EP1190786B1 - Method of hydroforming of plates and apparatus for carrying out the same - Google Patents
Method of hydroforming of plates and apparatus for carrying out the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1190786B1 EP1190786B1 EP01450017A EP01450017A EP1190786B1 EP 1190786 B1 EP1190786 B1 EP 1190786B1 EP 01450017 A EP01450017 A EP 01450017A EP 01450017 A EP01450017 A EP 01450017A EP 1190786 B1 EP1190786 B1 EP 1190786B1
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- Prior art keywords
- punch
- blank
- blank holder
- die
- cavity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
- B21D22/205—Hydro-mechanical deep-drawing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the manufacture of metal elements by deformation by pressure of a fluid, or hydroforming and more particularly the manufacture, by this technique, of sheets.
- Hydroforming is a well known technique that allows, in one of its main modes of implementation, to deform a sheet maintained on its periphery between a hollow matrix and a blank holder, by depression using a punch of the sheet in the cavity of the matrix, a fluid under pressure, such as water, being fed into the cavity to press the sheet against the punch.
- a fluid under pressure such as water
- This forming process allows the realization of bosses and shapes complex. Indeed, the existence of a high back pressure, generated by the fluid present in the matrix makes it possible to strongly press the blank against the punch and faithfully reproduce on it all these bosses and shapes complex.
- reinforcements may be provided consisting of pieces of the same kind as the blank, which are cut to the desired shape and placed at the places that one wants to reinforce. These parts may be welded in advance or arranged in such a way as to be welded to the diffusion blank, prior to hydroforming, if this technical. This way of operating is appropriate in simple cases, but for complex parts, it requires precise cutting and fixing to suitable places, a large number of reinforcements. A more study precise stress often requires reinforcements to have thicknesses different from each other which complicates the work.
- the stamping force is significantly higher than the effort strictly necessary for deformation of the material. Indeed, the displacement of the stamping punch assumes a proportional force to section and pressure. The total effort to put in work is the sum of the stamping effort plus the effort needed to defeat the against pressure. The stamping effort can become negligible in front of the back pressure force. It is therefore necessary to use very machines powerful to be able to manufacture parts by a forming process hydraulic.
- This effect occurs when the games between the punch and the blanks are important. It corresponds to a swallowing of matter caused by the against-pressure prevailing in the cavity of the matrix. Indeed, the back pressure prevailing in the cavity being strong, the material is repelled and insinuates itself into the space between the blanks and the punch. He is then forms a fold of material likely to be pinched during the descent of the punch and thus be weakened. The completed part can possibly be to break the right of this fold, under a constraint imposed during its use normal.
- the present invention aims precisely to remedy this effect "sock" by proposing a hydroforming process avoiding the formation of folds between blanks and punch.
- the subject of the invention is a process for hydroforming sheet metal, in which a blank is fixed with a blank-holder on a matrix provided with a cavity for stamping said blank with a punch penetrating the matrix, characterized in that during the phase stamping, the game between punch and blank holder is modified to contain it in a range of values preventing between said punch and die the formation of fold, in function of one and / or the other of the following parameters: fluid pressure in the cavity of the matrix and position of the punch relative to the matrix.
- control of the game between punch and blank holder is realized by a modulation of the geometry of the parts opposite said punch and said blank holder during stamping, said modulation occurring either during the entire duration of the stamping, ie during an initial phase of said stamping, followed by the establishment of a permanent minimum clearance.
- only one of the two elements -poin affair and serre-flan- is equipped with a variable geometry part.
- the method applies to matrices whose cavity is connected or not to a source of fluid, preferably a liquid, of back pressure.
- the invention also relates to a device for the implementation of the above method, comprising a cavity matrix capable of receiving a stamping punch of a metal blank fixed on the die using of a blank holder, characterized in that it comprises means for modifying the play between punch and blank holder during the stamping operation.
- FIGS. 1a to 1c illustrate the phenomenon known as "sock effect" inherent to the hydroforming process applied to sheet metal stamping metal.
- the blank 1 to be shaped is tightened peripherally with the aid of a blank holder 2 around the periphery of a cavity 3 formed in a die 4 and a punch 5 is applied to the blank 1.
- part 1a of the blank situated between the blank holder 2 and the punch 5 is pushed by the back pressure prevailing in the cavity 3 thus causing a ply blank due to excess material between the blank holder and the punch.
- the aim of the invention is to remedy this drawback by proposing a method of hydroforming avoiding, at the beginning of stamping, the creation of surplus material between blank and punch leading to the formation of a fold.
- This adaptation is made taking into account the morphology of the blank and punch, the nature and thickness of the blank and in function against the pressure exerted on the face of the blank opposite the punch and / or the position of the punch relative to the matrix.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a first embodiment of the method of the invention according to which the clearance between the blank holder 2 'and the punch 5' is modulated by a modification of the geometry of the blank holder, particularly in depending on the stamping depth of the punch 5 '.
- blank holder 2 ' is meant a device consisting of one or more associated parts in order to ensure the firm sealing of the periphery of the flan 1 against the periphery of the cavity 3 'of the matrix 4' during stamping.
- the 2 'blank holder so that it has a variable geometry in realizing said blank holder 2 'in the form of an assembly of a fixed part 2'a and a part mobile 2'b, interposed between the fixed part 2'a and the blank 1 and likely to sliding in a plane parallel to that of the blank 1.
- Said mobile part 2'b is for example constituted of a flat segment, extending over at least part of the periphery of the cavity 3 'and movable following the double arrow F, so as to get closer or move away from the punch 5 ', over a suitable distance, by means provided for that purpose and symbolized in 6.
