EP1197650A1 - Process for fuel injection - Google Patents

Process for fuel injection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1197650A1
EP1197650A1 EP01810878A EP01810878A EP1197650A1 EP 1197650 A1 EP1197650 A1 EP 1197650A1 EP 01810878 A EP01810878 A EP 01810878A EP 01810878 A EP01810878 A EP 01810878A EP 1197650 A1 EP1197650 A1 EP 1197650A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
injected
combustion chamber
injector
injection nozzles
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Granted
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EP01810878A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1197650B1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Heim
Thomas Häni
Alois Bitterli
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Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG
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Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG
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Priority to EP01810878A priority Critical patent/EP1197650B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/242—Arrangement of spark plugs or injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/14—Arrangements of injectors with respect to engines; Mounting of injectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for injecting fuel into the Combustion chamber of a cylinder of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine Diesel design in part-load operation according to the upper clause of claim 1.
  • EP 0 775 821 describes a method for injecting Fuel in the combustion chamber of a slow-moving cylinder Two-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engine of the diesel type known.
  • the Fuel is injected into the combustion chamber with two to four fuel injectors injected, with the injectors constantly over the entire load range are in operation.
  • the for one Work cycle determined amount of fuel using only one injector injected, and in the next work cycle the amount of fuel the second injector injected so that through each injector alternately, the required during one work cycle Amount of fuel is injected.
  • a disadvantage of this injection method is the fact that in particular incomplete combustion occurs during partial load operation in the combustion chamber, so that the combustion fumes have a high proportion of visible smoke, in English called "visible smoke".
  • the object of the present invention is the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine to operate the diesel type in such a way that it is a more advantageous Has running behavior.
  • the object is achieved in particular with a method for injection of fuel in the combustion chamber of a cylinder one Reciprocating internal combustion engine of the diesel type at partial load operation, whereby at least two injection nozzles are assigned to each combustion chamber by the Fuel is injected so alternately that during at least two consecutive work cycles with at least one no fuel is injected into the injectors, and that after that during at least two consecutive work cycles from the no fuel is injected into another injector.
  • This method allows a higher zone in the combustion chamber Generate temperature.
  • the Fuel for at least three minutes, preferably between 10 and 30 minutes, from the same injector or asymmetrically injected from the same injectors to thereby generate a higher temperature in the combustion zone in the long term.
  • An advantage of this method is that the number is thermal Load changes, compared to that in EP 0 775 821 disclosed method, is reduced, which is favorable to the Material fatigue.
  • the locally higher temperature in and around the Combustion zone reduces visible smoke.
  • the Injecting the fuel with only one nozzle has the advantage that the Fuel is injected through this nozzle for a longer period of time, which causes a stable, reproducible injection results.
  • a constant change between the individual nozzle during injection has the disadvantage a higher number of thermal load changes.
  • the fuel is preferably injected through a single nozzle.
  • the partial load operation leads to a lower overall temperature level in the Combustion chamber and on the combustion chamber components. That's why they're through the uneven temperature distribution caused higher voltages of the combustion chamber components so that none on the combustion chamber components excessive or critical tensions occur. Even the appearance of High temperature corrosion due to a locally higher combustion chamber temperature excluded due to the lower overall temperature level.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for very deep ones Part load operations of less than 15% of full load are suitable, especially for Partial loads between 1% and 3% of full load.
  • the inventive method allows an environmentally friendly Combustion in part-load operation, and has the decisive advantage that the optically disturbing, gray or black exhaust gas clouds are avoided become. This is particularly advantageous for marine diesel engines.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for the operation of stationary and movable two-stroke and four-stroke diesel engines, especially for Four-stroke diesel engines with a cylinder bore of more than 150 mm or for two-stroke diesel engines with a cylinder bore of more than 300 mm in diameter.
  • Switching an injector on and off when switching to one of the three operating modes mentioned advantageously take place with one Switching function that has a hysteresis.
  • first and second partial load ranges that, starting from the first partial load range, with a partial load of 12.5% of the full load in the operating mode according to the second partial load range is switched, whereas, starting from the second part-load range a partial load of 17.5% of full load in the operating mode according to the first Partial load range is switched.
  • Switching from one operating mode to another can also be done, for example in such a way that a time control is used, so that after a certain time, for example 20 seconds after the lower or exceeding a predetermined threshold, to another Operating mode is switched. Switching from one to the other Operating mode can also be abrupt, so that with a larger one Change in load, for example 5%, immediately to another Operating mode is switched.
  • one cycle is used to operate the Reciprocating engine understood process taking place, which among other things the actuation of the valves, the injection of fuel, the Burn, and the emission of the combustion exhaust gases includes.
  • a 2-cycle machine is usually a work cycle after one Revolution completed, whereas the working cycle for a 4-stroke machine is completed after two turns.
  • Fig. 1 shows a two-stroke diesel engine 1 with a plurality of cylinders 11 and Piston 10, in which the interaction between the crankshaft 2, the Fuel supply and the movement of the exhaust valve 13 electronically is controlled.
  • a high pressure pump 4 With a high pressure pump 4, the fuel on the Pipeline 6 and the accumulator 5 of the injection nozzle 12 are supplied.
  • On hydraulic system comprising the pressure pump 7, the pipeline 9 and the accumulator 8 allows the position of the exhaust valve 13 to be actuated.
  • the longitudinally flushed two-stroke diesel engine 1 has a centrally arranged one Exhaust valve 13 and a plurality of peripherally on the cylinder cover arranged injectors 12. Usually such a Two-stroke diesel engine 1 has two to four fuel injectors 12.
  • FIG. 2a schematically shows the combustion chamber of the cylinder 11 with three peripherals and regularly spaced injection nozzles 12a, 12b, 12c.
  • This process example shows a partial load operation with one each single active injector 12a. Via the injection nozzle 12a Fuel 14a is injected, while injectors 12b and 12c in shown time no fuel 14a is injected. While at least two consecutive work cycles will only be done through the Injector 12a fuel 14a injected to thereafter during at least two consecutive working cycles of fuel 14a only via the injector 12b and then for at least another two successive duty cycles only through the injector 12c inject. In a particularly advantageous method, during much more than two successive work cycles, for example, for 10 to 30 minutes, fuel from a single one Injector 12a supplied.
  • 2b shows a process example in partial load operation with two each simultaneously active injection nozzles 12a, 12b.
  • Analogous to 2a is also the fuel 14a, 14b during at least two consecutive work cycles the injectors 12a, 12b are fed, then for at least two successive working cycles only via the injection nozzles 12b, 12c, and then via the two injection nozzles 12c, 12a. This method is repeated continuously.
  • the fuel 14a, 14b for 5 to 60 minutes, in particular 10 to 30 minutes through the same two injectors 12a, 12b inject before another pair of injectors 12b, 12c, is changed.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b show just two examples of a variety of ways, like in a two-stroke or four-stroke diesel engine, each with two to four fuel injection nozzles 12 per cylinder 11 by opening only part of the existing nozzles Fuel 14a, 14b can be injected asymmetrically to thereby a longer and more stable injection duration and a temporarily uneven Temperature distribution in the combustion chamber, or one Combustion zone with a higher temperature during part-load operation achieve.
  • the injection nozzles 12a, 12b, 12c are for dimensioned an operation at nominal load. For an advantageous spray behavior it is therefore advantageous to obtain the relatively low one at low partial loads Amount of fuel through a single injector 12a, 12b, 12c Feed the combustion chamber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

