EP1193678A2 - Driving method for electro-optical device, electro-optical device, and electronic apparatus - Google Patents
Driving method for electro-optical device, electro-optical device, and electronic apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- EP1193678A2 EP1193678A2 EP01308340A EP01308340A EP1193678A2 EP 1193678 A2 EP1193678 A2 EP 1193678A2 EP 01308340 A EP01308340 A EP 01308340A EP 01308340 A EP01308340 A EP 01308340A EP 1193678 A2 EP1193678 A2 EP 1193678A2
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- electro
- transistor
- optical device
- driving
- signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
- G09G3/3258—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the voltage across the light-emitting element
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
- G09G2300/0404—Matrix technologies
- G09G2300/0417—Special arrangements specific to the use of low carrier mobility technology
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
- G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
- G09G2300/0842—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
- G09G2310/0243—Details of the generation of driving signals
- G09G2310/0251—Precharge or discharge of pixel before applying new pixel voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
- G09G3/2018—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals
- G09G3/2022—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals using sub-frames
Definitions
- the driving method includes: a setting step of supplying an on-signal for causing the switching transistor to be in an on-state to the switching transistor via the scanning line, and of supplying a set signal for selecting a conducting state or a non-conducting state of the driving transistor to the driving transistor via the data line and the switching transistor in accordance with a period for which the on-signal is supplied; and a resetting step of supplying an on-signal for causing the reset transistor to be in an on-state to the reset transistor via the scanning line so as to reset the driving transistor to the non-conducting state.
- a gray-scale may be obtained by performing a plurality of set-reset operations, each set-reset operation including the setting step and the resetting step.
- the setting step the state of the electro-optical element is selected, and in the resetting step, the period for which the selected state is retained is determined.
- the set-reset operation is defined as the operation including the setting step and the resetting step.
- the electro-optical element may be an organic electro-luminescence element.
- a basic circuit used in an embodiment of the present invention includes a poly-crystal silicon thin-film transistor formed by a low-temperature process at 600°C or lower (low-temperature poly-Si TFT).
- the low-temperature poly-Si TFT can be formed on a large, inexpensive glass substrate, and can integrate a driving circuit on a panel. Accordingly, it is suitable for manufacturing an electro-optical device, such as a luminescence display device. Additionally, the low-temperature poly-Si TFT is small, but has a high current supplying power. Accordingly, it is suitable for use in a high-precision current luminescence display device.
- the present invention is also applicable to an electro-optical device driven by other types of transistors, such as an amorphous silicon thin-film transistor (a-Si TFT), a silicon-based transistor, and an organic thin-film transistor using an organic semiconductor.
- An impurity such as phosphorus or boron, is implanted into the poly-crystalline silicon layer 2 by using the gate electrodes 4 according to a self-alignment process so as to form MOS transistors 5a and 5b.
- the MOS transistors 5a and 5b are a p-type transistor and an n-type transistor, respectively.
- the reset transistor is not shown in Fig. 5.
- contact holes are formed, and a source electrode and a drain electrode 7 are formed (Fig. 5(c)).
- a second interlayer insulating film 8 contact holes are formed, and a pixel electrode 9 comprising ITO is formed (Fig. 5(d)).
- an organic electro-luminescence element is manufactured (Fig. 6(b)).
- the roles of the adhesion layer 10 are to improve the adhesion between the substrate and the interlayer 11 and also to obtain an accurate luminescence area.
- the roles of the interlayer 11 are to reduce the parasitic capacitance by separating the gate electrodes 4, the source electrodes, and the drain electrodes 7 from the anode 14, and also to perform precise patterning by controlling the surface wettability when forming the electron-hole implantation layer 12 and the luminescent layer 13 by a liquid-phase process.
- Fig. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the configuration of a mobile personal computer to which the above-described electro-optical device is applied.
- a personal computer 1100 includes a main unit 1104 provided with a keyboard 1102, and a display unit 1106.
- the display unit 1106 is provided with the above-described electro-optical device 100.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Control Of El Displays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention seeks to provide a method for
implementing a gray-scale display of an electro-optical
device according to a time ratio gray-scale method without
providing reset lines. In an electro-optical device
comprising, at an intersection of a scanning line and a data
line, an electro-optical element, a driving transistor for
driving the electro-optical element, a switching transistor
for controlling the driving transistor, and a reset
transistor having the function of resetting the driving
transistor to a non-conducting state, a gray-scale is
obtained by performing a plurality of set-reset operations,
each set-reset operation comprising: a setting step of
supplying an on-signal to the switching transistor via the
scanning line, and of supplying a set signal for selecting a
conducting state or a non-conducting state of the driving
transistor to the driving transistor via the data line and
the switching transistor in accordance with the on-signal;
and a resetting step of supplying an on-signal for the reset
transistor via the scanning line so as to reset the driving
transistor to the non-conducting state.