- the moving part 2'b of the blank holder 2 ' is brought closer to the punch 5' to form a reduced clearance between the portion 5'a of the punch and the slice in look, beveled in correspondence with the average inclination of the part 5'a, of the mobile segment 2'b.
- This game is of course scalable depending on the instantaneous position punch 5 'relative to the matrix 4' and will be driven by a withdrawal progressive, programmed, 2'b segment as and when depressed punch 5 'in the die 4'.
- this game can be kept constant and, for example, equal to the minimum clearance j between the blank holder 2 'and the side of the punch 5', but can be modified, continuously or in increments, while being contained in a predetermined range of values.
- the maximum deformation of the blank in the zone between the blank holder 2 'and punch 5 ' will be a small wave 1b of the type shown in the figure 2 and which is not subject to degradation by clamping and rolling between blanks and punch as in the case of Figures 1a to 1c.
- the sheet thus formed will therefore have no weakened zone.
- the displacement of the part 2'b concomitant with the descent of punch 5 ' can be achieved by servoing the part 2'b to the race punch 5 'or simply by mechanical pushing by the punch 5' of Part 2'b using an appropriate means.
- FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the method of the invention of giving the part of the punch 5 "opposite the blank holder 2 "a variable geometry, said blank holder 2" being of configuration fixed.
- the punch 5 is provided peripherally with a plurality of housings each receiving a retractable cam 7 hinged about an axis 8 parallel to the plane of the blank 1.
- Each cam 7 is retractable inside the punch 5 "and its face 7a is shaped in correspondence with that of the punch so in the final stamping position, said outer face 7a of the cam is in the continuity of the face 5 "a punch to give the blank 1 the shape planned.
- the position of the cams 7 is determined in correspondence with the position of the punch 5 "relative to the matrix 4 '.
- Correspondence can be ensured as represented by mechanical pushing of the cam 7 as and when the descent of the punch 5 ", via a return slide 9 having a face 10 inclined at 45 ° cooperating with a corresponding inclined face 11 shaped on the blank holder 2 "and a rotation control arm 12 of the cam 7, via a gear system (not shown).
- the punch 5 "and the return slide 9 are pressed simultaneously against the blank 1 and the blank holder 2 "by the upper plate 13 of the press.
- the cam 7 is at the maximum output to reduce the clearance between punch and blank holder, which play is, as indicated above in relation to Figure 2, maximum at this stage procedure.
- the face 10 of the slider is then in the upper part of the face fixed 11.
- This game between 2 "and 5" punch can be contained in a determined range of values, the game at the end of the punch stroke being be the minimum clearance between 2 "blank and 5" punch.
- Figure 3 shows the device of Figure 3 at the end of stamping.
- the cam 7 can, by sliding on the side opposite the 2 "blanket, get up as the punch goes down.
- the cam 7 has an extension in the direction 2 "flank forming a finger cooperating with the face of the blank forming cam.
- FIG. 4 illustrates yet another embodiment of the method of the invention to change the geometry of the part of the punch 5 '' 'in look at the 2 '' 'blanket using an inflatable bladder 14 housed inside punch on its periphery, in a suitable annular housing.
- the bladder 14 is connected by a pipe 16 to a source of fluid under pressure, preferably a liquid, and is disposed in the housing 15 so as to protrude from the front face 5 "'of the punch in a manner controlled by the pressure of the fluid sent into the bladder.
- a source of fluid under pressure preferably a liquid
- the game between punch 5 '' 'and blank holder 2' '' at the height of the blank 1 is, as illustrated by the figure 4, much more important than the minimum game j.
- This game is reduced substantially by sufficiently inflating the bladder 14 so that it overflows of its housing 15 to substitute its projecting portion 14a for punch 5 '' 'to push back the blank and throttle the passage between blanks 2' '' and 5 '' 'punch.
- the bladder 14 whose pressure of the supply fluid is slaved to the displacement of said punch or possibly at the pressure prevailing in the cavity 3 ', retracts to completely retract into its housing 15, its portion 14a flush with the face surrounding 5 "'has punch.
- Figure 4 shows the device of Figure 4 at the end of stamping.
- the invention is obviously not limited to the embodiments represented and described above, but on the contrary covers all variants, in particular as regards the means for creating a game adjustable in spacing between one of the two bodies-side-blank and punch-in taking one of them as a fixed reference of the game and configuring the other with a variable geometry controlled, enslaved or linked in particular to the punch stroke and / or pressure in the die cavity.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention a trait à la fabrication d'éléments métalliques par déformation par pression d'un fluide, ou hydroformage et plus particulièrement à la fabrication, par cette technique, de tôles.The present invention relates to the manufacture of metal elements by deformation by pressure of a fluid, or hydroforming and more particularly the manufacture, by this technique, of sheets.
L'hydroformage est une technique bien connue qui permet, dans l'un de ses modes principaux de mise en oeuvre, de déformer une tôle maintenue sur sa périphérie entre une matrice creuse et un serre-flan, par enfoncement à l'aide d'un poinçon de la tôle dans la cavité de la matrice, un fluide sous pression, tel que de l'eau, étant envoyé dans la cavité pour plaquer la tôle contre le poinçon.Hydroforming is a well known technique that allows, in one of its main modes of implementation, to deform a sheet maintained on its periphery between a hollow matrix and a blank holder, by depression using a punch of the sheet in the cavity of the matrix, a fluid under pressure, such as water, being fed into the cavity to press the sheet against the punch.