Method for injecting fuel (14a) into a combustion chamber having at least two fuel injectors (12a, 12b, 12c) of a cylinder (11) of a reciprocating internal combustion diesel engine in underload operation comprises alternately injecting the fuel so that during at least two successive working cycles no fuel is injected by at least one of the fuel injectors and during at least two following successive working cycles no fuel is injected by the other fuel injector. An Independent claim is also included for a reciprocating internal combustion engine operated by the method. Preferred Features: Each combustion chamber has two, three or four fuel injectors.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in den Brennraum eines Zylinders einer Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine der Dieselbauart bei Teillastbetrieb gemäss dem Obergebriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a method for injecting fuel into the Combustion chamber of a cylinder of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine Diesel design in part-load operation according to the upper clause of claim 1.

Aus der Druckschrift EP 0 775 821 ist ein Verfahren zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in den Brennraum eines Zylinders einer langsam laufenden Zweitakt-Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine der Dieselbauart bekannt. Der Brennstoff wird mit zwei bis vier Brennstoffeinspritzdüsen in den Brennraum eingespritzt, wobei die Einspritzdüsen über dem ganzen Lastbereich ständig in Betrieb sind. Insbesondere während dem Teillastbetrieb wird die für einen Arbeitstakt bestimmte Brennstoffmenge mittels nur einer Einspritzdüse eingespritzt, und im nächstfolgenden Arbeitstakt die Brennstoffmenge durch die zweite Einspritzdüse eingespritzt, sodass durch jede Einspritzdüse abwechslungsweise während je einem Arbeitstakt die erforderliche Brennstoffmenge eingespritzt wird.EP 0 775 821 describes a method for injecting Fuel in the combustion chamber of a slow-moving cylinder Two-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engine of the diesel type known. The Fuel is injected into the combustion chamber with two to four fuel injectors injected, with the injectors constantly over the entire load range are in operation. Especially during part-load operation, the for one Work cycle determined amount of fuel using only one injector injected, and in the next work cycle the amount of fuel the second injector injected so that through each injector alternately, the required during one work cycle Amount of fuel is injected.