Description
The present invention relates to a driving method for
an organic electro-luminescence display device, a driving
method for an electro-optical device suitable for use with a
display device, such as an organic electro-luminescence
display device, an electro-optical device, and an electronic
apparatus provided with such an electro-optical device.
Attention is being given to organic electro-luminescence
display devices using organic materials as
luminescent materials of luminescent elements since they
have a wide viewing angle, and will potentially meet market
demands, i.e., demands for thinner, lighter, smaller, and
lower power-consuming display devices.
Unlike conventional liquid crystal display devices, in
organic electro-luminescence display devices, a luminescence
state of the luminescent element must be controlled by a
current. One such control method is the conductance control
method (T. Shimoda, M. Kimura, et al., Proc. Asia Display
98, 217; M. Kimura, et al., IEEE Trans. Ele. Dev. 46, 2282
(1999); M. Kimura, et al., Proc. IDW 99, 171; and M. Kimura
et al., Dig. AM-LCD 2000, to be published). In this method,
the luminescence state of the luminescent element is
controlled by a current value, which is an analog value, and
more specifically, it is controlled by changing the
potential applied to a gate electrode of a driving
transistor for driving the luminescent element. When thin-film
transistors having different current characteristics
are used, however, the difference in the current
characteristics of the individual transistors may sometimes
directly result in non-uniformity in the luminescence state
of the luminescent elements.
Accordingly, the area ratio gray-scale method (M.
Kimura, et al., Proc. Euro Display '99 Late-News Papers, 71,
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.9-233107,
M. Kimura, et al., Proc. IDW 99,171, M. Kimura, et
al, J. SID, to be published; and M. Kimura, et al., Dig. AM-LCD
2000 to be published) has been proposed. In the area
ratio gray-scale method, unlike the above-mentioned
conductance control method, the luminescence state of the
luminescent elements is controlled without using a
luminescence state at an intermediate luminance. More
specifically, in this method, the gray-scale is displayed as
follows. Pixels disposed in a matrix are divided into a
plurality of sub-pixels, and it is determined whether the
luminescent elements contained in the sub-pixels are either
in a complete luminescence state or a complete non-luminescence
state. Then, among the plurality of sub-pixels,
the total area of the sub-pixels in the complete
luminescence state is changed. In the area ratio gray-scale
method, it is not necessary to set an intermediate current
value corresponding to the luminescence state of the
intermediate luminance. Accordingly, the influence of the
current characteristics of the transistors for driving the
luminescent elements can be reduced, thereby achieving a
uniform image quality. In this method, however, the number
of gray-scale levels is restricted by the number of sub-pixels.
For a greater number of gray-scale levels, pixels
must be divided into a greater number of sub-pixels, which
makes the pixel structure complicated.
Accordingly, the time ratio gray-scale method (M.
Kimura, et al., Proc. IDW 99, 171; M. Kimura, et al., Dig.
AM-LCD 2000, to be published; M. Mizukami, et al., Dig. SID
2000, 912; and K. Inukai, et al., Dig. SID 2000,924) has
been proposed. In the time ratio gray-scale method, the
representation of the gray-scale is implemented by changing
the period for which the luminescent elements in one frame
are in the complete luminescence state. Accordingly, unlike
the area ratio gray-scale method, it is not necessary to
provide many sub-pixels for obtaining a greater number of
gray-scale levels, and also, the time ratio gray-scale
method can be used together with the area ratio gray-scale
method. Thus, it is expected that the time ratio gray-scale
method will be a promising method for digitally displaying a
gray-scale.
However, in the SES (Simultaneous-Erasing-Scan) time
ratio gray-scale method, which is reported in "K. Inukai, et
al., Dig. SID 2000,924", in addition to the scanning lines,
reset lines are required, and thus, the luminescence area is
disadvantageously reduced.
Accordingly, a first object of the present invention is
to provide a method for implementing the representation of a
gray-scale of an electro-optical device without reset lines,
and in particular, to provide a method for implementing the
representation of the gray-scale of an electro-optical
device, such as an organic electro-luminescence display
device, according to the time ratio gray-scale method. A
second object of the present invention is to provide an
electro-optical device driven by the above-described driving
method.
In order to achieve the first object, a first driving
method for an electro-optical device according to the
present invention is a driving method for an electro-optical
device which includes, at an intersection of a scanning line
and a data line, an electro-optical element, a driving
transistor for driving the electro-optical element, a
switching transistor for controlling the driving transistor,
and a reset transistor for resetting the driving transistor
to a non-conducting state. The driving method includes: a
setting step of supplying an on-signal for causing the
switching transistor to be in an on-state to the switching
transistor via the scanning line, and of supplying a set
signal for selecting a conducting state or a non-conducting
state of the driving transistor to the driving transistor
via the data line and the switching transistor in accordance
with a period for which the on-signal is supplied; and a
resetting step of supplying an on-signal for causing the
reset transistor to be in an on-state to the reset
transistor via the scanning line so as to reset the driving
transistor to the non-conducting state. Accordingly, by
supplying the on-signal for the switching transistor and the
on-signal for the reset transistor via the same scanning
line, the luminescence period can suitably be set without a
reset line. In this specification, the electro-optical
element and the electro-optical device respectively indicate
an element and a device in which the luminescence state or
the optical characteristic is electrically controlled.
