EP1197715A2 - Building module - Google Patents

Abstract

The cell structure, to form an enclosed cool zone, has walls (W) fitted with a thermal insulation (6) of at least two shaped sections (3) of a non-combustible material, stacked over each other between the wall facing plates (4,5) over the cell height. Locking profiles (8) are screwed in place at the end surfaces (9) of their butting edges. The gaps (10) between the butting edges are filled with a loose material (11). The insulation sections are of perlite particles together with CO2 gas.

Description

The invention relates to so-called room cells consisting of arranged between a base plate and a cover plate, prefabricated wall components that form the walls of the cell which consist of cover plates, between which there is thermal insulation is arranged.

Room cells of the type mentioned at the outset are well known and in use, in particular as so-called cold storage and freshness holding cells, so that no special printed evidence is required per se in this regard. Please refer to DE-U-92 10 323.5. For the sake of completeness, however, it should be pointed out that such room cells can also be used to an increasing extent, for example, as so-called test cells in laboratories, as so-called mobile radio cells and as directional radio cells and weather stations to be set up outdoors in any case.
The material used for the thermal insulation of the wall components is usually PU foam, which allows the end or Butt surfaces of such wall components with a correspondingly expensive design of the foaming molds to be tongue and groove and also to include turnbuckles in the PU foam when foaming, which are necessary in order to firmly clamp the wall components erected in the cell structure to one another. Such wall components, which are otherwise dimensioned and generally with a length corresponding to the cell height, are relatively expensive because of this design, which requires a high degree of dimensional accuracy, as said, and generally require the installation of suitable joint seals for their creation on site the resulting butt joints of wall components.

In the meantime, the demand for such spatial cells has also grown to make non-flammable, which requirement with thermal insulation made of PU foam, since it is flammable, not enough. There Incombustibility of such cells or wall components, so they because required for special uses of such cells the use of mineral-based insulation material demands that this should also be easy for the present case must, but this is a sufficiently firm and durable The inclusion of turnbuckles does not allow this usual construction of the wall components for the creation such space cells are not adopted with the proviso that previous insulation made of PU foam simply by incombustible Mineral-based material to be replaced, if at the same time the thermal insulation corresponds at least approximately to that of PU foam should.

The invention is therefore based on spatial cells at the beginning mentioned type, the task underlying this while maintaining rational production and reasonable assembly and to redesign and improve costs that the thermal insulation material of the prefabricated wall components due to the dimensional stability of the Entire cell no longer directly involved and the necessary Connection of the wall components to each other designed in this way is that this applies to both thermal insulation material made of PU foam, flammable material, as well as non-flammable material on a mineral basis (e.g. pearlite) is applicable.

This task is with a room cell of the type mentioned Kind according to the invention solved in that the walls of the cell each of at least two vertically up to the height of the cell plug-in wall components are formed that the vertical faces of the wall components with cells inside and outside of the cell, with the edges of the base plate and limit connecting spaces connected to the cover plate, that the connecting profiles with the cover plates of the Wall components are screwed and that the cavities with a bed of thermal insulation material is filled.

In this training according to the invention are thus at creation or installation of the room cell specifically vertically oriented, created more or less small voids in cross-section, record the possible fitting tolerances of the wall components are able to. Reflected in the manufacturing costs, special end formings (groove and Spring training) of a conventional type for the purpose of thermal insulation connection that is as precise as possible is eliminated, i.e. this can be used now even dispensed with cost-saving PU foam become. In addition, the inclusion of a plurality of Turnbuckles in every wall component and also the previous ones usual, additional joint sealing after compiling the Space cell from the wall components. Because the respective insulation not on the special connection type of the wall components is more directly involved, regardless of whether in cell corners or in the course of a flat hiking stretch, also arise no difficulties with the formation and arrangement of non-flammable Insulation material between the cover plates of the wall construction elements. The correct assignment of the wall components to each other is therefore in the whole of the correspondingly dimensionally accurate drilling connection profiles.