Nachteilig an diesem Einspritzverfahren ist die Tatsache, dass insbesondere bei Teillastbetrieb im Brennraum eine unvollständige Verbrennung entsteht, sodass die Verbrennungsabgase einen hohen Anteil an sichtbarem Rauch, in Englisch als "visible smoke" bezeichnet, aufweisen. A disadvantage of this injection method is the fact that in particular incomplete combustion occurs during partial load operation in the combustion chamber, so that the combustion fumes have a high proportion of visible smoke, in English called "visible smoke".

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung die Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine der Dieselbauart derart zu betreiben, dass sie ein vorteilhafteres Laufverhalten aufweist.The object of the present invention is the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine to operate the diesel type in such a way that it is a more advantageous Has running behavior.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst mit einem Verfahren aufweisend die Merkmale von Anspruch 1. Die Unteransprüche 2 bis 9 betreffen weitere, vorteilhafte Verfahrensschritte.This object is achieved with a method having the features of Claim 1. The sub-claims 2 to 9 relate to further advantageous Process steps.

Die Aufgabe wird insbesondere gelöst mit einem Verfahren zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in den Brennraum eines Zylinders einer Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine der Dieselbauart bei Teillastbetrieb, wobei jedem Brennraum zumindest zwei Einspritzdüsen zugeordnet sind, indem der Brennstoff derart abwechslungsweise eingespritzt wird, dass während zumindest zwei nacheinanderfolgenden Arbeitszyklen mit zumindest einer der Einspritzdüsen kein Brennstoff eingespritzt wird, und dass danach während zumindest zwei nacheinanderfolgenden Arbeitszyklen von der weiteren Einspritzdüse kein Brennstoff eingespritzt wird.The object is achieved in particular with a method for injection of fuel in the combustion chamber of a cylinder one Reciprocating internal combustion engine of the diesel type at partial load operation, whereby at least two injection nozzles are assigned to each combustion chamber by the Fuel is injected so alternately that during at least two consecutive work cycles with at least one no fuel is injected into the injectors, and that after that during at least two consecutive work cycles from the no fuel is injected into another injector.

Dieses Verfahren erlaubt im Verbrennungsraum eine Zone mit höherer Temperatur zu erzeugen. In einem bevorzugten Verfahren wird der Brennstoff während einer Zeitdauer von zumindest drei Minuten, vorzugsweise zwischen 10 und 30 Minuten, von derselben Einspritzdüse oder von denselben Einspritzdüsen asymmetrisch eingespritzt, um dadurch längerfristig eine höhere Temperatur in der Verbrennungszone zu erzeugen. Ein Vorteil dieses Verfahrens ist darin zu sehen, dass die Anzahl thermischer Lastwechsel, im Vergleich zu dem in der Druckschrift EP 0 775 821 offenbarten Verfahren, reduziert wird, was sich günstig auf die Materialermüdung auswirkt. Die lokal höhere Temperatur in und um die Verbrennungszone bewirkt eine Reduktion des sichtbaren Rauchs. Das Einspritzen des Brennstoffs mit nur einer Düse weist den Vorteil auf, dass der Brennstoff zeitlich länger über diese Düse eingespritzt wird, wodurch sich eine stabile, reproduzierbare Einspritzung ergibt. Ein ständiges Wechseln zwischen den einzelnen Düse während dem Einspritzen weist den Nachteil einer höheren Anzahl thermischer Lastwechsel auf. This method allows a higher zone in the combustion chamber Generate temperature. In a preferred method, the Fuel for at least three minutes, preferably between 10 and 30 minutes, from the same injector or asymmetrically injected from the same injectors to thereby generate a higher temperature in the combustion zone in the long term. An advantage of this method is that the number is thermal Load changes, compared to that in EP 0 775 821 disclosed method, is reduced, which is favorable to the Material fatigue. The locally higher temperature in and around the Combustion zone reduces visible smoke. The Injecting the fuel with only one nozzle has the advantage that the Fuel is injected through this nozzle for a longer period of time, which causes a stable, reproducible injection results. A constant change between the individual nozzle during injection has the disadvantage a higher number of thermal load changes.