Specific examples of the electro-optical device include
display devices, such as luminescence display devices,
liquid crystal display devices, and electrophoretic display
devices.
Throughout the specification, the "step of supplying an
on-signal to the switching transistor via the scanning line,
and of supplying a set signal for selecting a conducting
state or a non-conducting state of the driving transistor to
the driving transistor via the data line and the switching
transistor in accordance with the on-signal" is defined as
the "setting step". The "step of resetting the driving
transistor to the non-conducting state by supplying an on-signal
for causing the reset transistor to be in the on-state
to the reset transistor via the scanning line" is
defined as the "resetting step".
According to a second driving method for an electro-optical
device of the present invention, in the above-described
driving method for an electro-optical device, the
electro-optical device may further include a power line for
supplying a current to the electro-optical element via the
driving transistor, and one end of the reset transistor may
be connected to the power line.
According to a third driving method for an electro-optical
device of the present invention, the conductivity
type of the switching transistor and the conductivity type
of the reset transistor may be different from each other.
More specifically, for example, if the switching transistor
is n-type, the reset transistor is p-type. If the switching
transistor is p-type, the reset transistor is n-type.
Accordingly, by suitably selecting a high-potential signal
or a low-potential signal, the switching transistor and the
reset transistor can be complementarily operated.
According to a fourth driving method for an electro-optical
device of the present invention, in the above-described
driving method for an electro-optical device, the
conductivity types of the switching transistor, the driving
transistor, and the reset transistor may be respectively n-type,
p-type, and p-type. That is, when a high-potential
scanning signal is supplied, the switching transistor enters
the on-state. When a low-potential scanning signal is
supplied, the reset transistor enters the on-state. Thus,
the switching transistor and the reset transistor can be
complementarily operated.
According to a fifth driving method for an electro-optical
device of the present invention, in the above-described
driving method for an electro-optical device, a
voltage VS corresponding to the on-signal for causing the
switching transistor to be in the on-state, a voltage VR
corresponding to the on-signal for causing the reset
transistor to be in the on-state, and a voltage V0
corresponding to an off-signal for causing both the
switching transistor and the reset transistor to be in an
off-state may satisfy a relational expression: VS > V0 > VR.
According to a sixth driving method for an electro-optical
device of the present invention, in the above-described
driving method for an electro-optical device, the
voltage VS, the voltage VR, and the voltage V0 may satisfy
relational expressions: -VS ≈ VR, and V0 = 0 V (voltages).
According to the driving methods for electro-optical devices
set forth in claims 5 and 6, only by setting three voltage
values, such as VS, V0, and VR, the on-off operation of the
switching transistor and the on-off operation of the reset
transistor can be performed.
According to a seventh driving method for an electro-optical
device of the present invention, in the above-described
driving method for an electro-optical device,
while the switching transistor is in the on-state, the reset
transistor is in the off-state, and, while the reset
transistor is in the on-state, the switching transistor is
in the off-state. With this arrangement, the state of the
electro-optical element and the period for which the
selected state is retained can precisely be set.
According to an eighth driving method for an electro-optical
device of the present invention, in the above-described
driving method for an electro-optical device, a
gray-scale may be obtained by setting a time interval
between the setting step and the resetting step. That is,
the time interval between the setting step and the resetting
step corresponds to the period for which the selected state
of the electro-optical element is retained. Thus, by
suitably setting this time interval, a gray-scale can be
obtained.
According to a ninth driving method for an electro-optical
device of the present invention, in the above-described
driving method for an electro-optical device, a
gray-scale may be obtained by performing a plurality of set-reset
operations, each set-reset operation including the
setting step and the resetting step. In the setting step,
the state of the electro-optical element is selected, and in
the resetting step, the period for which the selected state
is retained is determined. Thus, by repeating a plurality
of above-described set-reset operations, a multi-level gray-scale
can be obtained. Throughout this specification, the
set-reset operation is defined as the operation including
the setting step and the resetting step.
According to a tenth driving method for an electro-optical
device of the present invention, in the above-described
driving method for an electro-optical device, the
time interval between the setting step and the resetting
step may be different for each of the plurality of set-reset
operations.
According to an eleventh driving method for an electro-optical
device of the present invention, in the above-described
driving method for an electro-optical device, the
time interval between the setting step and the resetting
step for each of the plurality of set-reset operations may
be completely different from the others, and the ratio of
time intervals for the plurality of set-reset operations may
be about 1:2: .. :2n (n is an integer of one or more) based
on the minimum time interval. For example, if two set-reset
operations with a time interval ratio of 1:2 are performed,
four gray-scale levels, i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, can be displayed.