Ce procédé de formage permet la réalisation de bossages et de formes complexes. En effet, l'existence d'une contre-pression élevée, engendrée par le fluide présent dans la matrice, permet de plaquer fortement le flan contre le poinçon et de reproduire fidèlement sur celui-ci tous ces bossages et formes complexes.This forming process allows the realization of bosses and shapes complex. Indeed, the existence of a high back pressure, generated by the fluid present in the matrix makes it possible to strongly press the blank against the punch and faithfully reproduce on it all these bosses and shapes complex.
Il permet, de plus, d'éviter les déformations localisées qui entraínent de forts amincissements de la tôle initiale et nécessitent la mise en oeuvre d'importantes opérations locales de polissage. Elle permet donc, de donner de meilleures prévisions à partir des courbes limites de formage. En complément, avec ce procédé, il n'y a pratiquement pas de retour élastique du matériau.It also makes it possible to avoid localized deformations which lead to strong thinning of the initial sheet and require the implementation important local polishing operations. It allows, therefore, to give better forecasts from forming limit curves. In addition, with this method, there is practically no springback of the material.
Néanmoins, on a constaté que, lorsqu'un flan est formé grâce au procédé d'hydroformage, il tend quand même à s'amincir dans les parties qui correspondent aux angles, aux plis ou autres changements de direction et que pour cette raison, les éléments ainsi formés présentent une résistance affaiblie dans ces parties, qui peuvent, cependant, être des parties fortement sollicitées à l'usage.Nevertheless, it has been found that when a blank is formed hydroforming process, it tends to thin in the parts that angles, folds or other changes of direction and that for this reason, the elements thus formed have a weakened resistance in those parts, which may, however, be highly demanded parties in use.
Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, on peut prévoir des renforts constitués de pièces de la même nature que le flan, qui sont découpées à la forme voulue et placées aux endroits que l'on veut renforcer. Ces pièces peuvent être soudées au préalable ou disposées de façon à venir se souder au flan par diffusion, préalablement à l'hydroformage, si on emploie cette technique. Cette manière d'opérer convient dans les cas simples, mais, pour des pièces complexes, elle impose de découper avec précision et de fixer aux endroits convenables, un nombre important de renforts. Une étude plus précise de sollicitations impose souvent que les renforts aient des épaisseurs différentes les unes des autres ce qui complique le travail.To remedy this drawback, reinforcements may be provided consisting of pieces of the same kind as the blank, which are cut to the desired shape and placed at the places that one wants to reinforce. These parts may be welded in advance or arranged in such a way as to be welded to the diffusion blank, prior to hydroforming, if this technical. This way of operating is appropriate in simple cases, but for complex parts, it requires precise cutting and fixing to suitable places, a large number of reinforcements. A more study precise stress often requires reinforcements to have thicknesses different from each other which complicates the work.
Une autre solution, proposée dans le brevet FR 2 647 373, consiste à
donner au flan une épaisseur non constante de manière à ce que la pièce
obtenue après formage présente en tout point l'épaisseur désirée. Ainsi, avant
sa déformation, les parties du flan qui présentent une épaisseur plus grande
que le reste du flan constituent des réserves de matière qui, lors de la
déformation, compensent l'amincissement du flan dans toutes les parties où il
était observé.Another solution, proposed in
Par ailleurs, dans le procédé d'hydroformage, l'effort d'emboutissage est nettement plus élevé que l'effort strictement nécessaire à la déformation de la matière. En effet, le déplacement du poinçon d'emboutissage suppose un effort proportionnel à la section et à la pression. L'effort total à mettre en oeuvre est la somme de l'effort d'emboutissage plus l'effort dû pour vaincre la contre-pression. L'effort d'emboutissage peut devenir négligeable devant l'effort de contre-pression. Il est donc nécessaire d'utiliser des machines très puissantes pour pouvoir fabriquer des pièces par un procédé de formage hydraulique.Moreover, in the hydroforming process, the stamping force is significantly higher than the effort strictly necessary for deformation of the material. Indeed, the displacement of the stamping punch assumes a proportional force to section and pressure. The total effort to put in work is the sum of the stamping effort plus the effort needed to defeat the against pressure. The stamping effort can become negligible in front of the back pressure force. It is therefore necessary to use very machines powerful to be able to manufacture parts by a forming process hydraulic.
Pour résoudre ce problème, il a été proposé par le brevet FR 2 723 867
un procédé d'emboutissage hydraulique d'un flan métallique consistant à
placer le flan sur une matrice possédant une chambre centrale pour permettre
l'emboutissage au moyen d'un poinçon pénétrant dans la chambre de la
matrice et agissant sur une première face du flan et en utilisant la
contre-pression hydraulique prévue sur la deuxième face du flan par un liquide
placé dans a chambre de la matrice. Selon ce procédé, le volume dans la
chambre est constant ou presque constant. Le poinçon est fixe par rapport à
un bâti et c'est la matrice qui est mobile en translation pour que le poinçon
pénètre dans la chambre de la matrice. Dans la mise en oeuvre du procédé, le
fond de la chambre est constitué d'un piston fixe coulissant axialement dans
la matrice, ce piston étant d'une section équivalente à celle du poinçon. Ceci
permet d'obtenir un volume constant dans la chambre centrale de la matrice.To solve this problem, it has been proposed by the
Cependant, ces diverses techniques n'éliminent pas pour autant l'effet dit "chaussette" inhérent au principe de l'hydroformage.However, these various techniques do not eliminate the effect said "sock" inherent in the principle of hydroforming.