Dem Fachmann ist allgemein bekannt, beispielsweise aus der Druckschrift EP 0 775 821, dass eine ungleichmässige Temperaturverteilung im Verbrennungsraum nachteilig ist, weil beispielsweise in heissen Zonen Hochtemperaturkorrosion auftreten kann. Zudem ist dem Fachmann bekannt, dass die ungeleichmässige Temperaturverteilung hohe Spannungen am Zylinder und am Kolben bewirkt, was zudem die Materialermüdung erhöht. Ein Fachmann ist daher auf Grund seines Fachwissens bestrebt eine ungleichmässige Temperaturverteilung im Brennraum nach Möglichkeit zu vermeiden.The person skilled in the art is generally known, for example from the publication EP 0 775 821 that an uneven temperature distribution in the Combustion chamber is disadvantageous because, for example, in hot zones High temperature corrosion can occur. It is also known to the person skilled in the art that the non-uniform temperature distribution causes high voltages on the Cylinder and piston causes, which also increases material fatigue. A specialist is therefore striving for one based on his specialist knowledge if possible, uneven temperature distribution in the combustion chamber avoid.

Überraschenderweise hat sich jedoch gezeigt, dass sich durch das Öffnen von insbesondere nur einer Düse während dem Teillastbetrieb folgende Vorteile ergeben:

  • Die Verbrennung findet am gleichen Ort statt, sodass sich eine lokal heissere Zone mit einer höheren Temperatur in der Verbrennungszone ausbildet. Dies bewirkt eine vollständigere Verbrennung des Brennstoffs und somit geringere Anteile an sichtbarem Rauch in den Verbrennungsabgasen.
  • Trotz der ungleichmässigen Temperaturverteilung tritt keine kritische Hochtemperaturkorrosion am Kolben auf, da das Temperaturniveau insgesamt tiefer ist bei Teillast.
  • Die Lebensdauer der Brennraumbauteile wie Kolben, Zylinderdeckel und Auslassventile wird gegenüber einem Wechsel der Düse bei jedem Arbeitszyklus erhöht, weil durch das erfindungsgemässe Einspritzverfahren die Anzahl thermischer Lastwechsel reduziert wird, was die Materialermüdung reduziert.
Surprisingly, however, it has been shown that opening only one nozzle during partial load operation has the following advantages:
  • The combustion takes place in the same place, so that a locally hotter zone with a higher temperature is formed in the combustion zone. This results in a more complete combustion of the fuel and thus less visible smoke in the combustion exhaust gases.
  • Despite the uneven temperature distribution, there is no critical high-temperature corrosion on the piston, since the overall temperature level is lower at part load.
  • The service life of the combustion chamber components such as pistons, cylinder covers and exhaust valves is increased compared to changing the nozzle in each working cycle because the number of thermal load changes is reduced by the injection method according to the invention, which reduces material fatigue.

Vorzugsweise wird der Brennstoff jeweils über eine einzige Düse eingespritzt.The fuel is preferably injected through a single nozzle.

Der Teillastbetrieb führt zu einem tieferen Gesamttemperaturniveau im Verbrennungsraum und an den Brennraumbauteilen. Deshalb sind die durch die ungleichmässige Temperaturverteilung bewirkten höheren Spannungen der Brennraumbauteilen begrenzt, sodass an den Brennraumbauteilen keine übermässige oder kritische Spannungen auftreten. Auch das Auftreten von Hochtemperaturkorrosion durch eine lokal höhere Brennraumtemperatur ist aufgrund des tieferen Gesamttemperaturniveaus ausgeschlossen. The partial load operation leads to a lower overall temperature level in the Combustion chamber and on the combustion chamber components. That's why they're through the uneven temperature distribution caused higher voltages of the combustion chamber components so that none on the combustion chamber components excessive or critical tensions occur. Even the appearance of High temperature corrosion due to a locally higher combustion chamber temperature excluded due to the lower overall temperature level.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ist besonders für sehr tiefe Teillastbetriebe von weniger als 15% der Volllast geeignet, insbesondere für Teillasten zwischen 1% und 3% der Volllast.The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for very deep ones Part load operations of less than 15% of full load are suitable, especially for Partial loads between 1% and 3% of full load.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren erlaubt eine umweltfreundliche Verbrennung im Teillastbetrieb, und weist den entscheidenden Vorteil auf, dass die optisch störenden, grauen oder schwarzen Abgaswolken vermieden werden. Dies ist insbesondere für Schiffsdieselmotoren von Vorteil.The inventive method allows an environmentally friendly Combustion in part-load operation, and has the decisive advantage that the optically disturbing, gray or black exhaust gas clouds are avoided become. This is particularly advantageous for marine diesel engines.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren eignet sich zum Betrieb von stationären und beweglichen Zweitakt- und Viertakt-Dieselmotoren, insbesondere für Viertakt-Dieselmotoren mit einer Zylinderbohrung von mehr als 150 mm beziehungsweise für Zweitakt-Dieselmotoren mit einer Zylinderbohrung von mehr als 300 mm Durchmesser.The method according to the invention is suitable for the operation of stationary and movable two-stroke and four-stroke diesel engines, especially for Four-stroke diesel engines with a cylinder bore of more than 150 mm or for two-stroke diesel engines with a cylinder bore of more than 300 mm in diameter.