If two set-reset operations with a time interval ratio of
1:1 are performed, three gray-scale levels, i.e., 0, 1, and
2 can be displayed. That is, in this driving method for an
electro-optical device, a maximum number of gray-scale
levels can be obtained by a minimum number of set-reset
operations. The time interval ratio does not have to
precisely be 1:2: .. :2n (n is an integer of one or more),
and may be sufficient to such a degree to satisfy a required
gray-scale precision.
According to a twelfth driving method for an electro-optical
device of the present invention, in the above-described
driving method for an electro-optical device, the
set signal may be a signal for setting the driving
transistor to be in the conducting state rather than the
signal for selecting the conducting state or the non-conducting
state of the driving transistor. This means that
an intermediate conducting state other than the two states,
i.e., the conducting state and the non-conducting state, of
the driving transistor is selectable. This can be
implemented by supplying the set signal as a signal having
three or more consecutive or discrete values. This driving
method is effective for implementing many gray-scale levels.
According to a thirteenth driving method for an
electro-optical device of the present invention, in the
above-described driving method for an electro-optical
device, the electro-optical element may be an organic
electro-luminescence element. The organic electro-luminescence
element is a luminescent element using an
organic material as an electric-field luminescent material.
A first electro-optical device of the present invention
is driven by the above-described driving method for an
electro-optical device. That is, in this electro-optical
device, by supplying the on-signal for the switching
transistor and the on-signal for the reset transistor via
the same scanning line, the period for which the state of
the electro-optical element selected in the setting step can
suitably be set without a reset line.
A second electro-optical device of the present
invention is an electro-optical device including, at an
intersection of a scanning line and a data line, an electro-optical
element, a driving transistor for driving the
electro-optical element, a switching transistor for
controlling the driving transistor, and a reset transistor
for resetting the driving transistor to a non-conducting
state. The electro-optical device includes at least one
drive circuit for generating a signal for setting the
switching transistor and the reset transistor to be in an
on-state or an off-state, and for generating a signal for
setting the driving transistor in accordance with the signal
for setting the switching transistor to be in the on-state.
It is not essential that only the single drive circuit is
used for "generating a signal for setting the switching
transistor and the reset transistor to be in an on-state or
an off-state, and for generating a signal for setting the
driving transistor in accordance with the signal for setting
the switching transistor to be in the on-state". A
plurality of drive circuits may be used.
A third electro-optical device of the present invention
is an electro-optical device including, at an intersection
of a scanning line and a data line, an electro-optical
element, a driving transistor for driving the electro-optical
element, a switching transistor for controlling the
driving transistor, and a reset transistor for resetting the
driving transistor to a non-conducting state. The electro-optical
device includes: a scanning line driver for
supplying a signal for setting the switching transistor and
the reset transistor to be in an on-state or an off-state to
the scanning line; and a data line driver for supplying a
signal for setting the driving transistor to the data line
in accordance with an operation of the scanning line driver.
A fourth electro-optical device of the present
invention is an electro-optical device including, at an
intersection of a scanning line and a data line, an electro-optical
element, a driving transistor for driving the
electro-optical element, a switching transistor for
controlling the driving transistor, and a reset transistor
for resetting the driving transistor to a non-conducting
state. An on-signal for performing a setting step of
setting a display condition of the electro-optical element
is supplied to the switching transistor via the scanning
line, and an on-signal for performing a resetting step of
resetting a display condition of the electro-optical element
is supplied to the reset transistor via the scanning line.
In the above description, the definitions of the "setting
step" and the "resetting step" are substantially similar to
those of the setting step and the resetting step set forth
in claim 1.
In the above-described electro-optical device, a fifth
electro-optical device of the present invention may further
include a power line for supplying a current to the electro-optical
element via the driving transistor, and one end of
the reset transistor may be connected to the power line.
Accordingly, the first through fifth electro-optical devices
of the present invention do not require a reset line for
performing the time ratio gray-scale method.
Advantageously, therefore, it is possible to ensure a
sufficient display area. If more gray-scale levels are
required, the time ratio gray-scale method can be employed
with the area ratio gray-scale method by providing sub
pixels in the pixels of the electro-optical device.
According to a sixth electro-optical device of the
present invention, in the above-described electro-optical
device, the electro-optical element may be an organic
electro-luminescence element.
A first electronic apparatus of the present invention
is an electronic apparatus in which the above-described
electro-optical device is installed.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be
described by way of further example only and with reference
to the accompanying drawings, in which:-
Preferable embodiments of the present invention are
described below.
A basic circuit used in an embodiment of the present
invention includes a poly-crystal silicon thin-film
transistor formed by a low-temperature process at 600°C or
lower (low-temperature poly-Si TFT). The low-temperature
poly-Si TFT can be formed on a large, inexpensive glass
substrate, and can integrate a driving circuit on a panel.