Cet effet se manifeste lorsque les jeux entre le poinçon et les serre-flans sont importants. Il correspond à un avalement de matière provoqué par la contre-pression régnant dans la cavité de la matrice. En effet, la contre-pression régnant dans la cavité étant forte, la matière est repoussée et s'insinue dans l'espace qui existe entre les serre-flans et le poinçon. Il se forme alors un pli de matière risquant d'être pincé lors de la descente du poinçon et d'être ainsi fragilisé. La pièce réalisée peut éventuellement se rompre au droit de ce pli, sous une contrainte imposée lors de son utilisation normale.This effect occurs when the games between the punch and the blanks are important. It corresponds to a swallowing of matter caused by the against-pressure prevailing in the cavity of the matrix. Indeed, the back pressure prevailing in the cavity being strong, the material is repelled and insinuates itself into the space between the blanks and the punch. He is then forms a fold of material likely to be pinched during the descent of the punch and thus be weakened. The completed part can possibly be to break the right of this fold, under a constraint imposed during its use normal.
La présente invention vise précisément à remédier à cet effet "chaussette" en proposant un procédé d'hydroformage évitant la formation de plis entre serre-flans et poinçon.The present invention aims precisely to remedy this effect "sock" by proposing a hydroforming process avoiding the formation of folds between blanks and punch.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé d'hydroformage de tôles, dans lequel on fixe un flan à l'aide d'un serre-flan sur une matrice munie d'une cavité en vue de l'emboutissage dudit flan à l'aide d'un poinçon pénétrant dans la matrice, caractérisé en ce que durant la phase d'emboutissage, on modifie le jeu entre poinçon et serre-flan pour le contenir dans une plage de valeurs empêchant entre lesdits poinçon et matrice la formation de pli, en fonction de l'un et/ou l'autre des paramètres suivants : pression du fluide dans la cavité de la matrice et position du poinçon par rapport à la matrice. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a process for hydroforming sheet metal, in which a blank is fixed with a blank-holder on a matrix provided with a cavity for stamping said blank with a punch penetrating the matrix, characterized in that during the phase stamping, the game between punch and blank holder is modified to contain it in a range of values preventing between said punch and die the formation of fold, in function of one and / or the other of the following parameters: fluid pressure in the cavity of the matrix and position of the punch relative to the matrix.
Avantageusement, le contrôle du jeu entre poinçon et serre-flan est réalisé par une modulation de la géométrie des parties en regard dudit poinçon et dudit serre-flan pendant l'emboutissage, ladite modulation s'effectuant soit durant toute la durée de l'emboutissage, soit pendant une phase initiale dudit emboutissage, suivie de l'établissement d'un jeu minimal permanent.Advantageously, the control of the game between punch and blank holder is realized by a modulation of the geometry of the parts opposite said punch and said blank holder during stamping, said modulation occurring either during the entire duration of the stamping, ie during an initial phase of said stamping, followed by the establishment of a permanent minimum clearance.
De préférence, un seul des deux éléments -poinçon et serre-flan- est muni d'une partie à géométrie variable.Preferably, only one of the two elements -poinçon and serre-flan- is equipped with a variable geometry part.
Le procédé s'applique à des matrices dont la cavité est reliée ou non à une source de fluide, de préférence un liquide, de contre-pression.The method applies to matrices whose cavity is connected or not to a source of fluid, preferably a liquid, of back pressure.
L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé ci-dessus, comprenant une matrice à cavité susceptible de recevoir un poinçon d'emboutissage d'un flan métallique fixé sur la matrice à l'aide d'un serre-flan, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens pour modifier le jeu entre poinçon et serre-flan au cours de l'opération d'emboutissage.The invention also relates to a device for the implementation of the above method, comprising a cavity matrix capable of receiving a stamping punch of a metal blank fixed on the die using of a blank holder, characterized in that it comprises means for modifying the play between punch and blank holder during the stamping operation.
Divers modes de réalisation d'un tel dispositif vont être maintenant décrits en détail en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- la figure 1a à 1c sont des schémas illustrant l'effet de "chaussette" dans un dispositif d'hydroformage conventionnel ;
- la figure 2 illustre schématiquement un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'hydroformage selon l'invention ;
- la figure 2' représente le dispositif de la figure 2 en fin d'emboutissage ;
- la figure 3 illustre schématiquement un deuxième mode de réalisation ;
- la figure 3' représente le dispositif de la figure 3 en fin d'emboutisssage ;
- la figure 4 illustre schématiquement un troisième mode de réalisation, et
- la figure 4' représente le dispositif de la figure 4 en fin d'emboutissage.
- Figure 1a-1c are diagrams illustrating the effect of "sock" in a conventional hydroforming device;
- FIG. 2 diagrammatically illustrates a first embodiment of a hydroforming device according to the invention;
- Figure 2 'shows the device of Figure 2 at the end of stamping;
- Figure 3 schematically illustrates a second embodiment;
- Figure 3 'shows the device of Figure 3 at the end of stamping;
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a third embodiment, and
- Figure 4 'shows the device of Figure 4 at the end of stamping.
Les figures 1a à 1c illustrent le phénomène dit effet "chaussette" inhérent au procédé d'hydroformage appliqué à l'emboutissage des tôles métalliques.FIGS. 1a to 1c illustrate the phenomenon known as "sock effect" inherent to the hydroforming process applied to sheet metal stamping metal.