Einem Brennraum sind beispielsweise drei oder vier Einspritzdüsen zugeordnet. Der Dieselmotor kann in Funktion der Last beispielsweise mit folgenden Betriebsarten betrieben werden:

  • Bei Volllastbetrieb wird über alle drei oder vier Einspritzdüsen Brennstoff dem Brennraum zugeführt.
  • In einem ersten Teillastbereich, zwischen 25 % und 15% der Volllast, wird über 2 Einspritzdüsen Brennstoff in den Brennraum eingespritzt.
  • In einem zweiten Teillastbereich von weniger als 15% Volllast, wird über eine einzige der drei oder vier Einspritzdüsen Brennstoff in den Brennraum eingespritzt.
    • For example, three or four injection nozzles are assigned to a combustion chamber. Depending on the load, the diesel engine can be operated in the following operating modes, for example:
  • At full load, fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber via all three or four injection nozzles.
  • In a first part-load range, between 25% and 15% of full load, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber via two injection nozzles.
  • In a second partial load range of less than 15% full load, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber via a single one of the three or four injection nozzles.

    • Das Zu- und Abschalten einer Einspritzdüse beim Umschalten auf eine der drei genannten Betriebsarten erfolgt vorteilhafterweise mit einer Schaltfunktion, welche eine Hysterese aufweist. So könnte beispielsweise derart zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Teillastbereich umgeschaltet werden, dass, ausgehend vom ersten Teillastbereich, bei einer Teillast von 12,5 % der Volllast in die Betriebsart gemäss dem zweiten Teillastbereich umgeschaltet wird, wogegen, ausgehend vom zweiten Teillastbereich, bei einer Teillast von 17,5% der Volllast in die Betriebsart gemäss dem ersten Teillastbereich umgeschaltet wird. Switching an injector on and off when switching to one of the three operating modes mentioned advantageously take place with one Switching function that has a hysteresis. For example thus switched between the first and second partial load ranges that, starting from the first partial load range, with a partial load of 12.5% of the full load in the operating mode according to the second partial load range is switched, whereas, starting from the second part-load range a partial load of 17.5% of full load in the operating mode according to the first Partial load range is switched.

    Das Umschalten von einer zur anderen Betriebsart kann beispielsweise auch derart erfolgen, dass eine Zeitsteuerung verwendet wird, sodass nach einer gewissen Zeit, beispielsweise 20 Sekunden nach dem unter- bzw. überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Schwellenwertes, auf eine andere Betriebsart umgeschaltet wird. Das Umschalten von einer zur anderen Betriebsart kann auch schlagartig erfolgen, sodass bei einer grösseren Veränderung der Last von beispielsweise 5%, sofort auf eine andere Betriebsart umgeschaltet wird.Switching from one operating mode to another can also be done, for example in such a way that a time control is used, so that after a certain time, for example 20 seconds after the lower or exceeding a predetermined threshold, to another Operating mode is switched. Switching from one to the other Operating mode can also be abrupt, so that with a larger one Change in load, for example 5%, immediately to another Operating mode is switched.

    Nachfolgend wird das Verfahren an Hand eines Ausführungsbeispieles beschrieben. Es zeigen:

    Fig. 1
    eine schematische Darstellung eines Zweitakt-Dieselmotors;
    Fig. 2a
    eine Aufsicht des Brennraums mit einer aktiven Einspritzdüse;
    Fig. 2b
    eine Aufsicht des Brennraumes mit zwei aktiven Einspritzdüsen.
    The method is described below using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:
    Fig. 1
    a schematic representation of a two-stroke diesel engine;
    Fig. 2a
    a top view of the combustion chamber with an active injector;
    Fig. 2b
    a top view of the combustion chamber with two active injection nozzles.