Accordingly, it is suitable for manufacturing an electro-optical
device, such as a luminescence display device.
Additionally, the low-temperature poly-Si TFT is small, but
has a high current supplying power. Accordingly, it is
suitable for use in a high-precision current luminescence
display device. The present invention is also applicable to
an electro-optical device driven by other types of
transistors, such as an amorphous silicon thin-film
transistor (a-Si TFT), a silicon-based transistor, and an
organic thin-film transistor using an organic semiconductor.
The equivalent circuit of one pixel of an electro-optical
device according to an embodiment of the present
invention is shown in Fig. 1. In this electro-optical
device, a scanning line (S1), a data line (D1), and a power
line (V) are formed, and a luminescent element (L11), a
driving transistor (DT11) for driving the luminescent
element (L11), a switching transistor (ST11) for controlling
the driving transistor (DT11), a reset transistor (RT11) for
resetting the driving transistor (DT11), and a capacitor
(C11) are provided at the intersection of the scanning line
(S1) and the data line (D1). One end of the luminescent
element (L11) is connected to an anode (A). The driving
transistor (DT11) is p-type. Accordingly, the driving
transistor (DT11) enters a conducting state selected by a
low-potential data signal to cause the luminescent element
(L11) to be in the luminescence state. In contrast, the
driving transistor (DT11) enters a non-conducting state by a
selected high-potential data signal to cause the luminescent
element (L11) to be in the non-luminescence state. In the
pixel equivalent circuit shown in Fig. 1, the switching
transistor (ST11), the driving transistor (DT11), and the
reset transistor (RT11) are n-type, p-type, and p-type;
respectively. However, this is not a limitation to
implement the present invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates the wiring and the pixel arrangement
of an electro-optical device according to an embodiment of
the present invention. Pixels are arranged in a matrix by a
plurality of scanning lines (S1, S2, ....) and a plurality
of data lines (D1, D2, ....), and a plurality of pixels are
formed at corresponding intersections of the scanning lines
and the data lines. For example, a pixel 11 is provided at
the intersection of S1 and D1. Basically, the pixel
includes a switching transistor (ST11), a reset transistor
(RT11), a capacitor (C11), a driving transistor (DT11), and
a luminescent element (L11), such as those shown in Fig. 1.
However, the pixel may include a plurality of sub-pixels. A
power line (V) is not shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 illustrates a driving method for an electro-optical
device which includes the circuit shown in Fig. 1
and the pixel arrangement shown in Fig. 2 according to an
embodiment of the present invention. A first scanning
signal SS(S1) is supplied to the first scanning line (S1).
A second scanning signal SS(S2) is supplied to the second
scanning line (S2). A third scanning signal SS(S3) is
supplied to the third scanning line (S3). A first data
signal DS(D1) is supplied to the first data line (D1). A
second data signal DS(D2) is supplied to the second data
line (D2). A third data signal DS(D3) is supplied to the
third data line (D3).
In this embodiment, the switching transistor (ST11),
the driving transistor (D11), and the reset transistor
(RT11) are n-type, p-type, and p-type, respectively.
Accordingly, a high-potential scanning signal serves as an
on-signal for causing the switching signal to enter the
conducting state. Then, a low-potential set signal
indicated by the hatched portions in Fig. 3 is supplied in
accordance with the on-signal for the switching transistor.
According to this setting step, the driving transistor
enters the conducting state so as to cause the luminescent
element to emit light. In contrast, the low-potential
scanning signal serves as an on-signal for the reset
transistor. According to this resetting step, a high
potential is applied to the p-type driving transistor from
the power line via the reset transistor so as to cause the
driving transistor to enter the non-conducting state. Thus,
the luminescence element enters the non-luminescence state.
The luminescence periods E1, E2, and E3 are defined by
the time interval between the setting step and the resetting
step. The ratio of the luminescence periods E1, E2, and E3
is set to be about 1:2:4. As a result, eight gray-scale
levels, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, are obtained.
In this embodiment, the set-reset operations are
sequentially performed such that the time interval between
the setting step and the resetting step is increased.
However, the set-reset operations do not have to be
performed in this order, and it can be performed according
to the circumstances of the use or the specifications. It
may take some time for the transistor or the luminescent
element to respond to the corresponding signal.
Accordingly, as shown in Fig. 3, the start time and the end
time of the luminescence period may be displaced from the
start of the setting step and the start of the resetting
step, respectively. In Fig. 3, the period for which the on-signal
for the switching transistor is supplied coincides
with the period for which the set signal is supplied.
However, depending on the circumstances of the use or the
specifications, the on-signal does not always have to
coincide with the set signal.