Advantageous further developments and embodiments result according to the dependent claims, their characteristics in detail explained in more detail in the context of the special description become.

The requirements according to the invention are met with the design according to the invention, since on the one hand the wall elements can be equipped with combustible (PU foam) as well as incombustible thermal insulation, and the butt or connection areas of the wall elements, on the other hand, despite the fact that the wall elements Till now tongue and groove designs and turnbuckles providing a form-fitting seal also represent a tight connection connection which is sufficient to demand cell stability.
As for the precise positioning of the wall elements already mentioned, it should be pointed out that such room cells are created, for example, as so-called test cells in dimensions of 5 to 6 m in height, 20 m in length and 10 m in width, which means that tolerances and others Dimensional inaccuracies at such lengths can add up considerably. Since there is no longer any form fit between the insulation material of the wall components and this is kept at a distance and the distance is bridged or filled by pouring insulation material, the dimensional accuracy and exact positionability of the wall components is guaranteed solely by the cover plates and connecting profiles.
In order to enable such a largely accurate positioning of the wall elements, which are stacked horizontally, also advantageously in height, the wall components are advantageously perforated at their four corner areas and internally in the holes with tight nuts, such as press nuts, and the connecting profiles also in height Provide an appropriate spacing with through holes for screws that can be fixed in the nuts.

Fig.1

perspektivisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Raumzelle in auseinandergezogener Darstellung;

Fig.2

den Grundriß der Zelle gemäß Fig.1;

Fig.3

einen Horizontalteilschnitt durch einen Eckbereich der Zelle;

Fig.4

einen Vertikalteilschnitt durch die Raumzelle;

Fig.5

perspektivisch und etwas vergrößert den oberen Bereich der Raumzelle;

Fig.6

schematisch den Verbohrungsraster an den Wandbauelementen und den Verbindungsprofilen;

Fig.7

im Schnitt vergrößert den vertikalen Verbindungsbereich zwischen zwei Wandabschnitten;

Fig.8

einen Horizontalschnitt durch ein Wandbauelement in bevorzugter Ausführungsform;

Fig.9

einen Schnitt durch eine von Wand und Deckplatte gebildete Raumecke;

Fig.10

perspektivisch eine besondere Ausführungsform der Wandbauelemente und

Fig.11

einen Teilschnitt durch das Wandbauelement gemäß Fig. 10.

The space cell according to the invention, including further advantageous embodiments, is explained in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments.
It shows

Fig.1

perspective an embodiment of a room cell in an exploded view;

Fig.2

the floor plan of the cell according to Fig.1;

Figure 3

a partial horizontal section through a corner region of the cell;

Figure 4

a vertical partial section through the room cell;

Figure 5

perspective and somewhat enlarged the upper area of the room cell;

Figure 6

schematically the drilling grid on the wall components and the connecting profiles;

Figure 7

on average increases the vertical connection area between two wall sections;

Figure 8

a horizontal section through a wall component in a preferred embodiment;

Figure 9

a section through a corner formed by wall and cover plate;

Figure 10

in perspective a special embodiment of the wall components and

Figure 11

10 shows a partial section through the wall component according to FIG. 10.

The room cell still consists of a floor slab 1 and a cover plate 2 arranged, prefabricated, the walls W of the cell-forming wall components 3, the consist of cover plates 4.5, between which thermal insulation 6 is arranged. A wall component designed as a door frame, as shown in Fig. 1, is as usual intended.