    Unter einem Arbeitszyklus wird nachfolgend der beim Betrieb der Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine stattfindende Prozess verstanden, welcher unter anderem das Betätigen der Ventile, das Einspritzen von Brennstoff, das Verbrennen, und das Ausstossen der Verbrennungsabgase umfasst. Bei einer 2-Takt-Maschine ist ein Arbeitszyklus üblicherweise nach einer Umdrehung abgeschlossen, wogegen der Arbeitszyklus bei einer 4-Takt-Maschine nach zwei Umdrehungen abgeschlossen ist.Subsequently, one cycle is used to operate the Reciprocating engine understood process taking place, which among other things the actuation of the valves, the injection of fuel, the Burn, and the emission of the combustion exhaust gases includes. at A 2-cycle machine is usually a work cycle after one Revolution completed, whereas the working cycle for a 4-stroke machine is completed after two turns.

    Fig. 1 zeigt einen Zweitakt-Dieselmotor 1 mit mehreren Zylindern 11 und Kolben 10, bei welchem das Zusammenspiel zwischen der Kurbelwelle 2, der Brennstoffzufuhr und der Bewegung des Auslassventils 13 elektronisch gesteuert ist. Mit einer Hochdruckpumpe 4 wird der Brennstoff über die Rohrleitung 6 und den Akkumulator 5 der Einspritzdüse 12 zugeführt. Ein hydraulisches System umfassend die Druckpumpe 7, die Rohrleitung 9 und den Akkumulator 8 erlaubt die Stellung des Auslassventils 13 zu betätigten. Der längs gespülte Zweitakt-Dieselmotor 1 weist ein zentral angeordnetes Auslassventil 13 sowie eine Mehrzahl am Zylinderdeckel peripher angeordneter Einspritzdüsen 12 auf. Üblicherweise weist ein derartiger Zweitakt-Dieselmotor 1 zwei bis vier Einspritzdüsen 12 für Brennstoff auf.Fig. 1 shows a two-stroke diesel engine 1 with a plurality of cylinders 11 and Piston 10, in which the interaction between the crankshaft 2, the Fuel supply and the movement of the exhaust valve 13 electronically is controlled. With a high pressure pump 4, the fuel on the Pipeline 6 and the accumulator 5 of the injection nozzle 12 are supplied. On hydraulic system comprising the pressure pump 7, the pipeline 9 and the accumulator 8 allows the position of the exhaust valve 13 to be actuated. The longitudinally flushed two-stroke diesel engine 1 has a centrally arranged one Exhaust valve 13 and a plurality of peripherally on the cylinder cover arranged injectors 12. Usually such a Two-stroke diesel engine 1 has two to four fuel injectors 12.

    Fig. 2a zeigt schematisch den Brennraum des Zylinders 11 mit drei peripher und regelmässig beabstandet angeordneten Einspritzdüsen 12a, 12b, 12c. Dieses Verfahrensbeispiel zeigt einen Teillastbetrieb mit jeweils einer einzigen aktiven Einspritzdüse 12a. Über die Einspritzdüse 12a wird somit Brennstoff 14a eingespritzt, wogegen über die Einspritzdüsen 12b und 12c im dargestellten Zeitpunkt kein Brennstoff 14a eingespritzt wird. Während zumindest zwei nacheinanderfolgenden Arbeitszyklen wird einzig über die Einspritzdüse 12a Brennstoff 14a eingespritzt, um danach während zumindest zwei nacheinanderfolgenden Arbeitszyklen Brennstoff 14a einzig über die Einspritzdüse 12b und danach während mindestens weiterer zwei nacheinanderfolgenden Arbeitszyklen einzig über die Einspritzdüse 12c einzuspritzen. In einem besonders vorteilhaften Verfahren wird während wesentlich mehr als zwei nacheinanderfolgenden Arbeitszyklen, beispielsweise während 10 bis 30 Minuten, Brennstoff von einer einzigen Einspritzdüse 12a zugeführt. Danach wird während derselben Zeitdauer einzig über die Einspritzdüse 12b und danach einzig über die Einspritzdüse 12c Brennstoff zugeführt. Dieses Verfahren bewirkt eine ungleichmässige Temperatur im Verbrennungsraum und daher eine Verbrennungszone mit hoher Temperatur, was eine Verbrennung mit wenig Rauch zur Folge hat. Der Brennstoff kann zuerst über die Einspritzdüse 12a, nachfolgend über die Einspritzdüse 12b und nachfolgend über die Einspritzdüse 12c eingespritzt werden. Die Reihenfolge der Einspritzdüsen kann auch vertauscht werden, sodass diese in der Reihenfolge Einspritzdüse 12c, Einspritzdüse 12b, Einspritzdüse 12a betätigt werden.2a schematically shows the combustion chamber of the cylinder 11 with three peripherals and regularly spaced injection nozzles 12a, 12b, 12c. This process example shows a partial load operation with one each single active injector 12a. Via the injection nozzle 12a Fuel 14a is injected, while injectors 12b and 12c in shown time no fuel 14a is injected. While at least two consecutive work cycles will only be done through the Injector 12a fuel 14a injected to thereafter during at least two consecutive working cycles of fuel 14a only via the injector 12b and then for at least another two successive duty cycles only through the injector 12c inject. In a particularly advantageous method, during much more than two successive work cycles, for example, for 10 to 30 minutes, fuel from a single one Injector 12a supplied. After that, during the same period only through the injector 12b and then only through the injector 12c fuel supplied. This process causes an uneven Temperature in the combustion chamber and therefore a combustion zone with high temperature, which results in combustion with little smoke. The fuel can first through the injector 12a, then through the Injector 12b and subsequently injected via the injector 12c become. The order of the injectors can also be interchanged, so that in the order of injector 12c, injector 12b, Injector 12a are operated.