Fig. 4 illustrates the current characteristics of the
luminescent element according to an embodiment of the
present invention. The horizontal axis represents the
control potential (Vsig) supplied to the gate electrode of
the driving transistor, and the vertical axis designates the
current value (IIep) of the organic electro-luminescence
element. The current value and the luminance of the organic
electro-luminescence element are substantially proportional
to each other. Thus, it can be considered that the vertical
axis also indicates the luminance. In this embodiment, it
is preferable that the organic electro-luminescence element
is unambiguously controlled to be in either the on state or
the off state. When the electro-luminescence element is
unambiguously in the on state or in the off state, the
current value (IIep) is substantially constant even if the
transistor characteristics are changed. Thus, the current
value of the luminescent element does not change, and
accordingly, the luminance substantially becomes uniform.
Therefore, the image quality can be uniform.
Fig. 5 illustrates a manufacturing process for a thin-film
transistor for use in the electro-optical device
according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Amorphous silicon is first formed on a glass substrate 1 by
PECVD using SiH4 or by LPCVD using Si2H6. The amorphous
silicon is poly-crystallized by a laser, such as an excimer
laser, or by solid-phase growth, thereby forming a poly-crystalline
silicon layer 2 (Fig. 5(a)). After the poly-crystalline
silicon layer 2 is patterned, a gate insulating
film 3 is formed, and gate electrodes 4 are further formed
(Fig. 5(b)). An impurity, such as phosphorus or boron, is
implanted into the poly-crystalline silicon layer 2 by using
the gate electrodes 4 according to a self-alignment process
so as to form MOS transistors 5a and 5b. The MOS
transistors 5a and 5b are a p-type transistor and an n-type
transistor, respectively. The reset transistor is not shown
in Fig. 5. After a first interlayer insulating film 6 is
formed, contact holes are formed, and a source electrode and
a drain electrode 7 are formed (Fig. 5(c)). Then, after a
second interlayer insulating film 8 is formed, contact holes
are formed, and a pixel electrode 9 comprising ITO is formed
(Fig. 5(d)).
Fig. 6 illustrates a manufacturing process for pixels
used in the electro-optical device according to an
embodiment of the present invention. First, an adhesion
layer 10 is formed, and an opening corresponding to a
luminescent region is formed. An interlayer 11 is then
formed, and an opening is formed (Fig. 6(a)). Then, the
wettability of the substrate surface is controlled by
performing plasma processing using, for example, oxygen
plasma or CF4 plasma. Subsequently, an electron-hole
implantation layer 12 and a luminescent layer 13 are formed
by a liquid-phase process, such as a spin coating, squeegee,
or ink-jet process, or a vacuum process, such as sputtering
or deposition. An anode 14 containing metal, such as
aluminum, is then formed. Finally, a sealing layer 15 is
formed. Thus, an organic electro-luminescence element is
manufactured (Fig. 6(b)). The roles of the adhesion layer
10 are to improve the adhesion between the substrate and the
interlayer 11 and also to obtain an accurate luminescence
area. The roles of the interlayer 11 are to reduce the
parasitic capacitance by separating the gate electrodes 4,
the source electrodes, and the drain electrodes 7 from the
anode 14, and also to perform precise patterning by
controlling the surface wettability when forming the
electron-hole implantation layer 12 and the luminescent
layer 13 by a liquid-phase process.
Some examples of electronic apparatuses using the
above-described electro-optical device are described below.
Fig. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the configuration
of a mobile personal computer to which the above-described
electro-optical device is applied. In Fig. 7, a personal
computer 1100 includes a main unit 1104 provided with a
keyboard 1102, and a display unit 1106. The display unit
1106 is provided with the above-described electro-optical
device 100.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view illustrating a
configuration of a cellular telephone having a display unit
to which the aforementioned electro-optical device 100 is
applied. In Fig. 8, a cellular telephone 1200 includes, not
only a plurality of operation buttons 1202, but also the
above-described electro-optical device 100 together with an
earpiece 1204 and a mouthpiece 1206.
Fig. 9 is a perspective view illustrating a
configuration of a digital still camera having a finder to
which the above-described electro-optical device 100 is
applied. Fig. 9 also schematically illustrates the
connection of the digital still camera with external
devices. In a regular camera, a film is exposed to light by
an optical image of a subject. In a digital still camera
1300, however, an optical image of a subject is
photoelectrically converted by an image pickup device, such
as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device), so as to generate an
imaging signal. On the rear surface of a casing 1302 of the
digital still camera 1300, the aforementioned electro-optical
device 100 is provided to display the subject based
on the imaging signal obtained by the CCD. That is, the
electro-optical device 100 serves as a finder for displaying
the subject. On the observation side (on the reverse
surface in Fig. 9) of the casing 1302, a photodetector unit
1304 including an optical lens and a CCD is disposed.