For such a room cell, it is essential according to the invention and with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 that the walls W of the cell are each formed from at least two wall components 3 which can be plugged vertically onto one another up to the height H of the cell, the vertical end faces 9 of the wall components 3 with the inside and outside of the cell, with the edges of the base plate 1 (or a cell base frame 1 ') and the cover plate 2 connecting profiles 8 cavities 10 limit that the connecting profiles 8 are screwed to the cover plates 4.5 of the wall components 3 and that the cavities 10 are filled with a bed 11 of heat-insulating material.
It is very important that there is no longer a direct abutment of the wall elements or their thermal insulation 6 in the connection areas 7, as is the case with previously used tongue and groove connections. Depending on whether the wall components 3 are directly opposite one another in the connection regions 7, that is to say they extend in one plane or form a corner of the room, that is to say at an angle and as shown, for example, at 90 °, the connecting profiles 8 are designed as flat or angled profiles and are thereby advantageous provided with cranked longitudinal edges 8 'for reasons of their rigidity, as can be seen in particular in FIG. Fig. 3 also makes it clear that the previously practiced and costly formation of special cell corners forming wall components is advantageously eliminated. The type of thermal insulation material that is introduced between the cover plates 4, 5 of the wall components 3, that is to say whether PU foam or, for example, appropriately dimensioned and prefabricated molded articles made of incombustible material (for example water-glass-bound pearlite) does not play a role and ultimately only depends on it whether incombustibility is required for the cell or not.

Accurate drilling according to the teaching is only required on the connection profiles 8 and the cover plates 4, 5, the connection profiles 8 with precise assignment to the cell floor 1 or a base frame 1 ', for example made of U-profiles, into which the lowermost wall elements are inserted can be connected, ie screwed. A fixed connection between the wall components 3 and the connecting profiles is also made by screws.
An embodiment of such screw connections that enables a high dimensional accuracy of the connections is explained in more detail.
This high dimensional accuracy when assembling the room cell, on the other hand, allows for tolerances in the prefabrication of the wall components 3 with regard to the attachment or insertion of the thermal insulation 6 between the cover plates 4, 5, since the thermal insulation 6, as mentioned, is no longer immediate itself participates in the connection or is deliberately withdrawn and such tolerances with regard to the distance of the end faces 9 can be easily accommodated by the fill 11 made of suitable insulating material selected for this purpose.

A certain dimensional accuracy with regard to the cell height is already provided in that the cover surfaces 4, 5 are provided on the plug side on the one hand with protruding edges 17 and on the other hand with indentations 18 that fit between these edges 17, as shown in FIG. Here too, a special embodiment that ensures exact positioning accuracy is explained in more detail in connection with the special screw connections.
Otherwise, appropriately dimensioned, more or less thin layers 19 of, for example, mineral nonwoven material can be arranged in the horizontal connection regions 7 '.

The bottom plate 1 and the cover sheet 2 can be against Representations in Figure 1 as the wall components 3 accordingly be trained and can with reference to Figure 4 Functionally oriented edges 17 and indentations 18 be provided with the edges of the connecting elements 8 or also the inserted and attached wall elements 3 be screwed. In order to get special training here, as shown, not to be instructed or even by the previously usual and complex tongue and groove connections in To get the connection area between the cell walls and cover plate 2 away and yet tolerances that occur To be able to carry, a connection embodiment is also in this connection area preferred as they already are with regard to the wall corners of such a cell, but which is also explained in more detail.

There now follow, with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9, the more detailed explanations of the details ensuring the positioning accuracy:
As shown schematically in FIG. 6, the wall components 3 are perforated at their four corner areas EB and are provided in the holes with tight nuts 20, such as press nuts, one of which is shown in section in FIG. The connecting profiles 8 are provided with a corresponding spacing D with open through holes 21 for the compression screws 22 which can be screwed into the nuts 20. If PU foam is considered as an insulating material, these could easily be foamed onto the press nuts 4.5 on the cover plates. Such an integration into the insulating material would, however, be much more difficult and more complex if the molded bodies were made of fireproof or non-combustible insulating material.

In view of this, it is advantageously provided according to FIG. the top surfaces 4, 5 of the wall components 3 in the connection area with the connection profiles 8, the thermal insulation 6 outstanding to train and on these outstanding edges 23 inside Arrange nuts 20. As a result, the press nuts 20 protrude into the Cavity 10, which is only with a loose insulation material is backfilled, regardless of whether for the Thermal insulation 6 PU foam or non-flammable insulation material for the Wall components is used.