    Fig. 2b zeigt ein Verfahrensbeispiel im Teillastbetrieb mit jeweils zwei gleichzeitig aktiven Einspritzdüsen 12a, 12b. Analog zum Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Fig. 2a wird der Brennstoff 14a, 14b ebenfalls während zumindest zwei nacheinanderfolgenden Arbeitszyklen einzig über die Einspritzdüsen 12a, 12b zugeführt, danach während zumindest zwei nacheinanderfolgenden Arbeitszyklen einzig über die Einspritzdüsen 12b, 12c, und danach über die beiden Einspritzdüsen 12c, 12a. Dieses Verfahren wird ständig wiederholt. Wie mit Fig. 2a beschrieben, ist es besonders vorteilhaft den Brennstoff 14a, 14b während 5 bis 60 Minuten, insbesondere 10 bis 30 Minuten über dieselben zwei Einspritzdüsen 12a, 12b einzuspritzen, bevor auf ein anderes Paar Einspritzdüsen 12b, 12c, gewechselt wird.2b shows a process example in partial load operation with two each simultaneously active injection nozzles 12a, 12b. Analogous to 2a is also the fuel 14a, 14b during at least two consecutive work cycles the injectors 12a, 12b are fed, then for at least two successive working cycles only via the injection nozzles 12b, 12c, and then via the two injection nozzles 12c, 12a. This method is repeated continuously. As described with Fig. 2a, it is special advantageously the fuel 14a, 14b for 5 to 60 minutes, in particular 10 to 30 minutes through the same two injectors 12a, 12b inject before another pair of injectors 12b, 12c, is changed.

    Die beiden in Fig. 2a und Fig. 2b dargestellten Verfahrensbeispiele zeigen nur zwei Beispiele einer Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten, wie in einem Zweitakt- oder Viertakt-Dieselmotor mit jeweils zwei bis 4 Brennstoffeinspritzdüsen 12 pro Zylinder 11 durch Öffnen nur eines Teils der vorhandenen Düsen der Brennstoff 14a, 14b asymmetrisch eingespritzt werden kann, um dadurch eine längere und stabilere Einspritzdauer und eine temporär ungleichmässige Temperaturverteilung im Verbrennungsraum, beziehungsweise eine Verbrennungszone mit höherer Temperatur während einem Teillastbetrieb zu erzielen.The two process examples shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b show just two examples of a variety of ways, like in a two-stroke or four-stroke diesel engine, each with two to four fuel injection nozzles 12 per cylinder 11 by opening only part of the existing nozzles Fuel 14a, 14b can be injected asymmetrically to thereby a longer and more stable injection duration and a temporarily uneven Temperature distribution in the combustion chamber, or one Combustion zone with a higher temperature during part-load operation achieve.

    Bei sehr geringen Teillasten von 1% bis 15% der Volllast ist das in Fig. 2a dargestellte Verfahren mit jeweils einer einzigen aktiven Einspritzdüse 12a, 12b, 12c besonders vorteilhaft. Die Einspritzdüsen 12a, 12b, 12c sind für einen Betrieb bei Nennlast dimensioniert. Um ein vorteilhaftes Spritzverhalten zu erlangen ist es daher vorteilhaft bei tiefen Teillasten die relativ geringe Brennstoffmenge über eine einzige Einspritzdüse 12a, 12b, 12c dem Brennraum zuzuführen.In the case of very low partial loads of 1% to 15% of the full load, this is in FIG illustrated method, each with a single active injection nozzle 12a, 12b, 12c particularly advantageous. The injection nozzles 12a, 12b, 12c are for dimensioned an operation at nominal load. For an advantageous spray behavior it is therefore advantageous to obtain the relatively low one at low partial loads Amount of fuel through a single injector 12a, 12b, 12c Feed the combustion chamber.