A photographer checks the subject displayed on the
electro-optical device 100 and presses a shutter button
1306. Then, an imaging signal obtained by the CCD is
transferred to and stored in a memory of a circuit board
1308. In this digital still camera 1300, a video signal
output terminal 1312 and a data communication input/output
terminal 1314 are provided on the side surface of the casing
1302. Then, as shown in Fig. 9, a television monitor 1430
and a personal computer 1440 are connected to the video
signal output terminal 1312 and the data communication
input/output terminal 1314, respectively, as required. The
imaging signal stored in the memory of the circuit board
1308 is output to the television monitor 1430 or the
personal computer 1440 by a predetermined operation.
Electronic apparatuses to which the electro-optical
device 100 of the present invention is applicable include,
not only the personal computer shown in Fig. 7, the cellular
telephone shown in Fig. 8, and the digital still camera
shown in Fig. 9, but also a liquid crystal television, a
view-finder-type or direct-view-type video cassette
recorder, a car navigation system, a pager, an electronic
diary, a calculator, a word processor, a workstation, a
videophone, a POS terminal, a device provided with a touch
panel, for example. It is needless to say that the above-described
electro-optical device 100 is applicable to the
display units of these electronic apparatuses.
Claims (20)
- A driving method for an electro-optical device which comprises, at an intersection of a scanning line and a data line, an electro-optical element, a driving transistor for driving the electro-optical element, a switching transistor for controlling the driving transistor, and a reset transistor for resetting the driving transistor to a non-conducting state, the driving method comprising:a setting step of supplying an on-signal for causing the switching transistor to be in an on-state to the switching transistor via the scanning line, and of supplying a set signal for selecting a conducting state or a non-conducting state of the driving transistor to the driving transistor via the data line and the switching transistor in accordance with a period for which the on-signal is supplied; anda resetting step of supplying an on-signal for causing the reset transistor to be an on-state to the reset transistor via the scanning line so as to reset the driving transistor to the non-conducting state.
- A driving method for an electro-optical device according to claim 1, wherein the electro-optical device further comprises a power line for supplying a current to the electro-optical element via the driving transistor, and one end of the reset transistor is connected to the power line.
- A driving method for an electro-optical device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a conductivity type of the switching transistor and a conductivity type of the reset transistor are different from each other.
- A driving method for an electro-optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein conductivity types of the switching transistor, the driving transistor, and the reset transistor are respectively n-type, p-type, and p-type.
- A driving method for an electro-optical device according to claim 4, wherein a voltage VS corresponding to the on-signal for causing the switching transistor to be in the on-state, a voltage VR corresponding to the on-signal for causing the reset transistor to be in the on-state, and a voltage V0 corresponding to an off-signal for causing the switching transistor and the reset transistor to be in an off-state satisfy a relational expression: VS > V0 > VR.
- A driving method for an electro-optical device according to claim 5, wherein the voltage VS, the voltage VR, and the voltage V0 satisfy relational expressions: -VS ≈ VR, and V0 = 0 V (voltages).
- A driving method for an electro-optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, while the switching transistor is in the on-state, the reset transistor is in the off-state, and, while the reset transistor is in the on-state, the switching transistor is in the off-state.
- A driving method for an electro-optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a gray-scale is obtained by setting a time interval between the setting step and the resetting step.
- A driving method for an electro-optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a gray-scale is obtained by performing a plurality of set-reset operations, each set-reset operation comprising the setting step and the resetting step.
- A driving method for an electro-optical device according to claim 9, wherein the time interval between the setting step and the resetting step is different for each of the plurality of set-reset operations.
- A driving method for an electro-optical device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the time interval between the setting step and the resetting step for each of the plurality of set-reset operations is completely different fromthe others, and the ratio of time intervals for the plurality of set-reset operations is about 1:2: .. :2n (n is an integer of one or more) based on the minimum time interval.
- A driving method for an electro-optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the set signal is a signal for setting the driving transistor to the conducting state rather than the signal for selecting the conducting state or the non-conducting state of the driving transistor.
- A driving method for an electro-optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the electro-optical element comprises an organic electro-luminescence element.
- An electro-optical device driven by the driving method set forth in any one of claims 1 to 13.
- An electro-optical device including, at an intersection of a scanning line and a data line, an electro-optical element, a driving transistor for driving the electro-optical element, a switching transistor for controlling the driving transistor, and a reset transistor for resetting the driving transistor to a non-conducting state, the electro-optical device comprising at least one drive circuit for generating a signal for setting the switching transistor and the reset transistor to be in an on-state or an off-state, and for generating a signal for setting the driving transistor in accordance with the signal for setting the switching transistor to be in the on-state.
- An electro-optical device including, at an intersection of a scanning line and a data line, an electro-optical element, a driving transistor for driving the electro-optical element, a switching transistor for controlling the driving transistor, and a reset transistor for resetting the driving transistor to a non-conducting state, the electro-optical device comprising:a scanning line driver for supplying a signal for setting the switching transistor and the reset transistor to be in an on-state or an off-state to the scanning line; anda data line driver for supplying a signal for setting the driving transistor to the data line in accordance with an operation of the scanning line driver.