Le flan 1 à mettre en forme est serré périphériquement à l'aide d'un
serre-flan 2 sur le pourtour d'une cavité 3 ménagée dans une matrice 4 et un
poinçon 5 est appliqué sur le flan 1.The blank 1 to be shaped is tightened peripherally with the aid of a
La pression du poinçon 5 conjuguée à la contre-pression régnant dans la
cavité 3, elle-même alimentée ou non en fluide sous pression, plaque
fermement le flan contre la face avant du poinçon au cours de sa descente.The pressure of the
Au début de l'emboutissage (figure 1a), la partie 1a du flan située entre
le serre-flan 2 et le poinçon 5 est poussée par la contre-pression régnant dans
la cavité 3 provoquant ainsi une ébauche de pli due à un excédent de matière
entre le serre-flan et le poinçon.At the beginning of stamping (FIG. 1a),
Alors que le poinçon 5 continue à descendre (figure 1b), l'ébauche de
pli 1a se trouve coincée entre le serre-flan 2 et le poinçon 5, formant ainsi un
pli de matière qui va, en fin de descente du poinçon (figure 1c), être pincé au
maximum pour former un véritable repli, inévitablement fragilisé et qui est
susceptible de se rompre sous une contrainte imposée lors de l'utilisation
normale de la pièce constituée par le flan ainsi formé ou intégrant ce dernier.As
L'invention vise à remédier à cet inconvénient en proposant un procédé d'hydroformage évitant, en début d'emboutissage, la création d'excédent de matière entre serre-flan et poinçon conduisant à la formation d'un pli.The aim of the invention is to remedy this drawback by proposing a method of hydroforming avoiding, at the beginning of stamping, the creation of surplus material between blank and punch leading to the formation of a fold.
A cet effet, et conformément à l'invention, on va adapter le jeu entre serre-flan et poinçon pour le contenir dans une plage de valeurs empêchant la formation d'un pli tel que représenté en 1a sur les figures 1a à 1c.For this purpose, and according to the invention, we will adapt the game between blank holder and punch to hold it in a range of values preventing the forming a fold as shown in 1a in Figures 1a to 1c.
Cette adaptation est faite en tenant compte de la morphologie du serre-flan et du poinçon, de la nature et de l'épaisseur du flan et en fonction de la contre-pression exercée sur la face du flan opposée au poinçon et/ou de la position du poinçon par rapport à la matrice.This adaptation is made taking into account the morphology of the blank and punch, the nature and thickness of the blank and in function against the pressure exerted on the face of the blank opposite the punch and / or the position of the punch relative to the matrix.
Divers moyens peuvent être mis en oeuvre pour réaliser cette adaptation ou pilotage du jeu entre serre-flan et poinçon, notamment pendant la phase initiale de l'emboutissage. Various means can be implemented to achieve this adaptation or control of the game between blank and punch, especially during the phase initial stamping.
La figure 2 illustre un premier mode de mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention suivant lequel le jeu entre le serre-flan 2' et le poinçon 5' est modulé par une modification de la géométrie du serre-flan, notamment en fonction de la profondeur d'emboutissage du poinçon 5'.FIG. 2 illustrates a first embodiment of the method of the invention according to which the clearance between the blank holder 2 'and the punch 5' is modulated by a modification of the geometry of the blank holder, particularly in depending on the stamping depth of the punch 5 '.
Par serre-flan 2', on entend un dispositif constitué d'une ou plusieurs
pièces associées en sorte d'assurer le plaquage ferme de la périphérie du
flan 1 contre le pourtour de la cavité 3' de la matrice 4' lors de
l'emboutissage.By blank holder 2 'is meant a device consisting of one or more
associated parts in order to ensure the firm sealing of the periphery of the
Compte tenu de la forme de la tête du poinçon 5', laquelle présente en regard du serre-flan 2' une partie arrondie 5'a, il est évident qu'au départ de l'emboutissage, lorsque la face avant du poinçon entre en contact avec le flan 1, le jeu entre le serre-flan 2' et ladite partie 5'a est à ce moment maximal.Given the shape of the punch head 5 ', which presents in look at the blanket 2 'a rounded part 5'a, it is obvious that at the beginning of stamping, when the front face of the punch comes into contact with the blank 1, the game between the blank holder 2 'and said part 5'a is at this moment maximum.
Afin de réduire ce jeu et conformément à l'invention, on va configurer le serre-flan 2' en sorte qu'il ait une géométrie variable en réalisant ledit serre-flan 2' sous forme d'un assemblage d'une partie fixe 2'a et d'une partie mobile 2'b, interposée entre la partie fixe 2'a et le flan 1 et susceptible de coulissement dans un plan parallèle à celui du flan 1.In order to reduce this game and in accordance with the invention, we will configure the 2 'blank holder so that it has a variable geometry in realizing said blank holder 2 'in the form of an assembly of a fixed part 2'a and a part mobile 2'b, interposed between the fixed part 2'a and the blank 1 and likely to sliding in a plane parallel to that of the blank 1.
Ladite partie mobile 2'b est par exemple constitué d'un segment plat, s'étendant sur une partie au moins du pourtour de la cavité 3' et déplaçable suivant la double flèche F, en sorte de se rapprocher ou de s'éloigner du poinçon 5', sur une distance appropriée, à l'aide de moyens prévus à cet effet et symbolisés en 6.Said mobile part 2'b is for example constituted of a flat segment, extending over at least part of the periphery of the cavity 3 'and movable following the double arrow F, so as to get closer or move away from the punch 5 ', over a suitable distance, by means provided for that purpose and symbolized in 6.
Au début donc de la phase d'emboutissage et comme illustré par la figure 2, la partie mobile 2'b du serre-flan 2' est rapprochée du poinçon 5' pour former un jeu réduit entre la partie 5'a du poinçon et la tranche en regard, biseautée en correspondance avec l'inclinaison moyenne de ladite partie 5'a, du segment mobile 2'b.So at the beginning of the stamping phase and as illustrated by the FIG. 2, the moving part 2'b of the blank holder 2 'is brought closer to the punch 5' to form a reduced clearance between the portion 5'a of the punch and the slice in look, beveled in correspondence with the average inclination of the part 5'a, of the mobile segment 2'b.