    Claims (10)

    Verfahren zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff (14a,14b) in den Brennraum eines Zylinders (11) einer Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine (1) der Dieselbauart bei Teillastbetrieb, wobei jedem Brennraum zumindest zwei Einspritzdüsen (12a, 12b, 12c) zugeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennstoff (14a, 14b) derart abwechslungsweise eingespritzt wird, dass während zumindest zwei nacheinanderfolgenden Arbeitszyklen mit zumindest einer der Einspritzdüsen (12a, 12b, 12c) kein Brennstoff eingespritzt wird, und dass danach während zumindest zwei nacheinanderfolgenden Arbeitszyklen von der weiteren Einspritzdüse (12a, 12b, 12c) kein Brennstoff (14a, 14b) eingespritzt wird.Method for injecting fuel (14a, 14b) into the combustion chamber of a cylinder (11) of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine (1) of the diesel type under partial load operation, with at least two injection nozzles (12a, 12b, 12c) being assigned to each combustion chamber, characterized in that the fuel (14a, 14b) is injected alternately in such a way that no fuel is injected with at least one of the injection nozzles (12a, 12b, 12c) during at least two successive working cycles, and that thereafter during at least two successive working cycles from the further injection nozzle (12a, 12b, 12c) no fuel (14a, 14b) is injected. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedem Brennraum zwei, drei oder vier Einspritzdüsen zugeordnet sind, durch welche Brennstoff eingespritzt wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that two, three or four injection nozzles are assigned to each combustion chamber, through which fuel is injected. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennstoff von derselben Einspritzdüse zumindest zwei mal nacheinanderfolgend eingespritzt wird, und dass danach der Brennstoff von einer weiteren Einspritzdüse zumindest zwei mal nacheinanderfolgend eingespritzt wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel is injected at least twice in succession from the same injector, and that the fuel is then injected at least twice in succession from a further injector. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennstoff abwechslungsweise von jeweils einer der Einspritzdüsen eingespritzt wird, und dass der Brennstoff während zumindest zwei nacheinanderfolgenden Arbeitszyklen von derselben Einspritzdüse eingespritzt wird. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel is injected alternately by in each case one of the injection nozzles, and in that the fuel is injected from the same injection nozzle during at least two successive working cycles. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennstoff während einer Zeitdauer von zumindest drei Minuten ständig von derselben Einspritzdüse eingespritzt wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel is continuously injected from the same injection nozzle for a period of at least three minutes. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennstoff während einer Zeitdauer zwischen 5 bis 60 Minuten, insbesondere zwischen 10 bis 30 Minuten von derselben Einspritzdüse eingespritzt wird.A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the fuel is injected from the same injector for a period of between 5 to 60 minutes, in particular between 10 to 30 minutes. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit einer Teillast von weniger als 10 % der Volllast betrieben wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is operated with a partial load of less than 10% of the full load. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine als Viertakt- oder als Zweitakt-Dieselmotor betrieben wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is operated as a four-stroke or as a two-stroke diesel engine. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennstoff in einem Teillastbetrieb von einer einzigen oder von zwei oder von drei Einspritzdüsen eingespritzt wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel is injected in a partial load operation from a single or from two or from three injection nozzles. Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine betrieben mit einem Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.Reciprocating internal combustion engine operated using a method any of the preceding claims.
    EP01810878A 2000-10-10 2001-09-11 Process for fuel injection Expired - Lifetime EP1197650B1 (en)

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    DE102017201586A1 (en) 2017-02-01 2018-08-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Internal combustion engine with redundant injectors

    Families Citing this family (3)

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    JP5693189B2 (en) * 2010-12-08 2015-04-01 三菱重工業株式会社 Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engine and fuel injection method for internal combustion engine
    JP5984469B2 (en) * 2012-04-11 2016-09-06 三菱重工業株式会社 Dual fuel diesel engine
    JP5998671B2 (en) * 2012-06-27 2016-09-28 株式会社Ihi 2-cycle engine

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    US2640422A (en) * 1946-12-03 1953-06-02 Texas Co Fuel pump for internal-combustion engines
    US4612898A (en) * 1985-01-11 1986-09-23 Sulzer Brothers Limited Cylinder head for a piston internal combustion engine
    EP0775821A1 (en) 1995-11-24 1997-05-28 New Sulzer Diesel Ag Method and apparatus for injecting fuel in a reciprocating internal combustion engine

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    PL349991A1 (en) 2002-04-22
    DK1197650T3 (en) 2005-07-11
    EP1197650B1 (en) 2005-06-22
    KR100743210B1 (en) 2007-07-26
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    KR20020028778A (en) 2002-04-17

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