50.
- the data telegram 50 contains a start word for the Interbus, which is usually referred to as "Loop Back Word" (LBW).
- LLBW Loop Back Word
- the data telegram 50 is transmitted in the direction of arrow 52 from the bus subscriber 16 back to the bus master module 14.
- the bus master module 14 generates a signal as soon as it receives the data telegram 50 it originally generated with the start word. For him, this is the sign that the entire data frame has once completely circulated in the Interbus 10.
- the bus subscribers 16, 18, 19 connected to the Interbus 10 recognize that the data telegram last received is intended for them. In this case, the bus subscriber 18 thus receives the message with the physical address 42 and the logical address 44.
- the bus subscriber 18 is shown schematically with its components essential to the invention.
- the bus subscriber 18 has a protocol chip 60 which is known per se and which realizes the actual connection to the Interbus 10.
- the protocol chip 60 is a standard module that is well known for the implementation of Interbus applications. It largely independently implements the protocol required for data communication in accordance with the specifications for the Interbus and is therefore connected to the data lines 20, 22 in a manner known per se.
- the protocol chip 60 essentially has a shift register through which the individual data telegrams are pushed until the bus master module 14 receives the data telegram 50 with the start word back. The one in this Data contained in the shift register at the moment are provided for the bus subscriber 18 due to the structure of the interbus 10.
- Reference number 62 denotes a position determination unit, with the aid of which the bus subscriber 18 can determine its actual physical position in relation to the Interbus 10.
- the position determination unit 62 has a counter 64, which is controlled via a logic unit 66.
- the logic unit 66 receives clock pulses 68 which are generated by the protocol chip 60 as standard and which are used to synchronize the data traffic in the Interbus 10.
- the logic unit 66 receives the signals at the output ToExRl of the protocol chip 60 in order to be able to recognize when the data message 50 with the start word LBW has arrived in the protocol chip 60.
- the reference numerals 70, 72 and 74 designate memories in which the currently determined physical position of the bus subscriber 18, the received logical address 44 and the received physical address 42 can be stored.
- reference number 76 denotes a comparison unit with which the bus subscriber 18 can compare the received physical address 42 with the currently determined position from the memory 70.
- the received logical address 44 is only permanently stored in the memory 72 when the physical address 42 in the memory 74 and the currently determined position of the bus subscriber 18 from the memory 70 match.
- the logical address 44 for the bus subscriber 18 is selected in the computer 28 with the aid of the management software.
- the physical address 42 of the bus subscriber 18 can also be selected as the logical address 44. In the present exemplary embodiment, however, the logical address 44 is selected independently of the physical address 42, which is indicated in FIG. 1 by the letter combination "xy".
- the assignment of the logical address "xy" for the bus subscriber 18 is then transmitted to the control unit 12 via the data line 30.
- the bus master module 14 embeds the logical address 44 and the physical address 42 in the data telegram 38 and initiates the circulating data traffic of the interbus 10. In this way, the two addresses 42, 44 are transmitted to the bus subscriber 18. The latter then verifies the physical address 42 in accordance with the following method and possibly stores the logical address 44 as the address assigned to it.
- the bus subscriber 18 In order to determine its actual physical position, the bus subscriber 18 here enforces a so-called ID cycle after receiving the data telegram 38, which triggers a precisely defined sequence.
- the bus master module 14 In this sequence, the bus master module 14 generates a data frame in which a data telegram with a width of 16 bits is provided for each known bus subscriber 16, 18, 19.
- the data frame begins, as usual, with the start word LBW.
- the start word LBW is passed on from one bus subscriber 16, 18, 19 to the next.
- the number of clock pulses 68 that elapse before the time at which the bus subscriber 18 receives the start word LBW is a measure of how many bus subscribers 16 are connected to the Interbus 10 between the bus master module 14 and the bus subscriber 18.
- the logic unit 66 in the bus subscriber 18 counts only those clock pulses 68 which are required for the transmission of the 16-bit data telegrams.