Ce jeu est bien entendu évolutif en fonction de la position instantanée du poinçon 5' par rapport à la matrice 4' et sera piloté par un retrait progressif, programmé, du segment 2'b au fur et à mesure de l'enfoncement du poinçon 5' dans la matrice 4'. This game is of course scalable depending on the instantaneous position punch 5 'relative to the matrix 4' and will be driven by a withdrawal progressive, programmed, 2'b segment as and when depressed punch 5 'in the die 4'.
Il est à noter que ce jeu peut être maintenu constant et, par exemple, égal au jeu minimal j entre le serre-flan 2' et le flanc du poinçon 5', mais il peut être modifié, de manière continue ou par incréments, tout en étant contenu dans une plage de valeurs prédéterminée.It should be noted that this game can be kept constant and, for example, equal to the minimum clearance j between the blank holder 2 'and the side of the punch 5', but can be modified, continuously or in increments, while being contained in a predetermined range of values.
Le rapprochement du serre-flan mobile 2'b et du poinçon 5' étrangle
substantiellement le passage entre serre-flan et poinçon et ne laisse au flan 1
qu'un faible espace de fuite en sorte qu'en cet endroit le flan 1 ne se déforme
que sous une faible ondulation 1b, le reste 1c de la zone libre du flan entre
matrice 4' et poinçon 5' étant retenu par le serre-flan mobile 2'b.The approximation of the mobile blank holder 2'b and the punch 5 'strangles
substantially the passage between blank and punch and leaves blank 1
that a small space of leakage so that in this place the blank 1 does not deform
that under a
Au fur et à mesure de l'enfoncement du poinçon 5', la partie mobile 2'b va se retirer, si bien qu'à la fin de l'emboutissage (figure 2') ne subsiste plus entre le serre-flan et le poinçon que le jeu minimal j ou un jeu plus réduit si le retrait complet de la partie 2'b n'est pas commandé.As the punch 5 'is depressed, the moving part 2'b will withdraw, so that at the end of stamping (Figure 2 ') no longer exists between the blank holder and the punch that the minimum play j or a smaller game if the Complete removal of Part 2'b is not ordered.
Le maximum de déformation du flan dans la zone entre serre-flan 2' et
poinçon 5' sera donc une petite ondulation 1b du type représenté sur la figure
2 et qui n'est pas soumise à dégradation par pinçage et roulage entre serre-flan
et poinçon comme dans le cas des figures 1a à 1c.The maximum deformation of the blank in the zone between the blank holder 2 'and
punch 5 'will be a
La tôle ainsi formée ne comportera donc pas de zone fragilisée.The sheet thus formed will therefore have no weakened zone.
Le déplacement de la partie 2'b concomitant à la descente du poinçon 5' peut être réalisé par un asservissement de la partie 2'b à la course du poinçon 5' ou simplement par repoussage mécanique par le poinçon 5' de la partie 2'b à l'aide d'un moyen approprié.The displacement of the part 2'b concomitant with the descent of punch 5 'can be achieved by servoing the part 2'b to the race punch 5 'or simply by mechanical pushing by the punch 5' of Part 2'b using an appropriate means.
La figure 3 illustre un autre mode de mise en oeuvre du procédé de
l'invention consistant à donner à la partie du poinçon 5" en regard du
serre-flan 2" une géométrie variable, ledit serre-flan 2" étant de configuration
fixe.FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the method of
the invention of giving the part of the
A cet effet, le poinçon 5" est muni périphériquement d'une pluralité de
logements recevant chacun une came escamotable 7 articulée autour d'un axe
8 parallèle au plan du flan 1.For this purpose, the
Chaque came 7 est escamotable à l'intérieur du poinçon 5" et sa face
externe 7a est conformée en correspondance avec celle du poinçon en sorte
qu'en position finale d'emboutissage ladite face externe 7a de la came soit
dans la continuité de la face 5"a du poinçon pour donner au flan 1 la forme
prévue.Each
La position des cames 7 est déterminée en correspondance avec la
position du poinçon 5" par rapport à la matrice 4'.The position of the
La correspondance peut être assurée comme représentée par
repoussage mécanique de la came 7 au fur et à mesure de la descente du
poinçon 5", par l'intermédiaire d'un coulisseau de renvoi 9 présentant une
face 10 inclinée à 45° coopérant avec une face inclinée correspondante 11
conformée sur le serre-flan 2" et un bras 12 de commande de rotation de la
came 7, via un système à engrenages (non représenté).Correspondence can be ensured as represented by
mechanical pushing of the
Le poinçon 5" et le coulisseau de renvoi 9 sont pressés simultanément
contre le flan 1 et le serre-flan 2" par le plateau supérieur 13 de la presse.The
Au début de l'emboutissage, comme illustré par la figure 3, la came 7
est en sortie maximale pour réduire le jeu entre poinçon et serre-flan, lequel
jeu est, comme indiqué plus haut à propos de la figure 2, maximal à ce stade
opératoire.At the beginning of stamping, as shown in FIG. 3, the
La face 10 du coulisseau est alors dans la partie haute de la face
fixe 11.The
Un tel jeu réduit freine le fluage de matière entre poinçon et serre-flan
en sôrte qu'il ne se forme à cet endroit qu'une modeste ondulation 1d qui va
être contenue par la came 7 tout au long du déplacement du poinçon 5" dans
des limites suffisantes pour ne pas créer des dégradations locales des
propriétés mécaniques de la tôle ainsi formée.Such a reduced clearance slows the creep of material between punch and blank holder
in Sure that it is formed in this place only a
Au cours de ce déplacement, le coulisseau 9 va se déplacer en direction
du poinçon 5", comme indiqué par la flèche F' et entraíner, par le bras 12, la
rotation de la came 7 dans le sens de son escamotage à l'intérieur du poinçon.During this movement, the
Ce jeu entre serre-flan 2" et poinçon 5" peut ainsi être contenu dans une plage de valeurs déterminée, le jeu en fin de course du poinçon pouvant être le jeu minimal j entre serre-flan 2" et poinçon 5".This game between 2 "and 5" punch can be contained in a determined range of values, the game at the end of the punch stroke being be the minimum clearance between 2 "blank and 5" punch.