Apart from the fact that the. Ceiling plate 2 that can also be plugged together from wall elements (see FIG. 5) could be dimensioned such that they are placed directly on the cell walls created, an embodiment with reference to FIG. 9 is preferred in that the cell wall / ceiling plate corners 24 in the same way as that Room corners (see FIG. 3) are formed with the formation of cavities 10 that can be filled with pourable insulation material and delimited by angle profiles 25, 3 veneer profiles 26 being arranged on the outside on the edges of the wall elements concerned under the vertical legs 27 of the outer angle profiles 25, and the veneer profiles are further removed 26 are provided with a support and adjustment fold 28, which ensures an exactly parallel assignment to the upper edge of the wall elements 3. These veneer profiles 26 only need to be glued, for example, since they only serve to be able to fill the resulting cavity 10 with pourable insulating material at all.
In an advantageous further development, the upper ends 8 'of the vertically attached connecting profiles 8 can finally be provided with hook receiving elements 29 (only indicated schematically in FIG. 1), which is of particular interest for smaller dimensioned space cells, since these are complete thanks to their frame-like and screwed construction fully assembled, for example with ropes on a crane hook and can be hoisted to their place of installation.

In the event that such room cells are installed outdoors For example, as a cell phone cell phone or as a weather station is advantageous provided that formed from corresponding wall elements 3 Cover plate 2 or the cell with a weather-resistant cover 30, as partially shown in FIG. 5.

With regard to "preformed and non-combustible" material forming the thermal insulation 6 between the cover plates 4, 5, such thermal insulation 6 is formed from a plurality of prefabricated shaped pieces 6 'arranged in a "brick or block-like" manner (see FIG. 10 , 11), which are each formed from fireproof pearlite particles and which are fireproofly bonded to one another with the formation of expansion joints 14 (only shown as lines in FIG. 10) with the two cover surfaces 4, 5. These shaped pieces 6 'are formed from pearlite particles compacted in a mold, the individual particles of which are connected by water glass which is only present at certain points between the particles and has been reacted with CO ₂ , the particles with respect to their bulk volume, for example, in the order of 20 compressed up to 30% and the particles are contained in the shaped pieces 6 'with a grain size in the order of maximum 6 mm. These special requirements are in the interest of a rational and practical prefabrication of the incombustible thermal insulation 6 to be used here as a replacement for PU foam.

As far as the shaped bodies 6 'are concerned, they are simple and efficient to manufacture in that the pearlite granules are mixed with an amount of diluted water glass which is brought to the particles in the form of an aerosol and is so small in relation to the total amount of the pearlite granules forming the shaped bodies that, under reaction with CO _2, only punctiform, solid bond bridges form between the pearlite particles, CO _{2 being} fed until the compression of the particles in the production mold to the final dimension of the molding, then the molding removed from the mold and the molding preferably by Energy supply from the inside is dried by exposure to microwaves.
This type of production thus ensures that only as little and as much as necessary of the binder water glass is brought to the later binding of the pearlite particles in the molded body, with due regard to the energy and also time required for the necessary drying , It is also essential here that the pearlite particles introduced into the mold by means of a bed be compressed to a certain extent in order to bring the small amount of binder present in the bed between the particles into effect. The intended supply of CO ₂ in connection with the compression make a practically immediate removal of the molded articles from the production mold and direct transfer into a microwave dryer possible, the specific application of which is of particular importance here for drying, in spite of poor thermal conductivity of the formed and while the molded body is still wet, the water present in the core of the molded body is directly captured and expelled by the energy introduced by microwaves.
The stipulation of the "multiple brick or block-like" arrangement of the shaped bodies 6 'between the cover surfaces 4, 5 not only takes into account the different expansion behavior of the insulating material and the sheet metal, but also that smaller shaped bodies 6', for example here in the size of 20x20 to 50x50 cm ^{2 are} cheaper to dry than moldings that correspond in size to the size of the top surfaces or wall elements, for which area sizes are normally in the order of 1.5 to 2m ² . However, it is also possible to provide, for example, only two shaped bodies 6 'with a length of approximately 2 m and a width of 0.5 m for a wall element of this size

With reference also to Fig. 10,11 there is also a advantageous development in that between the top surfaces 4.5 tie rods 15, such as tie rods made of wire or fiberglass strands, are arranged, which extend in the expansion joints 14 and / or also through holes drilled in the molded body, and the with bent ends 16 in the bond between the Cover surfaces 4,5 and the fittings 6 'are involved. This Tie rod connection between the cover plates 4.5 ensures that any bending stresses on the wall components 3 without Consequences for the composite of cover plates 4.5 and thermal insulation 6 stay.