- a division by 16 is thus sufficient to currently determine the position of the bus subscriber 18 in relation to the Interbus 10. This position is then stored in the memory 70 and compared with the received physical address 42 in the memory 74.
- the bus subscriber 18 can also use any other ID cycle that is triggered in the Interbus to determine its actual position.
- the bus master module 14 in particular initiates an ID cycle after the interbus 10 has been started up. ID cycles are also carried out when another bus subscriber 16, 19 reports an error.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
- Control By Computers (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un procédé de configuration d'un noeud (16, 18, 19) raccordé à un bus de terrain (10), selon lequel une adresse logique (44) est affectée au noeud (18). Selon l'invention, ledit procédé comporte les étapes suivantes : transmission de l'adresse logique (44) d'une unité d'affectation d'adresses (28) au noeud (18) ; transmission d'une adresse physique (42) de l'unité d'affectation d'adresses (28) au noeud (18), l'adresse physique (42) correspondant à une position physique supposée dudit noeud (18) par rapport au bus de terrain (10) ; vérification de l'adresse physique (42) transmise au noeud (18), sur la base d'une position physique réelle du noeud (18) par rapport au bus de terrain (10) ; et enregistrement de l'adresse logique transmise (44) dans une mémoire du noeud (18) en fonction de la vérification de l'adresse physique (42). L'invention concerne également un noeud (18) auquel de procédé selon l'invention peut être appliqué.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19934514 | 1999-07-22 | ||
DE19934514A DE19934514C5 (de) | 1999-07-22 | 1999-07-22 | Verfahren zum Konfigurieren eines an einen Feldbus angeschlossenen Busteilnehmers |
PCT/EP2000/006485 WO2001007974A1 (fr) | 1999-07-22 | 2000-07-07 | Procede de configuration d'un noeud |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1198736A1 true EP1198736A1 (fr) | 2002-04-24 |
Family
ID=7915756
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00947953A Withdrawn EP1198736A1 (fr) | 1999-07-22 | 2000-07-07 | Procede de configuration d'un noeud |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6754721B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1198736A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4542733B2 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU6156800A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE19934514C5 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001007974A1 (fr) |
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DE10224311B4 (de) * | 2002-05-31 | 2004-07-08 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur seriellen Datenübertragung |
EP1388769A1 (fr) * | 2002-08-05 | 2004-02-11 | Peter Renner | Système pour automatiser, surveiller, commander et pour la détection de valeurs de mesure pour des procédés techniques |
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DE102004021089A1 (de) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-11-24 | Bosch Rexroth Ag | Einrichtung zur Adressvergabe in einem normierten Feldbus-System |
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CN109889622B (zh) * | 2019-02-25 | 2022-05-13 | 武汉晟联智融微电子科技有限公司 | 集中式逻辑地址分配方法 |
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DE102022116955A1 (de) * | 2022-07-07 | 2024-01-18 | WAGO Verwaltungsgesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Adressüberprüfung durch optische darstellung der adresse in kodierter form |
CN117149683B (zh) * | 2023-10-27 | 2024-02-06 | 南京德克威尔自动化有限公司 | 一种用于工业现场的适配器 |
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JPS62166634A (ja) * | 1986-01-17 | 1987-07-23 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 双方向catvシステムにおける端末装置アドレス設定方式 |
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1999
- 1999-07-22 DE DE19934514A patent/DE19934514C5/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2000
- 2000-07-07 JP JP2001513005A patent/JP4542733B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-07-07 EP EP00947953A patent/EP1198736A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-07-07 AU AU61568/00A patent/AU6156800A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-07-07 WO PCT/EP2000/006485 patent/WO2001007974A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2002-01-17 US US10/031,909 patent/US6754721B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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See references of WO0107974A1 * |
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JP4542733B2 (ja) | 2010-09-15 |
DE19934514C1 (de) | 2001-02-08 |
DE19934514C5 (de) | 2013-03-14 |
AU6156800A (en) | 2001-02-13 |
WO2001007974A1 (fr) | 2001-02-01 |
US6754721B2 (en) | 2004-06-22 |
JP2003505984A (ja) | 2003-02-12 |
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