La figure 3' représente le dispositif de la figure 3 en fin d'emboutissage.Figure 3 'shows the device of Figure 3 at the end of stamping.
En variante, la came 7 peut, par glissement sur le côté en regard du
serre-flan 2", se relever au fur et à mesure que le poinçon descend. Alternatively, the
Dans cette variante, la came 7 comporte un prolongement en direction
du serre-flan 2" formant doigt coopérant avec la face du serre-flan formant
came.In this variant, the
La figure 4 illustre encore un autre mode de mise en oeuvre du procédé
de l'invention consistant à modifier la géométrie de la partie du poinçon 5''' en
regard du serre-flan 2''' à l'aide d'une vessie gonflable 14 logée à l'intérieur
du poinçon sur sa périphérie, dans un logement annulaire 15 approprié.FIG. 4 illustrates yet another embodiment of the method
of the invention to change the geometry of the part of the punch 5 '' 'in
look at the 2 '' 'blanket using an
La vessie 14 est reliée par une canalisation 16 à une source de fluide
sous pression, de préférence un liquide, et est disposée dans le logement 15
de façon à faire saillie de la face frontale 5"'a du poinçon d'une manière
contrôlée par la pression du fluide envoyé dans la vessie.The
Entre le poinçon 5"' et le serre-flan 2''' existe un jeu minimal j comme
dans les modes de réalisation précédents.Between the
Au début de l'emboutissage, comme précédemment, le jeu entre
poinçon 5''' et serre-flan 2''' à hauteur du flan 1 est, comme illustré par la
figure 4, beaucoup plus important que le jeu minimal j. Ce jeu est réduit
substantiellement en gonflant suffisamment la vessie 14 pour qu'elle déborde
de son logement 15 pour se substituer par sa partie saillante 14a au
poinçon 5''' pour repousser le flan et étrangler le passage entre serre-flan 2'''
et poinçon 5'''.At the beginning of stamping, as before, the game between
punch 5 '' 'and blank holder 2' '' at the height of the blank 1 is, as illustrated by the
figure 4, much more important than the minimum game j. This game is reduced
substantially by sufficiently inflating the
Il ne se forme ainsi entre ladite partie 14a de la vessie et le serre-flan
2''' qu'une petite ondulation 1e de faible amplitude dans le flan 1, non
génératrice d'un affaiblissement de la pièce finale formée.It is thus formed between said
Au fur et à mesure de la descente du poinçon 5''', la vessie 14, dont la
pression du fluide d'alimentation est asservie au déplacement dudit poinçon ou
éventuellement à la pression régnant dans la cavité 3', se rétracte jusqu'à
s'escamoter totalement dans son logement 15, sa partie 14a affleurant la face
environnante 5"' a du poinçon.As the punch 5 '' 'is lowered, the
La figure 4' représente le dispositif de la figure 4 en fin d'emboutissage.Figure 4 'shows the device of Figure 4 at the end of stamping.
Enfin, l'invention n'est évidemment pas limitée aux modes de réalisation représentés et décrits ci-dessus, mais en couvre au contraire toutes les variantes, notamment en ce qui concerne les moyens pour créer un jeu modulable en écartement entre l'un des deux organes -serre-flan et poinçon-en prenant l'un des deux comme référence fixe du jeu et en configurant l'autre avec une géométrie variable commandée, asservie ou liée notamment à la course du poinçon et/ou la pression régnant dans la cavité de la matrice.Finally, the invention is obviously not limited to the embodiments represented and described above, but on the contrary covers all variants, in particular as regards the means for creating a game adjustable in spacing between one of the two bodies-side-blank and punch-in taking one of them as a fixed reference of the game and configuring the other with a variable geometry controlled, enslaved or linked in particular to the punch stroke and / or pressure in the die cavity.
Claims (12)
- A method of hydroforming plates, in which a blank (1) is fixed by means of a blank holder (2', 2'', 2''') to a die (4') provided with a cavity (3') with a view to pressing said blank (1) by means of a punch (5', 5'', 5''') entering the die, characterised in that, during the pressing phase, the clearance between the punch (5', 5", 5''') and the blank holder (2', 2'', 2''') is modified in order to contain it within a range of values preventing the formation of a fold between said punch. and die, according to one or other or both of the following parameters: pressure of the fluid in the cavity (3') of the die (4') and position of the punch (5', 5'', 5''') with respect to the die.
- A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the clearance between punch (5', 5'', 5''') and blank holder (2', 2'', 2''') is controlled by modulating the geometry of the facing parts of said punch and said blank holder during pressing.
- A method according to claim 2, characterised in that said modulation is carried out during the initial pressing phase and is followed by the establishment of a permanent minimum clearance (j).
- A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that said modulation consists of providing with a variable-geometry part (2'b, 7, 14) only one of the two elements: punch (5', 5'', 5''') and blank holder (2', 2'', 2''').
- A method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the back pressure prevailing in the cavity (3') is modulated by means of a pressurised fluid.
- A device for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a die (4') with a cavity (3') able to receive a punch (5', 5'', 5''') for pressing a metallic blank (1) fixed to the die by means of a blank holder (2', 2'', 2'''), characterised in that it comprises means (2'b, 7, 14) for modifying the clearance between punch and blank holder during the pressing operation.