Otherwise, the base plate 1 and the cover plate 2 are opposite the representations in Figures 1 and 4 as the wall components 3rd trained accordingly and are with reference to Fig.4 Functionally oriented edges 17 and indentations 18 provided with the edges of the connecting elements 8 or also screwed in and plugged in wall elements 3 become.

Claims (11)

Room cell, consisting of prefabricated wall components (3) which are arranged between a base plate (1) and a cover plate (2) and form the walls (W) of the cell and which consist of cover plates (4, 5), between which thermal insulation (6) is arranged
characterized, that the walls (W) of the cell are each formed from at least two wall components (3) which can be plugged vertically onto one another up to the height (H) of the cell, that the vertical end faces (9) of the wall components (3) with the inside and outside of the cell, which can be connected to the edges of the base plate (1) or a cell base frame (1 '), delimit cavities (10), that the connecting profiles (8) with the cover plates (4,5) of the wall components (3) are screwed and that the cavities (10) are filled with a bed (11) of heat-insulating material. Space cell according to claim 1,
characterized in that the connection profiles (8), which are designed as flat or angle profiles, depending on the given connection assignment of the walls (W), are provided with stiffening bent longitudinal edges (8 '). Space cell according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the wall components (3) are perforated at their four corner areas and in the holes with tight nuts (20), such as press nuts, and the connecting profiles (8) with a corresponding spacing grid (D) with through holes (21) for fixable in the nuts Screws (22) are provided. Space cell according to claim 3,
characterized in that the top surfaces (4, 5) of the wall components (3) in the connection area with the connection profiles (8) are designed so as to project the insulation (6) and the nuts (20) are arranged on the inside on these projecting edges (23). Space cell according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the cover surfaces (4, 5) are provided on the plug side on the one hand with protruding edges (17) and on the other hand with indentations (18) fitting between these edges (17). Space cell according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that in the horizontally extending butt joint areas (7 ') between the wall components (3) appropriately dimensioned tape-like layers (19) of thermal insulation material are arranged. Space cell according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that the cell wall / ceiling tile corners (24) are designed in the same way as the room corners, with the formation of cavities (10) which can be filled with insulating material and delimited by angle profiles (25), with outside profiles on the affected edges of the wall elements (3) 26) are arranged under the vertical legs (27) of the outer angle profiles (25) and the facing profiles (26) are provided with a support and adjustment fold (28). Space cell according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that the thermal insulation (6) and the bed (11) are formed from incombustible material. Space cell according to claim 8,
characterized in that the thermal insulation (6) arranged between the cover surfaces (4, 5) is formed from a plurality of shaped pieces (6 ') arranged in the form of a brick or building block, each of which is formed from refractory-bound pearlite particles and which form one another with the formation of Expansion joints (14) with the two cover surfaces (4,5) are glued fireproof. Space cell according to claim 9,
characterized in that the shaped pieces (6 ') are formed from pearlite particles compacted in a mold, the individual particles of which are connected by water glass which is only reacted with CO ₂ at certain points between the particles, the particles by 20 to 30% with respect to their bulk volume compressed and contained in the shaped pieces (6 ') with a grain size in the order of magnitude of maximum 6 mm. Space cell according to claim 9 or 10,
characterized in that tension anchors (15), such as tension anchors made of wire or glass fiber strands, are arranged between the cover surfaces (4, 5), which extend in the expansion joints (14) and which have bent ends (16) into the adhesive bond between the cover surfaces (4,5) and the fittings (6 ') are involved.

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