- An electro-optical device comprising, at an intersection of a scanning line and a data line, an electro-optical element, a driving transistor for driving the electro-optical element, a switching transistor for controlling the driving transistor, and a reset transistor for resetting the driving transistor to a non-conducting state,
wherein an on-signal for performing a setting step of setting the electro-optical element is supplied to the switching transistor via the scanning line, and an on-signal for performing a resetting step of resetting the electro-optical element is supplied to the reset transistor via the scanning line. - An electro-optical device according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the electro-optical device further comprises a power line for supplying a current to the electro-optical element via the driving transistor, and one end of the reset transistor is connected to the power line.
- An electro-optical device according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the electro-optical element comprises an organic electro-luminescence element.
- An electronic apparatus in which the electro-optical device set forth in any one of claims 14 to 19 is installed.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000300859 | 2000-09-29 | ||
| JP2000300859 | 2000-09-29 | ||
| JP2001294718A JP2002175048A (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2001-09-26 | Driving method of electro-optical device, electro-optical device, and electronic apparatus |
| JP2001294718 | 2001-09-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1193678A2 true EP1193678A2 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
| EP1193678A3 EP1193678A3 (en) | 2002-08-28 |
Family
ID=26601259
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01308340A Withdrawn EP1193678A3 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2001-09-28 | Driving method for electro-optical device, electro-optical device, and electronic apparatus |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1193678A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002175048A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100457832B1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI271117B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1372136A1 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2003-12-17 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Scan driver and a column driver for active matrix display device and corresponding method |
| WO2004109644A1 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2004-12-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Display device addressing method |
| US7928945B2 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2011-04-19 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Display device and driving method thereof |
| US9093571B2 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2015-07-28 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Display device and electronic device using the same |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004095671A (en) * | 2002-07-10 | 2004-03-25 | Seiko Epson Corp | Thin film transistor, switching circuit, active element substrate, electro-optical device, electronic device, thermal head, droplet discharge head, printing device, thin film transistor driven light emitting display device |
| JP2004139042A (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-05-13 | Seiko Epson Corp | Electronic circuit, electro-optical device, method of driving electro-optical device, and electronic apparatus |
| JP4172250B2 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2008-10-29 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Electro-optical device, driving method of electro-optical device, and electronic apparatus |
| JP4618986B2 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2011-01-26 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | Display device |
| JP4646187B2 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2011-03-09 | 東北パイオニア株式会社 | Light emitting display device and drive control method thereof |
| DE102005056255A1 (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2007-06-06 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Circuit device with overhead buck transistor |
| EP1806724A3 (en) | 2006-01-07 | 2009-10-07 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device, display device and electronic device |
| JP4994022B2 (en) * | 2006-01-07 | 2012-08-08 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | Semiconductor device |
| JP5151172B2 (en) * | 2007-02-14 | 2013-02-27 | ソニー株式会社 | Pixel circuit and display device |
| JP5244879B2 (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2013-07-24 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | Display device |
| JP6041286B2 (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2016-12-07 | 株式会社Ｊｏｌｅｄ | Display device and driving method thereof |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2571614B2 (en) * | 1988-10-12 | 1997-01-16 | シャープ株式会社 | Display device drive circuit |
| US5798746A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1998-08-25 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display device |
| JPH08201769A (en) * | 1995-01-24 | 1996-08-09 | Canon Inc | Liquid crystal display |
| JP3834086B2 (en) * | 1995-11-06 | 2006-10-18 | シャープ株式会社 | Matrix type display device and driving method thereof |
| US6489952B1 (en) * | 1998-11-17 | 2002-12-03 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Active matrix type semiconductor display device |
| US7193594B1 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2007-03-20 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Display device |
| JP3838063B2 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2006-10-25 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Driving method of organic electroluminescence device |
-
2001
- 2001-09-26 JP JP2001294718A patent/JP2002175048A/en active Pending
- 2001-09-27 KR KR10-2001-0060085A patent/KR100457832B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-28 EP EP01308340A patent/EP1193678A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-09-28 TW TW090124198A patent/TWI271117B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1372136A1 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2003-12-17 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Scan driver and a column driver for active matrix display device and corresponding method |
| CN100423060C (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2008-10-01 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Electronic device, driving method of electronic device, and electronic instrument |
| US7928945B2 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2011-04-19 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Display device and driving method thereof |
| US8643591B2 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2014-02-04 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Display device and driving method thereof |
| WO2004109644A1 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2004-12-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Display device addressing method |
| US9093571B2 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2015-07-28 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Display device and electronic device using the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2002175048A (en) | 2002-06-21 |
| EP1193678A3 (en) | 2002-08-28 |
| KR20020025775A (en) | 2002-04-04 |
| TWI271117B (en) | 2007-01-11 |
| KR100457832B1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
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