- A device according to claim 6, characterised in that the said means are formed of a part (2'b) of the blank holder (2') which can be moved by appropriate means (6) appropriate for moving closer to or further away from the punch (5'), a part (1c) of the blank (1) being able to bear against said movable part (2'b) of the blank holder during pressing.
- A device according to claim 7, characterised in that said means (6) for moving the movable part (2'b) of the blank holder are slaved to the travel of the punch (5').
- A device according to claim 6, characterised in that said means are formed of a set of retractable cams (7) articulated on the punch (5'') and whose movement is controlled according to the travel of said punch, said cams constituting a supporting and forming surface for the blank (1).
- A device according to claim 9, characterised in that the cams (7) are controlled by a slide (9) driven simultaneously with the punch (5'') and whose movement is itself controlled by sliding on an inclined face (11) of the blank holder (2'').
- A device according to claim 6, characterised in that said means are formed of a retractable bladder (14) housed in the punch (5''') and connected to a source of fluid at adjustable pressure, said bladder constituting a supporting and forming surface for the blank (1).
- A device according to claim 11, characterised in that the pressure of fluid in said source is slaved to the travel of the punch (5''').
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0012208 | 2000-09-26 | ||
FR0012208A FR2814387B1 (en) | 2000-09-26 | 2000-09-26 | METHOD FOR HYDROFORMING SHEETS AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1190786A1 EP1190786A1 (en) | 2002-03-27 |
EP1190786B1 true EP1190786B1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
Family
ID=8854667
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01450017A Expired - Lifetime EP1190786B1 (en) | 2000-09-26 | 2001-09-25 | Method of hydroforming of plates and apparatus for carrying out the same |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6588244B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1190786B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE279275T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2357854C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60106362T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2230255T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2814387B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8505258B2 (en) | 2000-08-17 | 2013-08-13 | Industrial Origami, Inc. | Load-bearing three-dimensional structure |
DE10334483B4 (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2006-09-28 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Method and drawing tool for producing a sheet metal part from a circuit board |
CN101233286A (en) | 2005-03-17 | 2008-07-30 | 奥里加米工业股份有限公司 | Precision-folded, high strength, fatigue-resistant structures and sheet thereof |
US7672816B1 (en) | 2006-05-17 | 2010-03-02 | Textron Innovations Inc. | Wrinkle-predicting process for hydroforming |
DE102006040893B3 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-01-10 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Sheet component making process for motor vehicle involves deforming sheets in mold parts and using pressing tool |
TW200833434A (en) * | 2006-09-04 | 2008-08-16 | Ind Origami Inc | Apparatus for forming large-radii curved surfaces and small-radii creases in sheet material |
WO2008052174A2 (en) | 2006-10-26 | 2008-05-02 | Industrial Origami, Inc. | Forming three dimensional object |
US20090158580A1 (en) * | 2007-06-18 | 2009-06-25 | Precision Valve Corporation | Method of making aerosol valve mounting cups and resultant cups |
US8118197B2 (en) * | 2007-06-18 | 2012-02-21 | Precision Valve Corporation | Method of making aerosol valve mounting cups and resultant cups |
CN101700549B (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2013-01-09 | 四川宁江山川机械有限责任公司 | Molding process of spring plate of shock absorber and anti-drawing molding die |
DE102009056315A1 (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2011-06-09 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC, ( n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware ), Detroit | Stretching apparatus and method for stretch drawing a workpiece and stretch-drawn part |
CN102189175A (en) * | 2010-03-09 | 2011-09-21 | 财团法人金属工业研究发展中心 | Die for manufacturing metal shell and manufacturing method of metal shell |
US8936164B2 (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2015-01-20 | Industrial Origami, Inc. | Solar panel rack |
US10486216B2 (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2019-11-26 | Ford Motor Company | Draw die and binder lock |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3344646A (en) * | 1961-03-15 | 1967-10-03 | Reynolds Metals Co | Method for making thin metal sheet tapered receptacles |
JPS57134219A (en) * | 1981-02-13 | 1982-08-19 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Material holding device for press die for bulging |
US5263354A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1993-11-23 | Saunders William T | Drawn can body methods, apparatus and products |
FR2647373B1 (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1993-12-17 | Dassault Breguet Aviation | FLUID PRESSURE DEFORMATION FORMING PROCESS |
FR2723867B1 (en) * | 1994-08-26 | 1996-09-20 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | CONSTANT VOLUME HYDRAULIC STAMPING PROCESS |
DE19860851A1 (en) * | 1998-12-31 | 2000-07-06 | Kuka Werkzeugbau Schwarzenberg | Method and device for molding molded parts |
-
2000
- 2000-09-26 FR FR0012208A patent/FR2814387B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-09-25 ES ES01450017T patent/ES2230255T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-25 DE DE60106362T patent/DE60106362T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-25 EP EP01450017A patent/EP1190786B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-25 CA CA002357854A patent/CA2357854C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-25 AT AT01450017T patent/ATE279275T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-09-26 US US09/962,350 patent/US6588244B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60106362T2 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
ATE279275T1 (en) | 2004-10-15 |
FR2814387A1 (en) | 2002-03-29 |
CA2357854A1 (en) | 2002-03-26 |
US6588244B2 (en) | 2003-07-08 |
FR2814387B1 (en) | 2002-12-06 |
ES2230255T3 (en) | 2005-05-01 |
EP1190786A1 (en) | 2002-03-27 |
DE60106362D1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
CA2357854C (en) | 2008-11-18 |
US20020035859A1 (en) | 2002-03-28 |
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